HomeMy WebLinkAbout2026-04-21 Finance Committee Summary MinutesFINANCE COMMITTEE
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Regular Meeting
April 21, 2026
The Finance Committee of the City of Palo Alto met on this date in the Community Meeting
Room and by virtual teleconference at 4:00 p.m.
Present In-Person: Lauing (Chair), Burt, Lu
Absent: None
Call to Order
Chair Lauing called the meeting to order. The clerk called roll with all present.
Public Comment – None
Agenda Items
1. Recommendation to the City Council to Adopt a Resolution Approving the Fiscal Year 2027
Gas Utility Financial Forecast, Reserve Transfer, General Fund Transfer, and Amending Rate
Schedules G-1 (Residential Gas Service), G-2 (Residential Master-Metered and Commercial
Gas Service), and G-3 (Large Commercial Gas Service) ; CEQA Status: Not a project under
CEQA Guidelines Section 15378(b)(5)
Alan Kurotori, Utilities Department Director, started with a high-level overview of the gas
utility, which includes about 210 miles of distribution mains, 195 miles of service lines, and 53
dedicated staff. Retail revenue is around $70M per year, which is split between Operating and
Capital Improvement budgets. Part of the Capital Improvement Budget is a federal DOT grant,
which allows for more gas utility replacements. Director Kurotori stated the rate adjustments
are necessary to ensure long-term financial stability of the gas utility and support projects that
maintain and improve safety and efficiency. Current infrastructure projects are the gas main
replacements and Arastradero Creek repairs. Funds are also used for gas meter installations,
leak detection and mitigation, excavation and damage control, and sub-standard material
replacements.
Eric Wong, Resource Planner, continued the presentation by explaining the gas cost structure
and rate design. The proposed rate adjustment is a 9 percent overall increase for FY27, which
means an increase of $7.30 per month for the median residential customer. The Utilities
Advisory Commission (UAC) recommended a lower increase of 7 percent for FY27 and staff
have explored several options for consideration. The grant-funded CIP project is expected to be
under construction in FY26-27 with a projected expense of about $11M in FY26 and $5M in
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FY27. The gas utility will receive the equivalent amount as grant revenues, which is why the
expenses revenue for both years is elevated. The gas main replacement (GMR) scheduled for
construction in FY25 has been reallocated and split over the next 2 GMR projects with
construction planned in FY27 and FY29, resulting in higher CIP costs over the next 4 years.
Revenue is projected to exceed expenses in FY30 and FY31 and the resulting surplus will mainly
be used to replenish depleted reserves. Under current rates, Palo Alto median residential bills
are about 11 percent below PG&E's while commercial bills are higher. The main rate increase
drivers are CIP expenses, lower sales revenue, and operation expenses. Gas usage for FY25 was
about 8 percent lower than forecasted, which reflects warmer-than-typical weather conditions,
ongoing electrification efforts, and efficiency improvements. Projected gas usage for the next 5
years is 4 percent lower than the previous forecast. The gas operation reserve is projected to
dip below the risk assessment level due to lower sales revenue and elevated CIP cost, but it is
expected to recover by FY28 and reach the target level by FY31. Proposed utility rate increases
combined are projected to increase median residential utility bills by 8 percent overall, about
$36 per month.
Chair Lauing thanked Resource Planner Wong for skipping slides that had been presented
previously and noted for the public that a number of items were fixed-cost reductions, such as
credit card fees. Chair Lauing shared that the UAC had a good discussion on gas utility capital
expenses when he was there as liaison and noted the gas utility's declining use, very high fixed
costs, and increasing operating and capital costs all drive higher rates. Chair Lauing asked what
options have been explored, especially those not tied to grants.
Director Kurotori responded that as part of the PHMSA grant they received from DOT, they
could not reduce the investment being made into the system, so it had to be above and beyond
what is being done now. Director Kurotori stated this retains the City's commitment to maintain
the systems in good quality and provides the benefit of federal dollars, which avoids funding
capital projects via rate payers. Utility capital projects have a 2-year timeframe with alternating
design and construction years. The Utilities Department looks at collaboration and coordination
with other underground utilities and Public Works. They try to bundle projects together when
possible and go through one area or neighborhood at a time for efficiency. As part of leak
detection, they try to find leaks early and add them into the asset management system to
figure out which are priority projects. They updated the gas utility distribution model and are
working through a gas transition study. Director Kurotori noted a separate slide will cover ideas
staff created for reducing the rate increase.
Chair Lauing asked how much they factor in new development when forecasting gas usage and
what metric is being used.
Lisa Bilir, Assistant Director of Utilities and Resource Management, stated they are trying to
coordinate electric and gas forecasts but the primary method for forecasting gas utility is a
statistically adjusted end use model. They look at end uses of gas in different appliances and
what is expected there and adjust that forecast based on a regression model.
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Amber Gshwend, Rates & Regulatory Director, GDS Associates, shared that the gas forecast
does not contemplate new development except where it is already incorporated into historical
trends, which have been showing some decline in usage. Director Gshwend clarified that the
forecast methodology combines econometric forecasts with other variables, such as historical
trends around increase or decrease in the number of customers and population growth.
Councilmember Burt expressed uncertainty about what variables are included in the forecast
and stated established reach code standards were designed to strongly discourage new gas
hookups in new residential developments but they are less effective than planned. The
intention was to have very little gas consumption from a significant amount of new housing but
the forecast does not appear to incorporate those policies as intended.
Director Gshwend clarified that the declining trend in number of customers for the gas utility is
incorporated in the forecast going forward.
Director Kurotori added that gas usage is expected to decline as growth continues on the
electric side and some of that will be discussed in the next presentation.
Bob Phillips, Utilities Advisory Commission, asked if the resolution voted in by UAC was made
available; it was confirmed to be in the staff report. Commissioner Phillips noted the major
difference is staff recommended a 9 percent increase while UAC recommended 7 percent. UAC
also moved to remove the mention of the 18 percent transfer to the general fund because it
seemed redundant and approve the transfer of up to $1.5M from the Gas Utility Operations
Reserve to the Distribution Rate Stabilization Reserve. UAC had a robust discussion around gas
rates. The 4 commissioners who voted for the recommendation believed keeping rate increases
low in the short run was best. Of the 3 commissioners who voted against it, 1 believed in the 9
percent increase because of the City budget situation and the others were concerned about
putting a lot of money into capital improvement despite decreasing demand and wanted a
bottom-up look at what is appropriate.
Director Kurotori explained that in terms of capital refurbishment and replacement, the federal
government through the State of California comes every few years to audit the gas utility's
replacement and proactive maintenance. Director Kurotori emphasized that continuing
proactive repair avoids large and expensive emergency repairs. Director Kurotori stated the
Utilities Department collaborates and compares with Vernon and Long Beach's natural gas
utilities and current investments focus on high reliability and safety and overall cost reduction.
Councilmember Lu asked for more color and a sense of when and if the capital investment in
gas might taper off under the current projection. Councilmember Lu wondered if the capital
improvements are a generational investment that will buy 20 years of lower capital costs and
perhaps carry them over to the point of deprecating a gas utility.
Director Kurotori referenced pointed to the lack of gas CIP reserves and recalled rates being
kept flat during the pandemic, which meant some projects were reduced or pushed out. The
gas CIP projects being planned are intended to keep pace with reliability and safety goals.
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Director Kurotori shared about the gas transition study, which includes looking at transitioning
customers to electrifying in lieu of capital reinvestment, which is something the State is doing a
5-year pilot on and may be an optimal solution.
Councilmember Lu pointed to Slide 6, which shows rate increases of 6 percent per year going
forward, perhaps indefinitely.
Director Kurotori replied they try to keep rates steady to reduce rate shock. A huge spike in
natural gas cost took place a few years back and was a significant impact to customers, so the
reserve will be there as a cushion in case of a similar future spike. Director Kurotori confirmed
that an annual increase of 6 percent is planned.
Councilmember Lu asked if any capital projects or long-term projects for gas utility can save
money and should be prioritized, such as how AMI is saving electric utility money.
Director Kurotori shared that AMI benefits all 5 utilities. The budget process is taking place now
and they are looking at eliminating vacant Meter Reader positions. Another saving point is
outsourcing bill printing services. Whenever there is a vacancy, they go through the City's hiring
review committee to search for efficiencies.
Councilmember Lu noted multi-family and commercial were lumped together in the
presentation and asked if multi-family customers are paying more than single-family.
Assistant Director Bilir explained that there are multi-family customers in 2 categories but most
are mixed in with the residential category on the bill comparison slide. There is a subset of
master-metered multi-family customers who are billed together with the small commercial
customers.
Councilmember Burt stated the system lacks incentives for reducing consumption.
Councilmember Burt acknowledged the PHMSA grant required they maintain funding of the
already-planned capital work for the next 5-year period and wondered if the planned capital
work was typical. Assistant Director Bilir confirmed the 5-year investment period was a typical
period of mains replacement.
Councilmember Burt referenced Packet Page 4 under Overview, which states supply purchases
are expected to be about $4M lower than last year's forecast, and asked if that is a combination
of commodity and distribution costs.
Assistant Director Bilir clarified that the statement is characterizing all of the different supply
purchases, including commodity, environmental, transportation, carbon offset, and Cap-and-
Invest charges.
Councilmember Burt asked about Page 7 under Supply Costs, which says market forecasts
currently indicate gas prices will remain relatively steady over the next several years.
Councilmember Burt noted the U.S. Information Administration's national projection is for a
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slight dip in FY26 and a big spike in FY27 and asked if the utility projections are based on current
or recently outdated projections.
Assistant Director Bilir said they are monitoring those events closely and working together with
the team that monitors supply costs. Palo Alto does not see those changes in the forecast or
current prices. Commodity charges have been declining in recent months and they are not
expecting changes to the forecast included in the packet.
Lena Perkins, Acting Deputy Director of Resources, stated this is a unique situation because
California restored nearly full storage at Aliso Canyon, is physically disconnected from the rest
of the U.S. grid, had a cooler summer with lower AC demands, and had 3 good hydro years.
Director Kurotori added that a finite number of facilities can process liquefied natural gas,
which Palo Alto is largely disconnected from in the larger market.
Councilmember Burt asked about consumption projections shown at the bottom of Packet Page
2, which says FY25 usage was 8 percent below forecast and is projected to continue dropping
about 1.1 percent annually for the next 5 years. Councilmember Burt expressed concern about
the 1.1 percent decrease seeming low, especially with incentives that are in place.
Assistant Director Bilir stated changes from year-to-year and month-to-month are primarily
weather-related. When looking at long-term trends, they used regression and did a robust and
statistically valid analysis, which is why they recommend the forecast they have.
Councilmember Burt voiced disagreement with the UAC's recommendation to reduce the
general fund transfer, which was approved by the voters in Measure L. Councilmember Burt
added that the City general fund is facing its largest deficit in 6 years and stated the UAC should
not make recommendations that are oblivious of these facts.
Commissioner Phillips responded that the UAC is not oblivious to these factors and noted the
combination of reducing and other mechanisms in their recommendation. Commissioner
Phillips added that Measure L is up to 18 percent and the Council adopted a lower transfer rate
in the last year or two, which Councilmember Burt replied was a 1-time transition.
Chair Lauing asked about Cap-and-Invest compliance costs shown on Page 7 of the staff report
and asked what those costs are and how they know they are going to go up 12 percent.
Assistant Director Bilir explained that they participate in the State's Cap-and-Invest program,
which has very specific amounts of allowances that they receive and need to purchase in order
to balance out the amount of gas used in the City of Palo Alto, so they have to pay the cost of
complying with purchasing those allowances. They calculate the compliance costs each year
and pass them through to customers. Assistant Director Bilir clarified that the 12 percent
annual increase forecasted is based on broker quotes and regulations expected.
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Chair Lauing noted the residential bills relative to PG&E are 11 percent lower and it is the
opposite for commercial. Chair Lauing highlighted that residential customers more often look at
percentages rather than dollars. Chair Lauing asked for a broader conversation on the UAC
recommendation on Packet Page 23.
Assistant Director Bilir explained that UAC asked to use a combination of lowering reserves,
other levers, or reducing the general fund transfer and so staff has thought about that and
generated some ideas, which Assistant Director Bilir shared. Decreasing the rate increase to 7
percent could be accomplished by reducing the general fund transfer from $10.7M to $9.3M.
Reserves are not available and not included on the list of options. Other levers to consider are
1) slow recovery of the gas price spike mitigation reserve over 32 months instead of 16,
resulting in a 1 percent reduction; 2) utilizing Cap-and-Invest funds to provide a climate credit
for customers instead of sustainability and climate action, which is something the Council
considered last year and did not support; and/or 3) pause or stop paying for carbon offsets and
not have a carbon-neutral gas utility, which could accomplish a 1 percent gas bill reduction.
They also looked at using the base electrification load forecast from the discussion. If they used
a higher load forecast, it would not impact the rate increase needed.
Director Kurotori emphasized that staff came up with any ideas they could but there are not
many levers left to pull and these are not necessarily being recommended.
Chair Lauing expressed appreciation for the stretch staff made to gather these ideas. Chair
Lauing suggested that the 2 percent decrease may be reached by combining a slowed reserve
recovery with a $700K reduction of general fund transfer. Chair Lauing noted increases are
especially hard for people on fixed incomes and wondered what could be done to help them.
Councilmember Lu stated that while the general fund point is well taken, none of these options
is particularly appealing, so he is comfortable moving forward with the 9 percent increase.
Councilmember Lu opined the slow recovery is the most viable option but still feels like a band-
aid. Councilmember Lu wanted to see a rate design in the future that separates multi-family
residential from commercial so the discount compared to PG&E for residential is proportional
to all residents.
Councilmember Burt stated the spike mitigation spread over 32 months is worth consideration
except there are concerns about the global energy market potentially moving into a period of
volatility. Councilmember Burt emphasized the need to demonstrate and include in
presentations how rates were frozen during COVID, which depleted reserves. Councilmember
Burt wanted to make sure rate payers understand the rate increases are required in part
because of playing catch-up from frozen rates during the pandemic.
Chair Lauing asked for clarification on the process of making recommendations to Council and
wondered when they will get a chance to discuss options with the Council. Two options were
determined. Option 1 is to continue this item and discuss it with Council in the context of other
things. The next meeting with the full Council is May 4, when they receive the proposed budget
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in a study session. Option 2 is to come out with a recommendation now and still have this
conversation in June, though without all options on the table.
Chair Lauing moved for a 32-month spread of the general fund transfer, which would result in a
lower rate increase of 8 percent. Councilmember Lu expressed alignment with the original 9
percent increase. Councilmember Burt recalled the commodity price spike, which was very
painful and meant community members had huge increases as a result of the City not having
enough reserves and/or not responding quickly enough. Councilmember Burt expressed
concern about risking a repeat of that if reserves are not replenished.
Chair Lauing wondered if the City would be in a position to respond quickly to another
commodity spike and what would happen if it hits while reserves are not replenished.
Kiley Nose, Assistant City Manager, noted the City is not a long-term purchaser as much as they
were, which is another reason why they are susceptible to spikes. They do not have many
buffers other than the reserve.
Assistant Director Bilir confirmed the reserve was put in place by Council for exactly this reason.
The target is $4M in this reserve at the end of the recovery period, which was going to be in
2028. Extending the replenishment would push the end of recovery into 2029. Whether to stick
with original timeline or adjust it is a risk tolerance assessment the Council would have to
grapple with.
Councilmember Burt agreed it is a risk tolerance question and emphasized that while this
increase is significant, it is not as bad as the past spike, which was a severe pain for residents.
Councilmember Burt agreed with the staff recommendation of a 9 percent increase.
Item 1 Public Comment – None
MOTION: Councilmember Burt moved, seconded by Councilmember Lu, to recommend the City
Council adopt a resolution (Attachment A):
1. Approving the Fiscal Year 2027 Gas Utility Financial Forecast shown in this staff report
and attachments, which includes amending the Gas Utility Reserve Management
Practices; and
2. Approving the transfer of up to $1.5 million from the Gas Utility Operations Reserve to
the Distribution Rate Stabilization Reserve at the end of FY 2026; and
3. Transferring up to 18% of gas utility gross revenues received during FY 2025 (up to $10.7
million) to the General Fund in FY 2027; and
4. Amending Rate Schedules (Attachment A, Exhibit 1) effective July 1, 2026 (FY2027):
a. G-1 (Residential Gas Service)
b. G-2 (Residential Master-Metered and Commercial Gas Service)
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c. G-3 (Large Commercial Gas Service)
MOTION PASSED: 2-1, Lauing no
2. Staff and the Utilities Advisory Commission Recommends the Finance Committee
Recommend that the City Council Adopt a Resolution Approving the FY 2027 Electric
Financial Forecast, Approving a Reserve Transfer, and Amending Electric Rate Schedules E-1
(Residential Electric Service), E-1 TOU (Residential Time of Use Electric Service), E-2
(Residential Master-Metered and Small Non-Residential Electric Service), E-2-G (Residential
Master-Metered and Small Non-Residential Green Power Electric Service), E-4 (Medium
Non-Residential Electric Service), E-4-G (Medium Non-Residential Green Power Electric
Service), E-4 TOU (Medium Non-Residential Time of Use Electric Service), E-7 (Large Non-
Residential Electric Service), E-7-G (Large Non-Residential Green Power Electric Service), E-7
TOU (Large Non-Residential Time of Use Electric Service), E-14 (Street Lights), E-EEC-1
(Export Electricity Compensation), and E-NSE-1 (Net Metering Net Surplus Electricity
Compensation); CEQA Status: Not a project.
Terry Crowley, Utilities Chief Operating Officer, provided background on the electric utility and
reasons for the proposed rate adjustments. The electric utility provides over 900 million kWh
annually via 317 miles of high-voltage distribution lines, employs 127 staff, and is 100 percent
carbon neutral. The purpose of rate adjustments is to preserve fair cost recovery for services
provided, maintain long-term financial stability, adjust for changes in carbon free energy costs,
and support Council goals for electrification and wildfire mitigation. Fund uses include
preventative maintenance, grid modernization, Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), and
locally driven programs for electrification and Greenhouse Gas reduction.
Assistant Director Bilir walked through the electric utility cost structure. About half of the retail
rate is supply-related costs, totaling $79M. The rest of the rate is based on the City's cost for
operating and maintaining the system, which totals $69M. The projected electric cost for 2027
includes bond reimbursement costs. The City's electric bills are 40+ percent lower than PG&E,
shown on Slide 7, and the electric utility's operations reserve is forecasted to remain around
the reserve target over the next 5 years. The hydro rate stabilization reserve has about $18M,
which is close to the target level but the plan is considering moving $6M, if available, into that
hydro rate stabilization reserve in anticipation of poor hydro years due to climate change. Slide
9 provides an overview of electric utility CIP spending, including a breakdown showing cost per
key grid modernization project and what portion is needed for aging infrastructure, system
reliability, and increased capacity. Slide 11 shows key messages and outreach strategies the City
Electric Utility is using to communicate with the public. Slide 14 outlines the estimated impact
of various proposed budget reductions for the electric utility, including eliminating vacant
Meter Reader positions and outsourcing bill printing and mailing. The electric rate is proposed
to increase 6 percent overall, which is equivalent to $5.10 for the median residential customer.
The UAC voted in favor of this recommendation.
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Commissioner Phillips noted this recommendation is much less controversial than the gas utility
and only one UAC commissioner voted against it because of a lack of strategy for incorporating
uncertainty into the rates. The UAC was very satisfied with the analysis and investments,
particularly in terms of grid modernization. Commissioner Phillips applauded staff's efforts to
find ways to delay or stretch out projects to keep rates low.
Councilmember Lu asked about the trajectory beyond 2031 for electric costs, revenue, and rate
increases.
Assistant Director Bilir offered that this is a 5-year forecast and the further they attempt to
forecast beyond that, the more uncertain the forecast becomes. Many things could change in
terms of commodity, policies, and regulations, so they do not forecast beyond those 5 years.
Director Kurotori added that one item they look at when forecasting is potential growth of
electric usage. More commercial activity and businesses moving in because of competitive rates
and new capacity should help the overall rate trajectory. They look 10 to 20 years out in terms
of transmission planning process and projected incoming loads and work with the California
Energy Commission on some factors. The State is looking to electrify everything and projections
reflect that. On a cost level, they are showing increased sales over time but because of the
unknowns in terms of economy, administration, and resources mix, they will have to revisit the
forecast again.
Councilmember Lu acknowledged the current load projection will be revisited at the end of
2026 and it is basically flat. Councilmember Lu noted load was 14 percent higher this year than
forecasted and asked how sensitive rates are to the load forecast.
Director Kurotori stated this is one of the prime questions UAC asked. If another 8 to 10
megawatt, medium-sized customer came in, that reduces rate requirements to 3 or 4 percent
because some investments are already booked into the infrastructure. Those customers have a
higher utilization rate and are predictable and efficient in power use, so the utility can more
efficiently provide them service.
Councilmember Lu asked how a residential increase of 1,000 more electric cars, hundreds of
home electrifications, and a couple thousand all-electric homes compare to a commercial
increase. Councilmember Lu wanted to see an increase of 5 percent instead of 6.
Acting Deputy Director Perkins offered that this load forecast is revisited multiple times a year
for hedging as well as benchmarking for the annual budget. They are not locked into future year
rate increases but if they overestimate load, they set themselves up for a double-digit rate
increase if it does not show up. Acting Deputy Director Perkins expressed cautious optimism for
lower increases in outer years, mostly from small, existing office space data center customers.
Acting Deputy Director Perkins noted the scale of electrification Councilmember Lu described
would have a similar impact, especially if they flatten their load.
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Director Kurotori estimated that a 10-megawatt increase for commercial may be an 8 to 10
percent load increase. Residential is roughly 20 percent of energy demand in the City, so more
EVs and electrification may create a 1 or 2 percent increase, which is not much of an effect.
Councilmember Lu referenced Table 2 on Packet Page 5 and noted operational costs in the last
year were around $8.4M less than expected and there are many more operational efficiencies
are proposed. Councilmember Lu wondered how sustainable those savings are and asked if
they are baked into the FY26 rate assumption.
Dave Yuan, Utilities Strategic Business Manager, stated some efficiencies are sustainable, such
as eliminating vacant Meter Reader positions and outsourcing billing, which are permanent
changes. Physical meter readers are not needed because the new AMI transmits those readings
digitally every month. Manager Yuan suggested the majority of the $8.4M savings in 2025 may
be related to commodity costs, so it is more seasonal/annual versus ongoing.
Assistant Director Bilir offered to look into the story around the $8.4M in savings and report
back with more details.
Councilmember Burt pointed out that the staff report states 2 decades of decline in electric
consumption because of efficiency programs. Councilmember Burt noted efficiency is still
occurring as electrification takes place and the AMI meters should empower individual users to
improve their efficiency because they can look at their consumption in a more granular way.
Councilmember Burt asked if there are any estimates on how much that will move the dial on
efficiency in coming years.
Manager Yuan stated they are launching time-of-use rates and will get a better sense of how
much savings it will produce in coming years. There is a small pilot right now but a full launch is
estimated for July/August 2026. The customer modifying their behavior for savings is when the
reduction will happen. On the operational side, they will be getting better transformer data, so
they can upsize or downsize transformers appropriately based on demand. They can also
measure the full pitch to prevent power loss in delivery.
Councilmember Burt stated that prior grid mod discussions highlighted that is lowers systems
outages, which has been an important discussion. Grid mod was first discussed for capacity
reasons but now the understanding is it enables better reliability and resiliency because it
replaces older equipment and is better technology. Councilmember Burt asked for an update
on setting goals for reliability.
Utilities COO Crowley responded they are looking at grid modernization to not only increase
capacity and prepare for electrification but also to look at legacy systems, improve system
reliability, and avoid failures that happen as systems age. Staff's plan is to come back to the
UAC in August or September to talk about reliability goals and find metrics that make sense for
Palo Alto. Utilities COO Crowley stated it is important to benchmark against neighboring
agencies but the direction from Council is to look at what Palo Alto wants those goals to be and
simplify the message for the community so they understand what reliability means for them.
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Councilmember Burt said that if the community is being asked to electrify, they will question
reliability when there is no longer gas. Councilmember Burt wanted to make sure the
community understands things like space heating already depend on electricity to push hot air
into the home. Councilmember Burt pointed out language in the packet that says, "continuing
to advocate for the Ames transmission source," which makes it sound like it is not settled.
Utilities COO Crowley responded that the Ames transmission source is not settled because it is
not built yet. The Council approved PG&E to build starting in 2034 or after, so the City wants to
provide direction and support PG&E as much as possible in moving that forward. They have
committed pre-construction dollars to it, so they have a project manager assigned and are
starting to look at permitting and environmental reviews that would allow them to construct it.
Councilmember Burt encouraged the staff to put more depth on the Ames transmission project
progress in reports to the Council and the community.
Councilmember Burt asked for an explanation of language on Packet Page 151: "Increases in
market resource adequacy requirements minus resource adequacy revenue projected to
decrease $4.4M from FY26 to FY28." Councilmember Burt noted this terminology is hard for
many folks to understand.
Acting Deputy Director Perkins explained that there are regulatory changes in how Western
Resource is planned to be treated in the expanded Day-Ahead Market. The City normally has
extra reliability which the City can sell but they will have to use more to meet increasing
compliance requirements, so there will not be excess to sell. The City is working with the
California ISO and the CEC on the requirements and how Western federal hydroelectric power
can be an asset to the grid. It is a new market rolling out in May 2026, so there are hiccups with
the federal and state folks working together.
Director Kurotori added that, on a higher level, the City needs to have enough capacity and
reserves as part of the greater CAISO grid in California, so they have projects available to make
sure that they have high reliability, which is called resource adequacy. Councilmember Burt
encouraged using the proper term along with a good description going forward.
Councilmember Burt stated the bottom line is how much additional revenue Palo Alto gets
because of their green electricity. Councilmember Burt noted it is important for residents to
know that when the City went green early and at low cost, they also got the additional benefit
of being paid for it on top of that, which is an important story to communicate.
Councilmember Burt referenced where Slide 15 says renewable energy targets are rising and
asked how that affects Palo Alto, given the City is carbon neutral. Acting Deputy Director
Perkins explained that they hit a 60 percent RPS renewable percentage 5 or so years ago and
then Council approved selling the extra renewable credits in order to lower costs and help
facilitate electrifying everything. By 2030, the required percentage of renewables will be 60
percent, so the surplus green attributes that are being monetized to lower costs will not be
there on an average basis.
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Councilmember Burt asked about the hydro stabilization reserve's status and why it needs to be
replenished by about $6M? Assistant Director Bilir explained the reserve is currently at $18.7M,
which is around the target level but they are looking at increasing the target level by $6M for
FY27 to mitigate future hydro risks such as drought creating pricing spikes. Councilmember Burt
wondered if the reserve increase of $6M could be spread over 2-3 years instead of 1 year.
Assistant Director Bilir reemphasized that when there was a previous drought, they
implemented a hydro rate adjuster, which had a significant impact on customer bills. From a
staff perspective, they are trying to make sure they do not have price impacts to customers all
at once. It was noted that the previous rate spike was in 2023, when the reserves were low
from a combination of drought and COVID rate freezes.
Director Kurotori emphasized the importance of the electric utility having reserves.
Acting Deputy Director Perkins opined that spreading the reserve increase over 2-3 years was
reasonable and added that the reserve was established 6 or 7 years ago and there are
differences in dispatch for hydro and increasing volatility in California, so they will have
increased exposure over the long term with their current portfolio. Even if it is spread over 2-3
years, it might delay a larger increase later when the reserve guidelines are updated.
Councilmember Burt Councilmember Burt reiterated he supports raising the reserve but
wondered if it can be spread over 2-3 years. Chair Lauing agreed with this idea and noted his
desire to have a broader conversation on reserve depths and where funds can be shared
between reserves because that will help manage the mini-crises they are intended to address.
Assistant City Manager Nose reminded the Committee that this is the one fund that will go out
to the public or private financial markets in the next 6 to 9 months. The cash on hand, reserve
policies, risk, and committee discussions will influence the very first rating for this utility for the
grid mod bond. Director Kurotori said it is important to have positive revenue going back into
the reserves to show the market that the City is prepared for the grid mod and taking the
necessary steps to ensure they are financially sound.
Councilmember Lu noted that $3M is 1.5 percent of the total budget. He wondered if spreading
the reserve replenishment over 2 years, $3M per year, would mean they could move for a 4.5
percent rate increase instead of 6 percent. Acting Deputy Director Perkins confirmed.
Item 2 Public Comment – None
MOTION: Councilmember Burt moved, seconded by Councilmember Lauing, to recommend the
City Council adopt a Resolution (Attachment A):
1. Approving the Fiscal Year 2027 Electric Utility Financial Forecast shown in this staff
report and attachments; and
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2. Approving the transfer at the end of FY 2026 of up to $5 million from the Electric Utility
Distribution Operations Reserve to the Electric Utility Capital Reserve; and Amending
Electric Rate Schedules (Attachment A, Exhibit 1) effective July 1, 2026 (FY 2027):
a. E-1 (Residential Electric Service)
b. E-1 TOU (Residential Time of Use Electric Service)
c. E-2 (Residential Master-Metered and Small Non-Residential Electric Service)
d. E-2-G (Residential Master-Metered and Small Non-Residential Green Power
Electric Service
e. E-4 (Medium Non-Residential Electric Service)
f. E-4-G (Medium Non-Residential Green Power Electric Service)
g. E-4 TOU (Medium Non-Residential Time of Use Electric Service)
h. E-7 (Large Non-Residential Electric Service)
i. E-7-G (Large Non-Residential Green Power Electric Service)
j. E-7 TOU (Large Non-Residential Time of Use Electric Service)
k. E-14 (Street Lights)
l. E-EEC-1 (Export Electricity Compensation) to reflect forecasted avoided cost for
FY 2027, and
m. E-NSE-1 (Net Metering Net Surplus Electricity Compensation) to reflect avoided
cost for CY 2025.
3. Increase the hydro reserve up to $6 million over a 2 year period ($3 million per year)
with a corresponding reduction in the rate increase
MOTION PASSED: 3-0
3. Recommendation to the City Council to: Adopt a Resolution Approving the Fiscal Year 2027
Schedule of Airport Rates and Charges; Accept the Palo Alto Airport Rates and Charges
Study; and Authorize Annual Adjustments to Airport Fees and Charges Based on the Airport
Benchmark Index (ABI), as Described in the Study; CEQA Status – Exempt Under Section
15061(b)(3)
Michael Luetgens, Manager of Palo Alto Airport Operations, presented the staff
recommendation related to airport rates and charges FY27. The City entered into a contract
with Ascension Group Partners (AGP) for a fee study to determine appropriate fees to
sufficiently cover the budgeted expenses for the Airport Enterprise Fund. AGP has an in-depth
knowledge of aviation fee structures and they provided recommendations to allow for a self-
sustaining fund. Multiple considerations were taken into account. An overview of the fee study
recommendations was shown on Slides 3 and 4. The fee methodology used was a hybrid
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compensatory-residual approach that included market-based pricing, fair market value, and
landing fee structure. There are 2 grant assurances in place saying the airport should be self-
sustainable, have reasonable fees, and use revenue for the airport. The airport plans to fund
$12.5M in capital improvements through 2030. Federally funded projects are essential for
safety and include runway, taxiway, and electrical upgrades. Other projects are self-funded by
the Airport Enterprise Fund and include solar or vehicle charging stations. Slide 7 shows a fee
comparison between Palo Alto and other airports in the Bay Area. Palo Alto sits at the high end
of the local fee range, especially tie-down and hangar rates, which are not being proposed to
increase. The Airport Benchmark Index fees are raised annually based on the CPI of San
Francisco/Oakland Bay Area.
Chair Lauing asked how transient fees are collected. Airport Operations Manager Luetgens
responded that the airport entered into a contract with Altaport, who collect fees through flight
tracking or ADS-B, which records when the aircraft lands and takes off and automatically sends
a bill afterward.
Chair Lauing appreciated the staff report and recognized they are pushing the envelope to get
more expensive relative to other areas and using the right tone in communicating these
changes.
Councilmember Burt expressed thanks for the report and asked how demand versus supply
looks for hangars and tie-downs. Councilmember Burt recalled a historic shortage on hangars
and asked how much of a wait list there is. Airport Manager Swanson replied that there are
different levels of demand for each hangar size. There are 60 non-commercial hangars on the
field, all occupied. There are 3 hangar wait lists. The large T-hangar wait list has about 10
people on it but none have turned over in years. There are 12 box hangars and the wait list is
25. There are 42 small T-hangars and that wait list is about 30 individuals. Councilmember Burt
suggested hangar pricing should increase, since demand exceeds supply. Airport Operations
Manager Luetgens responded that Grant Assurance 24 states their rates must be reasonable
and fair. AGP looked at other airports and found Palo Alto to be at the high end of the price
range, so price increase for hangars was not recommended.
Councilmember Burt asked what the P&L projection is with the proposed increases. Brad
Eggleston, Public Works Department Director, shared that the airport has been operating at a
loss of around $200K for the last few years and these pricing increases should bring in around
$210K.
Councilmember Burt noted the airport operates lean in addition to having higher fees and
asked for an explanation of them operating at a loss. Airport Manager Swanson responded that
part of them operating at a loss of $200K is due to what they inherited when the City took the
airport back, including a general fund loan and deferred maintenance. Annual revenues for the
airport are a little over $3.2M while the general fund loan payback is $272K annually until
around 2032.
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Councilmember Lu acknowledged the fees have to be reasonable and fair and asked if there
any specific restrictions on hangar prices not increasing. Airport Manager Swanson reiterated
that the fees have to be fair and consistent with the rates that are charged around the area at
comparable airports, which is what the AGP study looked at. Councilmember Lu agreed with
Councilmember Burt that a higher hangar fee could be justified and is something he wants to
see next time. Airport Manager Swanson added that the hangars are very old and there is
maintenance with downtime and repairs, so a challenge is the quality of hangars being
provided.
Ryan Lieck, AGP Partners, provided more insight into the hangar fees. When it comes to rates
and charges, the FAA's guidance is keeping the methodology fair, consistent, and transparent.
They do not prescribe a particular methodology for aeronautical use, so AGP used a hybrid
approach of looking at comparable values and balancing the budget based on landing fees. For
non-aeronautical use, the FAA is very specific that it has to be fair market value and they have a
document that provides guidance on the appraisal method for determining that. AGP made
sure aeronautical rates were regionally competitive and used the landing fee for transient
users.
Councilmember Lu opined fees should be more aggressive and noted the transient fees may
still be undercharged, given they are 27 percent of landed weight but only about 1 percent of
fees charged.
AGP Partners Lieck added that with the new fees proposed, it is hard to forecast revenue
because there is no current usage. In 1 or 2 years, there will be data on those to get more
insight into revenue and what can be charged and forecast revenue better going forward.
Director Eggleston added that the authorization from the City Council upon takeover of the
airport was that these fees were set and gave authorization to increase them by CPI every year,
which is what has been done since 2014. The current recommendation includes putting them in
the municipal fee schedule after this year, which gives more leverage and leeway to look at
how this is working and make more adjustments to tweak as they go.
Councilmember Burt liked the proposed change in methodology going forward and Burt agreed
with Councilmember Lu's interest in transient fees increasing going forward. Councilmember
Burt stated the transient planes have been undercharged while affecting the airport and the
community in terms of more landings and takeoffs, so charging them more is better for the
budget and community.
Chair Lauing added that residents will be happy about shifting more charges to non-residents.
Item 3 Public Comment: Marie-Jo Fremont, Palo Alto resident, was glad the analysis was done
and the City is concerned about the lack of profitability of PAO. Marie-Jo Fremont stated the
airport lost $200K in FY25 and is projected to lose another $175K in FY26 and noted there is no
published historical report on the airport's profitability since the City became the owner in
2014. Marie-Jo Fremont asserted this data should be made public and this fee analysis
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reinforces the need for disclosing PAO-related financial information for every year since 2014.
Marie-Jo Fremont said that financial information disclosure is critical, given that the airport is
engaged in long-range planning activities and such disclosures must occur before Council is
asked to approve further capital investments.
MOTION: Councilmember Lu moved, seconded by Councilmember Lauing, to recommend the
City Council:
1. Adopt a resolution approving the Fiscal Year 2027 Schedule of Airport Rates and
Charges;
2. Accept the Palo Alto Airport Rates and Charges Study; and
3. Authorize annual adjustments to airport fees and charges based on the Airport
Benchmark Index (ABI), as described in the Study, as part of the annual Municipal Fee
Schedule adoption.
MOTION PASSED: 3-0
Adjournment: The meeting was adjourned at 6:50 p.m.