HomeMy WebLinkAbout0526.091, ,
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December 5, 1991
HONORABLE CITY COUNCIL
Palo Alto, California
Attention: Finance Committee
LANDSCAPING AND LIGHTING ~SSESSMENT DISTRICT
Members of the Council ~
~rt in Brief
The Lendscapinq and Lighting Act of 197.2 could be used to create an
assessment district and shift some capital improvement and ongoing
maintenance costs from the City budget to the property -r.axes of
individuals and businesses within an assessment district Qr
districts. This report addresses the concept... describes the
process, presents planned expenditures which could be inclUded in
an assessment district, provides examples from other cities, cites
a case currently before the California supreme Court, and provides
a potential timetable for establishing such a district.
In California, the most c.)rnmonly used special assessment acts, bond
acts and regulatory acts are all contained in the Streets and
Highway Code~ Part of that code is the LandscaFiJlg and Lighting
Act of 1972 which can be used for improvement or maintenance of
public open spaces, landscaping, playground equipment, lighting and
traffic signals. An assessment dist.rict is formed in order to
assess property o\llners via tl'.e tax roll for annual :maintenance
costs~, debt service costs if capital improvements are financed by
bonds, or a combination of the two. Payments would be cOllected by
the county. Assessments would not be tax: deductible on an
individual's federal income taxes.
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Two-Phase Proeess
If the city Council authorizes staff to pursue the establishment of
an assessment district, staff -would follow a t .... o-phase process.
Phase I 'iIIould be to hire an engineering firm to: 1) assist in
determining ",'hich expenditures should be included in an assessJ1'I.ent
district, 2) d~termine ho\ol' re.sidential, industrial and commercial
property owners should be 2Issessed based on benefit, and 3)
calculate appro~imately how much it would cost each category of
property owner. The: intent of Phase I .... ork is t:J provide Council
with technical data which supports an assessmen~ methodology. It
docs not inclUde obtaining public reaction or consensus on forming
an assessment district.
During Phase I, staff 'Would work closely .... ith the conSiultant to
review three options: 1) an assessment district for only mainte
nance expenses, 2) an assessment district for only capital
improvements, or 3) an assessment district for both maintenanc~
expenses and capital impravements~ Staff 'Would also revie ...... the
possibility of direct assessments for the expenditures, or the sale
of bonds to assist in making the annual assessments more level if
the ex-penditures are different in different yean:;. Staff would
return to council ~ith this information and request authority to
proceed to Phase II.
During Phase II, the City Council ~ould need to take five steps:
1) adopt a resolution initiating proceedir,gs; 2) receive an
engineer's report on the proposal to form the districti 3) adopt a
resolution of intent to fonn the district; 4) conduct a public
hearing on the engineer' 5 report after nQtifyi:r.g the affected
property owners; and 5) adopt a resol'.ltion orderinq the i:nprove
ments~ S~aff would hire a consultant to prepare the engineer's
report and furnish engineering services ino:::l'..lding preparation of
boundary mapsj preparation of benefit .zones~ formulas and rationale
for determining benefitj development of a budget; spreadinq of
assessments; prepa!:'ation of the eaSSE!ssment roll for county tax
collection: and drafting a notice to property owners~
Staff estimates that the engine~ring consultant ~ould charge up to
$20, 000 for Phase I services based upon a citYJllide assessment
district. Th~ cost of Phase II services would be deter~ined after
an asseSSffient methodology has been approv~d by th~ council. Based
on other cities~ experience, this ~ould cost between $50,000 and
$100,000.
~ote~_tial Assessment District ~_~'penditures
Staff has reviewed the 1991-92 budget, inclUding the. 1991-96
Capital Improvement Program, to determine ~hich expenditures could
conceivably be include.d in a 1972 Landscaping and Lighting Act
assessment district. Attachment A is a list of these e>cpenditures.
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"'nile staff believes all of these expenditu.res are itetls which
could be included in an assessment. dist.rict, they '\t,'ill need to be
revie·..;ed by a consultant to determine which best fit the pr-?cess.
Staff r.as intentionally pre~ented a large list to demonstrate that
there are mar,y projects and maintenance activities ... 'hich mi3Y be
finance~ by the imposition of an assessment district. cle~rly, the
final assessment district ",,'ill contain a much smaller list of
projects.
Article XIII B of trlc California State constitution reqlJ.ires that
the City's Proposition 4 (Gann) appropriations limit be adjusted
permanently whenever there is a transfer of financial responsibili
ty, in this case from Gener.al Fund support to assessment district
funding. The legisla~ure Clarified the process of determining when
such a transfer has occurred in Government Code section 7913, which
states that transfer of financial responsibility has taken place
only when the dollar amount allocated from other revenues to the
provision of such services has decreased. To the extent that there
is a maintenance of effort to fund services that are ftreasonably
related" to those moved to assessment district financing, the
City's appropriations limit need not be adjusted. In the 'Worst
case, the City's appropriations limit ~ould be permanently reduced
by the entire amount of expenditures moved to assessment district
financing in the year in '",'hich the transfer of responsibil it}'
occurs. !r. this case, the city could pursue a Gann Limit override
to imple:r;,ent t.he new Landscaping and Lighting Assessment District.
If, hOlolever, there is augmented funding for programs ...... hich are
-reasonably related" to those programs Which 2re moved to the
assessment district l there potentially would not be such a drastic
reduction in the City's appropriations limit. Current projections
sho ..... tnat the City probaoly has $) to $4 million in "room" between
its Gann Limit and appropriations subject to the Limit.
~le~om Other Cities
The City of Wats;oI".ville recently est3.blished -3 s:r.all landscaping
and lighting assessment district y..'hicn is expected to generate
approximately $127,000 annually. At their meeting of June 3, 1991 r
the watsonville Recredtion and Parks Commission adopted a recommen
dation to assess all residential property at the rate of $1_00 per
month (single family homes, each apartment unit, condominium,
mobile home) and accept the engineer'~ reco~~endation for commer
cial and industrial rates of $1.00 per unit. Commercial property
is rated as 4 units per acre and industrial at 0( units per acre.
The City of Bcrkp-Iey established c.it~ide landscaping and lighting
assessment districts in 1981-1982. Currently, two districts raise
approximately $7 million annually_ Trle lighting district raises
$1.4 million by charging residents 1.2 cents per square foot of
improved property (approximately $22 per year) ; commercial property
owners pay 4.8 cents per square foot; and industL .tal property
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owners pay 2.4 cents per square foot. Separately, a landscaping
distr iet rai$es '$5.5 rei 11 ion per ~lear by chargiT19 residential,
commercial and industria 1 property owners 6.9 cents per square
foot.
In August 1982, the City of San Pablo tormed a cit)"rtlide district
under the :Landscaping and Lighting Act. 'l'he costs for lighting are
apportioned ~mong t~e benefiting properties according to parcel's
frontage and inte~sity of stre~t lighting fronting the parcel. The
benefits derived from residential landscaping ''''<is said to be 1)
inversely proportional to proxi!!lity of the parcel to John Davis
ParJ<, and 2} dire<-tly proportional to the ml!t'lbet' of residential
units. COL1mercial landscaping 'Was separated between com.mercial
streets .... ith and without landscaped frontage. Total revenue for FY
1991-92 was estimated at $779,000.
The City of Pittsburgh established a cit}'\o'ide landscaping and
liqhting assessment district in FY 1988-89. The assessments raise
appr-oximately $2 mil] ion per year 'Ji th residents pay ing appro){i
mately 55 percent and commercial and in.:l'tstrial property owners
paying 45 percent. The benefit (and charge} received by ~ single
family residence is Uniform and provides the basis for measuring
the benefit to other land uses; the benefit of all other land uses
is tied to the ~ingle family resident. The benefits for industrial
and commercial property owners are based on area and frontage and
decrease with increasing parcel size or frontage.
The City of Pleasanton has a cityvio!? assessment district ..... hich
raises bet~een $300,000 and $400,000 per year. All ~ssessments ~re
on commercial prcper-ty based on a ct.arge per acre of frontage foot.
The City of LaVerne ~as the subject of an article in the November
1991 issue of nWestern city~~ Prior to adoption of an assessment
dh:;trict, the City put an advisory vote on the November 1990
ballot. The assessment district will generate over $1 million for
street lighting, parks and landscape maintenance to .. free up"
general funds for police t fire and other city services.
Other cities which have 1972 Landscaping and Liqh~ing Act asses~
ment districts include: Albar.y, Antioch, Clayton, Concord, El
Cerrito, Hercules, Oakland/ orinda/ Pleasant Hill, and Union citv.
Not all attempts to establish such an assessmen~ district have been
successful. In the City of Pinole, the Counci 1 stopped the process
and in the Cities 0"( Lafayette and Richmond, the process .. as
stopped by protests.
California supr __ I§!_J::!._L~.9_lJ_:I';"t Case
The California supreme Court recently accepted a case involving the
City of Orland involving two issues: 1) whether the Landscaping
and Lighting Act of 1972 allo ..... s assessments for the sole purpose of
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maintaining parks 'Without construction of any improvements, and 2)
whether a flat assessmerl.t (Jf $24 per d",el:ting unit. is a valid
a$6eSs~ent or is a special tax. The lo~er court in an unpublished
opinion held that the Landscaping and Li;hting Act authorized the
maintenance of pre-existing improvements and that the flat fee of
$24 was reasonable based on studies performed by the City. The
City of FdIo Alto has filed an amicus curiae brief in the case~
Timetable
If Council decides to prOGeed with. the formation of a 1972
Landscaping and Lighting Act assessment district, the earliest it
can be accomplishe.d is for the ~99~-94 property tax roll. 'l'he
fOr!Cation of the district might be delayed due -co any of the
following: Co· .. mcil wis~.es to place an advisory measure on the
ballot ~rior to approving the aistrict; Council involvement in the
consultant selection process; or the chosen assessment methodology
is extremely camp-lex:. T.he esti1r'.atea time required for Phases 1 and
2 are:
Action
Phase I
o Retain consultant
o Prepare report tor Council
Phase II
o Prepar~ engineers report,
hold public hearings, adopt
final resolution, send tax
calculations to County
Jleeommendatioll
Time Required
3 to 4 months
3 to 4. months
12 toO 16 months
staff recommends that Council revieW" the attached exhibit and
provide qui dance to staff as to 1) ' ... hether or not a landscap
ing/lighting assessment district should be formed; 2) the geo
graphic extent of any such district; 3) the scope of services to be
provided by the district; and 4) the need to place the matter on
the ballot.
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Respectfully submitted, .
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GORDON B. FORD
Trea$ury Manager
. rf) ;j~u-~0. "
EM'h:Y HARJU SON '
D~rector c~ce
WILCrA~~ER ----
City ~:qer
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AttachIl<.~nts: )..ttachment .'-
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Cl tywiJ;te. "rll ~int~f'
Open Spec" Meintenllnu'
Terr.\a Court. "'-{rrtenence
r rH ItrlO'Vllt r«1 H'I .. \(s)
Street "-1 nt8Nt'ie'e
SiliNllk .. lnten.nc:e
S~,....t Lighting
,.nre "'ntenance
Traffic: =ont.~ol
rOUl CPRATHlIi M.OG.ST
Projec.t$ o..rr1/lltty App.-oved:
"lt1)Ot I..,..~ t.:;
BeyL ..... Athletic:
QT01Al
Pr-oJtct. Delaytd fCW" 1 to Z fetlrs
Perk P .. ~ J:ep.irl.
'laygr«nj 'umit~NII
!IIitehil'Ll Park
Ir-rf .. tlon Syatetl Rerwwatiot'1
SUlTOTtJ.
p.-ojectl DeL.,...:I If'll2f;nlltely
GI"Mf' "Irk
'!'!mil/bsl-:ett:.!l 1.0000000000ts
lttlleti" F!eldilll RetIOV'It',:::,
P~#I'rQjeet.
Nedl., Repair
Terr.il C~t hplir
o
Ir1"lflltiO'1 5yst .. ~l to AutOMatic
!,r!ptian Syste. Mftcl!ell .. I'irw::onada
SLIITOTllol
TOTAl ~ITAl I~"T PROJC::~1S
TerAl POSS18L£ USI!! Of \.MSC»£ & lItiHTlNCi ACT
1992'-93
'3,195,1!J.C
~'6,ti5C
"',000
17"5,000
5924,000
S!ioZS,ooa
ta3?.6~[)
$I,Cl34,2S0
_,000
57,931,700
(18911!1) 1500,000
(19"301) 150,000
$550,MO
(1m!) 5100,00()
~19Hll) 116.'5,000
(19202) 1>00."" (1&806) 1500,000
1965,000
il!8(5) 1;,ZS,tlOO
,19(05) $30,000
,1'9(06) "',000
1181J,OOO
U25,OOO
"",000
.~,OOO
'500,000
S45C,OOO
Ill, '''5,00(]
IUl,076,7'OO
S;3.1~.~ i3,!i022,653
1962,4&3 S',ClHI,M7
125,000 <2S,000
&75,000 S7>.0QI}
S9?tl.lOO Sl,tl1!,71U'
.S5:: 25(l 157'E,i!13
S814,ZC 1'917~9Il7
tl.OrIS.96J S1,l40,261
'S4lloi.,OOO $4)4,000
S8. J,(jJ, 085 1lI,693,039
UC,OOO
530,000 10
5120,000
S3OO,OOO S6'5,00l
1420, DOn 1165,000
""'.000
<3<),000 lSO,OOO
'S...""S,OOO "',000
.... ,000 '5~,ooa
"'."" 125.000
'50,00(] 150,000
$15,000 57'5,000
S.',2,~,1I(l(l $'9S,OOO
19,5,3,MS 18,&58,.039
TOT.tt.
Jl0.cn.7'~
1l,1Sl!Q. rn
t" ~ j)()Q
122';. 'JOe
12,912,910
'1,655,063
Sl.~.9'Z9
$3,260,473
51,212, CIOO
"",927 ,124
5530,000
,51:l,OOO
.,.. ....
1100,000 _.000
1S65 .. 000 _.000
$',450,0(1)
S75'5,OOO
"",000
1:15 ,000
S92Il.OOO
13lS.1XIO
175,000
,,50,000
'50,000
5'550,000
lJ .. 500,O()(J
1l! .. 427,!24
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