HomeMy WebLinkAbout0148.095(D
------
" . ,-• ;0-.~_.,
--.. --'-
City of Palo Alto
City Manager's Report
TO: HONORABLE CITY COllNCIL
FROM:
AGENDA DATE: FebnJary 21, lll9S
DEPARTMENT: PUBUC WORKS
CMlt:148:9S
SUlUECI': Approval 01 CoosuItant Agreement rOl' the Inshore MonitoriDg
Program with the U. S. Deparflnfnt 01 the Interior, GeoJogicsl
Survey (USGS)
Bf.OUFS1:
This report rewr:nmenls 1hat CooociI approve a Joint Ftnling Agreement with !he United
SIales Depa._ of Ibe lnIerior. GeoIoglc& Survey (USGS). OOIigating the City 10 pay SSS.m <Nee llIlrce·year period II:> USGS be lll<lIlitoriog required by the Reglooal Water
Quality Control Board (Regional Board). Funds are avail.ble in !he Regiooal Water
Quality CooIroI Plant (RWQCP) FY 1994-1995 operatiIIg budget II:> cover this expense.
RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommeo.1s !hat Ccuncil. approve and authorize !be Mayo< 10 execute !be Joint
I'IIndiDs Agreement wiIh Ibe United Stales Depou _ ollbe lnlerior. GeoIoglc& Survey.
in !he amount of $85,275 be Ibe icshorc sedimcnI and clam mooitoring program required
by Ibe Reglooal Water Quality Cootrol Board. The}oint FunQmg Agreemem is for
services during a chree year period, Crom January I, 1995 to December 31, 1991. The
City would pay USGS I sum of $28,425 annually for each of chree year •.
roucr IMPIJCAllOr!li
F1mding of !be Inshore Monitoring Program cootinuI:s the policy 01 complying wiih all
reasonable regula.to[y ~ relative 10 !be RWQCP'. <flSCharge to s.n Fnnclsco
Bay.
J\YECVJJYE 5l1MMARY
On July 21, 1993, the Regional Board reissued I new Natiooal Pollulant Discharge
FJimination System (NPDES) permit to the City requiring a more extensive receiving
waitt mooitoring progr.un. The permit also requires !he City 10 coordinate its mooitoring
efforts wiIh Ibe USGS. Therefore. no other roque.t. for bids were sent out. The latter
roquiremen! is due 10 !be fact that USGS bas cclIected data at this station sioce 1976.
The Regional Board would like to take advantage of their knowledge and experience in
obtaining and ioteq>reting future monitoring data. USGS has worked for the City on !be
roquired Inshore MonitO<ing Program since January I, 1994.
......01)
..
The lJUIPQOe of the mooilDr'inB is 10 dc!ermine the cooceotratioo of !oxic pollutants
(principally meta!.), which have 3<:C\llllUl.1<d in the sediment and clam tissue.nea1' the
R WQCP dlscbargc point and 10 observe trends over lime. Oam data coIlec:ed 10 date
have demOnstrated dramatic lmpcovement, in keeping with reducfions whicb have
occurn:d in the RWQCP (f""barge. The increased monitoring effort will provide data
IIIfJIe fre<p:nIIy and for more pollutants. It is anticipated that the future morJtoring will
continue to document the pooidve cDvlroomental impacts .. ",dal<d with reductioos in
dlscbarge aniOunI3.
MaU!aing wiG be cooWc1ed in • IIllIllIlCf thaI will pravidc higb-ql:ality data comr.atible
w1th bistoricaI data. data from the od1er South Bay rre.tm<:nt plants, and with programs
such as the Regional Mooitoring Program (RMP). Monitoring will be cooducted ..
accordance with the sampling parameters and frequency specified .. the City's NPDES
permit. USGS will swnmarize the data and submit an annual report 10 the City. ,a.nnU.I
reporting will be consistefJt with RM:P repor1ing format and ,,'ill be coordinal<d with the
recdvmg water moor.oring programs of Ihe Sa!: JoseiSanla Oara Water Pollution CootroI
P!ant (WPCP) and the &mt\y';a1e wpcp, The City', payment of $28,415.00 per yeat,
UIIder the attacbod agreement, includes charges for the basic monitoriog program of three
sampling eveDIs and analyses per ycat. USGS will provide for additiooaJ d.ta collection
as pa.. .. of !hcir ongoing research. This joint effort by Palo Alto and USGS takes
advantages of efficienl:ies gained ",ben I single data coIJedioo effort is Il..<ed to
accomplish several goals.
While !he Oioton administration has recently proposed the concept of privatizing !he
USGS, it is not anticipated !bat implemcnlation of suclt actim is likely during the Ierm
of 1hls agr<emenL However,.OOu!d SlICb a<:tion take place, the agreement does cOlllain
a If:m1inaIioo. ~ wbich can be utilized by eilller party. In such an event, the City
would simply procure replacement services from anod1er source.
nSCAL IMPACT
The fisu.l impact is • 10tal of $85,275 for which fu..'lds are available in the RWQCP
1994-1 m operating budget.
~JENTAL ASSf,SSMENT
The Inshore Moniloring Program does not coostilllte • project UDder the California
Environmental Q-.IlIlily ACi and, therefore, an environmental assessment has not been
perlormed.
ATIACRMF.NT .
Joint Fwxling Agrecmenl between Ihc Cily of Palo AIm and !he United States Department
of the Intc:rlor, Geological Survey
, c.'
. , :( , ~. ,"
':;-;"-
, •
."
PREPARED BY: Suzanne Healy, Associ.ate Engineer. EnvVoomentaJ CooJpIiance
Divisioo
DEPARTMENT HEAD REVIEW:
CITY 10iANAGER APPROVAL:
Assistant City .Manager
CMJl:148," Pqelall
IlJlAi:..Ji.Mt.N'l' 1 Department or the Inferior
GoololilCal SU<vey
Jolnt Furidlng Agroement
FOR .
CA221!
WR94;OOQ1
WATER FISSOUACES INVESTiGATIONS
1HJS AGREEt.lENT is enlersd tlIo as 01... 1s1 day 01 Ja",a,), 1995 ~y 1110 GEOlOGIC·At SURVEY.
UNITED STATl;S OEPARn.lENT OF THE INTERJOR. pany 01 "" nrs part. ar>j Ih8 -.cOy 01 Palo Ana. pany 01 til.
secord pat\.
1. Tho partiea ""'"'" _ thai IUbjecf 10 !he ~ 01 apprc¢a!ioro and i1 aocordanoe _ IIle1r re..-..,. _lOS
Ihare shaI be -maU'd.aihsd in c:coperation arncnitoring of trace e-iemerc concenli8:icn in crarns and' sediments in !he
vIoInIIy 01 Palo Akl Sewag. Trea!menl Plare OUIl'eJ as per"'. al!aol1od proposal. h!roina~ ... c.arred "'e program.
2. The Jo!owing amouriS 5haD be aH"IlJiOOIed to cover a.~ r:A the ccsf oll'le necessary fie'lcl and ctrlG'I! wolt. ~recIl)< related
10 th£s program" but ~ K-'7J bureau 5eve1 general adrrin~alive 01" accounting wo1li ir1 Ihe offICI! of either party.
(8) SMil by "" party 01 !tie firs! part dJ ~ 1I1e peffOd Jaru aI) 1. 1995
10 Decerrber 31,1997 , .
!I>I $85,275.00 by Iho party or I!1e sro:>rxJ part dumg lI1e period Ja""at)' I. 1995
10 Dec&1T'ber 31.1997
!Cl _ amou .... by .acIl party clumg \he abo". period Ot succeeding period. as may be d",._ by 1n.'1ua1
agreement and set Iorll1 in In 'xo/Jarg' 01 lett, .. belw .. " !he par!les.
NOTE: F,,'Tlding pmil1ed' by !he ely 01 Falo Alto 1b<!hiS projee( wi) be aJ!ocated annu.'ly 10 1I1e us GoolagTcaJ
Su"'8y'" """~'" of $28,425.00.
3. ElIpens<is i'1amsd Illhe perronnanco 0I1hl. progwr. may be paid by 'lL~e, party in cooIormil) with Ih8 taws and
noguIaliofls reope<:rlVely govemlng eacll pariJ,. providE~ !hal so rar as may be lTlJt!JaI1y agreeable .~ .xpo .... ,haI.be
paid" It>e In;! instance by !he part)< oI ... W part with appropliate '_""mere It,,,reaftOf by Ihe part\' 011110 second
part. Each party snat furrish 10 01e other par'!)' suc.". statements or reports of e:<per.d!lures as may bI:o r.eed"ed 10 satisfy
fiscal requnmen!S.
4. ThfIlield' and' offICE! worX pertaining to this prcgram s'han be under !he dire-etTon of Ot slJbject toO peiicd"~ tevfaw b)
an aLJ!horizeO' repreun'.alive altha party 01 "'" first part.
S. The areas Ie be i1c1uded in She program !ha~ tie defermined by mutual agree ment between 1he partiei hereto or hie
aulhariZed '"P'ffi!n!a!ive .. The me_ .!l'pIoy~ in !he field and offICe shan be 11'05. adopted by the party of !he firs!
pari 10 lnsurelhe requTred standardS or OOOJra<)' sulliecl 10 mxliflCalion bY mutual agreeme,,-
6. Oumg Ih8 prt.gr .. , 0I1he war!< aJ ope,.....,,,, of eillle, part)< P"'rtaIriing 10 111 .. program ,hal be 09<.' Ie !he inspec!ion
01 !he oller party. ancllihe wor!< .. not be;ng carfied 00 in a mu!uai1y sarl5f~ manner. eillltlr party may lerminal.
IIlIs 0lIr&emef't upon 60 <1ays .. rillen na!ice 10 tile other party.
7. The 0<igina1 r8COf<!s resulting!R>m L'liS prog<arn"~ be c!e9os!ed in !he o1rlCS of OrigTn of tho .. recol<1s. Upon request.
<>Opies 0I1he origInal reoords wiI be pcVicIe<! 10 !he olf.,. 0I1he o!he' perty.
a+ The ~J records or reports resulUng tom diis program shan be ma6e avaIlal)le 10 Ile pucnc .as profllltly as possible.
The .....,.. !ecordS or reports normally .. if be J)<Jllf1Shed by lI1e part)< 01 "'" Grst pert. However, !he perty or !he seccncl
pari ...... rves fle right'" 1M>/lOI1!he ,","as of Ihi, program and. r already pu1>'isl1ed by 1'le ~rty 01"'" firs! pari shall,
uponrequesr.. be furnished by 1:1. part)< 01 It .. firs! Part. at coS!, ilnp<essTons ",Rabie for ,,"!pOSeS 01 ",producflon 51mil",
10 lila! for w!lich Ill. original oopy ..... prepared. The maps. ro<:o<dS 0( raports pubnslle<! 1>'1 either pa1fy shaJ cont_t,
I atafetnelC of the c:ooperalW'e relations between Ihe parties.
9. Siling lor !his agreerr>i!1l will be rendered September ""each year . Payment. or bils are due wit!lin 60 days
_ !he bilrong dat •. I not paid by file die elate, me",,, d be cJlatged alllle curren! TIoOSl.Py rate 10< eacl1 3O-<!ay
peOod. or portian Ihe_. Ihal the ;><Iymon! is <!e1ay~ ~ond It .. due date. {3t USC 3717; Corr¢t>l'e' Gon.raJ File
8-212222. AvgusI23~ 1 983.}.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
lI'IlTED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE IIIITERIOR
<'~bl. 4 .. zi&
By Fred~rfc}t N"lChols. Chief, eRR, WFl
+..-.---/ iSICUIAH.'RE I. TITLE)
CITY Of PALOAl.TO
By-;:-;----;--=---:;77----:,.--,.----Gloria Young. Cit! (leri
8y'"~ry~~ __ ~. -,.~_r~_n~~~Sran t ko j h ng" '51". As 5 L tn1 Attorney·
(USE REVERSE SIDE IF A00110NAL SIG'tAJ\!RES ARE RE(lOJ1REO)
. E)(H!8!T A
SCOPE OF WORK
1.0 INTIiODUCTION
The City of Palo Alto (CItyj was recar.tJy Issued a new NPDES permit by the
~giooal Water Quality Control 8o.rd tRWOCB). TM permit requires the City to
~'t a receiving water monitorinQ program at an inshore .tat""'-Monit<><ing
for specific metars and other parametars Is required using t-"" cram, Macoma
b.rthka, and sediment sampres. The permit also r.quires the Cfty to coordin2!a its
monit<><inll efforts w1th the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The latter requirement
stams from 1110 I S years of ",ev1ous data that IJSGS has collected (partly in
cooperatior. with Palo AItol at !;'Ii. monitoring station. The goal of the RWOC8 is
to tab advall'.age of t,"at data in illtarpretOng mo.~1toring data in the future. This
scope of work desCfibes the inshore monitoring ",ogram to be conducted by tne
c<>ntractor, USGS.
1.1 Previous Monitorinll Studies In Near Field Palo Alto ~ceMng Waters
Since 1976, USGS personMl have monitored and studied IIsce metal
concenestions in sediments and sedimeot-dwening species in the v.·dnlty (If the
discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Woter Quality Control Plant tpAAWQCl').
These studies initially found excep(ionaDy!Ugh concentrationso! copper and silver
in mud-<lwemng animals from this area. US Fish and Wold'f. studies OOcumerlled
that theSe conta.minants also were present in erllfic'hed concentrations in birds from
the area •• n" other studies documented contamination thrOlJitlout the food chain.
One Study obsetved thet the highest conce"ttations of metals occurred nearest the
PARNOCP dlscl1a1ge site. After consideration of other possible SO<;fces. this
study i,npncated the P Aff>NOCP discharge as the prlrT'.ary source of the
contaminants.
Conteminant tren<! s through time were characterized by USGS at Sand
Point. an interti<ial station ,1<", sOuth of the PARWOCP discharge. Set", •• r.
1976 a'ld 1989, studies by USGS emphasized copper and .~v.r, two of the toxle
metals that occurred in the highest concentrations in a n!mal tissues from the area_
The ~l.rm data set showed that concerwations c>f metals in sediments, and
espeCially in crams. deer""", between 1981 and 1990. es the PARWOC? improved
, its waste treatment facilities. The downward trends in copper content of animars
correfated with recluced Cu discharges from the PARWOCP. Silver
concen.tratiofis rematn.ed etevated in the la1e 1980's compatecf 10 other k>cafities in 1."" Say. WIthin the last five vears, silver cootaminatioo has afso decnned, in
sSS0C8tion with a sourca red<JCtion program undertaken bl' the PARWOCP.
"-c--, '::,_.c:",--,-.-''-'.
')~:.fu
,
•
-:-..-: . "-:-... '~ , ,-
The studies afs-o demonstrated the most effective Bpplo.aches to k>ng term
monftorirtg. The resutts suggested t,'i-j.at sediments and local populations or dams
are sensitive kld'tC8torS or 1M res.POflse 01 receiv:ng ""'iters to changes in metal
output from e cIlschar(/e" In the C8$O of Paio Alto, the stu<1ies demonstr.ted ,»at
,educing metal cIlscl\&rge is refiected within a year bv reduced near fie14
contamination in the environment and biota of San Francisco Bay. Both se!liments
and clams responded sensitively to the changes. Bot/> also Incorporated imponant
enWON!l6f>tal f~o ... in their respons<>s. When sod1ments and crams were
monitored l~ther, they provided corrobo<ating ron •• of evidence, mlnimlzir.g mls·
in~pretatioo.. The rr.ost effective interpretation of trends occu<red when
aa.:_."les were conected at s ..... eral times of year, because of seasonanty in
concentrations. The data from a receiving water monitoring program <>f thrs type
is rot only useful foe the RegIcMl Board bot can pro"ide valuable feedback to focal
industries anc:J smaD businesses as efforts such as Palo Afto"$ silver source con.trol
program .re carried out.
2.0 OBJa:llVES
The purpose of the required monitoring program is to characteri.zelong term trends
in trace .Iement concentrations inshore near the d1.c~arge of tIle PARWQCP.
Trace elaments and asSociated parameters win be determined .., fine-grained
sedimenu and in L>WO clam MlJComa bslthicll flom ~e site that has beer> monitored
.lnce 1976. The monitoring will be conducte" in a ,",,,.ner that wiD provi<1e high
quafity data that are compatible with the data co~ecte<! historicarly, with data
collected at other nearby RWOCP's, and by pr()g(ams such as the Regional
Monit«ing Program lRMPI.
Specific objectives -...,Jude: .
• Provide data to asse.,. seasonal and annual trends in trace element
concer>trations in sediments and clams in the vict,ity of the discharge; specifically
at sito C-l as designated in the RWOCS's Self-Monl1oring Program foe PARWQCP.
• Pr6sent the data withirl the context of histor"",! clla "9€s inshore near the
PARWOCf' and within the conte><1 of OfMjOing """,,'toring of effluents.
• Coordinate samprong .!foets with similar insho<e recel-,;'''1I water rT'oOnftoring
programs of San Jo$elSa!lta C1era WPCP and the Sunnyvale WPCP, and provide
data compatibre with relavant aspects of the Regional Monrtoring Pr()g(am. The
near field data will augment the Regional Monitoring Program as suggested by the
RWOCB. •
• Provide data wlUch could S\l!>POft other Soi.rth Bay issues or pt()g(ams such as
development of .e!limont quarlty standards.
The monitoring approach deSCfibed below 1\&. been effective in the past in
relating changes in near field contamination In San Franci&co Bay to changes in
metal cIlscharges flom tho PARWOC?, despite the ccmpTexities of monitoring
natural systems~ This historical data waJ provide a uniqtJe context within which
cause and effect can be assessecl foe change in the futUl •. It is USGS' (luoma et
aO experience that measu<ing change in nature .gaInst a bac~!lfouod of long term
data is the single most effective way to Identify the factors that cause that
. -.-
."
,,'--.
). ... ~ ..
/ ,
change. Th<! 1l10to<ical data !o< the Palo .... .lto .reo is one of t". few d.ta oal$ of 11.
type ~\ler conected anywhere. and p<ovi4es a unique opj)O<'ttxlity to understand
how Investments In affluent: imp<ovements actuany effect 8 receivirlg wat.,..
environmeM. The monitoring effort shan also a~ 8< a local .><tension of the
Regiona! Monitoring Program. which Is ",vesting minimal off.,.., south of the
Dumba<too &l6ge. Further""" •• coo<dlnatJon with San Jose/Santa Clara and
Sunnyvale RWOCP's wil1 provld'a I regional ccnte><t for Interpretif>g results.
3.0 MONITORING PROGRAM APPROACH
The COOtr~ct<l( shaft monitor trace .'ement corn:entretions In f."e Il'ained
sediments and resklent populations 01 the deposit feedl"ij clam Macoma balthka.
Se<roment p.<ticle. !lind most trace element polIutanu strongly. eff'Ciently
removing them from the water colorrvL Numerous jlfOr studies have sho,m thet
analysis of concentrations 01 these I'OMutants In sed'iments provide a time
Integratlld lrod'lCato< of trace element input 10 the water column. Animals such as
Macoma balthka ive In cootect with .eolments and feed upo<l Ofganic ""'terial
associated' with sediment particles. Thus tfwV are exposed to this concer1trated
poo( of trace elements and sequester them In their ti.s~s. Analysis 01 the tissues
provides is mea5Uf9 0' the exposure of the orQanl'$m to bioavaiTSbTe po"vtants.
Study of sueh exposure is the first step in understanding whether ponWmts are
adverseiy affecting an envilooment {altllovgfl ele·,.jed tisSUE cooco"tfations a10ne
do not prove en effect is occurringl. Unclerstanding exposure In one speete" 81so
can be usefl.ll in indicati<>g a larger exl'Osuro of t."" local I0o<I web. as SMW" in
earli81 studies at Palo Alto. Past USGS monltori<>g elfort$ ".ave demonstrated t1'.e
value of the <!<Jar s&d'llT1OIl!/ti.s~'6 swroath. when data ere collected !cRowing the
tigorous pr<>tocol. c!eSCfibed below.
3_ 1 S. mpnng Design
3.1.1 Somp!in9 Iocl'llon
The contractor .fo.a~ co~ect samples from one station. d.ri"'9"<ltlld C-l. localed
north of Sand Point (Figure 1'. m. is • mudflat on the shote of the bay (not a
sTougl1l1 kl10meter south of the Palo Alto <!lscflo,ge. it was chosen because it is
h~ by the clischargo of the PA!fWOCf', but is not immediately adjacent to
tfoa! clischerge. ThlJs it reflects a resl'OOse of recelving waters to the effluent,
l>eyond jus1 a mea.",. of the effi<J6nt ilseff. Earlier stll<fies have shown that dyes.
/l8tura! Ofganic matenals In San FrancisQuito ereek and wasles In the FOWOCf'
<Ilscharlle aD move predominanti)' south toward Sand Point eoo t1'.ereby .,!luence
the mudflats In the vicWty. Thefe are no other substal'ltiat discharges in ~
irTVnediate vicinity. Earlier work showed that San Francisquito er""k and the
YacI1t Harbor were minor sources of most trace elements compared 10 the
PAAWOCf'. Earlier studies also sloOvved that Intensive ITlOnhoring at one site was
more effective in deterrrJnjng trends In trace element coot8mlll8tion than was less
frequent sampRng at a larger number of sit •• In !he vicinity of the cfischarge.
-;. ~-'
•
..." ..... -J. "-. . .
. -.-. _ .i.
3. '.2 Sampnng frequancy
The contractor shaD conduct a basic morJtO<'ing Pfogram with a sampr.I'){!
frequency of three times pel year. as stipulated by tile AWacs. The Region3l
MonitO<'/ng Program oamples once during the wet season. once dur1ng tile dry
season and then again at tM end of the dry se.son. Sompfil'){! shan co<respond as
closely with RMP samprmg date. and t!mes • s the tide. pelmiL USGS monItort"19
experience \n(flCates that three samples per year wiD be InsuHlcient to sensitively
track or klterPfot seasonality or year·to-vear change in met;;1 contamination.
HIstory has shown that sho<t term events ~of wation one to two ffiOI1~i can
strongly in!luencs metal concentrations in sodimenu and clams. Furthermore, ""
annual cycle of ma><imvrn and minimum cencentrat.Tons occurs at tha mudflat. The
p;ecise timing of that cycle is not PfeOlCtablo. Statistical tachniqu<!s.such as power
analyses ~te that to"ee samples per vear win Pfovide a 20 percent sensitjvity
in detec11ng trends. More frequ<!nt samprong provides mo<e accurate cleta about •
trend. and emancas interPfetation of causa and effect in a Temporany variable
envitonment [accuracy is not cO.1side.-ed in power analy.ls). n-o<J., 1M contractor
shan suppon supplemer>tal sampDng, conecting s.mples an additional S t!me. per
year. The sampritlg events shan be in May, July, August. October. December.
Janoary, FebnJary and March; although this sCMNle mal' be adjusted' t<> coincide
with the RMP. HIstoric data suggests suc!\ a sche.-na wiU provide. good
representation of siaSOf'1afity., es.peciany th9 time of year when concentratH>n$ are
highest and eve"'! most likely (Octob.r through March!. The cootract", shan
anafyzi samples from the sups:!tementar eonect~.s, .at a minImum. fo( the selected
constituents that USGS has sampled historically.
3.2 Conslituents 10 be Determined
The cC>ntrac!o< sha~ analY2a sediment samples for the constitUents and associated
variables. are ~sted in Table'. The contractor shan analyze clam lissue s.mples
for tha !:on$tit"""ts and .. ariobles fisted in Table 2. The constituent fist shaD be
consistent with the constituents analyzed by tfle Regional Monitoring I'rogram. The
methods employed shan be adjusted so as 10 minimize below detection ~m1t
determinl!tions. The v"rlables chosen for deterrrJnation are those that past USGS
stlJdies have showrt are essential 10 determ~nation and interpretation of trends~
3.3 Methods
3.3.1 SompOnll
The cootractor shan collect Macoma baltflica and sediments at low tide from the
.><posed mudflat at station C·1. Sed"unen! samples shan be scraped from tfle
surface oxidized laver «20m dej>th1wit" a metal·tree tool in a manner simJlar to
pcevious sediment 'Samprmg in tfle area. Sed'"nan! shan be coHected from the
same area as the clams. Enough sediment shan be obtaIned 10 COO<kJct an
proposeclanalyses ITab!el] and t<> archive approximately 10 grams for any
unforeseen future needs. Approximately 40 in<f,vidual clams shaD be ~onected at
each sampling tim<!.
',::.
. '-
'.
-.... < ..
3,3.2 SImple I'<"".ration
The cC)!"ttrec 10< snan sie~e sedirr..>r<ts thrOO9h a 100 pm mesh In ultra -ciean '"18
MoIvnJ deionized watar Immediately upon return to me IaboutOf)'. 80th the
ff8Ctlon of u<flment passing through the sieve ",,<1 the fraction retained on to""
Siev3 $haD be dried and weigMd. Partiels size distribution SM~ be defined as the
l'<op<>rUoncf the lotal sediment mas. dMded between these twc> f,ac!lons. This
1MB aTso I'<ovide an astimate of tha particle size characteristics of the bulk
sedIment for those who migM want 10 make comparisons witl. bulk analyses.
(USGS has col1fIcted yea" of data on < t 6 "m fraction within the < 1 00 ",n
fraction [pipette method). This data has not be"" very helpful in interpre!lng
tr.nds In motals ot Palo Alto. so that method shan not be employed In this
program!. llepllcatl anquots of the fractlon of ,5.<1""""nt that posses t!>rough the
100 pm sieva SM. be digested by reflux wf"J> concentrated rUtric aci6 to determine
ne .... total concentrations. Replicate afiquots of each sediment shan also be -
extrllcted In O,SN hVdrochlorlc acid to determi ... the leachable. anthropogenic
contribution Ie the sedimaflt concentrallon. Standard roference meterials sm." also
be digested with each sedIment digestion ""'.
The contract« sha~ retUfn clams to the Jabotatory live. washed free cf Jocal
udiment and placed In clean ocean water diluted with distined wat", to the
saftnity on the mudflat at the time of coRect1on fdetermlned from the water In tf>.e
mantie cavity of representative iod"Mdual clams1. The animals shaH be he!d w
:wo days to deJi<Kate undigested sediment. then I'<epared for analysis. The length
of each clam SMn be determined then tfle shen and soft tissue will be separated.
Soft tissues sM~ be compo.lIed into 4 -8 composite samples. each containir.g
an!mals of smlar sheD length. and digested b:t nitric aci6 r.flux. Samples for
mercury anci' •• r"",'urn &r>alysIs shaft be compositeel .s above. and fr ...... <fried'
before digastion in conce"trated nitriciperchloric aci<!. The above p<ocedue shan
result In 4-8 reprocate samples from each conect1on for ICP ana~.sis and " samples
for mercuryiseTenium analysis. The data from these animals are noI normany •
eIl.tributed end may be affected by animalsi.e. C()(felatioos shan be calculated
between anlmsl size and metal concentration; and estabros!1ecf p<oced",e. sm.~ be
e~ed 10 cafcufat& metal cO<>tent of a standard si.e<! clam for each coRection.
Previous studies show that such data recluction p<ocelJures are necessary 10
aCCOUOl for biological factors (size and I/fowthl thet affect metal concentrations.
thus a""wlng 8 clear.r nnkage be\Ween PARWQCl> discharges a."'ld responses of
the clams.
3.3.3 Analytical method.
The COI1tract« shan evaporate <flllested tissue and sediment samples to <frynes.
and TBOONtit>Jted In O.6N hydfochloric acid. Most .Iomenu SMn be analyzed by
lnductN:ely Coopled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy !ICl' 0< ICArfS}[Teble t and
2). The exceptions include cadmium and saver in sedime"t •• which occur at low
concer>trations. and therafore sMD be determined by Graphite Furnace Atomic
"bSO<pt1on $pectrop/>ot<>metry IGFAAS) with Zeeman backg"'o ... " co<rectio.,. The
sIandard ad<IItions technique shaD be employed as r.ecessary in these analyses.
--"-"-~.-.
. .
,
•
•
.)
•
Mer.,,"'Y and 591enlum s1'l3B be determined in both sediment and cTam tissues by
Hvd<ide Atomic A~.or"tion Spectrophotometry.
All glassware and fiek! co~ect!on oPi>.ratus shan be acid wa,"ed.
thoroughly rinsed In ultra-cleen 6eion;2ed water, dried in • dust-free positive
preasure environment. seeled and stoted in a <:ust free cabinet. Ouar.ty co<>troi
shaa be maintained bY frequent analysis of blan1c.s, analysis of National "'stitute of
Stenclards and TecIv>oTogy llandald lefere""" materiaTs (tissues and sed1menul
wfth Nell analytical run, and hternal compar~s with prepared quar.ty control
etandard.. A toJn QAIQC plan shaD avanabl. u;>c>n request. Typical tfetection
RmitlI for each erement. In the matrix we are sampflO9. ere shown in TabTe 3 and
compared 10 "beckllfound" (tha 10 west) concentrations found i:l San Francisco
Bay.
3.4 Data Analysls
The contraC1O< shaD sunvnarize the datI and submit a report to the City
8IV1U&Dy. Anooal Te~ shen be consistent with Regio."l81 Monftor&-\g Prog<am "'port&-\g format and sllaD be coorcfU18ted with the leceivlng wate< monitoring
prog<ams of the San Jose~ta Clara W1'CP and the Sunnyvale WPCP. Oata
appand"lCe. shan be included that show basic analytical and computational data.
The date report shan include f~es and tables tI1at express each year',
monitoring data within the coot.xl of /l1st()(lcal change •• obse:ved since 1976
and witllfn the prececfong fIVe year •.
4.01lUOGET
The budget for the P'opose" project is ootIined in deta~ io'\ Table 4. T/l1s
budget rncludes charges orJy for the basic monitorlng prog<am of We. sampl"ong
events and enalyses per yeat. USGS win matel> thi. suppo<t by suppo<tiog the
additional coIIectiOf1s in each year.
, -:." .-.
; ,.-" , .
T.bte 1~ ActMtl'e, .. c::onsdt\.!enu and variabt.s in nea, fieTd monitOt,"g of fUle
1I'8!nad sediments It Palo Alto.
Act!>1ty, U.dlod Additional Frequtmc::y
ae1lvilies
Sc:hedu!e loc1stics ISIv
Field Co3ect'o". Intertidal elY
Sedlment • Paroc1e >100um & sie\l'e from 8!y
o12e <IOOum field
S<t<Iiment -He! i' lCP Extract 0; Sly
Tr>tal d"~est
}J
Fe
MIl
~ ..
Cu .
PI>
.. ,
Ni
Zn -
SedIment -He! i' GfMS Uu above Sly
Total extJact$
Cd
Ag
Se<runent -HI! 8. Se Hydride Freeze dry. 3ty
(IotaO . _grind
TOC Total C-GO dry ar.QUOt 8!y
Archive sediment Selot vial dry stv
AssemIJle data Common 8ty
spreads!-.eet
Anr.ual RejlO<1 Common 1f{
for"",t
•
•
T.ble 2. Actlvltle., constlruents .nd nrlables in noar fleld monitoring of metals in
1M bivalve. Mocorna b.ldIlca .t Plio Ahe>.
AClMt~ Me1hod Addl.tionar fr.~uency
field Collect ICP metals 20 ~rvicluars ely
IHe &Se 20 indhMuals 3Iv
cle...,. depurate. As abova as above aly
cIlssact. size, &y,
welch
""'!lore TIS sues ICP dit:lest etc aN
F.
Mn
-<:4
Cr .c-I
Cu
Pb
Ni
Ao
Zn
Whole TlSs ues I HydMe fr •• ,e d"f 3!v
HQ
Sa
.
Concrrtion Calculate
indexkontent
Assemble data Common Sly
6jl(eadsheet
Annual Report Common Forl1".at ltv
Table 3. Detection Imit. for constituents to b. "et.,mined In Pa.1o AI10 monItorinll
study.
fleqMmt OetectTrul BackWOlJOd in Sf SaV·
Cd 0.05 -0.2
Cr 1.0 >50
Cu 1.0 !()'20
Pb, 1.0 5·20
~ 0,\ 0.1
Ni 1.0 >40
Se 0.1 0.1
A~ 0.05 0.1
Zn 1.0 >40
TOC 0.1% 0.3%lowest
, ·Determined from pre·1850 sediments from cores.
, '.
'","
!
•
Tabl. 4. ~OI for Plio Aho inshore monlt"r~11l program in cIonar •.
ACnyay ~L<4Bk:" SJ./PPf IE:> ~I~SES
~EIIANEDWi
fieldWork 3,120 550
Sample preparation 3,985 1,000
JCP Analyses 1,695 1,000
Mercury/Seleruum 2.400
GFAAS 596
Total Organic Carbon 136
RedUce & Assemble
data 2,801
Instrument Maintenance 1,500
end Repair
FlI1alReport 3,333
SOSTOTAlS \5.830 2.550 3,136 1,SOC
TOTAl DIRECT COSTS $23,016
INOO!ECT COSTS .5,409
IOTALCOSJS 1211 !25