HomeMy WebLinkAboutStaff Report 2606-6455CITY OF PALO ALTO
CITY COUNCIL
Special Meeting
Monday, June 08, 2026
Council Chambers & Hybrid
5:30 PM
Agenda Item
5.Accept the City of Palo Alto Utility Reserves Advisory Report and Public Safety Staffing
and Overtime Audit as recommended by the Policy & Services Committee. CEQA Status:
Not a Project. At-Places Supplemental Report added
Item No. 5. Page 1 of 1
City Council
At-Places Supplemental Report
From: Ed Shikada, City Manager
Meeting Date: June 8, 2026
Item Number: 5
Report #:2606-6455
TITLE
Accept the City of Palo Alto Utility Reserves Advisory Report and Public Safety Staffing and
Overtime Audit as recommended by the Policy & Services Committee. CEQA Status: Not a
Project.
BACKGROUND
For Item 5 on this evening’s Consent Agenda, the utilities reserves Management Response
reviewed by the P&S Committee and recommended for Council approval was inadvertently
omitted from the packet. It is attached and provided here:
https://cityofpaloalto.primegov.com/api/compilemeetingattachmenthistory/historyattachment
/?historyId=a2608038-a719-421f-9700-e82d97347f2d
Staff anticipates presenting the topic for discussion by the Utilities Advisory Commission (UAC)
at its September meeting. Following a recommendation from the UAC, this item will be
calendared for the presentation and consideration to the Finance Committee.
ATTACHMENTS
Supplemental Attachment A: Utilities Reserves Management Response (labeled attachment B
on document)
APPROVED BY:
Ed Shikada, City Manager
ATTACHMENT B
TO: Baker Tilly
FROM: City of Palo Alto (Office of the City Manager, Administrative Services, Utilities & Public Works
Departments)
DATE: April 2, 2026
SUBJECT: Utilities Reserve Advisory Report
UTILITIES RESERVE ADVISORY REPORT
Management Response
Staff is appreciative of the work Baker Tilly has done to provide the City of Palo Alto Utility Reserves
Advisory Report (Reserves Advisory Report) that reviews the reserve policies and peer agency
benchmarks in the various enterprise funds in the Utilities and Public Works Departments. The City
Council directed staff to do a review of reserve policies as part of the FY 2026 Budget Adoption. This
advisory report provides impartial analysis of best practices and recommendations based on Baker Tilly
analysis and research.
While the City supports the intent to improve utility reserve levels, streamline reserve management and
improve reserve reporting to the City Council, City staff recommends exploring approaches that align
with existing structures and resources and that can be implemented with gradual impacts to utility rates
that are paid for by residents and businesses in Palo Alto. Any financial decision must be right sized for
the risk profile, impact to customers, and regulatory requirements. After a general review of the
recommendations to assess order of magnitude of financial impacts, staff estimate individual utility rate
increases could range from increases of approximately 2% to 8% at the low range and between 20 – 26%
at the high range of the recommendations (this assumes implementation over a five‐year period). These
increases would be significantly impactful to Palo Alto’s residents and businesses. The primary drivers of
these increases would be to achieve the reserve levels of peers described in the Reserves Advisory
Report as 10‐65% of Operating Revenue in the Rate Stabilization Reserves and 20% of 60 months of
budgeted CIP.
As such, following the Policy and Services Committee review of this Reserves Advisory Report on April
14, 2026 and City Council review to follow, staff recommend a workplan over the coming year to review
and revise reserve policies for City Council consideration with the assistance of the Utility Advisory
Commission and the Finance Committee that balance need to be attractive to private markets with
having rates that are affordable to residents and competitive for businesses while remaining within the
range of recommendations from Baker Tilly in terms of industry standards and peer comparisons.
Staff expect in advance of the FY 2028 rate setting, to prepare discussion and ultimately
recommendations on policy‐related issues including setting the target levels for utility reserves. Staff will
strive for a coordinated approach across Electric, Gas, Water, Wastewater Collection, Wastewater
Treatment, Refuse, and Stormwater Utilities. Staff review will inform the strategic direction and timing
of any changes.
ATTACHMENT B
Staff have provided more detailed responses to the specific recommendations below as well as a
summary comparison table of existing reserve policies and recommendations from Baker Tilly in Table 1.
Baker Tilly Recommendations and Responses from City Staff
1. Update Dated Policies ‐ Target Date: CY 2026 for Wastewater Treatment, CY Q2 2027 for Refuse
and Stormwater Management
City staff agrees and plans to align reserve policies across Utilities and Public Works enterprise funds as
appropriate. Public Works is currently working with an outside consultant to update the Wastewater
Treatment Fund’s reserves policy. As part of this effort, the consultant will review Baker Tilly’s
recommendations from the Reserves Advisory Report and incorporate them, as appropriate, into the
overall comprehensive approach. The Wastewater Treatment Fund is an example of a more specific
business operation as it is reflective of a regional operation with other local government partner
agencies that are all contributors and members of the services and funds.
2. Do not eliminate any of the current reserve funds in place
City staff agrees that having operations, rate stabilization and CIP Reserve funds in place makes sense
and that each of the other Utilities reserve funds are in place for specifically defined and valid purposes.
3. Clarify CIP Reserve Fund Language ‐ Target Date: CY Q2 2027
Council renamed the Calaveras Reserve to the Electric Special Projects (ESP) Reserve in 2011 (Resolution
9206) to fund projects that benefit electric ratepayers. In 2015 (Resolution 9510), Council established
guidelines for managing the ESP Reserve and those guidelines were revised by Council in 2022
(Resolution 10076) . City staff agrees an update of the council‐adopted policy on the use of ESP Reserve
funds is appropriate. Previously, the ESP reserve has been used to fund Electric’s share of the Advanced
Metering Infrastructure (~$10M) and provide seed funding to the Electrification Reserve (~$4.5M).
Future uses of the funds as well as the sunset date and full review of ESP Reserve guidelines should be
considered by Council. The City’s reserve management policies cover how the CIP Reserve is used.
4. Consider adjustment to CIP Reserve Fund Guideline Levels – Target Date: CY Q2 2027
City staff acknowledge the CIP Reserve guideline recommendations made by Baker Tilly to maintain the
CIP Reserve fund at 20% of 60 months of budgeted CIP expenses or alternatively, one‐year of
depreciation expense in the CIP reserve fund and the research used to identify like agencies and best
practices. As noted previously, staff has preliminarily evaluated the rate implications of this
recommendation for the Electric, Gas, Water and Wastewater Funds – assuming the funds are
recovered over five years, a 0% to 4% rate increase specific to each fund is estimated to be needed to
bring reserves to this level. Public Works will consider this recommendation as it brings forward the
comprehensive reserve policy recommendations for Wastewater Treatment, Refuse, and Storm Water
Funds.
As part of City staff’s recommendations that it will bring forward, the rate and bill impacts across each
utility need to be considered to find alignment with Baker Tilly’s recommendation while considering
customer affordability. This approach aligns with the GFOA recommendation mentioned by Baker Tilly
that recommends capital reserve level development should be designed to best serve the particular
needs of a given organization. In evaluating appropriate rate stabilization reserve levels, staff plans to
ATTACHMENT B
assess each utility holistically, taking into account the full suite of available reserves and overall financial
position and compliance with bond covenants, preservation of credit ratings, and affordability.
5. Adjust Rate Stabilization Reserve Policy to align with Bond Covenants –Target Date: CY Q2 2027
– CY Q2 2028
As noted in the Reserves Advisory Report, staff plans to refund the 2009 Bonds later in 2026 and a
normal payoff of the 2011 Bonds is expected in June 2026 which would eliminate the need to make a
change to these minimum guideline levels due to this Bond Covenant as reserve policies will align with
bond or loan covenants as applicable. According to the latest Ratings Affirmation from S&P on the
outstanding 2009 and 2011 bonds, Palo Alto is in compliance with the Rate and Available Reserves
Covenants.
City staff agrees with the recommendation to weigh the need for additional Rate Stabilization Reserve
fund levels, comparability to peer agencies, and the impacts to customer rates among other
considerations in order to determine an appropriate level of funding for each reserve fund. Staff will
work through these considerations depending on the individual circumstances for each reserve, staff will
consider the options available in the context of the totality of reserves for each fund.
6. Formalize Reserve Tracking – Target Date: CY Q4 2026
City Staff agrees transparency of reserve fund balances, reserve policies and guideline levels, and use of
reserves is important. Staff already provide this information about the reserve balances in the annual
budget, Annual Comprehensive Financial Report, and utility financial plans each year. Staff plans to
continue its current practices of providing this information to the City Council. Staff recommends
exception‐based reporting added to the existing quarterly financial report to Council to supplement
current transparency reporting.
The Reserves Advisory Report mentions the following observations regarding further specificity of the
flow of funds and reserve targets in the reserve policies and credit rating reserve targets. While staff
agree specificity is helpful, policies are intended to be evergreen so staff will review and include this
feedback in the recommended policy updates as appropriate. Staff agree that exploring the use of a
target or guideline levels could reduce administrative burden.
ATTACHMENT B
Table 1: Palo Alto Current and Baker Tilly Proposed Reserve Targets and Guidelines for the
Operations, CIP, and Rate Stabilization Reserves
OPERATIONS RESERVE CIP RESERVE RATE STABILIZATION RESERVE
Current
Palo Alto
Target
Proposed Baker
Tilly Target
Current Palo Alto
Guidelines
Proposed Baker
Tilly Guidelines
Current Palo Alto
Guidelines Proposed Baker Tilly Guidelines
Electric
U lity
90 days of
O&M and
Commodity
Expense
No Change Minimum: 5% of 48
months of budgeted CIP
Maximum: 25% of 48
months (12 months) of
budgeted CIP
20% of 60
months (12
months) of
budgeted CIP
Each year, the
Financial forecast must
plan for the
withdrawal of all Rate
Stabiliza on Reserve
funds within 5 years.
10 to 65% of either revenues or
expenses
Gas U lity 90 days of
O&M and
Commodity
Expense
No Change Minimum: 5% of 48
months of budgeted CIP
Maximum: 25% of 48
months of budgeted CIP
20% of 60
months of
budgeted CIP
Each year, the
Financial forecast must
plan for the
withdrawal of all Rate
Stabiliza on Reserve
funds within 5 years.
10 to 65% of either revenues or
expenses
Water U lity 90 days of
O&M and
Commodity
Expense
No Change Minimum: 5% of 48
months of budgeted CIP
Maximum: 25% of 48
months of budgeted CIP
20% of 60
months of
budgeted CIP
Each year, the
Financial forecast must
plan for the
withdrawal of all Rate
Stabiliza on Reserve
funds within 5 years.
10 to 65% of either revenues or
expenses
Wastewater
U lity
105 days of
O&M and
Commodity
Expense
No Change Minimum: 5% of 48
months of budgeted CIP
Maximum: 25% of 48
months of budgeted CIP
20% of 60
months of
budgeted CIP
Each year, the
Financial forecast must
plan for the
withdrawal of all Rate
Stabiliza on Reserve
funds within 5 years.
10 to 65% of either revenues or
expenses
Wastewater
Treatment
No
Opera ons
Reserve
Baker Tilly
views
maintaining
Opera ons
Reserve as a
best prac ce.
No CIP Reserve Baker Tilly views
maintaining CIP
Reserve as a best
prac ce.
Minimum: 15%, Target
22.5%, Maximum 30%
% of sales revenue
Baker Tilly proposes management
should consider the need for the
exis ng reserve funds. If no longer
necessary, these funds should be
closed out and the money
transferred to other funds in place.
Refuse No
Opera ons
Reserve
Baker Tilly
views
maintaining
Opera ons
Reserve as a
best prac ce.
No CIP Reserve Baker Tilly views
maintaining CIP
Reserve as a best
prac ce.
Minimum: 10%, Target
15%, Maximum 20%
% of sales revenue
Baker Tilly proposes management
should consider the need for the
exis ng reserve funds. If no longer
necessary, these funds should be
closed out and the money
transferred to other funds in place.
Stormwater No
Opera ons
Reserve
Baker Tilly
views
maintaining
Opera ons
Reserve as a
best prac ce.
No CIP Reserve Baker Tilly views
maintaining CIP
Reserve as a best
prac ce.
Target: $500,000 Baker Tilly proposes management
should consider the need for the
exis ng reserve funds. If no longer
necessary, these funds should be
closed out and the money
transferred to other funds in place.