HomeMy WebLinkAbout0189.093.--.. ~" ,', -.
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March 11, 1993
THE HONORABLE CITY COtJNCIL
Falo Alto, California
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Revision to Palo Alto Le.ndsca-p_e Water Efficien~L_Standards
Members of the Council:
Report in Brief
This report requests Council approval of revised Landscape Water
Efficiency Standards and adoption of the Resolution incorporating
the re .... ised standArds into the Palo Alto Municipal Code. No
change in budqeted funds is required and no additional staff is
needed.
Background
Council amended Chapter 12.32 (Water Use Regulations) o~ the Palo
Alto Municipal C~e with Ordinance 4106 and adopted Landscape
water Ef£iciency Standards (Standards) on October 15, 1992. These
standards. have been in effE'.ct since that date. As landscape
projects have been approved by the Planning Depart~ent and
cons't:Z"1.Jcted by local developers, it has become apparent that one
change needs to be made. The require~snt fer completion of a
Certificate of Performanc~. after installation of the irrigation
system. is an obstacle to the developers and a b;Jrden to
Inspectors in the Building Inspections Division. staff wishes to
dalet. the requirement for a Certificate of Performance.
Attachment A is the revised version ot the Standards.
Basis for Revision to the Standards
The details of the Standards are primarily within the purvieW'
only of the landscape architect. Project developers and
contractors rely chiefly on the plans and instructions of the
landscape architect when installing lancscaping for a project.
The Building Inspection Division reports that it is difficult
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for a developer to coorQinat~ inspection of an irrigation system
at th~ end of a project ~hp.n all the other final details ~re
being cOlllplet.pj, even it the developer 'Were aWdre of the
requirement fer such an inspection. The City's Inspectors are
put in the position of having to delay !inal approval of a
project until the contractor and the d~veloper coordinate an
irrigation system inspection with the landscape architect.
Statf of the Utilities Depart~ent, the Building Inspection
Division, and the Planning Department have met to revie'W the
requirements of the Standards. It ~as determined that the
requirement for a Certificate of Pe.l'formance could be deleted
without reducing the efficacy of the Standards. The basis of that
determin~t!on follows~
This Certificate was includefj originally .becau~e it
followad a similar procedure in the State Model
Ordinanca.
The Palo Alto Standards include the mc~itoring of water
use by irrigation-only meters after project completion
~~rouqh utilities records of annual use. The State
Model Ordinance did not include this provision, as it
had to be applicable to cities rather than utilities or
water djstricts.
The goal of the Utilities Department is to ensure
efficient lonq-term water use. Certification that an
irrigation system is installed according to approved
plans would be an additional means of assurance to the
City, but it is not as useful as being able to monitor
the results of such an installation, i.e. the actual
'Water usage.
The city will ~e monitoring the water use of all
approved landscape projects on a routine basis.
Should the eventual owner of a property landscaped from
an approved plan find that the irrigation system is not
operating accordinq to plan specifications, that O'-'11er
may take action against the contractor. In the
meantime, the City may require a landscape irrigation
auriit per Section VII. B. 2. of the Standards.
~onunendB.tions
Staff recommends that Council adopt the accompanying Resolu~ion
approving the revised Sandards. The Utilities Department's
concerns for efficient water use in landscaping .ill still be
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met. ~~erall vater use of any project ~ill remain subject to a
~aximum water allowance. Monitoring vater use of completed
projects will continue. Local dev~lopers and landscape
architects will be ~elieyed o~ one admini~trative requirement in
the process of installing new, ~ater-e!ficient landscaping in
Palo Alto. City building il1s.pectors '\iill not be in the position
af requirinq burdensome documentation cf water efficiency ~hich
can be ~o~itored in another .ay.
Respectfully ~ubmitted,
Q~;l%~-
Resource conservation Manaqer
Ed::i~
Interim Director of Utilities
j~
city Manager
Attachments:
CKIl: 189: n
Resolution to Adopt Revised Water Efficiency
Landscape Standards
Exhibit A
RESOLUTION' NO.
?'ESGUJTION OF THE CO:'1J".JCIL GF T}1ECITY GF FALO AL':'O
REA:XJPTING LANDSCAPE WATER EfFICIE.i';CY STA.\"Dfl..RDS
PU1<.SUA... ... i'T TO PALO ALTO t"itj')l'ICIPAL CODE SECTION
12.32.050'
W"AEP.EAS, pursuant to sectiOYl 1.2 . .?2.05C of tt.e Palo Alto
Municipal Code (the "Water Efficier.t Landscape Ordir.ance~ l. thE
City Council rJ'1.ay by rcsolli,:ion adopt sta~d.:.rds fo::.-landscape water
efficiency; ant!
~-~EREAS~ the City Council has dete~~ined that such
standards arB appr-oprj ate pursuant to State la',,-; and
WHBREAS, the City Counci 1 hilS
administrative convenience req-..lires that
Performance not be completed by contractors.
a
determirled
Certificate
that
of
NOW THEREFORE, the. COuncil of tte City of palo Alto does
hereby FESOLVB as follows:
SECTIm; 1 ~ The .I:..9-nd_:::;.§:a.oe Water Effi __ ~ __ -t~p-.,::v Starrdards for
the Ci tv of p~Jo ~?l to, and attached hereto as Exhibit A and
incorporated by this reference, a::.-e r.er'2by readopte~.
SECTI9JL.:;:.. The C.ity Council has determined that adop~ion
of this Resolution is categorically exempt from the California
Environmental Quality Act pursuarlt to Section 15307 of Title 14 ot
the California Cod·'? of Regulations because this constitutes an
a~tion authorized by State law to ensure the rr~intenance,
resto::.-ation, or enhancement of 2. nat1;.ral resource "Where the
regulatory process involves procedt.:.!:es fo!: the protection of the
envi ronmen t .
INTIiGDliCEZ) .:\NO PASSED:
AYES:
NOES:
ABS'1'E .. N'T!ONS:
AESEN'T:
ATTEST: APPROVED:
City Clerk c=c=----------~..aYD=-
APPR'.)VED AS TO FCR1'-1:
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LANDSCAPE WATER EFFICIENCY
STANDARDS
for the
CITY OF PALO ALTO
in compliance with the
STATE OF CALI FORNfA
WATER CONSERVATION
IN LANDSCAPING ACT
AB325
Developed by the City of Palo Alto
Department of Utilities, Energy Services Section,
in cooperation with the
Department of Planning and Community Environment
March 15, 1993
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1n complian,:e with the A onericwt: wi!h Di.s.:JbiliIiL.s Act (ADA) of 1990. rhis tiocwneN may be
prO"vlded iFf 0If.er .:JCce.r:;jbje fomuus For iIIjcrrr.a.timt, Cot'lloct: Diarwh Neff, ADA DirtXwr,
City of PaioAlto (415)329-2313 (voice) or (41'))328-1}99 (JDD).
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II ~ ! TABLE OF CONTENTS
L Purpose , ............... ,........................ ........ ............ 1
11. Applicability ...................................................... 1
ill. Dellnitions ......................................................... I
IV. Calculation of Muimum Water Allowance ....... 3
V. Requirements ror Land<;rnpe Plans .................... 4
A Planting Design Plan .................................... 4
B. Grading Design Plan .................................... 7
C. IrrigatHln Design Plan .................................. 7
Vl. Alleman,'. Equipment or Design ....................... 14
vn. Water Use Moniton."lg .......... , ................... , ........ 14
Appendix 1: Landscllpe Water Use Sillterne"t ............. 16
Appendix 2: Sample Statement of Design Intent .......... 17
Appendix 3: Sample Calculation Worksheet ................ 19
Table 1: Landscllpe C""rrkients ........................... 22
Table 2: Design Effici€ncy ....................... , ............ 23
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Purpose
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CITY OF PALO ALTO
~~DSC~EST~~DARDS
The purpose ofthese st;..md:Jrds is to promOle eificicnl water use 11l1cugJ~ l:inds.cape design and
irri~aLlon managcmt::ll appro.?riate ID Palo .Alto's climate zorl~.
AppUcability
A 1be standards app!y to new and rehabilila~.'d irlduslri[ll, commercia! and inslitJtionai
Jandscaping ~ an ncv,' Dr rer.abiJitated muhi.fa.'11ily rommon areas.
B. Single-family !eSk.ieDCCS and multi-famlty private areas 21'e exempl from these stan
dards. However, alJ residents are enoourrtged t,., folluw them.
C The standards d,:; not apply to ~me:eries or registered bi.<,.~,orical sites. However,
Jandsc.ape managers at tl~ese sites are eocuuraged 10 foUow efficient irrigation sYMern
management practices as ind iea led in $e(. .. .ion V. C.2
D. The ~tandards do not apply 10 an)' landst"-aping which is irrigated s.Jiely hy
rectai.'1loo wat.::r and to which there is 00 pipeline instailo::! 10 deliver potable City
water.
E. School ya.-ds, parks, playgruur.d.. .. , sporto; fields, and golf courses are e"erl'lpl from a
maximum waler atlowance. Every other requir:meOlI oft..ie.se S.!andards is appJicable,
including estimation of irrigation water requtremCllts_ 10 addilion, turf areas ofthe>e
sites s.hall bave a land.~pe irrigation audit performed afrer the instatlalion or !'enova
tioo.of the irrigation S)~Iem-
III. Definitions
The terms usej in lhjs d~)CUmt':nt hJ\-e !he me.ar.ing sci forth belo'·I,;:
Commor:! 8ICaS:
Those .!reas in a residential development main !.a i ned by either ihe developer or a
homeowner's association.
C:>nvcrsion factor (O.cxnQ3):
A number thai convcrto; tbc maximum watCT CiQo\o\:ance from inches per MjUarc iool per
y..:-.2r to unilS of one hundred cubic fct."t (CCF) per square fOOl peT year. Water is.
metered and sold in Palo .AJto in a:F units.
The conversion is calcuraie.d as. follows:
(435".6 <:x:F/43,560 sq.ft.)/12 inche; ::0 O.Otlli3
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Where 435:6 CCF =-water per:x;rc fOOl
·U,560 sq. fL = one: acre
12 inches -=-O'lC foot
Effective Precipi1a!ior::
TI-..e poniuo cftOla! prccipitJtion :hJ.t is used by plautS i:1!.he landscape. Pre.:ipiLBUIXl is
nol a rdiable S()urce of W:2.t(.:r but can contribute L., some dCgil-e toward l!}e walcr no!td.s
of the ia. '1dsc:Gpc::.
F..slimated Apptied Water
lbai portion of total water Ll.',ed in a landscape to b: supplied by the City metered water
supply. The estimated appl~ water ma~' nol exa::cd ihe rnaxtmum walP..r allow3..r:lce
s.pecified in Section IV. The Water Use eafculations form m Appendix 3 indicates one
ffiC4'lodciogy aa:eptahle [')r 11"..e purposes of conforming to L...~ standards.
ET AdJustment Fac:or:
.j,. factor or.8, th.iI:t wocn applied ;0 reference eV8?J'l.'""al1Splrat:ion. adjusts pliilll water
requ.irements based on an average of p lanl Qraler require-men is and inigal ion system
efficiency .
ET 0: See, Reference E .. 'apotran.-"piraticn
H .. ,dJ"ozooe:
~ A .,POftion of the land:sca perl an'~ havLllg plants will-) similar waler r..eeds in a similar
IT!icroc!imate .. J! may t>e servo::! b} ane IJf more varves. A hydrozone may be irrigatro
or ooc·irrigated. For example., a naturalized area planted with naiive vegetation ihat
will not need sUFplemental irrigaLion once eslabli. .. hed is a oon-irrigated bydrozone.
Lrrigation EfIici(:ncy:
A me&-urerncnt of the amount of water beneficiaily tISCd d Lvided by Lir. amount of
water applied. Irrigation effICiency .is deri .... ed from est.L'l1ates of .irrigation system
design and management practices:.
Irrigation Zene:
Same as irrigation circuit. An 1rrigalicm d lslIibution line and a.."SOCia 10.:1 application
devices controtleJ by one vaivc.
Irrigation Z.one ,"Vater Requirement:
Tt..;:. plant ~raicr !'eGlJirement of Iln irriga!ior zone or c;rcuil divided b)' t."'le es:.im<ltcd
design efficiency of the type and o:mfig .. mLioo of applicatlon devices in that ror.e.. 1be
result is expressed in cx::::F. Tabie 2 in Aprendix 31~lS design efficie.--x:ies accep13ble
for uJruorrn [ng 10 the Lan.tic.ape SL.a.1.dards.
Landscap! ALea:
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The parcel miml."i. building pad(s), Cri ... -eWOiYS. parking areas, impe'lVious hards...--:apc5
slJCh as decks and patios, and other non·p<>rou.<:.. surfaces. Ex-amplcs of landscaped
areas could include: plam areas, water bod ~es.., pcrDl'.s walkwa.y!> t:nd natural area"i. A
natural a~ is one occupied by mature plants, native Of Cl<:Cjimaled plants growing on
undisturbed grades, and which hi. oot inigaLerl.
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Landscape Cocfficient:
A IOClili der~ved !!'~m analysis of plan! species, plailling d:~nsj,'y, and rn iCHx:Lmdh.':
which, when compared to ETc, rt'SulLS ir. an eslimal£ of L~ a':1J..luIll of w~lCI reqljired
to m.aint.11r. a planted are<!'.
Table I in Appendix 3 Ji.siS [Jumcrk' ... alues de-I:'eloped through re;c.arCD dOD': by
Cooperali ... "'!' Extms;on, University of California, a.'1d oll1e~ which ,,-,re aC;.:'cpUlbk ior
the PllIP'-;:r;.e<; of the u.~d.sc3~ Sundards.
Local Annual Mean Pnripit3tion:
lli average amount cf rain per year b~ on an avernge ofaDnlltll rainfail o .... er a 3i)..
year pericd, in in;:hcs. The 3D-year 2o;:cragt. for Palo Arto may be obtained !rem.:
Department of Uti] i Lies,. Resource Cor.servatio{!
250 HhlTInum Avenue
Palo AHa, CA 94301.
Maximum wale! al:Dwanre:
Fordesign purposes, the :.!pper limit of annual water use for the established landscaped
area which may be SLipplled through City water meters as spccilled by t~e formula in
SectionN.
Plant Wale!' Re,quirement:
Ac estimate of the amcunl of ;,vater required to m2inla~n an a~plable d:::gree of
health and "'igor in the planting or group of plants irrigated by one vaive,
Reference Evapotranspiration (ET 0):
A standard measurement of environmental parameters whicb affe..::t the waler use
of plants. ETo is measured in inches per day, man!]). or year and is deri','ed from
measuremeots of e\'apotranspiration from a test plot of four to $Cven·inch Lail t:!rf
in an open fi~ld Ihat is well water'.xi,
To<al Water Use:
The:::sum ofwat.er from the City metcred water supply and also from effective.
precipitation estimato.1 !o be used for II !andsclpc,
IV. Calculation of Maximum 'Yater Allowance
A:. Maximum Waf'!r Allowance
A Maximum \VaLer Al!ow.ance (M\VA) will be established for each site ~ubmi!ted for
revievv:
Where:
MWA= (ETa) x .8 II: (LA.) x 0.00083
1fV.!A:::. Maximum Wak:r A1lowa[Jce if: CCF
ETo = Ann<.Lal Reference E"'afX)uanspiratior:J in inches f()J Pa!o .. A..H0
0.8= Local ET ad justmer.1 factor
U. = Landscaped area in S<.:juarc feel
0.00)83 =-Conversion fa..:lOr into CCF per square foot
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]\,ffilA = 43.1 x .8 x 43560 x 0.[.0)83
MVlA = 124<i.6 CCF anm.oal 'lr1iler a:1owanr.e
'Tbe-z...fWAwill be: iLemized on a LaOO9:ape Water Use S~lemenl ferm provhltd by
the: City. See Appendix 1 for OJ ~mple form.
Note: For the purposes of these ~landards., L'1e annual ET 0 fOf: PaJo Alto may be
ronsidered iO be 43.1 :nche~/s.q uare fooVyear. Usi!lg retil-time ITo dats for inigatk-n
management after plant ins!.BI I.alion. e.g.,frmn lbe California Irrigalion Management
Information System (CIMIS). or other sitc-specific, eb-:tronically monitorro, ET 0
calculation system is encouraged.
B. Effec::tlve Predpila!ion
It is undersUXX! that rainfall may provide some or all of a landscape's water
requirements during some winter months ill Palo Alto's dimate zone. At the
option of" the landscape .:uchilect or irrigation designer, tands..:ape water use
calculations may include t.;p to 25% cithe locaj annual rne.an precipllation. Thts
percentage shall be referred to as "effective predpitaljon.·
All provisions of Section 'VII, Water Use ~'Ionitoring, shall apply to the
metered waler use of !andSCllpe wala accounts. whether e(f~ti\'c: precipitation is
included tn the landsc3pe water use calculations or 1]ot
v. Requicements Cor Landscape Plans
A Plan.tingp~.i~
~! Phm Sd~ct,on .and Gfouping
i. Ar.y piaots may be t:.~ in the lamlscape, prrn.-K:led the
total metered ware. use dQll!S rot exceed {he ma,,[ml!m landscape
water allowar.c:e plus allowable effective precipitation and that the
plants meet the specific.atioru. set forth L.1. Stxti005 ii. and iii. below.
Table 1 in Appcndi-x 3 prm:ides values which may be !.l5ed to
den 'Ie esti mated' waler use for varia u.s Iypes of landscaped areAS.
ti. Plants having similai water u.<-.e shall be grouped kJgelht':,
in d isti oct hydrozones.
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iii, Plants shall be $Clec~ dppropria(,;,:ly based upon their
adaptability!O lhe climatic, geolog~c, and lopo!p~phjcal
conditio.iS of the site. mtedion and presen;;l',iQf] of nalive
spe',c ies and nat ural areas j~ encollJagoo.
lV. 1be plant r;st:.b!ishmenl period is ccrJ:$id~re.d 10 be 18 months
fOf the purposes of these standar~. landscapes mr.), fP-quire morc
irrigation than the maximWT1 W:lter a!lowance during th: first 18
months after planting.
Water Features
i. Waler needed to fijJ and maintain revels in water features shall
be calculated in CC'F and incruded ;is par! of the m3J(imum
landscape v..'ater aUowanc:e.
n. Fountains or olh·er tyr:s of decr..:rative wa rer
bcdies where water t--, sprayed into the air are discouraged.
"lVUsting:" will nC,1 oc anowcd'. Ally wa ter feature subm i ned
for reviev.· shatl bede...:igned to minimizr. evaporation.
iii. Recirculating walCT shall be used for any 'n"'dter feature.
iv. uS('. ofro;::T?l.imed water fvf fountains and water feo.otures
is encouraged. Reclaimed water used.in this way need not
be included in {'Skulation of the maximum landscape
willer allowance.
Y. Refilling of all fountains and/or other types of decorative
water bodies with potable water may be prohibited during a
City-Ca und t -declared water emergency.
i. Fer projects with.a hr,dsc2pcd area gre.ater than 44,()(X)
square feet. a basic soil cnemist!) an~lysis or horticulturd
suitability analysis from a la!xJralory special:l:ing in rand-
scape selis is required. The soi! analysis shall be made for
approve.d projects after rough grading is completed. if wil is
imported for use in tbe landscaped area, ac analysis shall be
submilted from each different source of origin of that filJ material.
Samples wiiJ be 5:'le{;1ed for analysis from each different soil type
area of the proje,c t.
Final inspections of the project will not be completed
without receipt of the soils test re-pnrt.
ii. Soil will be amended according La the soils tcsi report
reco mmendat ions.
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Documl!nLs to roe s~_'t!.!..:.'l_i.tle.:j for Pl2!1liJ1g Plan review
State-men! of Des:gn fntent
Each tandscape phn submiiled fOi review shaH be accvm[.ltlr,jed by
a Stalemeol of Design Intent. ThLo;; 5lfiicment sh .. ri caroL,>! of 1) a
brief sl:3U':mcnt of the design CO!1CCpL and description of the
projecl a! maturity, 2) a dc:scriptian of the irrigation of ihc pro
~ project des....,jbing bow the system conforms to Pale Alter's
migation design requirements, and 3) 2: summary of !he projected
long range maintenance of the project until maturily.
A s.<:mple Statement of Design Intent appe;;fS in Appendix 2.
!h Landscape Planting Plim
The ptanting plan shaH be dr3'\4'!1 or::; prC:jecl base s.heets at a scale
lhbl accurately and c!~mry identifies:
i. All hydrawnes.
ii. Landscape materials, trees, s-hrubs. groundccver, turf, and
other \lcgetation. Planting symbols shall be ciearly drawn and
plants labeled by botanical name, common name. ccnwiner size,
!:pacing, and quantities of e.ach group of prants indicaled.
iii. Property lines and sU'eet names.
iv. Streets, driveways, walk:VI'3)''''S, and oiher paved are.as.
v. Pools, ponds.. water features. fences and retaining walls.
vi. Existing and proposed bu~ldings and structures including
etcvation, if appficabie.
vii. NaLural fealures including. but not limited to, rock
Qutcioppings, exi!:ling trees, :mri: sbrubs that will remain.
viii. Location, size, and species of existing street trees.
ji\. Spor elevations used [n making Lhe grading plan.
x. Acalculatior. aflee tala! i<:ndscaped area in square feel.
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£: Planting SJ)Ycifi<.:aliDns. 3n~ dct~jJ.~
Piar:ling spccificalions shali ir.clude del3ils of lme slaking and
pl;;mt inSLai 1::l.1 ion, soilprcparalion dc-taiis, Bf!d any olher appiica~le
planting and in...<;!a!L<:t;or. JClails. The:<.e speciflcations mlJ5t indu,je
(he fo]iowing:
A minimu.m of 2 inches a/mulch ."hail be added in nm1-rur[ areaJ
to soil surface after planting D,cept for areas pl!2l1.u:d ,..,iii! a non.
turf groWldcO'orer whi.,-h jJr.aI! have a mininwm of 1 iltch o/mulch
added La:.he s.JU surface, Vi.'\lueen, sheet pu"slic, GJ'ld other non
porous mat>'!riaI shall /Wi be placed under the mulch. Porous
wceJ-barrier fahrit:s art! acrep!al:J/e.
Grading Design flan
Grading design plai1S satisfYlng the following CO!"tci'iiions shall be subm iUed
with the doc:umcn!S for landscape review:
1. A grading de.sigil pl3ll shali be drawn on project b(k~ sheets on the same
~ale Cl'S the landscape plan.ing plan. It should be s.ep:u:?.te from, bu.t usc
Lr:te same format as, the landscape plaming plan.
2. The grading design plan sha!l indicate finished e<mfigura!ions and eleva
tions o[ the landscaped area, including tbe height of grade.d slopes. drain
age patterns, pad eTeva:ions. and finish grade.
Irrigation Design Plan
.L. lITigation Design rlan Requirements
A maximum water allowance shall he es'.ab\\~be,d fm new
projects.
See tbt" Landscape Wakr Use Statemt>lJ.t. in Appendix 1.
~ Unlfie<l Plumbing Code
Specifications for irrigation systems shall e;'Jsurc that all
requircme!Jts of Ihe adopted unified plumbing code are mel
£.. Water ~'fe!ers
A sep3rale w",ter meter shali be ins\all;:d Lo irrigate eden ap
proved landS('1lr.e. This meter shail be designaled as. an irrigation
account ~nd DO other utililies will be billed on such accounls.
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Backfl(lw PrevC'n!'{ln
The irriaalion systc.m sh,di be Sf;panHed from the Cit)' of Pa:o AIto
water supply by 2: backtlow pr.eo,.'enrion de .... ice or devi<'.es approve-d
~y the Cay Ulilities Dcpartm~nt. For.a list of app~o..-ed dco,.'!ces:
CO(Jlacl;
Cn..--ss Connection 0 ffiee r
Depart'1'.ent of Ulili~ies
Field Operations {415)496-6972
Written requests may be m:u1e t:l:
Cross Conl'lect!cn Off:.cer
Department of UtililieslFitld Operations
City of Palo ArlO
P.O. Bo~ 10250
PalCl Alto, CA 94303.
Soil·Water Relationsh.ips.
Soil types an<1 infiltration rates shan be considered when designing
irrigation syslems. Al] irrigalion s)stems d~al1 be deslgn~ to
avoid runoff, low head drain age, overspra y, or other sim ilar
cor.dilions wbere water (10 .... '5 onto adjac-:,nt propc.rty, non-irrigated
areas, wanes, roadways, Of Struclures. Propet irrigation e9uiprnent
sball be used to closely malch application rales to infiltratIOn rales
thereby minirnizi ng runoff and overspra y.
!:. Irrigation Zones
frrigation zonc::s shall have the fo(1owing cbancteristics:
i. All p:ants shall have approximately similar water require-
ments.
ii. !mg.:lIion zones shall encompass only Gne microclimate.
iii. All application devi.c.es shall bave 1!1.:3(chcd precipilalino and
dis:ribution uniiQrrniiy.
E.:. Irrigation Equipment
lrrigation system corrpone.nts shan he selected GJ1 the basis thai
they are appropria~ for the task.. Criteria shall include perfor
mance, ea.or,.e of maintenance, and pu.blic safety.
J.JI sprinklers fot turf (mjcf~prals. sprayheads, rolors,etc.) shall
have spring rer.rac~ed POP-iJP operation with flexible connections to
piping. Sprinklers shail be selected and' spaced for maximum
distribution uniformity. 1\'0 overhead sprinkler irrigation sys
tems .shall be instaJled in areas less than eight (8) feet
wide.
8
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Ali bllbbkiS ~hailloe pres::i1JJc C'ompens3!ing. 9I.2-bbJ.r::n. exceA:.di::.g
.33 gpm sha!1 be u...<;.ed only in pJiilnli!"lg basins with p:::nnanem
basin walls LO pre-..er,t nlnoH {i.e., tree wdl:; ill hards.cape areas,
p tM len;, con La I ne rs, e lC.)
Drip SX'~Lems
DIlp systems sball be designed te provide waler uniformly to tbe
area of a mature rootz0ne. Drip systems shall use PVC lateral
piping below grade for primary distribuliol! of water to emilters or
groups of emiHers. &---Wildary distrlbulion Jines may be Df other
materials.
ElectdS"n.ConlfOl Valves rECVs}
At E!lch ECV, there shall be a pressure gauge varve (Schrader
Vah·e) for measuring zone pre&o;ure during operation. This valve
m~y be an integral pa.1 of the ECV or it may be "tapped" into a
PVC filting dOIWDstrl'!am of the feV outlel
1.: Irrigation Controllers
EJr-ctranic wnlIoJler!'-shall be regiJhe-d for aU projecl .... They shall
be capable of m~naging all aspe.cts of th~ irrigation sysl~m design.
Minimurp controller requiremej'Jts are a<; follows:
.. Preci.o;e individual station timing.
ii. Runtime capabilities for eXf_rcmes in precipitatioG rates.
iii. At least one program for each hydmzDne and microclimate.
'V. SufficicD! multipie cycles L;) :wcid runoff.
v. E~t.:::nd".d G<fy caTendar for deep-fooled planK
vi. Power faiiure backup far all pi0grams.
!I!.:. AIlli-Drllin Var~'es
Tbe irrigation system shall be designed to prevent gra\-[ty drainage
of water through applica;IQn devices. Two ;,mti-.jrain vah'cs which
are a· ... aiiahle are in-line check ,,'alvcs for lateral piping, or in-head
check vah·c...<; to prevcl}t low head draina£e.
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Ra!n. __ ~~sing J)evict!S
lrrigatIon S) ",,:ms shall ~ equipped \\,'itn rain sensing device.<. 10
prevent iiTigatio[] during rainy weather, S0il moisture s~n50rs sbli
nut be used as rain sensing de .... ices.
£.:. Tree IrrigRtion.
Trees i!"; mixed planling areas of shrubs and/or ground covers shaU
have an additional mean;; of irrigali~lD for det:p walering (i.e. drip
or bubble~) which shall be separale from all other circl..Iits .a~d
ser."ed by sepMa te ""S 1 lies..
Trees may not be pJar.:ted in turi unless surrounded by a mulched
area of a diameter equal 10 the diamett:r of the projected median
tife crown drip tice.
Irrigation System Managemenl
IrrigatioD mar.asernenl practic.es shan consist of efficient scheduling.
system inspections, a;ld maintenance.
!:. lITigation O~r.ation
Irrigation shall be scheduted according to any emerg(";[l.c),
water use ordinance in effecL
1h btab] ishm en t Period
The plant establishment period shaH be considered to be
18 months.
\lw'henevei poss.ibJe, irrigation managemenl shaH incorporale tb~
use of real·time ETc data from the C.alifomia Irrig3t:on Manage
ment Information Syslem (CLMIS). cr other site-speci1ic, dec
tronicatly monitored, ETo calculaling sys.lem.
fL Irrigation System inspection:.
The irrigation system ~hould be: in:~pectf'.d afler each mowing for
turf a.reas and bi.monthJ!' in oth~r areas for the life of the system.
This 'wcl-check' inspection ccnsisl.S of Dpe.rating the varves a:ld
observing the pelformance of each irrig&li::m zone.
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h Irrigation SV:>lem Ma:nlemmC'e
The irrieation system should be kept cle;]rl Bnd propcll.y adj ..... s\cd.
Damaged equii,menl should be repairc.1 promp~l) wilh identiC2l
c:quipr.1ent 10 maintain the original design lntegrit)'.
Irrigation Efficicrlcy
IIriga~lOn s)~lem~ shalt be de;slgncd, o:mstn.!clcd, m:.nJged, anJ main·
lained to a<:hlelle as high <Ie overall efflciel",cy a.'i ]A15sih!e !:-ng:ati'-'D
e(ficlency (IE):s c~]culJled as follows'
IE = Design Efficiency (DE) J[ Management Efficiency (;\1E)
~ Design Efficiency
DE is ba..~ on equipment perfonnance a~d design f3clors. Table 2
in Appendix 3 Iis.ts efficiencies which arC acceptable for the
p'ilrpost: of conforming with tbcs<:: standards.
2.:. Management Efficie'lc::J:
ME is based on .';cheduling procwurcs and maintenance practices.
The management efficiency sball be a&<,umed la be 70% with the
u..'<e of mO[Jlbl)' irrigati(1D scncdu!eo;;;, in.spection of turf are-as after
m~wi~~, bi-monthly ooo •. turf u:rigalio~ ~ystem ins.pecti~ns.,
c.ontrOllors tumed eft dunng ralny periods, and appropnale, system
maintenance. The management efficiency may be increased bf
adding automated scheduling equipment and flow sen.sing conlrot
system~ as described below io the above requirements.
The City will not consider & lower manageme-ntefficiency percent
age in the calculation of mniml.lm water requ1rcmetits. If iT'_~pec·
tien :md maintenamce He ncgloclt:d, the (, .... ~rail efficiency of the
system will decrease O'ler lime. The result is Likely to be lxreas.e.j
costs, ei!her in repl<!cing plan! materials or in exce.';.:;. water use, or
both.
With the additiofl31 ir.slalJal!On of aut0m<ltic scheduimg equip
ment., manageme!ll efficiency shall be 3S$umed to be increa.<;e.d by
10%. Automated sc'tle-duJing equipmcl'"Jllncludes Central Com
puler Control ulilizing an ET 0 weather station (CI\HS) or soil
moi:<:[:.lre sensors. U,">e of soil mois.ture s.t;ilsors musl meet the
following cor.ditio:1s:
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i. The irrigatirm base scbedille shall be use,d as [! n:iercnce for
moisture &.:nsor .5.eLtings.
ii. There shall be a minimum of one sensor for t:<lch hydromoe
and/or mic:-ociim.a!e. One sensor per irrigation zone is er.cour·
.ge<l.
iiI. The wil moiMuII:: se[l~ing s.yslem shall be designed.so that
adjustments can be mli.de from.! central ::-.antro! un~1 at the control·
leI. Field adjustments ~hali not be requiJ-ed.
iv. ~n.s(x'S shall be monitored on a we.e};::!y basis.
!. Fkr'\¥ Sensing Q:lntro! Syslem
With the installation ofa flow sensing control sysLem ill addition
to the basic practi~ itemized in Se<:tion b. above, manage.
rnenr efficiency shall be assumed to be increased by 10% when th::
fOllowing conditions are met:
i. A ffi35ler electric cmllml valve shall be installed jusl down-
stream of the backflow device.
it. Th( flow sensing centrol system shall include a flow sensor
ami: an integral irrigation c.a.ctrolier iht:.t can moni!or station GPM
for overflows, underflows and mainline breaks.
iii. The controller shall be C3plibl~ of shutting off 1) malfunc.
tioning individual st.1tlOG5 wiihout dllirupting the remain[ng prco
gram and 2) the master \la).."e in the event of a mainline or valve
faLlure dc)wrlSlrealn.
~-=-Documents to be: suhmiu.e.d for IrrigaLion Plan Review
!:. Water Use Sta!eme:r.t
A landscape water usc statemenl in the f,:mu which appear;:; in.
Appendix 1 shail be: subrnitlcd with the plans for ever)' project.
This landscape water use statement defines the nuodmum
landscape water aJlowancr fur each site. Therefore it should
be completed before final planting: or irrigation design.'ii are
developed.
Copies of this form are available fram It.e Cit)';
Dept. of Planning and Community Environment
250 Hamit!cr:: A\'e.
Palo AJto, CA 94301
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Drawings shaH be Ihe s<.me scale as tht: 1~I1d'scape planting pfan
and shall accurately and clear:y identify:
i. L.IX"',ation and siu of the ];mdx:ape wa~er meLer_
ii. Mirlimum stalk: pressure .. llhe point of connectic:a, The
Ilominal system static PfGSS'Uft:: [[;IT each of the Palo Alto water
service areas is. available from the Palo Alto Water TransmiS5inr..
Supervisor al:
Department of UtUities
Water·Ga.s-Wa.stewaler/~{unlcipal Ser.:[ce,s Center
no! 6. Bayshore Blvd.
Palo Alto, CA 94303
ji,. Locati(lll, type, and size of all components Df the irrigation
system, inCluding electronic coniroJIer.;, main and ialerallines,
valves, application de""ices, rain shulofi sensors, flow sensors,.roB
mDisture sensor.>, booster pumps I10d backf10w pr~\fention devices.
i.... Statioo/Zone number, valve size, flow rate (GPl\1). and
operaling pr~1.lre for f'~ iITIgation zone,
v. S?Jt elevations used in making the grading plan.
vi. Details of assembly aM installation.
£:. Irriga!ioo Specifications and Details
Speciflcstions shall prescribe quality of mareriats, standards of
workmanship, cJl:pecled results, and gua:-an!ees and include details
as required.
A summary of the information used 10 determine landscape waler
requirements and liTlgation efficiency shail be submitted in.a form
similar {o lh~ Water Use Calculations sheet in Appendix 3, The
City requires documentation of the values 'Used to de'lermim: tb;:
total estim<lted irrigation requirement. Documc:ntation in other
formats which provide substantially the same information and
which &re de-arly itemized and w[1cise may be swbmitied for
re\o'lcw.
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VI. Alternative Equipment or Design
VII.
The City re~lizes that more arrd more fe<iCarch is being ccnducled on pLIO: water neP...d.s,
in mix-...d plantings as well as for individual spc..:ies. As Ih[s data becomes a ... aiiabie and is
3CO!1?t.ed by landsc3pc professionals, more detailed data may be availabie lhan thai item
ized In Table I, Appo::"ndix 3. Toe City wiil ac.cep' altem~ljve rncti'loooiogics for calculal
ing plant waLer needs as long as the methodology has been endorsed and accepted hy
appropriate dC-.:idemic and professional organiutions.
Aiso, new and increasingly effident irrigation equipment is being designed and manufac
tured. IrrigatiGn designers may submit ~t daLa to support diffe[e~t efficiencies for
inigation application deviet:s other than those listed in Tab!e 2, Appendix 3. Accep!ahle
lest data will include, at 2 minimum, results based on rt-eltl testing, net bench lesting.
endorsed and ~ pted by appropria te profess iunals.
Waler Use l\ionito.-ing
A. Landscape waler use wlU be monitored on an annual basis for romparison tu the
:r..f'.,\rA,. All irrigation accounts which have been established as a result of an appro,,-oj
landscape plan wi!! be subject to ann..w review by the Department of lhi:ities.
1. Water use Wlll be based on utility reoxds of the water me-leT installed as the
irrigation meter foc each tandscape.
2 The first IS months after planting will be mru;idered as the establishment
periOO fur the ~ plant ma!erials.
3. Irrigation walet use wi!! oof be cnrnparoo 10 the MWA for that landscape untii
12 months after the 18-mooth establi...<;hment period.
B. 1'hc-Department of Uti I i ties wili detenn!' Of; whether d,e irrigation acco-"HH water usage
io; lower th~n 0" equ':il to th~ MW.A, or greater than the MWA established for that
iaOOscapc.
1. If the irrigation account w~1a lB! is lower than or e(juaI to lhe MWI\., the
randscape sha!l be designated Iri 8 water-cffic1em land.scape.
a. Tne property O\l,;m:r, or pMt] responsibk for utilities payment,. as
appropria~, v.ill be presented with a Waicr-Efiicient La.'ld..<;eape
award. The landsc1pe will th~r:J be eligible for display of a notice or
sign from the Dt:partmetll of Utilities rega:d!rJg its status.
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b. A copy of the Water-Efficienl Landscape 3\'>'ard will abo be :s.c:nt or
pn;scnle.:! to the Landscape Architect and/or Irrigation Deiigncr
responsible fOf 1he plant selection and irrigation design.
c.. 1OeWatcr-Efficienl Land.o;capc status wi:l r~mJin in effect a.<; bng as
the irrigation water use. remain.c; lower than or equ.:;1 to u!..te ~1\VA
lfthe irrigation acccLlIlI waLer lL"ie l:: ~icr tha..1: t..~ M,VA the la.!"~d'iCape5hall
have a landscape LLiiga lion audit
At. a millirnwn, the audil Sh3!l be in accordance w~;h the Ca!ifornia
Landscape Water Management Pr.,:,grarn as deo;cribeci in the Landscape
lrrigation Auciltor Ha.i1dlxlOk., the t'tltire document ,",hien !5 bcrl:by
iIx:orp~Rated by reference. Sce~ ~pe irrigalicn Audi tor Ham·
beck. Depl of Water Resources, Water Conserva!ioo OffIce, Jwx:
1990, version 5.5.
b. The audit report shall be delivered to ilie Departrr..eilt of U!iiilies ~ithin
90 days of ootificaticn of excess water 'Jse.
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APPENDIX 1 ::)
Landscape Water Use D~.-tteat~m~ntl
Apphcant________________ =I
Address of Project _______________________ _
Project Name _, __________________________ _
Total Landscaped Area (No. of!Gure fe::l.)
-----
Maximum Water Allowance:
Maximum water l'SC ior projects in Palo .Alto is baseJ on the formula below.
AnnuaJ ETo is 43,] inches per ye-ar. The ET adjustmo:r.1 factar:s 0.8.
The number ,00083 converts inches per year into ce!='.
43.1 x 0.8 , • ,OOOSJ = CCF
(Adj. Fa.:tor) ~-4.,·:-a) (Con~'ersion (AruwaJ -1
to CCF) Tot~l) ~---------Landscape Water Requirements: ----
Enter the landsc.ape wate-f requHed,e.g, ftom a ~ atcr use -cdicula:.ol1s [,1rm. II
The eslimated applied water use may noL exceed the Maximum \\'atcr Allowance.
I
Estimated Landsc..:lpe Irrigation 'Vater Required: CCF
Estimated Non-irrigation Landscape Water Required:' _____ C'CF
Estimate.d Applied Water Use: ____ CCF
Certlfic~tjo;""-1
I t.:.ertify t.h(j;t this landscape plan has ocerl developed (lccordillg to the Landscape Water
Efficiency Ordinance oflhe City ofF'alo Alto ,HId lh<lt this staterneOl represents the
landscape ...... ater OI! lowance and estimated water requirements of Ihis project.
Name of Landscape Arch ite.ct or Irriga1ion DesIgner
Signature I .---==~ ___ J
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APPENDIX 2
SAMPLE ST ATE:VlENT OF DESIGN L'rTENT
Project: (fiE in project name, e.g. "Shady ACT"e5 Homesi:cs")
Address:: (10 be filkd in)
1. Statement of AesL'lctk: and FUnd ionaJ Vision and DescriptiO!] of Landscape at Maturity.
Shady Acres Homesite:) is a planned forty • .five home deve.lopmt'nL Cclm[XEed largely of oak:
woodland. cons~ting nfCoao::l U .... e Oaks {Quercus agrifolia) and vestiges of former coastal
prairie (primarily native C'll [forni. bunch gr=s~ !his area has been Ioe,ged and grazed during
the rast one hundred ye.ars.. Ti1e gool of the tand'iCape planting, propcsed in this Plan i:s to
integr.ne the landscape with the existingO'\k wocrlland and ,\rith the existing vestiges nf prairie
300 grasslands. At mat .. rity the lamIsCli pe wi II consist largely of northern Cal [fomia plants that
grow f'lJltU!'3!1y in oak woodlands of :...iis type, and ii OJmb4'1al;On of exotic maLerials, an of
which have iow m<iinteoanc:e and Jow water-use characteri. .. ti(!5. ~fateriaIs wlll be ;e mix of
dcc.iduous and evergreen pian. The burk: of the colorful aspects of the Jandscape will have
to do with sea'iC0:a! color. seasonal flowering, and use ofva.riegatro l~f fomlS in lieu of high
mainlella:nce flower plantings.
2. Statement Related ti) Planti og and Irrigation Systems.
Site pianpJng has ii1duded m:uking the specifIC locations of oaks more than s[~ roches in
diameter (five foot diameter b..--ea.<.i height). Prior to wstallatiolJ of new planling and irriga!i'Jn
syst~ms, certain oa.1o;;s have been tagged for trallspl.anting, and these oaks v.'iil be transplanted
and irrigated during grading operations to allow for a long ptrioo of estabJ ishment.
The plant materiaLs to be: used have been chosen for waler-conservmg and reduca:i-mainte
nance characteristia. Plantings wit! be done in container s~ thai are commonly available
through nurseries and mal are optimum for future plant gru\\1h. Nursery OO!lta!ner sizes wul
vary from one-gallon La fiftecn-gal!;:)o sizes, with the e,''(ceplion of water -conserving tall fescue
turf which will be installed in park. areas and {runt yard areas designated fOf turf through
hydroseeding, Ground rover wiU no! be plar-led from fla'.s, but rather from one-gal1on size
..:;a:1S in order that the plan!.:;. may be irrigated by a drip sy~t('m. NI ground cover, shrub, and
tree area. .. will receive two inchcs {Z") of one-t<ilf size fir bmk mulch,
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The irrig.1ltion sys tern for the project I •• :j i! be E'utomal~ through lhr: use of a 'Series. cf eI ecU'J:Y.I-ic
LligatioD conlrclkrs. Irrfg,Hion valve circuits will be pr~'TIarii)' far drip irrigation, e;.:('--tpl for
lhcse areas where lurf is used. J n sm an tu:f areas, k:Jw predpi~lion sprn j' he..3ds wi U be usoj,
and in tar~ hlrf areas, such as the parks, low preeipil.alion:-aLe roWr heads wul be used,
Sdectlon of specific irrigation cquipm~nt wiiJ a.llow for pressure compens.ation wr..ere needed,
tn-line or ia-head check valva; to prevem 10w head draUlage, and specific arc designdIKm.:;; t"')
prevent overspray onlo ,sidewalks, SLruc!Ures, or fe~ adj~! 10 irrigated ~.
3. Projected Long-Range Matote.."'.Iance of:he Projo...:t until Maturity.
The landscaped areas are de:sig:lCd to have a 'n.atural' appear.:>llCe at maturity. Beca'll."iC materi
al'" were selected for their water ronsen.ing and m in~'T1 31 mai:1tena.;ce q ualiti{1i, the primary
goa! ofmaiol~ al maturity wi!l be 1c keep!aIge tu.rfareas in parks, and smail turf areas
near ra:ider.tCeS, 'w'ell msmtained. A.s tall fescue turf is to be used, it !5 projected that at mat\.:!·
lily irrigation application raLes wiJl be great1y diminished and ircigatioo coctro!len; ..... ill oc u.'ied
that give the optioo for mg durations between. watering cycles. Pia!l ting notes and subse
quent Mairu.enance Guidelines will dira:t the landscape maintenance CL"Iluaclor 10 remo-,.°c L'1e
first row of ground cover adjacent to walkways after the first ye:ar of growth. This ",om elimi
oale the oeed 10 shear or edge ground cover plantings, since the rema tn.i ng pi ants will gI"O\\'-La
mamresize without impacting pedestrian activily on LlJe sidewalk. The same is true for shru~
which Will be planted at spadngs that will precrude the need for sbea:ing.
As maierials have been. mixed to create a 'poly-cultural' landscape and because malerials
resistant to oak root n1fl_gus (Armillaria .~pp,) will be used, it is ar.ticipated that there wili be 00
need for additicn:i1 spraying for-insects Of diseases at maturity. A pre-emergeot herbicide will
be; specified in ground ccver and shrub planting areas initially, and m ... khes will be used in 2ll
bare areas for the life of the pmject and until such time as ground COVl'TS and shruh; have
!l3!urally formed C2nOpies O\'Cl the gw .. md_ Therefore., Lhe use of herbicides is not predicled
beyond the first one Ir; two years, and then only in sc:!ecied areas where mcchanir;al cultivation
w(;uld create more problems than it would sol \Ie.
In general, it is predicted that lhe m2.ture landscape will need virtually no pelro-chemical
support Also, mC6l Qf the work: to be done on the site can be done by hand tools, rather than
through mechanieaI tools, which will eliminate the disturbing side effect cf me noise from
.PO"""'ef eq u ipmenL
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APPENDIX 3
L
\Valer lise Calcul~lio"",
11le Ci lj' req ~ ires doc"WTIertLalioo of the values J.JSed. in detf:rrn (Ding the-tolal esti m3.te.d land
scare irrig::nicm requiremeilt for a projecL The Water Use Calculatio!ls form provide; a
convenient format for summarizing di .. 'en;e irJ"llnnation tlIld deriving those valuc:s. Landscape
ar..b:to:;lS 0{ irri£.21.ion designers may wish to use another form:3t or soft.vare 3ppjica!ion with
which they are: aL'l:3dy familiar. Other ramiats which provide substantially simuar irJorrnation
and which are clearly i!emized :-.... x! COIlCist may be subminw for xviev.',
TIx: Iand.scJpc 3iChilect 0\ irrigatlon designer may chcose whether or not to i.'1Clude efiecti\'e
precipitation in compie~{!lg the calculations, Up to 25% of local aniluai mean precipitBtion
may bt! u..c;ed,
The 3Q..year mean in Palo Alto from 1951-1980 is 14.77 i!"'r.ncs.
The 25% of1ocal mCl3D annual precipilalion L-; used incomplcling lhe plant waler requirement
formula in column (f) of the Water Use Ca1cufalions Form. 111e coiumn offers t'iw'O option'>.
Option 1 uses: reference evapotrar .. <;piration., iteD". (a). Option 2 lLo;cs the c-.alC'..Jla!ion for effective
precipitation Co cleriv:: a ~e1 ET'J value., item (s). for use in the f,')rmuia
Only one option may b-.; selected for ::,urpases of compk-ting Lie fDnTI. V.'hichcver opl~on Is
sel¢:.;ted m1.L"it be used l.ilmughout !.he -::aicuJalio1S.
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... -....
,,,",,,
[ Water Use Calculations
P....-.... ~ecl Address _________ _
Total Plar.!l!d Area (sq.ft.}
E.ff~etive Precipitation;
Ui
Datt: ---------
ETo 41J.~ ___
Cal
Total mean local precipitation (in./yearJ: 14.77 (q) (Palo Alto, 1951-1980)
Effective Prc-cipitation (qx 25~iO)' 3.~-)---
Net ETa (a -r): 394 (,)
Irrigation System Design Factors
<TN1ZON' >t.ANT Aveucc !f.:'-'.
I "'" "t.ANT .... :n I SYSTE~ ESTiHATC", I ' Z:;:+-<E wn.
0"'" Em: "Q"T _CCF I NUMB~ M.A'~loIJ. l)I.NOSCAPt; 50;" k.eQ·.'"1T:CCf T'rPE.
COE,oFlCI{"" I 4~ (bJ (e) (d) (e) (fJ (g)
I
--I ;:;;--~ r---._+----_+---~------+_~~~----_+----~-~ ~ ~ I I
----Ii ..
I i --' .... ~--
~
------•
~
" I ,
iO.
1----1-' --1---)---
/
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-----
f-------I----
To to Is
L
, • ------------;;;----1 ~ :!: ~ . . ---_. j ---~
~
"-a -= ;-
---f----
~
~
.§.
------
-------1
----,------
Average Design Effjciency:_. _imi
f',;: I ~I ~'llk~ l'.1 ,1
-.
WATER USE CALCULATIONS, continued:
~';'igation S~rtem_ Management ~~"ctice •.. -------------________ _~I
EFFICIENCY DESCRiPTION ----------------------------------" ~--. ----
70% MmJmlJm reqUirernerlts· Jrr:gatlon Base Scheduie5, Ro·)tli1:>?:
i-10%
+ 10%
Jrrigatiol"1 System Inspecti0r15, Appropriate System Mair.::cnJr"lce a.s de~
scribed iri Sectton V.C3.b
The lIse of a!Jtomated scheduling equipment and soil f'l"Ioisture s.ensors
instilled ~s described in Sl;:ction V.C.3.c. in addition to min~mum require
menu, above..
Thi: use of a fiow sensing control s)I .. tem ir1stailed as: ~ndiciJted in Section
V.Cld. i01 additicl1 to minimum requiremenn, above.
Aver:a~e Management Efficiency. ________ (n)
(Select fr~ ~flkier-,cy Column lnd enter that per.;e;1t.J.ge here.)
Ettimoted Irr;gafj"on Woter Requjrement:
lrrigation Efficiency: ~
(Aven.i;e De$j~ Effldenq, (m). t~...s ,A"l'e ...... ge Ma."l~Ee:TIen: EftkienC)',{il)}
Total Estimated Irrig.tion Requirement: _____ CCF _ (P)
(Totti P\ant Water R.egl.irement. (',(), ~",'jde(' by Irrigation Effic'l',rK'J", (0).)
I
Enter the Total Estimated IrrigatiM Req',irement from thi, page on the Landscape Water Us< S"te-I
merit. The Total Es.tirnated Irrigat~of! Rel.r,",~re~,ent may nr,t 'exceed the Ma:<.~mum Wat'!r Allowance.
2 L
... ---
,
j
'i ,
-.~
'J
TallIe 1: Landscap" Coeflk;"nts
This tabl~ ilCm!Z~ a landscape. coeffICient meLhf)(Jolngy which ts 3C-:epl<!l:'t!e hr the pLlrpa>e of con
fonning to lh~ standards." TIie mellxxt is based on Llc formula:
KL = Ks • ~ x !<,no
VV'n<:[~: KL = iarxlscape coef!i:::k-:nl
Ks = sptXies factor
KcI= densi.y factor
~c :. microcJ ima le fa,.1or
TI.e KL dcri,,-ed from this formul:l may be insencd in CtJlu.:nn (d) of I~ Waler Use Cak"Ulao"ons Sh(.~l
The PJanl ""Vater R;:quircment may Ihc:1 be. csiculated as. itcmizr...d in coiumn (D of [he sheel
Table 1: Estirrratoo 'llaiues for species, derisrcy, ar.d m~mate fa...'1ars used t:l cletermine the ~dscape
coefficierIt (KJ tor selected .... egetation types'
V09"'arion
type
Tn;es
r Species facto(
i h>gf1 ~ --+------
I
i
0.7
0.9 0.5
0.5
I 0.7 0.5
o.g C.5
low -j
I
0.2
o.
0.2
Microclimate factor
\Km~
high JVe kr.v
---t-------
1.3 1.0 05 1.0 0.5
1'.1 1,0 0.5 1.3 1.0 05
1.1 1,0 0.5 1.2 1.0 0.5
13 1.1 0.5 1.4 1.0 0.5
~ factor vi1lucs fat trees are estirnales bas&d on ~arc'" from as"k:ul!ural tree crops, wh1e
gror.Jl)(jCO'/Er estimates are based or1 Pf!?~m inary research frnalfl95 in Carnom~a
'The tree, shrub, and grO'..JIldcove.-categories risted are for landscapes that are composed solely ()( predoml
narTtJo,' 0( one of !t1ese vegelatiOO types.
2MIXed plantings are composed of two or a~ thre€ ~atlOi'l types ~.e_, where a single vegetation type does.
not preOomhate)_
~A Iovw Ksvaiue (0,6) should be assigned to wa;m-season turi, a..'1d a hf9h vaiue lC,8) [0 ~ooI-SI?asor. tuft
NOTE: II is assumed that the.-e 15 no bare sc~ sur1ace witr"1m the 1~c1scape piant.lng. Otne!W"iSl?, Kci should be
ro~ 10to~. espe6a!ly for trees a.'1d shrubs, due 10 SOIl surface E'Va,OOl"a1KH1
Reprirne<:l with permission from: Estimarif19 Water :=?eqwffHnents of Li.mdscape Plantings, o.....J1ello, Mathen.;
arrl Clark. Cooperative Extension Univers~ of Cafifornia, Oi\iisian of Agriculture and Narural ReSQ/jf"~s
Leatret21493 .
• See NQ[e, p.2.3
22
•
-
--------
Tahl" 2: i>esign Emdency
ThLs table ]L<;ts design efficiencies which are llQ'epl.able for me purpose of confomliI1g 10 lh~ Sl.an
dards.'"
1be effic.iency percentage of ~ spplicallol'l jevi~ for a Sialion or l!If]e rnay be inserted. in 0.)1 u . .:nn (h)
of the Water tJse OUculalions shceL Tna! nl,lmber .is t.her: ust.'d in Ule C3kulatioo indicated in "::fJlumn
(I) of lh~ sh~ to obtain the Zcne Water Requin:menl.
The fotloW':ng table dSSumo;: '.
2
3.
Infiltration l..ll1iformity eq~3~ disLnoution uniform ify.
Optimum and a)nsi!.~nt operating pressure.
Irrigalicn zone pre:;.c;;ure d iffererJlial maximum 10-70.
TabWil2; AVERAGE DESIGN EfflSJENCIES OF V.A.RIOUS APPUCATlON DEVICES
,lI,PPUCAnON DE'VlCE R-O.NGE AVERAGE
PERCENT PERCENT -------
A M'.J1tip,Ie Stream & Impact qotOl'S 60·60 70
A Single Strean Fk"-Ors 50-70 60
A Spray Heads 4Q-60 50
B MICro Spray - 6 Fl Radius or less 60-80 70
B MK:tO $tYay • 6 Ft Radius or more «l-GO 50
C Pressure Compen.sa1lng Bubblers 60-90 as
o Pres..<>ll"e Coo-_pen5ating Drip Em itters SO-9') 50
,A.) Syrne:trical patems, head-to-head spacing, mal:ct'.ed precipilatfOr., winds le.5s man
5mph
(8) N" pian! deflection, wind less that') 5 n1 ph.
(C) &bI:l'e~ pi&c.ed In watsmg basJos to prevent nJncft
(0) Efficier.cy drops _ age 0 e., Clogging, 00 P'O'isions foe expa."<ling root ?ones).
-Note: Alternalj\lc dati rn .. ~y be submitted for thall,l"hich is listed i.1 ei~her Table 1 or Table 2. Refer to
Section VI, p.14.
23