HomeMy WebLinkAboutStaff Report 2512-5673CITY OF PALO ALTO
CITY COUNCIL
Special Meeting
Monday, June 15, 2026
Council Chambers & Hybrid
5:30 PM
Agenda Item
D.City of Palo Alto's Energy Risk Management Report for the first half of Fiscal Year 2026
(July 1, 2025 - December 31, 2025) CEQA Status – Not a Project
City Council
Staff Report
From: City Manager
Report Type: INFORMATION REPORTS
Lead Department: Administrative Services
Meeting Date: June 15, 2026
Report #:2512-5673
TITLE
City of Palo Alto's Energy Risk Management Report for the first half of Fiscal Year 2026 (July 1,
2025 - December 31, 2025) CEQA Status – Not a Project
RECOMMENDATION
This is an informational report, and no City Council action is required.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Staff continues to manage electricity and natural gas purchases in compliance with the City’s
Energy Risk Management Policies, Guidelines, and Procedures. During the first half of FY 2026,
Staff used fixed-price forward contracts, spot market purchases, diversified supply sources, and
counterparty credit monitoring to reduce exposure to market volatility, supply disruptions, and
counterparty defaults. As of December 31, 2025, the City’s fixed-price electricity purchases
were $1.44 million above market value; however, active monitoring confirms this exposure
remains within Energy Risk Management Guidelines.
These risk management actions strengthen cost stability, support reliable service delivery, and
help protect the City from sudden price increases or replacement power costs. Staff also
monitors reserve adequacy, liquidity, Expected Default Frequency, credit ratings, and market
conditions to identify emerging risks before they materially affect operations or financial
planning. Electric and Gas Supply Operations Reserves remain above FY 2026 minimum
guideline levels, providing continued capacity to absorb market, operational, and
infrastructure-related pressures. Staff identified no exceptions to the Energy Risk Management
Policies, Guidelines, or Procedures during this reporting period.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this report is to inform the Council about the status of the City’s energy
portfolio and transactions executed with energy suppliers. The City’s Energy Risk
Management Policy requires that staff report on a semi-annual basis on: 1) the City’s energy
portfolio; 2) the City’s credit and market risk profile; 3) portfolio performance; and 4) other
key market and risk information.
The City’s most recent Energy Risk Management Report covered the second half of FY2024
(January 1, 2024 – June 30, 2024). That report stated there were no exceptions to the City’s
Energy Risk Management Policies, Guidelines, or Procedures in the second half of FY2024.
Following the issuance of that report, the regular reporting cadence established under the
Energy Risk Management Policy was temporarily paused due to staffing transitions.1
To maintain transparency and provide continued oversight during this transition period,
staff reports included relevant updates regarding the City’s energy portfolio, market
conditions, portfolio performance, and associated credit and market risk exposures, which
are described below:2
Fixed-price forward electricity purchases continue to reduce exposure to hourly market
volatility by securing future supply at known prices. There were five purchase transactions from
NextEra Energy, an approved counterparty with a Master Agreement with the City. These
purchases were of minimal credit exposure.
Staff proposed the Trolley Battery Energy Storage System project with the counterparty, Aypa
Power. Although Aypa did not have a credit rating or an extensive balance sheet, the
agreement mitigated credit risk through cash or letter-of-credit collateral and payment terms
tied to available capacity. Aypa's collateral requirement was initially $20 million. Once the
project begins operating in June 2029, the collateral requirement will be $32 million throughout
the term of the agreement.
1 Energy Risk Management Report for the second half of Fiscal Year 2024; March 24, 2025; \Clerk's Office\Staff
Reports\City Council\2025\2025-03-24 Mar 24\Staff Report 2411-3789
2 Resolution 10204; Transact Electric Supplies to Meet the City’s Electrical Loads Under Electric Master
Agreements, Under Specified Terms and Conditions During Calendar Years 2025 Through 2039, Inclusive;
December 16, 2024: \Clerk's Office\Resolutions\2024 (#10142 - 10210)\RESO 10204
Resolution 10204 increased the electric Master Agreement transaction cap from $50 million
to $75 million because supplier transaction volumes had approached the prior limit and are
expected to increase over the next 12 to 15 years. This change improves procurement
flexibility while maintaining oversight in accordance with the City’s Energy Risk
Management policy.
Electricity Supplies
Hydroelectricity
Fixed-Price Forward Electricity Purchases
Gas Supplies
Counterparty Credit Risk
Electric Forward Mark-to-Market Values
Electric and Gas Supply Operations Reserves Adequacy
Exceptions to Energy Risk Management Policies, Guidelines, or Procedures
ANALYSIS
revenue as a result of these resources providing these grid stabilization services.
5
5 2022 Sustainability and Climate Action Plan; June 5, 2023;
\Clerk's Office\Staff Reports\City Council\2023\Staff Report 2303-1158
Hydroelectricity
In an average year, the City receives about 40% of its energy via hydroelectricity from the
Calaveras project in Calaveras County and the Western project in the Central Valley corridor.
The cost of hydroelectricity received from Calaveras and Western is higher in $/MWh than the
market value of electricity during on-peak hours. This cost is offset by gains during off-peak
hours, which are at no cost to the City. The Calaveras project currently incurs higher costs than
the Western project due to debt service related to the facility's construction. Once the debt is
retired in 2032, the City is expected to benefit from lower ongoing project costs and improved
value relative to prevailing electricity market prices. This will strengthen long-term rate stability
and reduce the City’s exposure to market price volatility. Calaveras also provides the City with
resource adequacy (RA) capacity and ancillary services (e.g., the ability to regulate energy
output when the electric grid needs change), which are critical for load management and
continuity of service. The values of RA capacity and ancillary services are not reflected in the
mark-to-market calculation.
Fixed-Price Forward Electricity Purchases
All fixed-priced forward contracts mark-to-market (MTM) values are tracked by City staff.
Staff track the value that would be lost due to a counterparty failing to deliver on its
Figure 1: Load and supply sources and purchases of electricity supplies for 24 months
contractual commitments, forcing the City to purchase replacement electricity in the market
to reduce the impact of financial risk exposures.
7
7 Palo Alto Municipal Code(PAMC) Section 2.30.340 – Contracts for Wholesale Utility Commodities and Services
https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/paloalto/latest/paloalto_ca/0-0-0-61721
Gas Supplies
9 The City purchases all its forecasted gas needs for the month ahead at a price based on
the published monthly spot market index price for that month. Within the month, the City’s gas
operator, EDF Trading North America LLC, who is rated Ba1 with a stable outlook by Moody’s
Credit Ratings, buys and sells gas to match the City’s daily needs if the actual daily usage is
different from the forecasted daily usage. Those daily transactions are made at an average price
based on the published daily spot market index. The monthly rate adjustment mechanism helps
mitigate the City’s exposure to natural gas price volatility and minimizes counterparty risk
exposure for the gas utility.
st, 2025, Avangrid Renewables
Holdings, Inc. and Silicon Valley Clean Energy Authority exceed the City’s maximum
recommended EDF threshold. However, because the City does not have any outstanding
transactions with these counterparties, there is no current credit exposure that would
require an exception to the Energy Risk Management Policy. The policy only applies when
the City is entering into or maintaining transactions with a counterparty whose EDF exceeds
9 Natural gas spot market purchases allow the City to procure gas at prevailing market prices, address short-term
operational needs, supply imbalances or unanticipated changes in energy demand.
the recommended limit. . Staff is monitoring Avangrid Renewables Holdings, Inc. and Silicon
Valley Clean Energy Authority’s EDF on a quarterly basis. Counterparties experiencing minor
increases in EDF, such as Powerex, BP, and SENA, will also be monitored by Staff. Staff will
continue to report findings to City Council in this semi-annual report.
st, 2025, the City’s gas counterparties
have maintained credit ratings that exceed City policy and guidelines minimums. Although the
counterparties' EDF exceed the City's preferred threshold of 0.8%, staff continue to monitor
these counterparties on an as-needed basis and, at a minimum, annually evaluate changes in
financial condition, market activity, and overall creditworthiness. Gas counterparties generally
have lower operational and financial exposures due to their ability to store gas, access liquid
replacement markets, and more readily secure alternative supply arrangements in the event of
a counterparty default. In addition, gas markets are typically less volatile and less time-
sensitive, reducing the potential impact of supply distribution or contract failure.
Table 1: Credit Risk Analysis of Approved Electric Counterparties as of 12/31/2025
Counterparty Name Credit Rating EDF Outlook Ratings Agency Issue Date
BP Energy Company Ba1 0.96 Stable Moodys 12/31/2025
Constellation Energy Generation, LLC Aa2 0.03 Stable Moodys 12/31/2025
Avangrid Renewables Holdings, Inc. Ba1 1.01 Developing Moodys 12/31/2025
NextEra Energy Baa1 0.64 Stable Moodys 12/31/2025
PacifiCorp Baa2 0.15 Stable Moodys 12/31/2025
Powerex Baa1 0.97 Stable Moodys 12/31/2025
Shell Energy North America Ba1 0.96 Stable Moodys 12/31/2025
Turlock Irrigation District AA- Stable Fitch 12/31/2025
Silicon Valley Clean Energy Authority B2 3.97 Developing Moodys 12/31/2025
Table 1: Credit Risk Analysis of Approved Gas Counterparties as of 12/31/2025
Counterparty Name Credit Rating EDF Outlook Ratings Agency Issue Date
EDF Trading North America Ba1 0.97 Stable Moodys 12/31/2025
Powerex Baa1 0.97 Stable Moodys 12/31/2025
Shell Energy North America Ba1 0.96 Stable Moodys 12/31/2025
ConocoPhillips Aa2 0.04 Stable Moodys 12/31/2025
BP Energy Company Ba1 0.96 Stable Moodys 12/31/2025
current counterparty credit exposure. Staff will continue to monitor mark-to-market values,
credit ratings, and exposure limits as part of ongoing Energy Risk Management oversight.
Reserve Levels for Electric and Gas
Table 3: Transactions and Credit Exposure of Counterparties as of 12/31/2025 (in $000's)
Counter Party Name
Cost of
Outstanding
Transactions
Market Value of
Transactions
Mark-to-
Market (MTM)
Supplier Credit
Exposure Limit
MTM < Credit
Limit?Credit Rating
SENA (1,785) (1,370) 414 30,000 Yes Ba1
BP (169) (144) 25 20,000 Yes Ba1
NextEra 7,980 6,101 (1,879)15,000 Yes Baa1
The Electric Utility’s projected FY 2026 ending reserves total $125.9 million, compared to
$127.2 million in FY 2025. Operations Reserves are projected to decrease from $46.6 million to
$41.6 million, below the FY 2026 target guideline of $49.6 million, but above the minimum
guideline of $33.3 million. Reserve levels continue to reflect financial pressures associated with
grid modernization projects, CIP expenditures, infrastructure funding needs, and temporary
cash flow demands prior to anticipated bond financing in FY 2027.
Staff continues to monitor reserve levels, cash flow impacts, and funding strategies as planned
CIP expenditures and infrastructure commitments increase operational funding demands. Staff
Table 4: Electric: Projected Reserves for Fiscal Year End 2026 as of December 31, 2025)
FY 2025 Actual FY 2026 Projected
Starting Reserves
Operations Reserves 32,219 46,581
Hydro Stabilization Reserve 17,400 18,767
Electric Special Projects Reserve 22,649 30,149
Capital Reserves 880 880
Electrification Reserve 4,500 2,037
Other 26,229 28,784
Total Starting Reserves 103,877 127,198
Revenues
Net Sales 186,620 199,175
Wholesale Revenues 44,275 45,316
Other Revenues and Transfers In 13,181 12,010
Total Revenues 244,076 256,501
Expenses
Electric Supply Purchases 115,701 134,879
Operating Expenses 72,394 84,956
Capital Expenses 40,857 35,591
Total Expenses 228,952 255,426
Ending Reserves
Operations Reserves 46,581 41,634
Hydro Stabilization Reserve 18,767 18,767
Electric Special Projects Reserve 30,149 31,169
Capital Reserves 880 5,880
Electrification Reserve 2,037 2,037
Other Reserves 28,784 26,373
Total Ending Reserves 127,198 125,860
Operations Reserve Guidelines
Minimum Guideline 28,181 33,306
Target Guideline 42,271 49,960
Maximum Guideline 56,361 66,613
Electric Supply and Distribution
completed a $5.0M transfer from the Supply Operations Reserve to the Distribution Operations
Reserve in FY 2025 and is evaluating an additional transfer of up to $5.0M in FY 2026 to support
near-term infrastructure and CIP funding needs. While these actions support operational
liquidity and service delivery, they also reduce available reserve capacity during periods of
wholesale power market volatility, lower-than-forecasted electric sales revenue, or unplanned
operational events.
The Gas Utility’s projected FY 2026 ending reserves total $19.0M, compared to $19.6M in FY
2025. Operations Reserves are projected to increase from $9.9M to $12.1M; however, the FY
2026 balance remains below the target guideline of $14.2M. Reserve levels continue to reflect
Table 5: Gas Projected Reserves for Fiscal Year End 2026 as of December 31, 2025)
FY 2025 Actual FY 2026 Projected
Starting Reserves
Operations Reserve 4,257 9,897
Supply Rate Stabilization --
Distribution Rate Stabilization -1,049
CIP Reserve -
Cap-and-Invest Reserve 13,568 15,046
Debt-Service Reserve 313 326
Other 14,776 8,281
Total Starting Reserves 32,914 34,599
Revenues
Total Revenues 60,176 79,185
Total Revenues 60,176 79,185
Expenses
Total Supply Purchases 19,159 22,084
Total Supply and Distribution Operations 17,427 19,231
Debt Service 776 802
CIP Expenses 8,176 19,499
Other 558 573
Total Expenses 46,096 62,189
Transfers
General Fund 10,918 9,735
Cap-and-Invest Reserve 1,326 3,068
Other 2,370 1,952
Total Transfers 14,614 14,755
Ending Reserves
Operations Reserve 9,897 12,139
Supply Rate Stabilization --
Distribution Rate Stabilization 1,049 2,413
CIP Reserve --
Debt-Service Reserve 326 326
Other 8,281 4,140
Total Ending Reserves 19,553 19,018
Operations Reserve Guidelines
Minimum Guideline 8,636 9,443
Target Guideline 12,953 14,164
Maximum Guideline 17,271 18,886
Gas Supply and Distribution
financial pressures associated with natural gas market volatility, capital improvement program
(CIP) expenditures, and infrastructure funding needs.
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
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