HomeMy WebLinkAbout2026-05-13 Planning & Transportation Commission Agenda PacketPLANNING AND TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION
Regular Meeting
Wednesday, May 13, 2026
Council Chambers & Hybrid
6:00 PM
Planning and Transportation Commission meetings will be held as “hybrid” meetings with the
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Meeting ID: 916 4155 9499 Phone: 1(669)900-6833
PUBLIC COMMENTS
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CALL TO ORDER/ ROLL CALL
IN-PERSON PUBLIC COMMENT
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comments will be heard at the beginning of the agenda and remote comments will be heard at the end of the agenda.
AGENDA CHANGES, ADDITIONS AND DELETIONS
The Chair or Commission majority may modify the agenda order to improve meeting management.
CITY OFFICIAL REPORTS
1.Director's Report, Meeting Schedule, and Assignments
ACTION ITEMS
Public Comment is Permitted. Applicants/Appellant Teams: Fifteen (15) minutes, plus three (3) minutes rebuttal. All others:
Three (3) minutes per speaker.
2.Recommendation on an Ordinance Amending Various Palo Alto Municipal Code (PAMC)
Chapters in Titles 16, 18, and 21 to Address Changes in State Law and Direction from City
Council Regarding Accessory and Junior Accessory Dwelling Units. CEQA Status: Exempt
From the Provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Pursuant to
Public Resources Code Section 21080.17 and CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3).
3.Recommendation on an Ordinance Amending the Palo Alto Municipal Code (PAMC)
Section 18.40.140 (Stream Corridor Protection). CEQA Status: Exempt pursuant to CEQA
Guidelines Section 15308 (Actions for Protection of the Environment).
APPROVAL OF MINUTES
Public Comment is Permitted. Three (3) minutes per speaker.
4.Approval of Planning & Transportation Commission Draft Summary & Verbatim Minutes
of April 8, 2026
COMMISSIONER QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, ANNOUNCEMENTS OR FUTURE MEETINGS AND
AGENDAS
Members of the public may not speak to the item(s).
VIRTUAL PUBLIC COMMENT
Members of the public may speak to any item NOT on the agenda. 1-3 minutes depending on number of speakers. In-person
comments will be heard at the beginning of the agenda and remote comments will be heard at the end of the agenda.
ADJOURNMENT
OTHER INFORMATION
The materials below are provided for informational purposes, not for action or discussion during this meeting’s agenda. Written
public comments may be submitted in advance and will be provided to the Commission and availible for public inspection on the
City’s website three days before the meeting.
A.Public Comment
PUBLIC COMMENT INSTRUCTIONS
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CLICK HERE TO JOIN Meeting ID: 916 4155 9499 Phone:1-669-900-6833
Americans with Disability Act (ADA) It is the policy of the City of Palo Alto to offer its public
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Item No. 1. Page 1 of 2
Planning & Transportation Commission
Staff Report
From: Planning and Development Services Director
Lead Department: Planning and Development Services
Meeting Date: May 13, 2026
Report #: 2605-6334
TITLE
Director's Report, Meeting Schedule, and Assignments
RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that the Planning and Transportation Commission (PTC) review and
comment as appropriate.
BACKGROUND
This document includes the following items:
Upcoming PTC Agenda Items
PTC Meeting Schedule
PTC Representative to City Council (Rotational Assignments)
Commissioners are encouraged to contact Samuel Tavera (Samuel.Tavera@PaloAlto.gov) to
notify staff of any planned absences one month in advance, if possible, to ensure the
availability of a PTC quorum.
PTC Representative to City Council is a rotational assignment where the designated
commissioner represents the PTC’s affirmative and dissenting perspectives to Council
for quasijudicial and legislative matters. Representatives are encouraged to review the City
Council agendas (https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/City-Hall/City-Council/Council-Agendas-
Minutes) for the months of their respective assignments to verify if attendance is needed or
contact staff.
Prior PTC meetings are available online at https://midpenmedia.org/category/government/city-
of-palo-alto/boards-and-commissions/planning-and-transportation-commission.
UPCOMING PTC ITEMS
Item 1
Item 1 Staff Report
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Item No. 1. Page 2 of 2
May 27, 2026
CIP Annual Report
Parking Program Update & Downtown Parking Modernization Initiatives
ATTACHMENTS
AUTHOR/TITLE:
Item 1
Item 1 Staff Report
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Planning & Transportation Commission
2026 Meeting Schedule
1
1
3
6
3
2026 Schedule
Meeting Dates Time Location Status Planned Absences
1/14/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
1/28/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Cancelled
2/11/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular James
2/25/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular Chang
3/11/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Special James, Ji
3/25/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
4/8/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular James, Templeton
4/29/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
5/13/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular Hechtman
5/27/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
6/10/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular Hechtman
6/24/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
7/8/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
7/29/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
8/12/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
8/26/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
9/9/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
9/30/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
10/14/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
10/28/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
11/11/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Cancelled
11/18/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Special
11/25/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Cancelled
12/9/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
12/30/2026 6:00 PM Hybrid Cancelled
2026 Assignments - Council Representation (primary/backup)
January February March April May June
Bryna Chang Allen Akin Bart Hechtman Kevin Ji Todd James Forest Peterson
Todd James Forest Peterson Cari Templeton Bryna Chang Allen Akin Bart Hechtman
July August September October November December
Council Cari Templeton Bryna Chang Allen Akin Bart Hechtman Kevin Ji
Summer Break Kevin Ji Todd James Forest Peterson Cari Templeton Bryna Chang
Item 1
Attachment A - 2026 PTC
Schedule & Assignments
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Item No. 2. Page 1 of 9
Planning & Transportation Commission
Staff Report
From: Planning and Development Services Director
Lead Department: Planning and Development Services
Meeting Date: May 13, 2026
Report #: 2603-6064
TITLE
Recommendation on an Ordinance Amending Various Palo Alto Municipal Code (PAMC)
Chapters in Titles 16, 18, and 21 to Address Changes in State Law and Direction from City
Council Regarding Accessory and Junior Accessory Dwelling Units. CEQA Status: Exempt From
the Provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Pursuant to Public Resources
Code Section 21080.17 and CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3).
RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends the Planning and Transportation Commission (PTC) take the following
actions:
1. Receive public testimony and review the draft ordinance (Attachments A and B); and
2. Recommend that City Council adopt the draft Ordinance (Attachment A) amending
Palo Alto Municipal Code (PAMC) Title 16 (Building), Title 18 (Zoning), and Title 21
(Subdivisions and Other Divisions of Land) regulations for Accessory Dwelling Units
(ADUs) and Junior Accessory Dwelling Units (JADUs).
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
On June 2025, the City Council adopted the City’s latest ADU ordinance, which addressed
comments from the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD)
identifying conflicts between State law and the City’s previous ADU/JADU ordinance.1,2 At that
time, the City Council also directed staff to explore (1) increasing the maximum allowed size of
ADUs from 1,000 to 1,200 square feet, and (2) options to allow ADUs to be sold separately from
the primary home. Following Council’s adoption of the City’s most recent ADU/JADU ordinance,
the State legislature adopted new ADU/JADU provisions to further incentivize dwelling unit
production.
1 May 12, 2025 Council Meeting (Action Item #10):
https://cityofpaloalto.primegov.com/Portal/Meeting?meetingTemplateId=16092
2 Ordinance 5656: https://recordsportal.paloalto.gov/WebLink/DocView.aspx?id=48336&dbid=0&repo=PaloAlto
Item 2
Item 2 Staff Report
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Item No. 2. Page 2 of 9
The Draft Ordinance (clean version in Attachment A and annotated version in Attachment B)
updates the City’s regulations for consistency with relevant State law. Attachments C and D
include draft language to increase ADU size and allow for separate sale of ADUs, respectively.
BACKGROUND
5 The following components require amendments to the City’s ADU
regulations, or affect the amendment process:
Assembly Bill (AB) 1154 (effective January 1, 2026)
Senate Bill (SB) 9 (effective January 1, 2026)
SB 543 (effective January 1, 2026)
5 HCD ADU Handbook: https://www.hcd.ca.gov/sites/default/files/docs/policy-and-research/adu-handbook-
update.pdf
Item 2
Item 2 Staff Report
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Item No. 2. Page 3 of 9
e. Specifies the number of allowable ADUs described under Government Code
section 66323 per lot (Gov. Code, § 66323, subd. (a)) to allow for four accessory
dwelling units to be constructed on site.
f. Clarifies that fire sprinklers are not required for a JADU if the primary residence
does not have fire sprinklers and that the addition of a JADU cannot trigger the
requirement for fire sprinklers (Gov. Code, § 66323, subd. (d)).
g. Adds section 66333.5, which specifies that if a local agency fails to submit an
adopted JADU ordinance to HCD within the 60-day timeline or fails to respond to
HCD’s findings regarding their ordinance within the 30-day timeline, that
ordinance is null and void and the local agency must only apply State ADU Law
when processing applications for JADUs.
Past Council Direction
At the time Council adopted Ordinance 5656, the City’s most recent ADU/JADU Ordinance, they
also directed staff to investigate the feasibility of expanding the maximum allowable size for
ADUs. Under State law, the maximum allowable size for a detached ADU is 1,200 square feet
where the City’s current maximum is 1,000 square feet for a two-bedroom unit, attached or
detached. Council also directed staff to evaluate allowing ADUs to be sold separately from the
primary dwelling unit which was established in 2024 under SB 477 as an opt-in option for all
jurisdictions in California; qualified nonprofit corporations were permitted to do this under SB
477 without a jurisdiction opting-in. These items are discussed in more detail below with draft
code language provided in Attachment C.
ANALYSIS
State Law Changes
The changes required under AB 1154 and SB 9 are minimally impactful to the City’s current ADU
regulations and processes, as these are either polices currently in place or can easily be
adopted. SB 543 is impactful to how Planning staff review permits for ADU/JADUs, which is
discussed in more detail below.
Changes to Calculating Square Footage for ADU/JADUs
For projects in low-density residential development, like single family homes and ADU/JADUs,
the City’s current zoning code calculates the allowable floor area, lot coverage, and square
footage used to calculate maximum size and impact fees based on the exterior stud wall of the
structure. Generally, the purpose for calculating square footage this way was to manage the
overall size and massing of a structure. SB 543 now requires jurisdictions, for ADU/JADUs only,
to measure these areas based on interior livable space when determining maximum size and
development/school impact fee calculations.
Interior livable space is defined in Government Code Section 66313(a) as: “a space in a dwelling
intended for human habitation, including living, sleeping, eating, cooking, or sanitation.” This
definition does not include separated utility or storage areas where the space is not intended
for human habitation. State law does not address how the interior or exterior demising walls of
Item 2
Item 2 Staff Report
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Item No. 2. Page 4 of 9
the ADU/JADU should be captured or calculated against the property.7 As shown in the
examples below, this change can produce a significant difference where 750 square feet is a
trigger for paying development impact fees (500 square feet for school impact fees):
Image 1: Exterior Stud Wall Measurement (Current)
Source: ACS Architects
Image 2: Interior Livable Area Measurement
Source: Kohler Architects
7 Currently, PAMC 18.09.040(e) provides that walls shared between the primary home and attached ADUs are fully
counted towards the primary home’s FAR and lot coverage.
Item 2
Item 2 Staff Report
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Item No. 2. Page 5 of 9
Since 2020, the average unit size of ADUs has gradually increased from a range of 400 to 500
square feet to a range of 550 to 600 square feet. Changing how this square footage is counted
will likely continue this trend and may result in additional increases in total structure size. HCD
has not provided official guidance on how interior or exterior walls should be considered, but
staff believe that a reasonable interpretation of the State’s intent is to include the interior walls
towards the floor area and lot coverage for an ADU/JADU (Image 2), and so the draft ordinance
reflects this understanding and maintains a simplified calculation. When speaking with local
architects, their preference is to exclude the interior walls from the unit’s floor area and lot
coverage limits, as an incentive to ADU/JADU development. The exterior walls will not count
towards the square footage for the unit, nor to the site’s development limits.
Introducing Appeals to ADU/JADU Permits
Allowable Number of ADU/JADUs
One Attached/Conversion ADU, one Detached ADU, and one JADU to be built using
Section 66232 standards (PAMC Section 18.09.030, Table 1);
Plus one ADU built using Section 66314 standards (PAMC Section 18.09.040 Table 2).9
9 See bottom of page 18/55 in the HCD ADU Handbook
Item 2
Item 2 Staff Report
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Item No. 2. Page 6 of 9
Codifying Local Practice for Table 1 Detached ADUs
In addition to the changes detailed above, the draft ordinance includes one change to Table 1
to clarify staff’s interpretation and implementation of its provisions with respect to detached
ADUs. Because Table 1 does not include the local bonus/exemption of 800 square feet offered
in Table 2, any ADUs proposed under Table 1 are counted against the standard available FAR
and lot coverage on a site. That said, FAR and lot coverage cannot be used to constrain or deny
proposed Table 1 ADUs of up to 800 square feet. For example, if a site has 2,500 square feet of
total development potential and an existing single-family home of 2,000 square feet, an 800
square foot Table 1 ADU would “use up” any remaining development potential, limiting future
expansion of the primary home. Even though the ADU exceeds the available FAR in this
scenario, the City would still be required to permit it under State law. A homeowner could
avoid these impacts on future development potential by instead proceeding under Table 2
(including local tree protection/privacy measures), which offers the local bonus/exemption.
In a scenario involving new construction of a single-family home, however, staff have not
counted the square footage of a Table 1 detached ADU against the development potential of
the primary home, effectively allowing a homeowner to “max out” the primary home while
concurrently constructing an 800 square foot detached ADU under Table 1. The reasoning has
been that a homeowner could easily achieve this same outcome by first constructing the
primary home and then submitting a subsequent application for the ADU. Rather than subject
the homeowner and neighboring residents to this two-step process and extended construction
schedule, staff have allowed applicants to construct all dwellings simultaneously.
Previous Council Direction
Increasing ADU Maximum Size to 1,200 Square Feet
When Council adopted Ordinance 5656, they directed staff to study the feasibility of increasing
the maximum allowable size for an ADU from 1,000 square feet to 1,200 square feet in Table 2.
The City’s current regulations list a maximum ADU size of 800 square feet (PAMC Section
18.09.030, Table 1, for new detached ADUs) and 1,000 square feet (PAMC Section 18.09.040,
Table 2 for both attached and detached ADUs).11
ADU’s larger than 800 square feet are most likely to be proposed on larger lots, where the size
of a primary dwelling will not be meaningfully constrained by a larger ADU that exceeds the
City’s 800-square-foot bonus/exemption. ADU’s that exceed the City’s bonus square footage
must use the allowable floor area and lot coverage for the site to build the ADU, which reduces
the potential size of the primary home. Lots equal to and larger than 21,500 square feet in the
Single Family (R-1) and Residential Estate (RE) districts can accommodate a primary home and a
1,200-square-foot ADU as the allowable floor area for these lots is 7,200 square feet, but the
maximum house size is 6,000 square feet. This allows these property owners the ability to
develop an ADU without using the City’s bonus square footage allowances or deducting from
the primary home’s allowable square footages. In general, applicants have expressed an
11 Note - there is no maximum size for attached/conversion ADUs under Table 1, but they must fit within the space
of an existing or proposed primary residence.
Item 2
Item 2 Staff Report
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Item No. 2. Page 7 of 9
interest in maximizing the floor area for the primary home and building the largest ADU
possible using the City’s bonus square footage allowances under Table 2 (up to 800 square
feet). It is rare that they express an interest in building a smaller home to build a larger ADU up
to 1,000.
Allowing Separate Sale for ADUs
13 which required jurisdictions to allow certain
ADUs developed by qualified nonprofit corporations to be sold separately from the primary unit
and allowed jurisdictions to extend this option to all other ADUs. Since then, roughly 10
jurisdictions in California have passed ordinances allowing for separate sale of ADUs, and more
appear to be poised to adopt ordinances in the coming year. While San Jose was the earliest
jurisdiction to extend separate sale to all ADUs in 2024, their staff noted only two applications
had been approved and two more were currently under review since 2024. Other jurisdictions
(such as San Jose, Santa Cruz, and more recently Berkely and City of San Diego) have either
recently adopted ordinances or have experienced a similar low volume of projects despite early
adoption of an ordinance. While members of the public have reached out to City staff since
2024 on this topic, it is unclear whether the City would see a significant volume of applications
for separate ownership, if allowed. In comparison, since the adoption of SB 9 (2021) procedures
13 AB 1033 language was incorporated into GC Section 66340-66342:
https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayText.xhtml?lawCode=GOV&division=1.&title=7.&part=&chap
ter=13.&article=4.
Item 2
Item 2 Staff Report
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Item No. 2. Page 8 of 9
in 2021, the City has received 38 applications. It is worth noting that the City could decide to
allow ADUs to be sold separately on lots created under SB 9, resulting in a total of four
individual owner units.
Require units to be deed restricted to be affordable to a designated Area Median
Income;
Require the units to only be used for residential purposes (i.e. no short-term
rental/commercial purpose (daycare) even if consistent with the underlying zoning); or
Require a hearing process for decision making instead of an administrative process.
FISCAL/RESOURCE IMPACT
STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
Item 2
Item 2 Staff Report
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Item No. 2. Page 9 of 9
The adoption of the draft ordinance is exempt from the provisions of the California
Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21080.17 and
CEQA Guidelines sections 15061(b)(3), because it constitutes amendments to the City’s zoning
code to conform with preemptive State law, including Article 2 (commencing with Section
66314) and Article 3 (commencing with Section 66333) of Chapter 13 of Division 1 of Title 7 of,
the Government Code. As such, it can be seen with certainty that the proposed action will not
have the potential for causing a significant effect on the environment.
ALTERNATIVE ACTIONS
ATTACHMENTS
Report Author & Contact Information PTC15 Liaison & Contact Information
15 Emails may be sent directly to the PTC using the following address: planning.commission@paloalto.gov
Item 2
Item 2 Staff Report
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*NOT YET APPROVED*
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Ordinance No. _____
SECTION 1. Findings and Declarations.
Item 2
Attachment A - Draft
Ordinance (Clean Version)
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*NOT YET APPROVED*
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SECTION 2. Chapter 18.09 (Accessory Dwelling Units and Junior Accessory Dwelling Units) of
Title 18 (Zoning) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code (“PAMC”) is amended to read as follows
(additions underlined and deletions struck-through):
18.09.010 Purpose
18.09.020 Applicable Zoning Districts
18.09.030 Units Exempt from Generally Applicable Local Regulations
Item 2
Attachment A - Draft
Ordinance (Clean Version)
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*NOT YET APPROVED*
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iv. ADUs created by conversion of portions of existing multi-family dwellings not
used as livable space.
v. Up to eight detached ADUs on a lot with an existing multi-family dwelling,
provided that the number of ADUs does not exceed the number of existing
units on the lot.
vi. Up to two detached ADUs on a lot with a proposed multi-family dwelling.
(b) The Development Standards for units governed by this section are summarized in
Table 1. Regulations set forth in section 18.09.040 do not apply to units created
under 18.09.030. The minimum and maximum sizes indicated in Table 1 do not
prohibit units that are greater than 800 square feet. These sizes simply serve to
distinguish when a unit transitions from regulations set forth in Table 1 and section
18.09.030 to regulations set forth in Table 2 and section 18.09.040.
Table 1: Development Standards for Units Described in Government Code Section 66323
Single-Family Multi-Family
Conversion of
Space Within
the Existing
Space of a
Single-Family
Home or
Accessory
Structure
Construction of
Attached ADU
and/or JADU
Within the
Proposed Space
of a Single-
Family Home
New
Construction
of Detached
ADU
Conversion of
Non-Habitable
Space Within
Existing Multi-
family Dwelling
Structure
Conversion or
Construction of
Detached(4)
ADU on a site
with Existing
Multi-family
Structure
Conversion or
Construction of
Detached(4) ADU
on a site with
Proposed Multi-
family Structure
Number
of Units
Allowed
1 Attached ADU, 1 Detached ADU, and 1 JADU
25% of the
existing units
(at least one)
Up to 8 (not to
exceed the
number of
existing units
on the lot)
2
Minimum
size(1)150 sf
Maximum
size(1)N/A2 8007 sf N/A
Setbacks
N/A, if
condition is
sufficient for
fire and safety
4 feet from
side and rear
lot lines;
underlying
zoning for
front setback
N/A
4 feet from side
and rear lot
lines; underlying
zoning for front
setback
Daylight
Plane N/A N/A
Maximum
Height(3)N/A
Underlying
zone standard
for Single
Family Home
(ADU must be
within
allowable space
of Single-Family
Home)16(5)N/A 16(5)(6)
Parking None
State Law 66323(a)(1)66323(a)(1)66323(a)(2)66323(a)(3)66323(a)(4)
Item 2
Attachment A - Draft
Ordinance (Clean Version)
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*NOT YET APPROVED*
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Reference
(1)Lofts where the height from the floor level to the underside of the rafter or finished roof surface
is 5' or greater shall count towards the unit’s floor area.
(2)The maximum size of a JADU is 500 square feet. See PAMC 18.09.030(h) for additional
information.
(3)Units built in a flood zone are not entitled to any height extensions granted to the primary
dwelling.
(4)Units must be detached from primary dwellings but may be attached to each other.
(5)A height of 18 feet for a detached ADU on a lot with an existing or proposed single family or
multifamily dwelling unit that is within one-half of one mile walking distance of a major transit
stop or a high-quality transit corridor, as those terms are defined in Section 21155 of the Public
Resources Code. An additional two feet in height shall be provided to accommodate a roof pitch
on an ADU that is aligned with the roof pitch of the primary dwelling unit.
(6)A height of 18 feet for a detached ADU on a lot with an existing or proposed multifamily,
multistory dwelling.
(7)Square footage of a detached ADU under this section shall not reduce the allowable square
footage of a proposed single-family home.
(c) Development standards stated elsewhere in this Section or Title 18, including
standards related to FAR, lot coverage, and privacy, are not applicable to ADUs or
JADUs that qualify for approval under this section. When there is an ADU or JADU
attached to an existing or proposed primary dwelling, the shared wall between
these units shall contribute to the maximum allowable Floor Area, Lot Coverage, and
Maximum House Size of the primary unit. For a single-family home, this
measurement shall be taken to the outside stud wall in accordance with Section
18.04.030(a)(65)(D). For a multi-family dwelling, this measurement shall be taken to
the outside surface of exterior walls in accordance with Section 18.04.030(a)(65)(B)
and (C).
(d) For ADUs and JADUs only, the allowable square footages noted in Table 1 and this
section for these units shall be based on the interior livable space for the purposes
of FAR, lot coverage, and maximum house size. The interior and exterior walls not
counted towards interior livable space for these units will not count against the
property’s FAR, lot coverage, or maximum house size requirements.
(e) The establishment of ADUsaccessory dwelling units and JADUsjunior accessory
dwelling units pursuant to this section shall not be conditioned on the correction of
non-conforming zoning conditions; provided, however, that nothing in this section
shall limit the authority of the Chief Building Official to require correction of building
standards relating to health and safety. Upon request of the owner for a delay in
enforcement, the Chief Building Official shall delay enforcement of a building
standard, subject to compliance with Section 17980.12 of the Health and Safety
Code.
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(f)The installation of fire sprinklers shall not be required in an ADUaccessory dwelling
unit if sprinklers are not required for the primary residence. The construction of an
ADUaccessory dwelling unit shall not trigger a requirement for fire sprinklers to be
installed in the existing multifamily dwelling. Nothing in this section shall preclude
the Fire Marshal from accepting fire sprinklers as an alternative means of
compliance with generally applicable fire protection requirements.
(g) Rental of any unit created pursuant to this section shall be for a term of 30 days or
more.
(h) Attached units shall have independent exterior access from a proposed or existing
single-family dwelling. Except for JADUs, attached units shall not have an interior
access point to the primary dwelling (e.g. hotel door or other similar
feature/appurtenance). If a permitted JADU does not include a separate bathroom,
the permitted JADU shall include a separate entrance from the main entrance to the
structure, with an interior entry to the main living area.
(i)Conversion of existing living area or an existing accessory structure pursuant to
Government Code section 66314(d)(7) may include reconstruction in-place of a non-
conforming structure, so long as the renovation or reconstruction does not increase
the degree of non-compliance, such as increased height, envelope, or further
intrusion into required setbacks. An expansion of not more than 150 square feet
beyond the same physical dimensions as the existing accessory structure may be
provided to accommodate ingress and egress. Any addition to the existing accessory
structure that is not limited to providing for ingress and egress to the unit, and that
exceeds the envelope of the existing accessory structure shall be subject to Section
18.09.040.
(j) Street addresses shall be assigned to all units prior to building permit final to assist in
emergency response.
(k) The unit shall not be sold separately from the primary residence, except as allowed
under Government Code Section 66341.
(l) Replacement parking is not required when an off-street parking space is converted
to, or demolished in conjunction with the construction of, an ADU or JADU.
(m)JADUs shall comply with the requirements of Section 18.09.050.
(n) An applicant that seeks to appeal the City’s determination of completeness or denial
of a permit for an ADU must submit their appeal in writing to the Planning Director
identifying the reasons for their appeal and pay the accompanied appeal fee, as set
forth in the adopted municipal fee schedule. Appeals for these applications shall
follow the procedures for appeal under PAMC 18.77.075 except that the appeal shall
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be placed on Council’s Consent Agenda within 45 days of a timely filing. Any decision
from the Council is final.
18.09.040 Units Subject to Local Standards
(a) This section shall govern applications for ADUs that do not qualify for approval
under section 18.09.030 and for which the City may impose local standards pursuant
to Government Code section 66314. Nothing in this section shall be interpreted to
prohibit an ADU of up to 800 square feet, at the heights stated in Table 2, with a
four foot side and rear setbacks.
(b) The Development Standards for units governed by this section are provided in Table
2. These regulations do not limit the height of existing structures converted into
ADU unless the envelope of the building is proposed to be modified beyond any
existing legal, non-conforming condition.
Table 2: All other Units
Attached Detached
Number of Units Allowed1 1
Minimum size 150 sf
Maximum size 900 sf (1,000 sf
for two or more
bedrooms);
no more than
50% of the size
of the single-
family home
900 sf (1,000 sf for two or more
bedrooms)
Setbacks 4 feet from side and rear lot lines;
Daylight Plane Underlying
zone standard
per footnote (7)
N/A
Maximum Height3
Res. Estate (RE)30 feet
Open Space (OS)25 feet
All other eligible zones 16 feet(5)(6)(7)
Parking None
Square Footage Exemption when in
conjunction with a single family
home(4)
Up to 800 sf
(1) An attached andor detached ADU may be built in conjunction with the allowable units
prescribed under Table 1 and PAMC 18.09.050(f)a JADU on a lot with an existing or proposed
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single family home. One attached or detached ADU may be built in conjunction with the
allowable units prescribed under Table 1 on an existing or proposed multifamily building.
(2) Lofts where the height from the floor level to the underside of the rafter or finished roof surface
is 5' or greater shall count towards the unit’s floor area.
(3) Units built in a flood zone are not entitled to any height extensions granted to the primary
dwelling.
(4) Lots with both an attached and detached ADU may exempt a maximum combined total of 800
square feet of both ADUs from FAR, Lot Coverage, and Maximum House Size calculations. Any
square footage that exceeds this exemption shall contribute to the FAR, Lot Coverage, and (if
attached) Maximum House Size calculations for the subject property. This exemption is not
afforded to lots with existing or proposed multifamily dwellings.
(5) A height of 18 feet for a detached ADU on a lot with an existing or proposed single family or
multifamily dwelling unit that is within one-half of one mile walking distance of a major transit
stop or a high-quality transit corridor, as those terms are defined in Section 21155 of the Public
Resources Code. An additional two feet in height shall be provided to accommodate a roof pitch
on an ADU that is aligned with the roof pitch of the primary dwelling unit.
(6) A height of 18 feet for a detached ADU on a lot with an existing or proposed multifamily,
multistory dwelling.
(7) A height of 25 feet or the height limitation in the underlying zone district that applies to the
primary dwelling, whichever is lower, for an ADU that is attached to a primary dwelling. These
ADUs shall not exceed two stories in height.
(c) A single-family or multifamily dwelling shall exist on the lot or shall be constructed
on the lot in conjunction with the construction of an ADU.
(d) Interior livable space for ADU square footage shall not be included in FAR, Lot
Coverage, and Maximum House Size calculations for a lot with an existing or
proposed single family home, up to the amounts stated in Table 2. ADU sSquare
footage in excess of the exemptions provided in Table 2 shall be included in FAR, Lot
Coverage, and Maximum House Size calculations for the lot.
(e) When there is an ADU attached to an existing or proposed primary dwelling, the
shared wall between these units shall contribute to the maximum allowable Floor
Area, Lot Coverage, and Maximum House Size of the primary unit. For a single-family
home, this measurement shall be taken to the outside stud wall in accordance with
Section 18.04.030(a)(65)(D). For a multi-family dwelling, this measurement shall be
taken to the outside surface of exterior walls in accordance with Section
18.04.030(a)(65)(B) and (C).
(f) Attached units shall have independent exterior access from a proposed or existing
single-family dwelling. Attached units shall not have an interior access point to the
primary dwelling (e.g. hotel door or other similar feature/appurtenance).
(g) For ADUs only, the allowable square footages noted in Table 2 and this section for
these units shall be based on the interior livable space for the purposes of FAR, lot
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coverage, and maximum house size. The interior and exterior walls not counted towards
interior livable space for these units will not count against the property’s FAR, lot
coverage, or maximum house size requirements.Reserved
(h) For properties listed in the California Register of Historical Resources compliance
with the appropriate Secretary of Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic
Properties shall be required.
(i) Noise-producing equipment such as air conditioners, water heaters, and similar
service equipment that exclusively serves an ADU may be located anywhere on the
site, provided they maintain the underlying front yard setback requirements of the
property and, if the property is a corner lot, a 10-foot street-side setback. All such
equipment shall be insulated and housed, except that the Director may permit
installation without housing and insulation, provided that a combination of technical
noise specifications, location of equipment, and/or other screening or buffering will
assure compliance with the city’s Noise Ordinance at the nearest property line. All
service equipment must meet the city’s Noise Ordinance in Chapter 9.10 of the
Municipal Code.
(j) Setbacks
(1) Detached units shall maintain a minimum three-foot distance from the
primary unit, measured from the exterior walls of structures.
(2) A basement or other subterranean portion that serves an ADU may encroach
into a setback required for the primary dwelling provided the following
conditions are met:
(A) Newly constructed basement walls are no closer than four feet to an
adjacent interior side or rear property line.
(B) A new lightwell associated with a basement shall not be placed closer
than four feet to an adjacent interior property line. When visible from
the right of way, these facilities shall be screened from view with
vegetation.
(C) Habitable ADU basements shall contribute toward the unit’s total
allowable floor area. Any floor area in excess of the exemptions
provided in this Section shall contribute to the total allowable limits
for the site.
(3) Projections, including but not limited to windows, doors, mechanical
equipment, venting or exhaust systems, are not permitted to encroach into
the required setbacks, with the exception of a roof eave of up to 2 feet.
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(4) For corner lots developed as a single-family home, when an existing or
proposed primary dwelling unit is expanded or constructed simultaneously
with the construction of a new ADU, the homeowner may elect to build all
structures to a 10-foot street-side setback and a 16-foot front yard setback,
regardless of the presence of a more restrictive special setback, unless a fire
or life-safety regulation requires a greater setback. Pursuant Government
Code section 66321(b)(3), a street-side setback may not preclude the
development of an 800 square foot unit.
(5) When an existing, legal, nonconforming structure is converted or
reconstructed to create an ADU, any portion of the ADU that is in the same
location and falls within the building envelope of the original structure shall
not be subject to the development standards stated in this Section. Any
portion of the ADU that is in a different location or exceeds the envelope of
the original structure shall comply with the development standards stated in
this Section.
(6) Notwithstanding the development standards stated in Table 2 and paragraph
(5) above, when an existing, legal, non-conforming structure is converted in-
place to an ADU, the envelope of the structure may be modified to encroach
further into a setback or daylight plane as follows:
(A) The height of the existing structure may be increased by no more
than one linear foot in height commensurate to the existing roofline
of the structure provided the height of the addition does not exceed
12 feet from grade. The roofline shall not be changed to a style other
than what currently exists on the structure.
(B) Each non-conforming wall may be expanded by no more than six
inches in thickness based on its existing location and configuration, as
measured to exterior surface of the material, to provide for greater
insulation and energy requirements provided that a minimum of one
foot is maintained between the addition and an adjacent interior
property line. An existing wall of a structure that does not currently
have a separation of one foot from a parallel property line shall not
be expanded outward.
(C) All other additions not specified here shall follow the standard
setbacks for the ADU identified in Table 2.
(k) Design
(1) Except on corner lots, where feasible, ADUsthe unit shall not have an
entranceway facing the same lot line (property line) as the entranceway to
the main dwelling unit unless the entranceway to the ADUaccessory unit is
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located in the rear half of the lot. Exterior staircases to second floor units shall be
located toward the interior side or rear yard of the property.
(2) Privacy
(A) Second story doors and decks shall not face a neighboring property
line. Second story decks and balconies shall utilize screening barriers
to prevent views towards an adjacent interior property line. These
barriers shall be a minimum five-foot, six-inch height from the floor
level of the deck or balcony and shall not include perforations of any
kind that would allow visibility between properties.
(B) Windows on a second floor, loft, or equivalent elevated space,
excluding those required for egress, shall have a five-foot sill height as
measured from the second-finished floor level, or utilize
obscuredopaque glazing on the entirety any window that faces an
adjacent interior property line.
(C) Windows on a second finished floor, loft, or equivalent elevated
space, shall be offset from neighbor’s windows to maximize privacy.
(D) Where feasible, egress windows on the first and second finished floor
of an ADU shall not face towards an adjacent interior property line. If
this is not feasible, then these windows shall utilize obscuredopaque
glazing on the whole window.
(E) If the first finished floor of an ADU is two feet or more above grade,
then first floor windows shall include the following:
i. Non-egress, operable windows facing an adjacent interior
property line shall have a windowsill(s) that start five feet
above the first finished floor for the unit;
ii. Non-egress, non-operable windows facing an adjacent interior
property line shall have the lower half of window(s) (minimum
of five feet above the first finished floor) utilize
obscuredopaque glazing.
(F) Where feasible, the use of skylights (whether operable or not) shall
be used in lieu of operable windows that face adjacent interior
properties.
(G) No exterior lighting shall be mounted above seven feet. All lighting
mounted on walls shall be directed downwards and shall not direct
light towards adjacent interior property lines. Any ground lighting
shall not direct light upwards to the building or sky.
(l) Parking
(1) Replacement parking is not required when a garage, carport, covered parking
structure, or uncovered parking space is converted to, or demolished in
conjunction with the construction of, an ADU.
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(2) When parking is provided, the unit shall have street access from a driveway in
common with the main residence in order to prevent new curb cuts,
excessive paving, and elimination of street trees, unless separate driveway
access will result in fewer environmental impacts such as paving, grading or
tree removal.
(3) When a single-family dwelling unit is permitted simultaneously with the
construction of new ADU, the primary unit’s covered parking requirements
identified in Chapter 18.10 and 18.12 do not need to be provided. Two
uncovered parking spaces shall be provided in any configuration on the lot
including within the front or street-side setback for the property.
(4) If covered parking for a unit is provided in any district, the maximum size of the
covered parking area for the ADUaccessory dwelling unit is 220 square feet.
This space shall count towards the total floor area for the site but does not
contribute to the maximum size of the unit. Any attached garage shall not
have an interior access point to the ADU (e.g. hotel door or other similar
feature/appurtenance).
(m) Landscape
(1) For the purposes of this subsection (m), “protected tree” means:
(A) Any locally native tree of the species Acer macrophyllum (Bigleaf
Maple), Calocedrus decurrens (California Incense Cedar), Quercus
agrifolia (Coast Live Oak), Quercus douglasii (Blue Oak), Quercus
kelloggii (California Black Oak), or Quercus lobata (Valley Oak) which
is eleven and one-half inches in diameter (thirty-six inches in
circumference) or more when measured four and one-half feet (fifty-
four inches) above natural grade.
(B) Any Coast Redwood tree (species Sequoia sempervirens) that is
eighteen inches in diameter (fifty-seven inches in circumference) or
more when measured four and one-half feet (fifty-four inches) above
natural grade.
(C) Any tree of any species, other than a Coast Redwood Tree, fifteen
inches in diameter (forty-seven inches in circumference) or more
when measured four and one-half feet (fifty-four inches) above
natural grade. A “protected tree” does not include a tree of any
species on the Exempt Species List put forth by the Department of
Urban Forestry and available on the City’s website.
(D) Any tree designated for protection during review and approval of a
current or previously completed development project.
(E) Any tree designated for carbon sequestration and storage and/or
environmental mitigation purposes as identified in an agreement
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between the property owner and a responsible government agency or recorded as a
deed restriction.
(F) Any heritage tree previously designated by the city council.
(G) Any tree previously planted as a replacement mitigation tree.
(2) Except as provided in subsection (3) below, the construction of an ADU shall
not impact any protected tree, on the subject property or any adjacent lot by
requiring:
(A) Removal of more than twenty-five percent of the functioning leaf,
stem, or root area of a tree in any twenty-four-month period; or
(B) Removal of more than fifteen percent of the functioning root area of
any Quercus (oak) species in any thirty-six-month period; or
(C) Trenching, excavating, altering the grade, or paving within the tree
protection zone of a tree in a way that foreseeably leads to the death
of the tree. For the purposes of this subsection (m), "tree protection
zone" means the area defined by a circle with a radius ten times the
diameter of the trunk when measured four and one-half feet (fifty-
four inches) above natural grade.
(3)If an action prohibited by section 18.09.040(m)(2) is necessary to allow the
construction of an ADU that meets the minimum standards set forth in state
law, the tree shall be replaced according to the objective requirements
identified in the Tree Canopy Replacement Table of the Palo Alto Tree and
Landscape Technical Manual.
(4) The construction of an ADU must comply with applicable objective standards
and specifications in the Tree and Landscape Technical Manual for the
protection of trees during construction. Compliance with this subsection (4)
shall not delay or cause the denial of an ADU or JADU building permit or use
permit.
(n) Miscellaneous requirements
(1) Street addresses shall be assigned to all units prior to building permit final to
assist in emergency response.
(2) The unit shall not be sold separately from the primary residence except as
allowed under Government Code Section 66341 and PAMC 21.09.
(3) Rental of any unit created pursuant to this section shall be for a term of 30
days or more.
(4) The installation of fire sprinklers shall not be required in an accessory
dwelling unit if sprinklers are not required for the primary residence. Nothing
in this section shall preclude the Fire Marshal from accepting fire sprinklers
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as an alternative means of compliance with generally applicable fire
protection requirements.
(5) An applicant that seeks to appeal the City’s determination of completeness
or denial of a permit for an ADU must submit their appeal in writing to the
Planning Director identifying the reasons for their appeal and pay the
accompanied appeal fee, as set forth in the adopted municipal fee schedule.
Appeals for these applications shall follow the procedures for appeal under
PAMC 18.77.075 except that the appeal shall be placed on Council’s Consent
Agenda within 45 days of a timely filing. Any decision from the Council is
final.
18.09.050 Additional Requirements for JADUs
(a) A JADU may be created on a lot in a single-family residential zone with an existing or
proposed single family residence. A JADU shall be attached to or created within the
walls of an existing or proposed primary dwelling, including enclosed uses within the
residence, such as an attached garage.
(b) The JADU shall include an efficiency kitchen, requiring the following components: A
cooking facility with appliances, and; food preparation counter and storage cabinets
that are of reasonable size in relation to the size of the JADUjunior accessory dwelling
unit.
i.JADUs may share sanitation facilities (bathrooms, laundry facilities, etc.) with
the primary unit. If a permitted JADU does not include a separate bathroom,
the permitted junior accessory dwelling unit shall include a separate entrance
from the main entrance to the structure, with an interior entry to the main
living area. In this instance, the floor area and lot coverage associated with
shared space shall count towards the primary unit’s maximum allowances
only. The combined sanitation facilities between the units shall include
shower, toilet, and sink fixtures at a minimum and shall conform to the
minimum requirements specified in the Building Code.
(c) For the purposes of any fire or life protection ordinance or regulation or for the
purposes of providing service for water, sewer, or power, a JADU shall not be
considered a separate or new unit.
(d) The owner of a parcel proposed for a JADU shall occupy as a primary residence either
the primary dwelling or the JADU. Owner-occupancy is not required if the owner is a
governmental agency, land trust, or housing organization or if the required bathroom
for the JADU is provided in the unit, rather than inside the primary home.
(e) Prior to the issuance of a building permit for a JADU, the owner shall record a deed
restriction in a form approved by the city that includes a prohibition on the sale of the
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junior accessory dwelling unit separate from the sale of the single-family residence,
identifies that if the unit is rented it shall be rented for no shorter term than 30 days,
isrequires owner-occupancy consistent with subsection (d) above, and restricts the size
and attributes of the JADU to those that conform with this section.
(f) JADU incentive. The existing or proposed primary dwelling unit shall be afforded bonus
square footage equal to the square footage of a proposed JADU when a JADU is
constructed on site, provided the JADU meets the following requirements:
1) The JADU must conform to the underlying zoning district’s development
standards for single family homes.
2) The maximum number of units on site shall not exceed fivefour (threetwo
ADUs, one JADU, and one primary home).
3) The maximum size of the JADU shall not exceed 500 square feet.
4) The total maximum bonus/exempt floor area provided for the site under
Section 18.09.040 and 18.09.050 may not exceed 800 square feet.
5) The exterior entryway to the JADU shall not face the same direction as the
entrance to the primary home.
6) All egress windows which face an adjacent residential property must utilize
obscureopaque glazing on the whole window.
7) All non-egress windows which face an adjacent residential property must have
a windowsill(s) that start five feet above the first finished floor for the unit.
8) All noise producing equipment associated with the JADU must comply with the
noise regulations in PAMC 9.10.
9) When a single-family dwelling unit is permitted simultaneously with the
construction of new JADU using these provision, the primary unit’s covered
parking requirements do not need to be provided. Instead, two uncovered
parking spaces shall be provided in any configuration on the lot including
within the front or street-side setback for the property.
SECTION 3. Subsection (g) of Section 16.58.030 (Exemptions) of Chapter 16.58 (Development
Impact Fees) of Title 16 (Building) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code (“PAMC”) is amended to read
as follows (additions underlined and deletions struck-through):
(g) Accessory dwelling units (ADU) less than 750 square feet in size of interior livable
space. Any impact fees to be charged for an accessory dwelling unit of 750 square
feet of interior livable space or more shall be proportional to the square footage of
the primary dwelling unit;
SECTION 4. Any provision of the Palo Alto Municipal Code or appendices thereto inconsistent
with the provisions of this Ordinance, to the extent of such inconsistencies and no further, is
hereby repealed or modified to that extent necessary to affect the provisions of this Ordinance.
SECTION 5. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of this Ordinance is for any
reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a decision of any court of competent
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jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this
Ordinance. The City Council hereby declares that it would have passed this Ordinance and
each and every section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase not declared invalid or
unconstitutional without regard to whether any portion of the ordinance would be
subsequently declared invalid or unconstitutional.
SECTION 6. The Council finds that the adoption of this Ordinance is exempt from the
provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to Public Resources
Code Section 21080.17 and CEQA Guidelines sections 15061(b)(3), because it constitutes
amendments to the City’s zoning ordinance to conform with preemptive State law, including
Article 2 (commencing with Section 66314) and Article 3 (commencing with Section 66333) of
Chapter 13 of Division 1 of Title 7 of, the Government Code, as well as other minor and non-
substantive amendments. As such, it can be seen with certainty that the proposed action will
not have the potential for causing a significant effect on the environment.
SECTION 7. This ordinance shall be effective on the thirty-first date after the date of its
adoption.
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Ordinance No. _____
SECTION 1. Findings and Declarations.
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SECTION 2. Chapter 18.09 (Accessory Dwelling Units and Junior Accessory Dwelling Units) of
Title 18 (Zoning) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code (“PAMC”) is amended to read as follows
(additions underlined and deletions struck-through):
18.09.010 Purpose
18.09.020 Applicable Zoning Districts
18.09.030 Units Exempt from Generally Applicable Local Regulations
Commented [GS1]: SB 543
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iv. ADUs created by conversion of portions of existing multi-family dwellings not
used as livable space.
v. Up to eight detached ADUs on a lot with an existing multi-family dwelling,
provided that the number of ADUs does not exceed the number of existing
units on the lot.
vi. Up to two detached ADUs on a lot with a proposed multi-family dwelling.
(b) The Development Standards for units governed by this section are summarized in
Table 1. Regulations set forth in section 18.09.040 do not apply to units created
under 18.09.030. The minimum and maximum sizes indicated in Table 1 do not
prohibit units that are greater than 800 square feet. These sizes simply serve to
distinguish when a unit transitions from regulations set forth in Table 1 and section
18.09.030 to regulations set forth in Table 2 and section 18.09.040.
Table 1: Development Standards for Units Described in Government Code Section 66323
Single-Family Multi-Family
Conversion of
Space Within
the Existing
Space of a
Single-Family
Home or
Accessory
Structure
Construction of
Attached ADU
and/or JADU
Within the
Proposed Space
of a Single-
Family Home
New
Construction
of Detached
ADU
Conversion of
Non-Habitable
Space Within
Existing Multi-
family Dwelling
Structure
Conversion or
Construction of
Detached(4)
ADU on a site
with Existing
Multi-family
Structure
Conversion or
Construction of
Detached(4) ADU
on a site with
Proposed Multi-
family Structure
Number
of Units
Allowed
1 Attached ADU, 1 Detached ADU, and 1 JADU
25% of the
existing units
(at least one)
Up to 8 (not to
exceed the
number of
existing units
on the lot)
2
Minimum
size(1)150 sf
Maximum
size(1)N/A2 8007 sf N/A
Setbacks
N/A, if
condition is
sufficient for
fire and safety
4 feet from
side and rear
lot lines;
underlying
zoning for
front setback
N/A
4 feet from side
and rear lot
lines; underlying
zoning for front
setback
Daylight
Plane N/A N/A
Maximum
Height(3)N/A
Underlying
zone standard
for Single
Family Home
(ADU must be
within
allowable space
of Single-Family
Home)16(5)N/A 16(5)(6)
Parking None
State Law 66323(a)(1)66323(a)(1)66323(a)(2)66323(a)(3)66323(a)(4)
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Reference
(1)Lofts where the height from the floor level to the underside of the rafter or finished roof surface
is 5' or greater shall count towards the unit’s floor area.
(2)The maximum size of a JADU is 500 square feet. See PAMC 18.09.030(h) for additional
information.
(3)Units built in a flood zone are not entitled to any height extensions granted to the primary
dwelling.
(4)Units must be detached from primary dwellings but may be attached to each other.
(5)A height of 18 feet for a detached ADU on a lot with an existing or proposed single family or
multifamily dwelling unit that is within one-half of one mile walking distance of a major transit
stop or a high-quality transit corridor, as those terms are defined in Section 21155 of the Public
Resources Code. An additional two feet in height shall be provided to accommodate a roof pitch
on an ADU that is aligned with the roof pitch of the primary dwelling unit.
(6)A height of 18 feet for a detached ADU on a lot with an existing or proposed multifamily,
multistory dwelling.
(7)Square footage of a detached ADU under this section shall not reduce the allowable square
footage of a proposed single-family home.
(c) Development standards stated elsewhere in this Section or Title 18, including
standards related to FAR, lot coverage, and privacy, are not applicable to ADUs or
JADUs that qualify for approval under this section. When there is an ADU or JADU
attached to an existing or proposed primary dwelling, the shared wall between
these units shall contribute to the maximum allowable Floor Area, Lot Coverage, and
Maximum House Size of the primary unit. For a single-family home, this
measurement shall be taken to the outside stud wall in accordance with Section
18.04.030(a)(65)(D). For a multi-family dwelling, this measurement shall be taken to
the outside surface of exterior walls in accordance with Section 18.04.030(a)(65)(B)
and (C).
(d) For ADUs and JADUs only, the allowable square footages noted in Table 1 and this
section for these units shall be based on the interior livable space for the purposes
of FAR, lot coverage, and maximum house size. The interior and exterior walls not
counted towards interior livable space for these units will not count against the
property’s FAR, lot coverage, or maximum house size requirements.
(e) The establishment of ADUsaccessory dwelling units and JADUsjunior accessory
dwelling units pursuant to this section shall not be conditioned on the correction of
non-conforming zoning conditions; provided, however, that nothing in this section
shall limit the authority of the Chief Building Official to require correction of building
standards relating to health and safety. Upon request of the owner for a delay in
enforcement, the Chief Building Official shall delay enforcement of a building
standard, subject to compliance with Section 17980.12 of the Health and Safety
Code.
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(f)The installation of fire sprinklers shall not be required in an ADUaccessory dwelling
unit if sprinklers are not required for the primary residence. The construction of an
ADUaccessory dwelling unit shall not trigger a requirement for fire sprinklers to be
installed in the existing multifamily dwelling. Nothing in this section shall preclude
the Fire Marshal from accepting fire sprinklers as an alternative means of
compliance with generally applicable fire protection requirements.
(g) Rental of any unit created pursuant to this section shall be for a term of 30 days or
more.
(h) Attached units shall have independent exterior access from a proposed or existing
single-family dwelling. Except for JADUs, attached units shall not have an interior
access point to the primary dwelling (e.g. hotel door or other similar
feature/appurtenance). If a permitted JADU does not include a separate bathroom,
the permitted JADU shall include a separate entrance from the main entrance to the
structure, with an interior entry to the main living area.
(i)Conversion of existing living area or an existing accessory structure pursuant to
Government Code section 66314(d)(7) may include reconstruction in-place of a non-
conforming structure, so long as the renovation or reconstruction does not increase
the degree of non-compliance, such as increased height, envelope, or further
intrusion into required setbacks. An expansion of not more than 150 square feet
beyond the same physical dimensions as the existing accessory structure may be
provided to accommodate ingress and egress. Any addition to the existing accessory
structure that is not limited to providing for ingress and egress to the unit, and that
exceeds the envelope of the existing accessory structure shall be subject to Section
18.09.040.
(j) Street addresses shall be assigned to all units prior to building permit final to assist in
emergency response.
(k) The unit shall not be sold separately from the primary residence, except as allowed
under Government Code Section 66341.
(l) Replacement parking is not required when an off-street parking space is converted
to, or demolished in conjunction with the construction of, an ADU or JADU.
(m)JADUs shall comply with the requirements of Section 18.09.050.
(n) An applicant that seeks to appeal the City’s determination of completeness or denial
of a permit for an ADU must submit their appeal in writing to the Planning Director
identifying the reasons for their appeal and pay the accompanied appeal fee, as set
forth in the adopted municipal fee schedule. Appeals for these applications shall
follow the procedures for appeal under PAMC 18.77.075 except that the appeal shall
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be placed on Council’s Consent Agenda within 45 days of a timely filing. Any decision
from the Council is final.
18.09.040 Units Subject to Local Standards
(a) This section shall govern applications for ADUs that do not qualify for approval
under section 18.09.030 and for which the City may impose local standards pursuant
to Government Code section 66314. Nothing in this section shall be interpreted to
prohibit an ADU of up to 800 square feet, at the heights stated in Table 2, with a
four foot side and rear setbacks.
(b) The Development Standards for units governed by this section are provided in Table
2. These regulations do not limit the height of existing structures converted into
ADU unless the envelope of the building is proposed to be modified beyond any
existing legal, non-conforming condition.
Table 2: All other Units
Attached Detached
Number of Units Allowed1 1
Minimum size 150 sf
Maximum size 900 sf (1,000 sf
for two or more
bedrooms);
no more than
50% of the size
of the single-
family home
900 sf (1,000 sf for two or more
bedrooms)
Setbacks 4 feet from side and rear lot lines;
Daylight Plane Underlying
zone standard
per footnote (7)
N/A
Maximum Height3
Res. Estate (RE)30 feet
Open Space (OS)25 feet
All other eligible zones 16 feet(5)(6)(7)
Parking None
Square Footage Exemption when in
conjunction with a single family
home(4)
Up to 800 sf
(1) An attached andor detached ADU may be built in conjunction with the allowable units
prescribed under Table 1 and PAMC 18.09.050(f)a JADU on a lot with an existing or proposed
Commented [GS5]: SB 543
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single family home. One attached or detached ADU may be built in conjunction with the
allowable units prescribed under Table 1 on an existing or proposed multifamily building.
(2) Lofts where the height from the floor level to the underside of the rafter or finished roof surface
is 5' or greater shall count towards the unit’s floor area.
(3) Units built in a flood zone are not entitled to any height extensions granted to the primary
dwelling.
(4) Lots with both an attached and detached ADU may exempt a maximum combined total of 800
square feet of both ADUs from FAR, Lot Coverage, and Maximum House Size calculations. Any
square footage that exceeds this exemption shall contribute to the FAR, Lot Coverage, and (if
attached) Maximum House Size calculations for the subject property. This exemption is not
afforded to lots with existing or proposed multifamily dwellings.
(5) A height of 18 feet for a detached ADU on a lot with an existing or proposed single family or
multifamily dwelling unit that is within one-half of one mile walking distance of a major transit
stop or a high-quality transit corridor, as those terms are defined in Section 21155 of the Public
Resources Code. An additional two feet in height shall be provided to accommodate a roof pitch
on an ADU that is aligned with the roof pitch of the primary dwelling unit.
(6) A height of 18 feet for a detached ADU on a lot with an existing or proposed multifamily,
multistory dwelling.
(7) A height of 25 feet or the height limitation in the underlying zone district that applies to the
primary dwelling, whichever is lower, for an ADU that is attached to a primary dwelling. These
ADUs shall not exceed two stories in height.
(c) A single-family or multifamily dwelling shall exist on the lot or shall be constructed
on the lot in conjunction with the construction of an ADU.
(d) Interior livable space for ADU square footage shall not be included in FAR, Lot
Coverage, and Maximum House Size calculations for a lot with an existing or
proposed single family home, up to the amounts stated in Table 2. ADU sSquare
footage in excess of the exemptions provided in Table 2 shall be included in FAR, Lot
Coverage, and Maximum House Size calculations for the lot.
(e) When there is an ADU attached to an existing or proposed primary dwelling, the
shared wall between these units shall contribute to the maximum allowable Floor
Area, Lot Coverage, and Maximum House Size of the primary unit. For a single-family
home, this measurement shall be taken to the outside stud wall in accordance with
Section 18.04.030(a)(65)(D). For a multi-family dwelling, this measurement shall be
taken to the outside surface of exterior walls in accordance with Section
18.04.030(a)(65)(B) and (C).
(f) Attached units shall have independent exterior access from a proposed or existing
single-family dwelling. Attached units shall not have an interior access point to the
primary dwelling (e.g. hotel door or other similar feature/appurtenance).
(g) For ADUs only, the allowable square footages noted in Table 2 and this section for
these units shall be based on the interior livable space for the purposes of FAR, lot
Commented [GS7]: SB 543
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coverage, and maximum house size. The interior and exterior walls not counted towards
interior livable space for these units will not count against the property’s FAR, lot
coverage, or maximum house size requirements.Reserved
(h) For properties listed in the California Register of Historical Resources compliance
with the appropriate Secretary of Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic
Properties shall be required.
(i) Noise-producing equipment such as air conditioners, water heaters, and similar
service equipment that exclusively serves an ADU may be located anywhere on the
site, provided they maintain the underlying front yard setback requirements of the
property and, if the property is a corner lot, a 10-foot street-side setback. All such
equipment shall be insulated and housed, except that the Director may permit
installation without housing and insulation, provided that a combination of technical
noise specifications, location of equipment, and/or other screening or buffering will
assure compliance with the city’s Noise Ordinance at the nearest property line. All
service equipment must meet the city’s Noise Ordinance in Chapter 9.10 of the
Municipal Code.
(j) Setbacks
(1) Detached units shall maintain a minimum three-foot distance from the
primary unit, measured from the exterior walls of structures.
(2) A basement or other subterranean portion that serves an ADU may encroach
into a setback required for the primary dwelling provided the following
conditions are met:
(A) Newly constructed basement walls are no closer than four feet to an
adjacent interior side or rear property line.
(B) A new lightwell associated with a basement shall not be placed closer
than four feet to an adjacent interior property line. When visible from
the right of way, these facilities shall be screened from view with
vegetation.
(C) Habitable ADU basements shall contribute toward the unit’s total
allowable floor area. Any floor area in excess of the exemptions
provided in this Section shall contribute to the total allowable limits
for the site.
(3) Projections, including but not limited to windows, doors, mechanical
equipment, venting or exhaust systems, are not permitted to encroach into
the required setbacks, with the exception of a roof eave of up to 2 feet.
Commented [GS9]: SB 543
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(4) For corner lots developed as a single-family home, when an existing or
proposed primary dwelling unit is expanded or constructed simultaneously
with the construction of a new ADU, the homeowner may elect to build all
structures to a 10-foot street-side setback and a 16-foot front yard setback,
regardless of the presence of a more restrictive special setback, unless a fire
or life-safety regulation requires a greater setback. Pursuant Government
Code section 66321(b)(3), a street-side setback may not preclude the
development of an 800 square foot unit.
(5) When an existing, legal, nonconforming structure is converted or
reconstructed to create an ADU, any portion of the ADU that is in the same
location and falls within the building envelope of the original structure shall
not be subject to the development standards stated in this Section. Any
portion of the ADU that is in a different location or exceeds the envelope of
the original structure shall comply with the development standards stated in
this Section.
(6) Notwithstanding the development standards stated in Table 2 and paragraph
(5) above, when an existing, legal, non-conforming structure is converted in-
place to an ADU, the envelope of the structure may be modified to encroach
further into a setback or daylight plane as follows:
(A) The height of the existing structure may be increased by no more
than one linear foot in height commensurate to the existing roofline
of the structure provided the height of the addition does not exceed
12 feet from grade. The roofline shall not be changed to a style other
than what currently exists on the structure.
(B) Each non-conforming wall may be expanded by no more than six
inches in thickness based on its existing location and configuration, as
measured to exterior surface of the material, to provide for greater
insulation and energy requirements provided that a minimum of one
foot is maintained between the addition and an adjacent interior
property line. An existing wall of a structure that does not currently
have a separation of one foot from a parallel property line shall not
be expanded outward.
(C) All other additions not specified here shall follow the standard
setbacks for the ADU identified in Table 2.
(k) Design
(1) Except on corner lots, where feasible, ADUsthe unit shall not have an
entranceway facing the same lot line (property line) as the entranceway to
the main dwelling unit unless the entranceway to the ADUaccessory unit is
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located in the rear half of the lot. Exterior staircases to second floor units shall be
located toward the interior side or rear yard of the property.
(2) Privacy
(A) Second story doors and decks shall not face a neighboring property
line. Second story decks and balconies shall utilize screening barriers
to prevent views towards an adjacent interior property line. These
barriers shall be a minimum five-foot, six-inch height from the floor
level of the deck or balcony and shall not include perforations of any
kind that would allow visibility between properties.
(B) Windows on a second floor, loft, or equivalent elevated space,
excluding those required for egress, shall have a five-foot sill height as
measured from the second-finished floor level, or utilize
obscuredopaque glazing on the entirety any window that faces an
adjacent interior property line.
(C) Windows on a second finished floor, loft, or equivalent elevated
space, shall be offset from neighbor’s windows to maximize privacy.
(D) Where feasible, egress windows on the first and second finished floor
of an ADU shall not face towards an adjacent interior property line. If
this is not feasible, then these windows shall utilize obscuredopaque
glazing on the whole window.
(E) If the first finished floor of an ADU is two feet or more above grade,
then first floor windows shall include the following:
i. Non-egress, operable windows facing an adjacent interior
property line shall have a windowsill(s) that start five feet
above the first finished floor for the unit;
ii. Non-egress, non-operable windows facing an adjacent interior
property line shall have the lower half of window(s) (minimum
of five feet above the first finished floor) utilize
obscuredopaque glazing.
(F) Where feasible, the use of skylights (whether operable or not) shall
be used in lieu of operable windows that face adjacent interior
properties.
(G) No exterior lighting shall be mounted above seven feet. All lighting
mounted on walls shall be directed downwards and shall not direct
light towards adjacent interior property lines. Any ground lighting
shall not direct light upwards to the building or sky.
(l) Parking
(1) Replacement parking is not required when a garage, carport, covered parking
structure, or uncovered parking space is converted to, or demolished in
conjunction with the construction of, an ADU.
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(2) When parking is provided, the unit shall have street access from a driveway in
common with the main residence in order to prevent new curb cuts,
excessive paving, and elimination of street trees, unless separate driveway
access will result in fewer environmental impacts such as paving, grading or
tree removal.
(3) When a single-family dwelling unit is permitted simultaneously with the
construction of new ADU, the primary unit’s covered parking requirements
identified in Chapter 18.10 and 18.12 do not need to be provided. Two
uncovered parking spaces shall be provided in any configuration on the lot
including within the front or street-side setback for the property.
(4) If covered parking for a unit is provided in any district, the maximum size of the
covered parking area for the ADUaccessory dwelling unit is 220 square feet.
This space shall count towards the total floor area for the site but does not
contribute to the maximum size of the unit. Any attached garage shall not
have an interior access point to the ADU (e.g. hotel door or other similar
feature/appurtenance).
(m) Landscape
(1) For the purposes of this subsection (m), “protected tree” means:
(A) Any locally native tree of the species Acer macrophyllum (Bigleaf
Maple), Calocedrus decurrens (California Incense Cedar), Quercus
agrifolia (Coast Live Oak), Quercus douglasii (Blue Oak), Quercus
kelloggii (California Black Oak), or Quercus lobata (Valley Oak) which
is eleven and one-half inches in diameter (thirty-six inches in
circumference) or more when measured four and one-half feet (fifty-
four inches) above natural grade.
(B) Any Coast Redwood tree (species Sequoia sempervirens) that is
eighteen inches in diameter (fifty-seven inches in circumference) or
more when measured four and one-half feet (fifty-four inches) above
natural grade.
(C) Any tree of any species, other than a Coast Redwood Tree, fifteen
inches in diameter (forty-seven inches in circumference) or more
when measured four and one-half feet (fifty-four inches) above
natural grade. A “protected tree” does not include a tree of any
species on the Exempt Species List put forth by the Department of
Urban Forestry and available on the City’s website.
(D) Any tree designated for protection during review and approval of a
current or previously completed development project.
(E) Any tree designated for carbon sequestration and storage and/or
environmental mitigation purposes as identified in an agreement
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between the property owner and a responsible government agency or recorded as a
deed restriction.
(F) Any heritage tree previously designated by the city council.
(G) Any tree previously planted as a replacement mitigation tree.
(2) Except as provided in subsection (3) below, the construction of an ADU shall
not impact any protected tree, on the subject property or any adjacent lot by
requiring:
(A) Removal of more than twenty-five percent of the functioning leaf,
stem, or root area of a tree in any twenty-four-month period; or
(B) Removal of more than fifteen percent of the functioning root area of
any Quercus (oak) species in any thirty-six-month period; or
(C) Trenching, excavating, altering the grade, or paving within the tree
protection zone of a tree in a way that foreseeably leads to the death
of the tree. For the purposes of this subsection (m), "tree protection
zone" means the area defined by a circle with a radius ten times the
diameter of the trunk when measured four and one-half feet (fifty-
four inches) above natural grade.
(3)If an action prohibited by section 18.09.040(m)(2) is necessary to allow the
construction of an ADU that meets the minimum standards set forth in state
law, the tree shall be replaced according to the objective requirements
identified in the Tree Canopy Replacement Table of the Palo Alto Tree and
Landscape Technical Manual.
(4) The construction of an ADU must comply with applicable objective standards
and specifications in the Tree and Landscape Technical Manual for the
protection of trees during construction. Compliance with this subsection (4)
shall not delay or cause the denial of an ADU or JADU building permit or use
permit.
(n) Miscellaneous requirements
(1) Street addresses shall be assigned to all units prior to building permit final to
assist in emergency response.
(2) The unit shall not be sold separately from the primary residence except as
allowed under Government Code Section 66341 and PAMC 21.09.
(3) Rental of any unit created pursuant to this section shall be for a term of 30
days or more.
(4) The installation of fire sprinklers shall not be required in an accessory
dwelling unit if sprinklers are not required for the primary residence. Nothing
in this section shall preclude the Fire Marshal from accepting fire sprinklers
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as an alternative means of compliance with generally applicable fire
protection requirements.
(5) An applicant that seeks to appeal the City’s determination of completeness
or denial of a permit for an ADU must submit their appeal in writing to the
Planning Director identifying the reasons for their appeal and pay the
accompanied appeal fee, as set forth in the adopted municipal fee schedule.
Appeals for these applications shall follow the procedures for appeal under
PAMC 18.77.075 except that the appeal shall be placed on Council’s Consent
Agenda within 45 days of a timely filing. Any decision from the Council is
final.
18.09.050 Additional Requirements for JADUs
(a) A JADU may be created on a lot in a single-family residential zone with an existing or
proposed single family residence. A JADU shall be attached to or created within the
walls of an existing or proposed primary dwelling, including enclosed uses within the
residence, such as an attached garage.
(b) The JADU shall include an efficiency kitchen, requiring the following components: A
cooking facility with appliances, and; food preparation counter and storage cabinets
that are of reasonable size in relation to the size of the JADUjunior accessory dwelling
unit.
i.JADUs may share sanitation facilities (bathrooms, laundry facilities, etc.) with
the primary unit. If a permitted JADU does not include a separate bathroom,
the permitted junior accessory dwelling unit shall include a separate entrance
from the main entrance to the structure, with an interior entry to the main
living area. In this instance, the floor area and lot coverage associated with
shared space shall count towards the primary unit’s maximum allowances
only. The combined sanitation facilities between the units shall include
shower, toilet, and sink fixtures at a minimum and shall conform to the
minimum requirements specified in the Building Code.
(c) For the purposes of any fire or life protection ordinance or regulation or for the
purposes of providing service for water, sewer, or power, a JADU shall not be
considered a separate or new unit.
(d) The owner of a parcel proposed for a JADU shall occupy as a primary residence either
the primary dwelling or the JADU. Owner-occupancy is not required if the owner is a
governmental agency, land trust, or housing organization or if the required bathroom
for the JADU is provided in the unit, rather than inside the primary home.
(e) Prior to the issuance of a building permit for a JADU, the owner shall record a deed
restriction in a form approved by the city that includes a prohibition on the sale of the
Commented [GS10]: SB 543
Commented [GS11]: AB 1154
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junior accessory dwelling unit separate from the sale of the single-family residence,
identifies that if the unit is rented it shall be rented for no shorter term than 30 days,
isrequires owner-occupancy consistent with subsection (d) above, and restricts the size
and attributes of the JADU to those that conform with this section.
(f) JADU incentive. The existing or proposed primary dwelling unit shall be afforded bonus
square footage equal to the square footage of a proposed JADU when a JADU is
constructed on site, provided the JADU meets the following requirements:
1) The JADU must conform to the underlying zoning district’s development
standards for single family homes.
2) The maximum number of units on site shall not exceed fivefour (threetwo
ADUs, one JADU, and one primary home).
3) The maximum size of the JADU shall not exceed 500 square feet.
4) The total maximum bonus/exempt floor area provided for the site under
Section 18.09.040 and 18.09.050 may not exceed 800 square feet.
5) The exterior entryway to the JADU shall not face the same direction as the
entrance to the primary home.
6) All egress windows which face an adjacent residential property must utilize
obscureopaque glazing on the whole window.
7) All non-egress windows which face an adjacent residential property must have
a windowsill(s) that start five feet above the first finished floor for the unit.
8) All noise producing equipment associated with the JADU must comply with the
noise regulations in PAMC 9.10.
9) When a single-family dwelling unit is permitted simultaneously with the
construction of new JADU using these provision, the primary unit’s covered
parking requirements do not need to be provided. Instead, two uncovered
parking spaces shall be provided in any configuration on the lot including
within the front or street-side setback for the property.
SECTION 3. Subsection (g) of Section 16.58.030 (Exemptions) of Chapter 16.58 (Development
Impact Fees) of Title 16 (Building) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code (“PAMC”) is amended to read
as follows (additions underlined and deletions struck-through):
(g) Accessory dwelling units (ADU) less than 750 square feet in size of interior livable
space. Any impact fees to be charged for an accessory dwelling unit of 750 square
feet of interior livable space or more shall be proportional to the square footage of
the primary dwelling unit;
SECTION 4. Any provision of the Palo Alto Municipal Code or appendices thereto inconsistent
with the provisions of this Ordinance, to the extent of such inconsistencies and no further, is
hereby repealed or modified to that extent necessary to affect the provisions of this Ordinance.
SECTION 5. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of this Ordinance is for any
reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a decision of any court of competent
Commented [GS12]: AB 1154
Commented [GS13]: SB 543
Commented [GS14]: Staff clarification to incentivize use
of this provision. Mirrored in 18.09.040(l)(3).
Commented [GS15]: SB 543
Item 2
Attachment B - Draft
Ordinance (Annotated
Version)
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jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this
Ordinance. The City Council hereby declares that it would have passed this Ordinance and
each and every section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase not declared invalid or
unconstitutional without regard to whether any portion of the ordinance would be
subsequently declared invalid or unconstitutional.
SECTION 6. The Council finds that the adoption of this Ordinance is exempt from the
provisions of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to Public Resources
Code Section 21080.17 and CEQA Guidelines sections 15061(b)(3), because it constitutes
amendments to the City’s zoning ordinance to conform with preemptive State law, including
Article 2 (commencing with Section 66314) and Article 3 (commencing with Section 66333) of
Chapter 13 of Division 1 of Title 7 of, the Government Code, as well as other minor and non-
substantive amendments. As such, it can be seen with certainty that the proposed action will
not have the potential for causing a significant effect on the environment.
SECTION 7. This ordinance shall be effective on the thirty-first date after the date of its
adoption.
Item 2
Attachment B - Draft
Ordinance (Annotated
Version)
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Attachment C – Draft Text for 1,200-Square-Foot ADU and to Allow Separate
ADU Ownership
1.Draft Text for 1,200-Square-Foot ADU
18.09.040 Units Subject to Local Standards
Table 2: All other Units
Attached Detached
Number of Units Allowed1 1
Minimum size 150 sf
Maximum size 1,200900 sf
(1,000 sf for
minimum of two
or more
bedrooms for
1,000 sf or
greater unit);
no more than
50% of the size
of the single-
family home
1,200900 sf (1,000 sf for
minimum of two or more
bedrooms for 1,000 sf or greater
unit)
Setbacks 4 feet from side and rear lot lines;
Daylight Plane Underlying
zone standard
per footnote (7)
N/A
Maximum Height3
Res. Estate (RE)30 feet
Open Space (OS)25 feet
All other eligible zones 16 feet(5)(6)(7)
Parking None
Square Footage Exemption when in
conjunction with a single-family
home(4)
Up to 800 sf
Commented [GS1]: Council Direction
Item 2
Attachment C - Draft Text
for 1,200-Square-Foot ADU
and to Allow Separate ADU
Ownership
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2.Establish Section 21.09. (Parcel Maps for Separate Sale of ADUs) of Title 21
(Subdivisions and Other Divisions of Land)
21.09.010 Purpose and Applicability
The intent of this Chapter implements Government Code Section 66342, herein referred to as
Assembly Bill 1033 (AB 1033). The purpose of this Part is to apply objective local development
standards for subdivisions covered by AB 1033. This Part is applicable only so long as AB 1033 is
operative.
Where this Chapter or AB 1033 conflict with any other provisions of this Code, this Chapter and
AB 1033 shall control. Any development standard or requirement not specifically addressed by
this Chapter or AB 1033 must conform to all other provisions of this Code and all other objective
policies and requirements governing subdivisions.
21.09.020 Permit Required
Pursuant to Government Code Section 66342, this Chapter provides for the streamlined
approval for conversion of existing or new Accessory Dwelling Units (ADU) into condominiums.
These condominiums shall be sold or otherwise conveyed separate from the primary residence
only under the conditions outlined in this Chapter or pursuant to Government Code Section
66341. No condominium conversion to a project shall be permitted in any district unless
permitted in such district and without obtaining approval of a Parcel Map pursuant to the
provisions of this Title and Title 18 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code.
21.09.030 ADU Condominium Requirements
To achieve the purposes of this Chapter, all projects shall conform to the following
requirements:
(a) The Director of Planning is authorized to promulgate regulations, forms, and/or
checklists setting forth application requirements for a parcel map for this Chapter.
(b) A maximum of three ADU condominium units shall be allowed on lots that presently
allow ADUs, and could include attached ADU(s) and/or a detached ADU(s) built in
accordance with Chapter 18.09 (Accessory Dwelling Units and Junior Accessory Dwelling
Units). In conjunction with the ADU condominium, the parcel map approved pursuant
with this Chapter may also include the subdivision of up to two primary dwelling units, in
conformance with Senate Bill 9 implementation, into condominiums. The allowance for
joint SB9 and ADU Condominium applications shall not exceed a total of four
condominium units on each R-1 or RE lot under any circumstances.
(c) All structures and buildings included as part of a condominium project shall conform to
the building and zoning requirements applicable to the zoning district in which the
Commented [GS2]: Council Direction (AB 1033)
Item 2
Attachment C - Draft Text
for 1,200-Square-Foot ADU
and to Allow Separate ADU
Ownership
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project is proposed to be located. Designation of individual condominium units shall not
be deemed to reduce or eliminate any of the building and zoning requirements
applicable to any such buildings or structures.
(d) The condominium shall be created pursuant to the Davis-Stirling Common Interest
Development Act (Part 5 (commencing with Section 4000) of Division 4 of the Civil Code).
(e) The condominium shall be created in conformance with all applicable objective
requirements of the Subdivision Map Act (Division 2 (commencing with Section 66410))
and all other objective requirements of this Chapter.
(1) Neither a subdivision map nor a condominium plan shall be recorded with the
county recorder without each lienholder’s consent. The following shall apply to
the consent of a lienholder:
(A) A lienholder may refuse to give consent.
(B) A lienholder may consent provided that any terms and conditions
required by the lienholder are satisfied.
(2) Prior to recordation of the initial or any subsequent modifications to the
condominium plan, written evidence of the lienholder’s consent shall be provided
to City staff and the county recorder along with a signed statement from each
lienholder that states as follows:
“(Name of lienholder) hereby consents to the recording of this condominium plan
in their sole and absolute discretion and the borrower has or will satisfy any
additional terms and conditions the lienholder may have.”
(3) The lienholder’s consent shall be included on the condominium plan, or attached
to the condominium plan that includes the following information:
(A) The lienholder’s signature.
(B) The name of the record owner or ground lessee.
(C) The legal description of the real property.
(D) The identities of all parties with an interest in the real property as
reflected in the real property records.
(E) The lienholder’s consent shall be recorded in the office of the county
recorder of the county in which the real property is located.
(f) An ADU shall be sold or otherwise conveyed separate from the primary residence only
under the conditions outlined in this Chapter, Title 21 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code,
and under the applicable conditions of Government Code Section 66341. Prior to
approval of a parcel map, a home or property owners’ association or similar entity shall
be formed for any condominium project. The association shall, at a minimum, provide for
the administration, management and maintenance of all common areas including
Item 2
Attachment C - Draft Text
for 1,200-Square-Foot ADU
and to Allow Separate ADU
Ownership
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landscaping, drive aisles and parking areas, maintenance of the exterior of all buildings,
pool or common roof, the collection of dues, payment of public utilities not billed
separately to each unit, and enforcement of standards within the project.
(1) The owner of a property or a separate interest within an existing planned
development that has an existing association, as defined in Section 4080 of the
Civil Code, shall not record a condominium plan to create a common interest
development under Section 4100 of the Civil Code without the express written
authorization by the existing association.
(2) For purposes of this subparagraph, written authorization by the existing
association means approval by the board at a duly noticed board meeting, as
defined in Section 4090 of the Civil Code, and if needed pursuant to the existing
association’s governing documents, membership approval of the existing
association.
(g) The applicant shall prepare a declaration of covenants, conditions and restrictions
(CC&Rs) which shall be recorded and apply to each owner of a condominium unit within
the project. The CC&Rs shall be recorded at, or prior to, the time of parcel map approval,
and shall include all applicable conditions of approval and requirements of the City. The
CC&Rs shall, at a minimum, provide:
(1) That any amendment to the CC&Rs related to the conditions of approval or other
requirements of this Chapter may not be approved without prior consent of the
City.
(2) That there shall be an entity created (e.g., a property or homeowners’
association) which shall be financially responsible for and shall provide for the
effective establishment, operation, management, use, repair and maintenance of
all common areas and facilities.
(3) A provision containing information regarding the conveyance of units and any
assignment of parking, an estimate of any initial assessment fees anticipated for
maintenance of common areas and facilities, and an indication of appropriate
responsibilities for maintenance of all utility lines and services for each unit.
(4) A provision addressing the payment of utilities including water, sewer, gas and
electricity by the homeowner or through the association.
(5) A provision requiring that any owner who rents his/her condominium unit shall
conform to the homeowners’ association which is responsible for management of
the common areas and enforcement of the CC&Rs.
(6) That rental of any dwelling unit created by the parcel map shall be for a term
longer than 30 consecutive days.
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Attachment C - Draft Text
for 1,200-Square-Foot ADU
and to Allow Separate ADU
Ownership
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(h) In addition to such covenants, conditions, and restrictions that may be required by the
Department of Real Estate of the State of California pursuant to Title 6 (Condominiums)
of the Civil Code or other State laws or policies, the organization documents shall provide
for the following:
(1) Conveyance of units.
(2) Management of common areas within the project.
(3) A proposed annual operating budget containing a reserve fund to pay major
anticipated maintenance, repair, or replacement expenses; and indicating the
association fees needed for the operating budget and reserve fund.
(4) FHA regulatory agreement, if any.
(i) If an accessory dwelling unit is established as a condominium, the homeowner shall
notify providers of utilities, including water, sewer, gas, and electricity, of the
condominium creation and separate conveyance.
(j) Prior to approval of the parcel map, a safety inspection of the ADU(s) shall be conducted
as evidenced through issuance of a final Building Permit or a housing quality standards
report from a building inspector certified by the United States Department of Housing
and Urban Development when applicable, and which conforms to current Building Code
and Fire Code requirements.
(k) The Director of Planning shall cause a notice of the pending application to be posted at
the site of the proposed ADU Condominium and for notice to be mailed to owners and
residents of property within 600 feet of the property.
(l) The Director of Planning shall ministerially review and approve a parcel map for an ADU
Condominium if they determine that the parcel map application meets all requirements
of this Chapter, Chapter 18.09, and Title 21. The Director of Planning shall deny a parcel
map application that does not meet any requirement of this Chapter, Chapter 18.09, and
Title 21.
(m)In addition to other application submittal requirements created by the City and published
on its website, the following information shall be provided:
(1) Statement regarding current ownership of all improvements and underlying land.
(2) A site plan and boundary map showing the location of all existing or proposed:
easements, structures, mature and/or scenic trees, and other improvements
upon the property.
Item 2
Attachment C - Draft Text
for 1,200-Square-Foot ADU
and to Allow Separate ADU
Ownership
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(3) Dimensions and location of each building or unit and the location of all fences and
walls.
(4) The location, size, and design for all common areas, including all facilities and
amenities provided within the common areas for use by unit owners.
(5) Location and condition for all paved areas, including pedestrian walkways.
(6) Maintenance plan of all buildings and common areas and facilities.
(n) The Director of Planning shall determine the appropriate fee required for an application
for parcel map for an ADU Condominium, which may be the fee currently established for
a Preliminary Parcel Map, Parcel Map, or SB 9 application.
Item 2
Attachment C - Draft Text
for 1,200-Square-Foot ADU
and to Allow Separate ADU
Ownership
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Planning & Transportation Commission
Staff Report
From: Planning and Development Services Director
Lead Department: Planning and Development Services
Meeting Date: May 13, 2026
Report #: 2603-6057
TITLE
Recommendation on an Ordinance Amending the Palo Alto Municipal Code (PAMC) Section
18.40.140 (Stream Corridor Protection). CEQA Status: Exempt pursuant to CEQA Guidelines
Section 15308 (Actions for Protection of the Environment).
RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that the Planning and Transportation Commission (PTC) recommend the City
Council adopt the draft ordinance amending the Palo Alto Municipal Code (PAMC) Section
18.40.140 (Stream Corridor Protection).
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The draft ordinance in Attachment A responds to a City Council Priority and the 2030
Comprehensive Plan policies for creek protection, seeking to better protect and enhance the
City’s creeks and riparian areas. The existing ordinance has been in place for more than two
decades and City staff recommends an update to reflect current best practices of stream
corridor protection.
The draft ordinance endeavors to present a balance between protecting and preserving the
beneficial aspects of streams (including flood prevention, riparian corridors, and habitats) and
providing options for property owners to reasonably utilize their properties. For the Urbanized
Area, which encompasses most of the built-out areas of the City, the draft ordinance presents a
25-foot streamside setback. This is a reduction from the previously recommended 30 feet,
responding directly to previous PTC discussion and public comments. This does not reduce the
existing Slope Stability Protection Area requirements, which are retained to maintain the
structural integrity of stream banks and structural safety, and may in some cases be more than
the 25-foot streamside setback.
For the Open Space and Rural Area, the area defined west of Foothill expressway, staff
continues to recommend maintaining a 150-foot streamside setback for both perennial (year-
round) and intermittent streams, consistent with Comprehensive Plan policies. However,
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recognizing that applying a uniform 150-foot setback could significantly impact established
residential neighborhoods, staff recommendation includes allowing a smaller setback for those
lots containing, or in close proximity to, ephemeral streams, as defined in the draft ordinance.
This approach utilizes the ephemeral nature of the stream as the regulatory trigger, directly
addressing site conditions and providing necessary regulatory relief for less environmentally
sensitive areas.
BACKGROUND
1 staff presented a revised draft ordinance that included
a 30-foot streamside setback in the Urbanized Areas, the area between Foothill Expressway and
Highway 101, and 150-foot setback elsewhere, and retained the existing slope stability
protection area requirements for properties near streams. Staff also included a provision
allowing the use of the smaller streamside setback from the Urbanized Area in established
residential neighborhoods within the Open Space and Rural Areas without requiring an
exception process. The staff proposal included a list of exemptions, as well as findings for the
exception process, for the PTC to discuss.
ANALYSIS
1 August 27, 2025, PTC Staff Report Packet (Item #3), starting on Page 24
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The draft ordinance (Attachment A) reflects feedback received from the PTC and community
members, as well as further staff analysis and coordination. This Analysis section details key
revisions proposed by staff in comparison to the draft ordinance reviewed by the PTC in August
2025.
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Many initial methods considered would have created more complexity and confusion in the
implementation of the updated ordinance. Rather than establishing yet another boundary
delineator, introducing a matrix of varying setback distances, or drafting neighborhood-specific
exceptions, staff proposes that lots containing or in close proximity to ephemeral streams
within the Open Space and Rural Area be permitted to utilize the standard Urbanized Area
setback distance by right, without requiring a formal exception process. This utilizes the
ephemeral nature of the stream as the regulatory trigger, directly addressing the physical site
conditions. A potential drawback of utilizing ephemeral streams as the trigger for reduced
setbacks is the risk of unintended application. This approach could inadvertently allow parcels
zoned for Public Facilities or Open Space to also utilize the smaller setback. Staff prepared maps
of impacted residential neighborhoods within the Open Space and Rural Areas to facilitate PTC
discussion. These maps are located in Attachment C.
Alternative 1: Limiting the shorter setback only to residentially zoned properties with
or near ephemeral streams: There may be other parts of the Open Space and Rural
Areas that could have ephemeral streams. As this effort was to mitigate significant
impacts in existing residential neighborhoods, the recommendation can further limit the
properties that can utilize the shorter setback by restricting it to properties that are
residentially zoned and contain, or are in close proximity to, ephemeral streams. This
would minimize the unintended consequences of having a shorter setback applied to
environmentally sensitive areas with lush riparian habitat.
Alternative 2: Keep the 150-foot buffer and allow a shorter setback only with the
exception process: Although certain streams may be ephemeral and appear
insignificant, they can still overtop and flood during heavy rain events, effectively
becoming floodplains during high-flow periods. Also, regional FEMA maps indicate that
some creeks in the area originating in the hills and flowing into neighboring jurisdictions
are designated as Flood Zone A. Because these zones lack detailed hydraulic studies, the
exact flood limits have not been officially established. In addition, the Open Space and
Rural Areas generally feature steeper terrain than the rest of the city; this increases the
risk of these ephemeral streams flooding structures and behaving like perennial streams
during heavy rainfall. If this alternative is chosen, the exception process should allow a
shorter setback of 25 feet only if the applicant hires licensed geotechnical and
hydrological engineers to prove the site is safe for construction closer to the stream.
Alternative 3: Relocating the Delineation Line (from Foothill Expressway to I-280):
Moving the boundary line west would successfully capture the entire Esther Clark Park
neighborhood within the Urbanized Area, allowing them to utilize the reduced setback.
However, the drawback is that this approach would leave the Palo Alto Hills
neighborhood in the Open Space and Rural Area, offering them no regulatory relief
other than the exception process in the Draft Ordinance.
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Alternative 4: Utilizing the RE (Residential Estate) Zoning District: Using the RE zoning
district as the trigger for a reduced setback would broadly capture both the Esther Clark
Park and Palo Alto Hills neighborhoods. The drawback to this approach is that a small
number of lots within Palo Alto Hills are zoned OS (Open Space). Under this alternative,
those specific OS-zoned properties would be excluded and would still be required to
undergo the standard permit process, and request for an exception.
Slope Stability Protection Area
At the August 2025 hearing, the PTC received a public request from property owners in the
Edgewood neighborhood seeking an exemption from the Slope Stability Protection Area, citing
security concerns related to a nearby encampment. The primary request was to allow fencing
to be constructed closer to the creek to avoid a zone where persons can access between the
fence and the creek. This requested exemption would be in addition to the exemption from the
Streamside Setback, already included in the Draft Ordinance.
The Slope Stability Protection Area was established to ensure the safety of both the stream
bank and any structure proposed within these Slope Stability Protection Area. Having an
exception process to request to construct structures within this area, which needs to be
approved by the Public Works Director, not only allows City staff to thoroughly review
individual proposals, but it also facilitates crucial coordination with regional agencies, including,
but not limited to, the Santa Clara Valley Water District and the San Francisquito Creek Joint
Powers Authority. This collaborative review ensures that any proposed structures within the
protection area do not interfere with agency operations or future environmental plans.
The primary purpose of retaining the Slope Stability Protection Area is to maintain the
structural integrity of the natural stream bank. It ensures that the weight of new development
does not threaten bank stability or put the property owner at risk from natural erosion and
eventual slope failure. If buildings are constructed too close to the creek, it inevitably
necessitates the future introduction of concrete retaining walls just to keep the bank from
collapsing. Additionally, this area provides a critical physical buffer, guaranteeing that
maintenance staff have the necessary space to access and repair the stream corridor.
The Slope Stability Protection Area aligns directly with the Santa Clara Valley Water Resources
Protection Collaborative’s Guidelines and Standards for Land Use Near Streams. This regional
document defines the area as a crucial safety factor, ensuring that the heavy weight of
buildings, pools, or parking lots does not trigger landslides or catastrophic bank cave-ins.
Because the location of the top of bank naturally shifts and erodes over time, the Slope Stability
Protection Area gives the stream the necessary room to move and evolve without immediately
threatening private property.
There are no changes proposed to the existing requirements for fences within the Slope
Stability Protection Area. New fences where none currently exist within the Slope Stability
Protection Area are strictly prohibited unless an exception is granted by the Director of Public
Works according to the Slope Stability Protection Area exception process prescribed in the draft
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ordinance. With the exception approval, however, no fences shall be allowed to be closer than
five feet from the top of bank. Repair and replacement of existing fences will be permitted
pursuant to PAMC Chapter 18.70.
FISCAL/RESOURCE IMPACT
STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
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Property owners stressed that applying a uniform 150-foot setback would render a significant
portion of their parcels effectively unusable, particularly for smaller lots and the few remaining
undeveloped properties. Additionally, some comments highlighted that restricting
development to this extent contradicts broader goals and state policies aimed at increasing
housing. Furthermore, commenters criticized the proposed exception process as a costly and
time-consuming approach that unfairly shifts the burden of biological assessments onto
homeowners. Residents also requested provisions to ensure the new rules do not retroactively
penalize existing structures and landscaping.
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
POLICY IMPLICATIONS
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impacts. Program N3.3.1 requires a border of native riparian vegetation of at least 30 feet along
the creek bank. The draft ordinance achieves this by creating the Slope Stability Protection
Area, which mandates a 30-foot protection zone for Open Space and Rural Areas, within which
only native riparian vegetation is allowed, and new ornamental landscaping is prohibited.
ALTERNATIVE ACTIONS
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3. Recommend the City Council not approve the draft ordinance and leave the current
regulations in place.
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment A: Draft Ordinance
Attachment B: Response to PTC Feedback from August 2025 hearing
Attachment C: Assorted maps for discussion
Attachment D: Public Comment Letters
AUTHOR/TITLE:
Kelly Cha, Senior Planner
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Ordinance No. _____
Ordinance of the Council of the City of Palo Alto Repealing and Replacing
Section 18.40.140 (Stream Corridor Protection and Review) of the Palo
Alto Municipal Code
SECTION 1. Findings and Declarations. The City Council of the City of Palo Alto finds
and declares as follows:
A. On November 13, 2017, the City Council adopted the 2030 Comprehensive Plan, which
recognizes the value of its creeks and riparian areas for habitat, connectivity, design,
and flood control. Specifically, Policy N3.3 aims to mitigate development impacts on
creeks by establishing setback requirements and preserving their function as habitat
corridors.
B. On March 5, 2024, a virtual Community Information Session was conducted to inform
residents about proposed updates to the stream protection ordinance and to receive
feedback from the community.
C. On April 4, 2024, an informational report was prepared to inform the Architectural
Review Board about the ordinance update effort.
D. On August 14, 2024, the Planning and Transporta on Commission conducted a study
session and provided feedback and direc on in preparing for the dra ordinance.
E. On October 9, 2024, the Planning and Transporta on Commission reviewed a dra
ordinance and provided comments.
F. On February 6, 2025, a hybrid Community Workshop was conducted to solicit
community feedback on the dra ordinance.
G. On August 27, 2025, the Planning and Transporta on Commission reviewed a dra
ordinance and provided feedback but con nued the discussion to a date uncertain.
H. On May 13, 2026, the Planning and Transporta on Commission recommended that the
City Council adopt the dra ordinance.
I. The updated Stream Corridor Protec on Ordinance intends to preserve and strengthen
water and riparian resources, protect improvements from damage caused by poten al
stream flooding and bank erosion, and minimize storm water pollu on.
J. The updated Stream Corridor Protec on Ordinance provides a balance between
development and conserva on by establishing varying streamside setback distances for
different areas of the City.
SECTION 2. Section 18.40.140 (Stream Corridor Protection and Review) of Chapter
18.40 (General Standards and Exceptions) of Title 18 (Zoning) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is
repealed in its entirety and replaced as follows:
18.40.140 Stream Corridor Protection and Review
Item 3
Attachment A - Draft
Ordinance
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(a) Purpose. The purpose of the natural resources protection measures specified below is to
preserve and strengthen water and riparian resources, protect improvements from damage
caused by potential stream flooding and bank erosion, and minimize storm water pollution.
(b) Definitions. Whenever the following terms are used in this chapter, they shall have the
meaning established by this section:
(1) “Bank” means any embankment, dike, levee, wall or similar feature of natural or man-
made origin which adjoins or parallels any watercourse and which has as a function
the confinement of the water of said watercourse.
(2) “Baylands Area” means the area within the City Limits that is east of Highway 101.
(3) “Fence” means an artificially constructed barrier or wall of any material or
combination of materials erected to physically separate properties, provide privacy, or
provide security or confinement.
(4) “Fence, Wildlife-Friendly” means a fence that allows for safe passage of wildlife over
or under the fence and is visible especially to hooved animals and birds. These fences
shall have the following specifications:
(A) Distance from ground to top of fence shall not exceed 40 inches (total fence
height).
(B) The distance from the ground to the bottom of the fence shall be at least 18
inches.
(C) Fence posts shall be spaced at intervals no less than 8 feet.
(D) Fences shall be constructed with a solid top rail (such as wooden or vinyl plant or
metal bar) for visibility and to prevent entanglement.
(E) Fences shall have at least one gate which can be opened in the event an animal
becomes trapped and needs to be released.
(5) “Floodwall” means an artificial barrier, usually made of concrete, that is designed to
increase the capacity of a creek to contain water during high flow events and prevent
flooding.
(6) “Open Space and Rural Area” means “the area within the City Limits that is west of
Foothill Expressway.
(7) “Qualified Biologist” means at minimum a professional who possesses a relevant
college bachelor’s degree and the appropriate education, training, and at least two
years of relevant work experience to expertly evaluate project impacts on living
organisms and biological resources. This individual must have demonstrated regional
expertise and the practical capacity to conduct biological surveys, monitor project
Item 3
Attachment A - Draft
Ordinance
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activities, provide environmental education to construction personnel, and prepare
regulatory compliance documents like CEQA reports.
(8) “Riparian Vegetation” means native plant life that occurs in and/or adjacent to
watercourses, typically growing on or in the vicinity of the banks, in soils that exhibit
wetness characteristics during part of the growing season. This vegetation is
structurally or floristically distinct from nearby, non-streamside plant communities
and relies on water sources for soil moisture levels greater than what is available
through local precipitation alone.
(9) “Riparian Vegetation, Woody” means vegetation that are distinguished from
herbaceous vegetation by the presence of “tough, fibrous stems and branches
covered with bark,” such as trees, shrubs, and vines.
(10) “Service Road” means roads that limit general public access, primarily designed and
used to provide personnel and equipment from public agencies like Santa Clara Valley
Water District with access to their facilities for operation, maintenance, and repair.
(11) “Slope Stability Protection Area" means the area where development is generally
prohibited, to preserve riparian vegetation, strengthen the streamside ecosystem, and
protect against bank instability. The slope stability protection area shall extend to a
point measured at the rise over run ratio of 1:2 landward from the toe of the bank,
but no less than the following distance from the top of the bank:
(A) 20 feet for Urbanized Areas, or
(B) 25 feet for Baylands Area and Open Space and Rural Areas.
(12) “Stream” means any number of natural watercourses flowing from the hill areas to
San Francisco Bay in which water flows at least periodically or intermittently through a
bed or channel having banks; usually characterized by a distinct channel and a band of
dense vegetation along the banks. This may include watercourses having a surface or
subsurface flow that supports or has supported riparian vegetation, fish and/or
aquatic life.
The presence of a stream is determined by one or more of the following criteria:
(A) As designated by the City of Palo Alto as shown on maps maintained by the City;
(B) As designated by a solid line or dash and three dots symbol on the largest scale of
the USGS maps most recently published or any replacement to that symbol;
(C) As designated by the Santa Clara Valley Water District as shown on maps
maintained by the District;
(D) As designated on the most recent maps maintained by Santa Clara County;
(E) As determined by a survey of the property by a licensed land surveyor; or
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(F) On a site plan which may be required by a permitting agency using the Criteria to
Verify or Identify a Watercourse as a Stream set forth in the Santa Clara Valley
Water Resources Protection Collaborative User Manual Guidelines and Standards
for Land Uses Near Streams, or criteria set forth by the permitting agencies.
(13) “Stream, Channelized” means a stream or portion of a stream whose course has been
intentionally altered, usually straightened or enlarged for the purposes of storm
runoff control, flood control, or ease of navigation. It could include widening,
deepening, straightening, or lining the channel with materials like concrete.
(14) “Stream, Ephemeral” means a watercourse that flows only in direct response to
precipitation (rainfall) and does not have continuous flow during dry periods.
(15) “Stream, Natural” means a stream or portion of a stream that remains in a natural or
mostly undisturbed state.
(16) “Streamside Setback” means the area measured from top of bank in which the siting
of structures, impervious surfaces, outdoor activity areas, and landscaped areas is
regulated by this Section.
(17) “Toe of Bank” (Figures 1 and 2) means the point in a channel where the slope of the
bank meets the streambed.
(18) “Top of Bank” (Figures 1 and 2) means a stream channel boundary, which is
determined as follows:
(A) "Stream with Defined Bank.” Top of bank is the line connecting all the points
where there is substantial grade change between the stream bank and the
adjacent land, as determined by a qualified biologist or otherwise determined by
the Director. For fully channelized streams. For channelized streams, where a fully
engineered channel exists, the top of the bank is defined as the highest edge of
that channel.
(B) “Stream without Defined Bank.” Where there is no defined bank and the slope
from the streambed is less than the rise over run ratio of 1:2, top of bank is
considered the one-hundred-year water surface elevation calculated by a qualified
hydrologist or hydraulics engineer.
FIGURE 1: TOP OF BANK, STREAM WITH DEFINED BANK
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FIGURE 2: TOP OF BANK, STREAM WITHOUT DEFINED BANK
(19) “Urbanized Area” means the area within the City Limits that is between Foothill
Expressway and Highway 101.
(20) “Wall, Retaining” means a structural wall designed to hold in place a mass of soil so
that it can be retained at different levels on each side of the wall, and/or restrain a
slope.
(c) Applicability. The following types of developments are subject to this Section:
(1) Development in all zoning districts except the R-1, R-2, and RMD districts.
(2) Development in the R-1, R-2, or RMD zoning districts that:
(A) Requires discretionary planning approval (including, but not limited to Single Family
Individual Review, Home Improvement Exceptions, and Conditional Use Permits); or
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(B) Proposes to locate closer to a stream than the existing condition.
(d) Exemptions. The following projects are exempt from this Section except for the slope
stability protection area requirements under Section 18.40.140(g):
(1) Interior construction or alterations;
(2) Retaining walls less than three feet in height that are located outside of the Slope
Stability Protection Area;
(3) Less than 3 cubic yards of earthwork associated with landscaping with riparian
vegetation that is native to the region or with remedial stream bank stability work
deemed necessary by the Director of Public Works;
(4) Replacement of utility service laterals where location outside the protected areas is not
available;
(5) Accessory Dwelling Units or Junior Accessory Dwelling Units pursuant to Chapter 18.09;
(6) Projects located on properties separated from the stream by a public or private street or
alley or paved public trail or service road; or
(7) Any properties that are behind floodwalls that were installed or maintained by regional
agencies like the Santa Clara Valley Water District.
(8) Any single-family properties adjacent to San Francisquito Creek and fronting on
Edgewood Drive.
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(e) Streamside Setback. The Streamside Setback distances are outlined in Table 1 as measured
from top of bank.
Table 1: Streamside Setback
Urbanized Area 25 feet(1)
Open Space and Rural Area(2) 150 feet(1)
Baylands Area 150 feet(1)
(1) Applicable proper es must comply with both the streamside setback and the Slope Stability Protec on Area
requirements (see Sec ons 18.40.140(b) and (g)). Where the required Slope Stability Protec on Area distance exceeds
the streamside setback, the greater distance shall govern.
(2) Within the Rural and Open Space Areas, proper es with ephemeral stream(s) may be allowed to apply the Streamside
Setback of the Urbanized Area.
(f) Streamside Setback Requirements. Unless otherwise required under Section 18.40.140(g),
the following requirements shall be applicable to the Streamside Setback areas:
(1) Vegetation
(A) The following vegetation shall be allowed:
(i) Native riparian vegetation.
(ii) Non-riparian or non-native vegetation, provided that such species are:
(I) non-invasive;
(II) located on the structure side of any existing or future fencing (away
from the stream); and
(III) irrigated in a manner that will not adversely affect mature oaks and
other woody riparian vegetation within the setback area.
(B) The following vegetation shall be prohibited:
(i) Invasive species
(ii) Prohibited plant material as listed in the Santa Clara Valley Water Resources
Protection Collaborative's User Manual Guidelines and Standards for Land Uses
Near Streams.
(iii) Other species that are deemed detrimental to the area by the City.
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(C) Existing Riparian Vegetation, including Woody Riparian Vegetation, shall be retained
to the maximum extent possible. Replacement of Riparian Vegetation shall be
required if removal was approved by the Director.
(D) For any trees removed, replacement with native riparian trees shall be required
following the replacement ratio pursuant to Chapter 8.10.
(E) The following requirements shall be applied to the soil area:
(i) No synthetic cover or fill shall be allowed and shall not be covered with
synthetic cover or fill, including but not limited to plastic (nylon, polypropylene
or polyethylene, rubber) and ground cover such as artificial turf or weed
barriers.
(ii) Irrigation systems shall be designed to prevent soil erosion.
(iii) For irrigation systems within outboard stream bank slope, it must be bubbler
or drip-type systems and used for establishment purposes only.
(2) Fences.
(A) New fences in the Streamside Setback shall conform to Chapter 16.24.
(B) Within the Open Space and Rural Area and the Baylands Area, only Wildlife-Friendly
Fences shall be permitted within the Streamside Setback area.
(3) Structures and improvements.
(A) No new Buildings, Structures, or similar improvements (excluding fences) shall be
permitted in the Streamside Setback without an exception pursuant to Section
18.40.140(h)(1).
(B) No more than 25 percent of the Streamside Setback area or 2,500 square feet,
whichever is less, of impermeable paving or surface shall be allowed.
(C) Loading docks, trash enclosures, chemical storage areas, stationary noise-producing
mechanical equipment, septic tanks, and leach fields shall be located a minimum of
50 feet from the top of bank.
(4) All permitted improvements shall be constructed in a manner consistent with the
current version of the Santa Clara Valley Water Resources Protection Collaborative User
Manual Guidelines and Standards for Land Uses Near Streams.
(g) Slope Stability Protection Area Requirements. In addition to the requirements under
18.40.140(f), the following requirements shall be required within the Slope Stability
Protection Area:
(1) Only native riparian vegetation shall be allowed.
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(2) No new ornamental landscaping shall be permitted.
(3) No new Buildings or Structures, including but not limited to, fences; decks of any height;
swimming pools, spas, sports courts, and hot tubs; and parking lots or impermeable
paving, shall be allowed unless an exception is granted by the Director of Public Works
pursuant to 18.40.140(h)(2).
(h) Exceptions
(1) General Findings. Applicants requesting an exception from a required Streamside
Setback must submit documentation supporting all of the following findings:
(A) A qualified biologist has prepared an Environmental Assessment that identifies any
Riparian Vegetation, including Woody Riparian Vegetation, affected by the project,
delineates habitat and work limits, and prescribes avoidance/minimization measures
and, if necessary, compensatory mitigation; and
(B) There is no physically or legally feasible alternative for the proposed project
configuration that completely avoids or minimizes the encroachment into the
setback area.
(2) Slope Stability Protection Area Exceptions. No structures are permitted within the Slope
Stability Protection area unless an exception is granted by the Director of Public Works.
(A) The applicant must provide a geotechnical slope stability analysis demonstrating
that maintenance and repair of the stream could be provided with the proposed
development in place, and at least one of the following:
(i) The proposed development would not threaten the stability of the streambank
slope; or
(ii) The proposed development includes the introduction of hardscape to maintain
the streambank slope; or
(iii) The proposed development would not be at risk of damage from future bank
instability or erosion.
(B) The exception shall be subject to compliance with the following requirements:
(i) New fences shall be constructed with a minimum of five feet landward from
the top of bank.
(ii) Loading docks, trash enclosures, chemical storage areas, and stationary noise-
producing mechanical equipment shall be located a minimum of 50 feet from
the top of bank of a stream, provided that the Director may allow equipment
closer than 50 feet where site conditions or other setback requirements make
strict compliance not possible; the Director shall not allow noise-producing (50
dBA or greater) equipment closer than 50 feet unless located within an
enclosure to reduce noise impacts.
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(iii) All permitted improvements shall be constructed in a manner consistent with
the current version of the Santa Clara Valley Water Resources Protection
Collaborative User Manual Guidelines and Standards for Land Uses Near
Streams.
(3) Exception Review Process. Notwithstanding Section 18.77.075(a), exception requests
shall follow the review process set forth in 18.77.075. If the request is combined with
another permit application that requires a greater level of review than the procedures
described in Section 18.77.075, the exception request will be reviewed in accordance
with the process for review of the other permit application(s).
(i) Capital Improvement Programs or other Projects Performed by Public Agencies.
(1) Capital Improvement Programs or any other projects performed by the City or other
public agencies, including but not limited to Cities of Menlo Park or East Palo Alto, San
Mateo County Flood and Sea Level Rise District, Santa Clara Valley Water District,
Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District, Caltrain, and California Department of
Transportation (Caltrans), shall comply with the requirements of this Section to the
extent feasible. The Director may grant adjustments or exemption to any applicable
requirements for such facilities if the adjustment is necessary for the efficient operation,
maintenance, or safety of the facility, or to ensure public safety and security; and is
consistent with the overall intent and purpose of this Section. A written request for an
adjustment or exemption, including supporting documentation, shall be submitted and
shall be reviewed according to the applicable review procedures in Chapter Section
18.77 associated with the proposed development.
(2) Routine maintenance in accordance with regulatory permits and done within the creek
as part of repair or restoration in advance of or following storms events shall be
exempted from the requirements of this Section.
(j) Non-complying Facilities. Any facilities, including fences, rendered legal and non-
conforming or non-complying by this Section shall be subject to Chapter 18.70, which
covers requirements for maintenance, repair, and replacement.
(k) Lot Measurement Along Watercourses. No portion of a lot which is located within the
easement lines, or top of the banks in the event such easement lines cannot be ascertained,
of any natural watercourse, river, stream, creek, waterway, channel, or flood-control
easement or drainage easement shall be included in the determination of lot area and lot
dimensions. In the case of any such lot which is bounded, in whole or in part, by any such
natural watercourse, river, stream, creek, waterway, channel, or flood-control easement or
drainage easement, for those portions of the lot so bounded, all measurements and
dimensions specified by this title and related to or determined from lot lines shall be
measured from said easement line, or top of the bank, of such watercourse. Provided the
expansion of an existing easement over a lot adjacent to San Francisquito Creek and
fronting on Edgewood Drive in favor of the Santa Clara Valley Water District (or its successor
in interest) on or after January 1, 2002 shall not alter the calculation of lot area. Lot area, lot
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dimensions, and setbacks shall be calculated for such lots as if the post-January 1, 2002
easement had not been created. Lot area shall be defined per 18.04.030 (85).
(l) Additional Provisions and Conflict Precedence. Other requirements applicable to
development near streams by the Building Code, Fire Code, regulations of other regional
agencies with purview, or state or federal law shall additionally comply with the
requirements of this section, unless these requirements necessarily conflict with the
aforementioned Codes, regulations, and laws. In the event of a conflict, the standards in the
applicable Codes, regulations, and laws shall prevail.
SECTION 3. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of this Ordinance is
for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a decision of any court of competent
jurisdiction, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this Ordinance.
The City Council hereby declares that it would have passed this Ordinance and each and every
section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase not declared invalid or unconstitutional without
regard to whether any portion of the Ordinance would be subsequently declared invalid or
unconstitutional.
SECTION 4. The Council finds that the Ordinance is exempt from the California
Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to CEQA Guidelines Section 15308 because adoption
of this ordinance is an action to protect the environment.
SECTION 5. This Ordinance shall be effective on the thirty-first date after the date of
its adoption.
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SECTION 6. This Ordinance shall not apply to any project application deemed complete
prior to the effective date of this Ordinance. Any project completed pursuant to such application
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shall be deemed a legal non-conforming structure and/or use, subject to the provisions of Palo
Alto Municipal Code Chapter 18.70.
INTRODUCED:
PASSED:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTENTIONS:
ATTEST:
____________________________ ____________________________
City Clerk Mayor
APPROVED AS TO FORM: APPROVED:
____________________________ ____________________________
Assistant City A orney City Manager
____________________________
Director of Planning and
Development Services
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Staff Response to PTC Feedback from August 27, 2025
Stream Corridor Protection Ordinance Update
Page 1 of 3
Topic PTC Feedback Draft Ordinance
Reference
Staff Response
Definition Requested definition of qualified biologist 18.40.140(b)(7) Definition included
Reference Map of stream corridors and proposed
streamside setback
n/a The map showing the proposed streamside
setback is included in Attachment C.
Reference Maps should have legend when provided n/a Legend included in the attached maps.
Exemption Confirm whether the road abutting the
Matadero Creek referenced in one of public
comment letters is a service road for Valley
Water
n/a A maintenance road is located north of
Matadero Creek and it is used by Valley Water
for their operation and maintenance.
Exemption Any differences in lot characteristics for
properties along San Francisquito Creek
between Marlowe St to Southwood Dr
n/a There is no distinctive characteristics for the
properties along San Francisquito Creek
between Marlowe St to Southwood Dr. The
properties along San Francisquito Creek are all
within 100-year flood plain and are located on
a higher elevation.
General Comparison of/relationship between the goals
or direction and the draft ordinance
n/a The staff report includes a Policy Implications
section illustrating how the Draft Ordinance is
consistent with existing City policies.
Slope Stability
Protection Area
Riparian vegetation should be encouraged but
not mandated within the Slope Stability
Protection Area
18.40.140(f) This is an existing requirement that is
transferred over to the update. “Only native
riparian vegetation shall be planted between
the top of the banks of a stream." No changes
made to the Draft Ordinance.
Streamside
Setback
30-foot buffer is not feasible for the Urbanized
Area. A lot of public comments agreed with
25-foot buffer.
18.40.140(e) The Streamside Setback for the Urbanized Area
now shows 25 feet to reflect feedback from
the PTC as well as the community feedback.
Exemption Properties “behind” floodwalls, not properties
“protected by” floodwalls. If most of the
properties in the Urbanized Area are behind
floodwalls, they all should be exempted.
18.40.140(d)(7) Exemption added
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Attachment B - Response to PTC
Feedback from August 2025 hearing
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Staff Response to PTC Feedback from August 27, 2025
Stream Corridor Protection Ordinance Update
Page 2 of 3
Streamside
Setback
No support for allowing a smaller setback to
the RE neighborhood within the Open Space
and Rural Area
18.40.140(e), Table 1 The established residential neighborhood
within the Open Space and Rural Area has
streams that are usually intermittent or
ephemeral. A provision allowing a smaller
setback added.
Streamside
Setback
More analysis on the Urbanized Area similar to
the Open Space and Rural Area lot size
threshold analysis
n/a With the Draft Ordinance, the properties
within the Urbanized Area are required to
design their property with the 25-foot
streamside setback in addition to other
applicable development standards. The Draft
Ordinance also provides a long list of
exemptions as well as a process to request an
exception.
Exemption Support the exemption on the Edgewood
neighborhood without expanding it to another
area
18.40.140(d)(8) No changes needed.
Exception Findings are problematic.
(1) Reasonable alternative. Needs more
thought to make it workable.
(2) Special circumstances. Essentially a
variance finding and most of his special
circumstances cases was that the property
has a creek going through. It would not
really work for this Stream ordinance.
(3) Qualified biologist.
18.40.140(h)(1) The reference to “reasonable” alternative
changed to “physically or legally feasible”
alternative, and the special circumstance
finding was removed. A definition for qualified
biologist added and kept the environmental
assessment finding.
General
Requirements
Riparian vegetation should be allowed for the
area between fences and creek bank but not
behind the fences
18.40.140(f) The riparian vegetation is not a requirement
and only required when the property owner
would like to add new vegetation. No changes
made.
Exemption Exemption related to service road should
remove the width requirement
18.40.140(d)(6) An exemption related to service roads added.
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Attachment B - Response to PTC
Feedback from August 2025 hearing
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Staff Response to PTC Feedback from August 27, 2025
Stream Corridor Protection Ordinance Update
Page 3 of 3
Streamside
Setback
The lot threshold analysis map should be
prepared with aerial maps overlaid so that
how the setback is impacting the properties
there.
Assorted maps were prepared for PTC
discussion including the requested map(s). See
Attachment C.
Exemption Should be changed to “or paved public trail or
a service road”
18.40.140(d)(6) The requested incorporated into the draft
ordinance.
Exception “Maximum extent possible” should be
reconsidered
18.40.140(f)(1)(C) The requested incorporated into the draft
ordinance.
Slope Stability
Protection Area
Changing the materials of fences would be
considered a new fence?
Any changes to the fences will be reviewed
with the regulations at the time of the
application submittal.
Streamside
Setback
Allow 30-foot setback for the entire Esther
Clark Park neighborhood (Part of the
amendments of the failed motion)
18.40.140(e), Table 1 Staff recommendation allows lots with
ephemeral stream(s) within the Open Space
and Rural Area to use the smaller setback of
the Urbanized Area. The staff report includes
multiple alternatives for the PTC to consider.
Streamside
Setback
Exclude the Esther Clark Park neighborhood
from the Open Space and Rural Area, and
move this into the Urbanized Area (part of the
amendments of the failed motion)
Exemption Straw poll: Exemption of the Slope Stability
Protection Area for the Edgewood
18.40.140(d) No changes have been made to the existing
Slope Stability Protection Area. The City has no
special security concerns to allow for such an
exemption, as these requirements are in place
to ensure bank stability and structural safety.
Please refer to the Analysis section of the staff
report for more details on the staff position on
the Slope Stability Protection Area
requirements.
Exemption Straw poll: Exemption of the Slope Stability
Protection Area for the rest of the City
Slope Stability
Protection Area
Straw poll: 5-foot setback for fences with
exception granted should not be applied to the
ENA
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Attachment B - Response to PTC
Feedback from August 2025 hearing
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*
*Some properties may be developed with a
smaller setback. See the draft ordinance to
find out which properties could be subject to
a smaller setback
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Attachment C - Assorted Maps for
Discussion
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1111 25' buffer
150' buffer*c:::J Subareas
N
Ao 3,000 6,000
Feet
For Reference Only: This map provides general information about the
location of creeks and streams within the City limits. However, it does
not guarantee their precise location on any specific property.
Anyone proposing a project potentially impacted by a creek or stream
must have a qualified professional identify its accurate location.
Stream Corridor Protection Ordinance Update
Streams and Creeks in the Open Space and Rural Areas
*Some properties may be developed with a
smaller setback. See the draft ordinance to
find out which properties could be subject to
a smaller setback
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Attachment C - Assorted Maps for
Discussion
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--Streams
150' buffer*
f" J City Limits
-PF
LJR-1
ORE
RP
For Reference Only: This map provides general information about the
location of creeks and streams within the City limits. However, it does
not guarantee their precise location on any specific property.
Anyone proposing a project potentially impacted by a creek or stream
must have a qualified professional identify its accurate location.
Stream Corridor Protection Ordinance Update
Esther Clark Park neighborhood -Zoning and Lot Size
0 300 600
Feet
*Some properties may be developed with a smaller setback. See the
draft ordinance to find out which properties could be subject to a
smaller setback
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Attachment C - Assorted
Maps for Discussion
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150' buffer*
,-_ � City Limits
For Reference Only: This map provides general information about the
location of creeks and streams within the City limits. However, it does
not guarantee their precise location on any specific propenty.
Anyone proposing a project potentially impacted by a creek or stream
must have a qualified professional identify its accurate location.
Stream Corridor Protection Ordinance Update
Esther Clark Park neighborhood - Aerial view
*Some properties may be developed
with a smaller setback. See the draft
ordinance to find out which properties
could be subject to a smaller setback
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Attachment C - Assorted
Maps for Discussion
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--Streams
150' buffer*
f" J City Limits
Dos
-PF
DRE
For Reference Only: This map provides general information about the
location of creeks and streams within the City limits. However, it does
not guarantee their precise location on any specific property.
Anyone proposing a project potentially impacted by a creek or stream
must have a qualified professional identify its accurate location.
Stream Corridor Protection Ordinance Update
Palo Alto Hills neighborhood - Zoning and Lot Size
5224104.43
\ )
0 400
I
800
Feet
I J
*Some properties may be developed with a smaller setback. See the draft ordinance to
find out which properties could be subject to a smaller setback
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Attachment C - Assorted
Maps for Discussion
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Streams
150' buffer*
For Reference Only: This map provides general information about the
location of creeks and streams within the City limits. However, it does
not guarantee their precise location on any specific propenty.
Anyone proposing a project potentially impacted by a creek or stream
must have a qualified professional identify its accurate location.
Stream Corridor Protection Ordinance Update
Palo Alto Hills neighborhood - Aerial View
*Some properties may be developed
with a smaller setback. See the draft
ordinance to find out which
properties could be subject to a
smaller setback
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Attachment C - Assorted
Maps for Discussion
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Attachment D - Public
Comment Letters
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Comment Letters
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Comment Letters
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Comment Letters
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Palo Alto Stream Corridor Protection
Ordinance (SCPO) Update
Technical Information on the Esther Clark Park
Tributary of Barron Creek Relevant to SCPO Update
Jeff Watt
December 18, 2025
1
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Esther Clark Park Tributary of Barron Creek, November 2025 Conditions
Source of remaining “natural” creek is
underground storm sewer system
discharge from Los Altos Hills.
Shallow/narrow creek along boundary
between Los Altos Hills residences and
Esther Clark Park.
Habitat and all new vegetation along
creek in Esther Clark Park destroyed by
City of Palo Alto through annual
maintenance practices.
Creek flows through fully fenced yards in
Esther Clark Park Neighborhood.
•Creek is ~2’-5’ deep and dry in most locations for much of the year
•Creek is segmented into isolated fragments and does not function as a continuous riparian corridor
6
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•Some inaccurate, incomplete, or misleading information in public-facing materials may distort
stream classification and setback outcomes
•The Esther Clark Park tributary of Barron Creek appears to have been misclassified under the
proposed ordinance relative to its actual physical and functional characteristics
•Use of Foothill Expressway as a dividing line for setback requirements relies on a geographic proxy
that does not adequately reflect site-specific stream conditions
•The proposed setback for the tributary is not consistent with Santa Clara Valley Water Resources
Protection Collaborative Guidelines and Standards or approaches used by neighboring jurisdictions
•The existing 20-foot setback for the tributary meets County Collaborative Guidelines for minor or
ephemeral streams, even when including the additional setback recommended for larger lots
•Reliance on the variance process to address routine exceptions is not an appropriate substitute for
clear, condition-based standards and will result in unnecessary administrative burden
Recap: Key Messages and Concerns
10
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Supporting Material
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Topographic Views of Watershed and Original Natural Channel Maps
17
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Sources
•City of Palo Alto
•City of Los Altos
•Town of Los Altos Hills
•Santa Clara Valley Water District
•Santa Clara Valley Water Resources Protection Collaborative Guidelines and Standards, revised July
2006
•Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program
•Watershed Characteristics Report prepared by the Santa Clara Basin Watershed Management
Initiative, revised August 2003
•Creek & Watershed Map of Palo Alto & Vicinity by Janet M. Sowers, 2004
•USGS maps and stream symbol definitions
18
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Draft dated 28 January – Via email from Ellen Shay - 10h49
J. Shore Mark-up – 15h00
Here are my ideas so far for things to write, call, email, etc. Feel free to add things, change
things, take out things in your own emails.
I am a resident of the Esther Clark Park (ECP) neighborhood.
I was surprised to learn very recently about the proposed update to the Stream Corridor
Protection Ordinance (SCPO) and the proposed Bird-Friendly Design Ordinance, and then even
more surprised to learn how few ECP residents were even aware of these pending
ordinances. Of the approximately 39 ECP properties affected by SCPO, only a few owners were
aware of SCPO until very recently or, for that matter, the Bird-Friendly Design Ordinance,
which would affect all ECP residents.
Now that a lot more residents are aware, it feels like the Esther Clark Park community is coming
to the realization that legally sufficient—but clearly ineffective—notice to residents regarding
land use regulations that would deprive residents of significant property rights is viewed by the
City as fair. The limited outreach by City officials to ECP residents has been woefully
inadequate given the profound impacts of these ordinances to residents.
We have recently learned that the proposed 150-foot stream setback for properties west of
Foothill Expressway has been talked about for years and was adopted in 2017 as a goal in the
Comprehensive Plan at the behest of environmental advocates. The Bird-Friendly Design
Ordinance is also directed at areas West of Foothill and East of 101.
The Comprehensive Plan made arbitrary lines at West of Foothill and East of 101, perhaps in
part on the assumption that the areas’ larger than average lots could accommodate larger
setbacks. The math is this: a 150-foot radius creates a square area of 70,685 square feet. That is
1.6 acres. That is just from one point on a creek bank.
The consultants who generated the Existing Conditions report don't seem to have visited Esther
Clark Park and our Barron Creek tributary. There are many errors, including in the
mapping. One of my ECP neighbors, Jeff Watt, has done a lot of research about Barron Creek
and wrote a report, which he presented to Kelly Cha and Jennifer Armer in early December
2025. Our tributary is classified as an “ephemeral creek,” and it has been heavily modified for
decades. Page 16 of the Existing Conditions report says that "...setbacks standards from
ephemeral streams could be considerably less....".
The suggestion by environmental advocates that each and every applicable development or
improvement that might encroach on the 150-foot setback on any lot in ECP’s RE Zone should
be assessed as part of a variance-type review process and conditioned on its substantiated
biological impact on the habitat of ECP’s ephemeral tributary is ridiculous. The time and
resources required of both residents and City staff would be disproportionately burdensome
compared to the environmental benefit. The City of Palo Alto does not seem to have the
resources to make accurate biological assessments. So, despite the prospect of an uncertain
outcome, the considerable upfront application burden of time and expense would have to be
borne by the property owner.
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Draft dated 28 January – Via email from Ellen Shay - 10h49
J. Shore Mark-up – 15h00
Property values are determined by present and future conditions. Lots that are difficult or
impossible to develop subject to these conditions would lose millions in value. This would
constitute a significant taking by the City, for which residents would be compelled to pursue
recourse on the basis of inverse condemnation.
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10 feet would be reasonable, but not to the extent of the 150 feet which would cover many of our
already existing homes. It will negatively impact the residents and eventually the city financially with
minimal or no environmental improvement. I strongly believe the ECP neighborhood should not be
included in SCPO.
I hope the city makes the right decision for our citizens. I plan to actively participate in the decision
process of SCPO.
Again, please, visit our neighborhood to correctly assess the situation. I will be happy to host you at
my home and show you the creek from my backyard. Please, call/text me anytime.
Thank you very much!
Ken Lee
3/31/26, 3:06 AM Stream Corridor - Cha, Kelly - Outlook
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stream. Nevertheless, as currently contemplated, the proposed 150-foot setback would
still be imposed, resulting in a substantial loss of practical use of my property without
regard to relevant conditions that materially distinguish it and should be taken into
account. I would imagine that there are other property owners who will also be
similarly and unfairly impacted based on their own particular site-specific
circumstances if a broad uniformly applied standard is adopted.
I am troubled not only by the breadth of the proposal but also by the apparent pace at
which it is being advanced, despite the number of important variables, unresolved
questions, and issues involved. In my view, given the magnitude of the proposal’s
potential impact, a more deliberate approach one that fully acknowledges these
complexities and emphasizes the collection and careful evaluation of relevant data
would lead to a more informed decision-making process and a result that going forward
would better serve both the City and the community.
My neighbor, Jean-Philippe (who owns adjacent and similarly affected undeveloped
property) and I would welcome the opportunity to meet and discuss these concerns with
you in person at your convenience.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
Sincerely,
Lewis Weakland
Sent from my iPad
3/31/26, 3:05 AM Stream Corridor - Cha, Kelly - Outlook
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I am a resident of the Esther Clark Park (ECP) neighborhood in Palo Alto, .
I was surprised to learn very recently about the proposed update to the Stream Corridor Protection Ordinance
(SCPO) and the proposed Bird-Friendly Design Ordinance, and then even more surprised to learn how few ECP
residents were even aware of these pending ordinances. Of the approximately 39 ECP properties affected by
SCPO, only a few owners were aware of SCPO until very recently or, for that matter, the Bird-Friendly Design
Ordinance, which would affect all ECP residents.
Now more residents are aware of the pending SCPO notice to residents regarding land use regulations will
deprive residents of significant property rights. The limited outreach by City officials to ECP residents has been
woefully inadequate given the profound impacts of these ordinances to residents.
We have recently learned that the proposed 150-foot stream setback for properties west of Foothill Expressway
has been talked about for years and was adopted in 2017 as a goal in the Comprehensive Plan at the behest of
environmental advocates.
The consultants who generated the Existing Conditions report don't seem to have visited Esther Clark Park and
our Barron Creek tributary. There are many errors, including in the mapping. One of my ECP neighbors, Jeff
Watt, has done a lot of research about Barron Creek and wrote a report, which he presented to Kelly Cha and
Jennifer Armer in early December 2025. Our tributary is classified as an “ephemeral creek,” and it has been
heavily modified for decades. Page 16 of the Existing Conditions report says that "...setbacks standards from
ephemeral streams could be considerably less than 150 feet....".
The suggestion by environmental advocates that each and every applicable development or improvement that
might encroach on the 150-foot setback on any lot in ECP’s RE Zone should be assessed as part of a variance-
type review process and conditioned on its substantiated biological impact on the habitat of ECP’s ephemeral
tributary is ridiculous. The time and resources required of both residents and City staff would be
disproportionately burdensome compared to the environmental benefit. The City of Palo Alto does not seem to
have the resources to make accurate biological assessments. So, despite the prospect of an uncertain outcome,
the considerable upfront application burden of time and expense would have to be borne by the property
owner.
Property values are determined by present and future conditions. Lots that are difficult or impossible to develop
subject to these conditions would lose millions in value. This would constitute a significant taking by the City,
for which residents would be compelled to pursue recourse on the basis of inverse condemnation.
I therefore strongly protest that the SCPO should be enacted at this time. The City of Palo Alto needs to make a
substantial effort to better understand the implications of the Ordinance and meaningfully modify the proposed
setback to 25 feet as outlined in documents that have been submitted to the Planning Commission.
Sincerely,
Joel Rosenberg
Palo Alto, CA 94306
joel@lovetocycle.com
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insignificant that an underground storm sewer pipe has been installed in the
past by the City of Palo Alto along its course.
2- The existing Streamside Protection Ordinance’s main purpose is for
protection of the wild life using the gully area. Animals live near the water
not in this gully dried 99% of time. Also, no contamination risk exist in the
ECP Barron Creek tributary since no traffic is possible next to the creek.
3- The ECP area has never been designated as a flood zone, neither exists
any evidence of incidents of landslides or earth movement on the banks of
the tributary gully, due to small rain basin.
4- SCPO will dramatically reduce the usable land in ECP area (60% to 100%
for this setback plus other border setbacks, appraised to at least 37 acres
unusable land of the properties on both sides of the gully).This loss will
extremely devaluate ECP properties, which in turn, will reduce the revenues
of the city of Palo Alto.
5- SCPO will indeed limit the possibility of building more houses in the
ECP area in future which is in incongruity with the state policy for more
affordable housing.
6- This in turn, causes limitation to the expansion of businesses, to lower
collected taxes and to lower revenue of the City of Palo Alto, which in turn
will limit the improvements and repairs, degrading the quality of residency
in Palo Alto.
7- By the way SCPO report has inherent inconsistencies which misled and
deluded the public and Decision Makers.
Therefor the application of such ordinance update to ECP area is unjustified,
unwarranted and unnecessary and causes permanent damage, to the
residents of ECP, to the City of Palo Alto and its future prosperity and
business attractiveness.
Notice that the suggestion by environmental advocates that each and every
applicable development or improvement that might encroach on the 150-
foot setback on any lot in ECP’s RE Zone should be assessed as part of a
variance-type review process and conditioned on its substantiated biological
impact on the habitat of ECP’s ephemeral tributary is preposterous. The
time and resources required of both residents and City staff would be
disproportionately burdensome compared to the environmental nonexistent
and imaginary benefit. In addition the City of Palo Alto has limited resources
3/31/26, 3:09 AM Stream Corridor - Cha, Kelly - Outlook
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to make accurate assessments for each case. So, despite the prospect of an
uncertain outcome, the considerable upfront application burden of time and
expense would have to be borne by the property owner.
As you are well aware, property values are determined by present and
future conditions. Lots that are difficult or impossible to develop subject to
these conditions would lose millions in value. This would constitute a
significant taking by the City, for which residents would be compelled to
pursue recourse on the basis of inverse condemnation, which will in turn
waste tax payers resources by the City.
Regards
Khosrow Panahi
3/31/26, 3:09 AM Stream Corridor - Cha, Kelly - Outlook
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3. Mapping Inaccuracies and Remnant Channels
The city’s stream map does not distinguish between active stream segments and historic or
diverted channels. In my neighborhood, watershed flow has long been rerouted
into underground stormwater pipes, leaving behind remnant channels. Some piped stream
segments are not shown on the map at all, leaving the mistaken impression that remnant
channels are carrying all the flow. Applying a 150 foot setback, or any substantial setback at
all, to a remnant channel—or worse, a segment that is now a pipe—is an inappropriate
outcome. I encourage the Commission to consider ordinance language that would
allow administrative discretion for staff to determine when a mapped feature is a substantially
diverted or remnant channel, with only a non-obstruction requirement (or minimal buffer)
applied in such cases.
4. Inadequacy of the Variance Process
The variance process is not an appropriate mechanism for addressing exceptions to an
unwarranted large setback or incorrect stream maps. Having navigated the Palo Alto variance
process to resolve an error on the city's special setback map, I know firsthand that variances are
intentionally difficult to obtain, force residents to justify their request to neighbors who are
informed of the variance application, and introduce significant uncertainty, expense, and delay
for both homeowners and the city. The characteristics of this tributary—including its diverted
and remnant channels—are factual, not exceptional, and should be addressed through clear
ordinance language and administrative discretion, not through variance requests.
The result of applying a substantial stream setback in my neighborhood—whether 150 feet, 75 feet, 30
feet, or any similar large value—would be to render a significant portion of residential
parcels effectively unusable, impose economic harm, and prevent the reasonable and long-
established use of these properties—without hydrologic or ecological benefit.
This tributary’s hydrologic and ecological conditions warrant a smaller setback than that applied to
larger, more natural, continuous, intermittent, or perennial streams elsewhere in the city. Leaving the
current 20-foot setback in place exceeds the Collaborative Guidelines for a minor ephemeral
stream, and would be both reasonable and science-based.
I appreciate your consideration and look forward to presenting further information for the public
record at an upcoming PTC meeting when the SCPO is revisited.
Sincerely,
Jeff Watt
3/31/26, 3:10 AM Stream Corridor - Cha, Kelly - Outlook
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2. Unequal burden on undeveloped versus developed parcels
The proposed setback increase appears to impose a far greater economic burden on
owners of undeveloped property, such as mine, than on owners of already developed
parcels. In practical terms, the regulation would substantially diminish the residual
value of certain undeveloped parcels while leaving similarly situated developed
properties largely unaffected. This disparity raises concerns about fairness and
proportionality, particularly where large portions of undeveloped parcels are effectively
rendered unbuildable or where parcels are so constrained by the setback requirement
that their economic utility is significantly compromised.
3. Apparent inaccuracies in stream location data
I have recently examined the course of the stream bed running nearest to my property
line and it appears that the affected area map provided to property owners by the City of
Palo Alto may be inconsistent with the actual course of the ephemeral stream. I am
considering engaging a licensed surveyor to obtain accurate, current data. Given the
substantial property-value consequences that flow directly from setback placement, it is
concerning that the City may be proceeding based on information that may not
accurately reflect on-the-ground conditions.
4. Minimal hydrological impact at this location
The portion of the stream closest to my property carries minimal water, both in duration
and volume. Water is present only a small number of days per year, and even after
heavy winter rainfall, the water depth appears to be approximately one to two feet at
most. In light of the extraordinary scope of the proposed setback increase and its
economic impact, I believe that site-specific hydrological conditions warrant
meaningful consideration rather than imposition of an overly broad 150 foot stream
setback standard applicable to all parcels west of Foothill Boulevard.
5. Existing development between the stream bed and my parcel
There is an intervening residential property between my parcel and the stream bed,
including a substantial house, pool, deck, and fencing that runs along the entire length
of my property line nearest to the bank of the stream. Given this existing development,
3/31/26, 3:10 AM Stream Corridor - Cha, Kelly - Outlook
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it is unclear how the proposed setback increase would meaningfully advance the
underlying objectives of the ordinance update as applied to my property, particularly
when weighed against the significant loss of development potential and property value
that would result.
Although the scope/subject matter of this email and my requested meeting is my
particular property-specific concerns, it is worth mentioning that (i) I expect that there
are a number of other property owners that will potentially be unfairly impacted by site-
specific circumstances of their own; and (ii) I do not want to create the misimpression
that I only care about my own property when I am in fact aware and equally concerned
about significant existing setback issues that are of a more general rather than
individual parcel-specific nature (for example, (a) determining and applying an accurate
water-flow definition; and (b) ensuring that the decision-making process includes the
collection and careful evaluation of relevant data).
I truly appreciate your willingness to meet with me in person - please just let me know
a date and time that will be convenient for you to do so. Thank you for your time and
consideration.
Sincerely,
Lewis Weakland
Sent from my iPad
3/31/26, 3:10 AM Stream Corridor - Cha, Kelly - Outlook
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penalizing property owners who are seeking to contribute to the local housing supply.
Thank you for your time and for your consideration of these concerns.
Sincerely,
Jean Philippe Emelie Marcos
3/31/26, 3:12 AM Stream Corridor - Cha, Kelly - Outlook
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4 Daily Post Monday, April 6, 2026 1�I:i%i Burglar repeatedly hits senior VC's home BY �EN CARTWRIGHT home at 1411 Edgewood Drive, police same person -broke in again around 3 could invest, according to his biogra-oat1y Post StattW11ter said. p.m. on March 30. He scaled Johnson's phy for Harvard Business School.
One of Palo Alto's first venture capi-The home is owned by Franklin rear fence and took more tools from the "Back then, the valley was still most-
talists bad his garage bwglarized twice Pitcher Johnson Jr., 97, who graduat-garage, police said. ly apricot and prune orchards. When we
in one week, police said. ed from Stanford in 1950 and started a Altogether, the stolen tools were saw some promising sign, we'd knock
The bwglar cut a lock to a gate along renture capital firm in 1962. worth $6,000, police said. .on the door," Johnson said for his bio. a fence backing up to the San Francis-Johnson helped launch around 250 Johnson was unable to comment Johnson went to Palo Alto High
quito~Greek.._around 11 a.m. on March busin�sses, including Amgen and Tan-over the phone on Friday. School, taught classes at Stanford Busi-
23, police said-:---,...._ dem Computers, and earned a lifetime Johnson started a venture capital ness School and was a three-term board . The burglar then wen�ieveme11,t. a�ard froJl! the National firm by driving around Santa Clara member for the Foothill-De Anza Co
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ta.ched garage and stole tools belong-Venture Captti1 :.n"soc1ati6rnn 2002. County looking for buildings where munity College District, according to ing to a contractor working on the • The burglar -suspected to be the entrepreneurs might be working so he his bio.
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