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HomeMy WebLinkAboutORD 2654-.--~---,,-------------------------.. • <• . ·., .. , ; ....... ' ' ' ~ .. ~ ~ • t ORIGINAL '' . . \ . ., \ ORDINANCE NO. 2654 ORDINANCE OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PALO ALTO ADDING CHAPTER 18.71 ( 0-S OPEN SPACE pISTRICT REGULATIONS) TO THE PALO ALTO MUNICIPAL CODE The council of the City of Palo Alto does ORDAIN as follows: ARTICLE I ----- The City· Council does hereby find and ~eclare a_s follows: 1. Through its general plan and zoning ordinances based thereon, Palo Alto provides a community in which essentially -every t~e cf. traditi6nal . ·1and use is permitted and exists •. \ , ' This includes lands devoted to the following uses: resijential, commercial~ industrial, ~gricul tural, recreational a·nd conununi ty . '· ,·. -. ' . -'~ ' . service facilities, both public and private. UThis' var,iety of develo:t>ed·. l~rid. uaes is oriented a~? available t9 and utiiiz;;d c by all social iinet economic ie·ve~s. Having provided this extensive range of· usesr recognizing that the category: ._of op~n space land ~ is ~ land use equai in .l.mporta.11ce·.to the traditiohal cat-egories r --• '. . ' • .r .. , . / j ;_. enumerated 'above;· fUJ:'ther recognizing tha .. .' Palo Alt9 -has . essentially ·reached the. saturiltion point in permitting a broad raru;re. of 'd~veloped 'larid uses,-· .which poiht cannot be excoed~d --,-.:;~ --~ --( ) . . . witili6ut ·an unnecessa~y ancf Unj~~tlfied cl1sr;ega~d of the·· i~~rt'ance of:'i~a~~ng · 'tindeve16p~~ th~t open· IJpace land' s·f11i·: '?:eina.tni'riq~'~lthin city 1.i.niits; :,'-~nd 'xuith'Eir -~ecoqni_z~~g~ th-at,; 6rt·ce portl9n!!J or··~ii of th~f 're~ining op~fi "sp·a·~e~ land ~~tlii~ -oi.~y:> ilttlts_:-is· -P.~·fitl fi;~d·· · . '·. --~--. . -. . -. -. -' --: ~ -. . . . ;• __ • • . -_ .• ·, •• • _.,_,_ • ' ' •. · _ ... _ .• ,--,~---:-.:· ._, __ ,_y ··J . ~·. • -.· •. -·; • .' to develop wi~·any_~~ubs:t'ant1~1-degree of intensity·cas t;raditioilal°iy '··;- .-;._:; .. ·.·-;--; ··:;~:;~~dt~~~:;~~:y~~···.~:.:;~:~~:·~;;r:~!}~:··:~:t~t~~~~'"· ··.··. ··'./~ ·op_e~ ·sp,ace ~:1ana· '1-s.:a. _ol:ii~~ca:f i:y · ii~it~ci>artd-·w1~lili'ie-.~et~olirc~:-~h}-b~( ::<· ·-· ··" • ' -L ::--:;-_ c•"•L '• ..... ---.' '"··': ~ ·'··_-.·-· . -.~ _:_. -·_. -··. ·.-·> .. ·· ~:-·:~:~·-.-_.·· -· . ·_,··. ~~ :-.:. .. " •• --. -~·---'._-~:·· -.;. . . -~--·.,: must-b~ .. J?:reserved and·~*ohsefyed .wh~reve.t p()sil:iJ3).'e\ ' -· .... ---.; ,. > ,· --~ • ,• ; • --• '"_ ''__.. L·,I)··-· "-:::~ •·~Cl,·,_,...• •. ·' • --.-•• ~-~: .·,·:.--_'~~-._ ~· _._ •• -' •·· •. • •,•CI' ' -, -·'. ·2. The preservation, and _conaervation ·of-··o:P$ii ·space'-' land ·i• :, -~ _ · ·"-·< ;--~: ne,c:~~BarY to asstiri. l~i ~~g~~d . •1'•h1ifrf frw:fo#.{~~1J~it.tt~r . ·•·.·• .<1' -~-·:... .. -~t~': .· '-,. -:~·;" ·--,.-·.·, .. ;,_: ~ : :: ·.- ·., . ~ '-'. . ·.1 .• -~.'- . ·,. ... :· , .,,· ' ~ . • • purposes, for the enjoyment' of scenic beauty, for recreation, for protection of the ·ecology and environment, for the containment of urban sprawl and structuring of urbah development, and for retention in its natural or near natural state to protect the conununi ty against hazards res.ul ting from its disturbance by man or nature. 3 .. . . ' It is in the public interest to avoid unnecessary con- -~··~-.,: :: ,·,I '1 ~ version of open space land to strictly urban uses, thereby pro- tecting against the resultant adverse impacts, such as air, noise and water pollution,·destruction of scenic beauty, disturbance of the ecology and environment, hazards related to geology, fire. and flood, and other demonstrated consequences 0£ urban sprawl. -: ' ~ - 4. The Open Space Element of the Palo Alto Gener(;l Plan has been. ·the ·subject 6£ e:Ktensive study and deliberation by the ,,, staff, Planning commission, and council, drawing upon a wide. variety of relevant expertise. This effort has resulted in t.li.e development and adoption of a statement. of functions, goals, ., policies, action programs,· classiJications and'inventories of . ~. -/ .:, .;; - ... , open -spaces_~ This 0pen space Element must be implemented, among . ' ::· other ways,.· by a regulat~·~y zoning-·ordinance governiq.g the uses of open space land. Further, th'e anticipateq increase in the population . 9f the '"San·· -Frttncisco ··aa.y· Area, the ... Midpe'ninsula, ·arid Palo A:ito_demands t'liat the City effectuate. the· Ope.n space . ·•·. ,· . . .. ·. ·- >El~ent· of the ·'Pa:Lo A,l.~o'<<,;e'rleraf.Plan 'at the earliest possible,,,· -.. . . ·--'. . : -- di!,te and thereby ··a.s~tiref t:h~·t<the ifrt:.ereats of . all of !.ts people -.. ,· ."\ : ... ' .·-·' .-_._: . .. . . . are-·met'· tht"~~gh ~the orderly \;ro"th. and development off the c'ity-' -_--.. · . ' -~----- and the ·pres~rvatiort' ari<l :conset_\tati()n .. 'd:C ''its ·ilmited and· .. '.va~u~l~ ,~~soJrde.ii··. ,; · ,. • • ' • ••• • + ••• · .. "' ARTICLB·.lI SECTIOt-l T .... Th&-:dity d'~{mc11--h•it~by add•~--Chapter· 1a .. 71 '0-S. .. . . .. . :. t> . 'opert ~:spacEf· 6i~tr~ct R'eg~l&ti9n• :to. th• P•_l6-Ali!o · Munic;_~~-tti code, . . to read-a:J foll<>Ws : ·, !_'-·: . _._ ... z .... -":· ··-';_ ' ~ . . ; ,~. .. ; -·. / ·-' ~ : . .1.: .. :• ";,- . '· -• ' •. > J '. ·.• • • "CHAPTER 18.71 0-S OPEN SPACE DISTRICT REhULATIONS Section: 18.71.010 18.71.020 18.71.030 1'8.71.040 18.71.050 18.71.060 .18.71~070 18.71.080 18.71 .. 090 , 18.71.100 ,· 1 8 • 7 1 • 1 1 0 18.71.120 18.11.130 18.71.140 Purpose ·oefinitions Regulations es.tablished Site and design app~oval required ui;.es permitted . . . ·. uses requiring use permits Lot area Maximum.building coverage Front vard Side ·yards Rear·ya~ds Autompbile. Buiiding height limit .special regulations . 18~ 71.010 :Purees~. The ·purpos·e and fntent of this district is. (a)· to protect the public health, safety and welfare; (b) to protect and preserve open.space land as: a limited and·valuaple resource; (c) to permit the ·rea­ ~onabie. use 'qf ppert spa:ce land, while . at thE? same time preserving and proteotingits.inhe:terit open space :char­ acteristics to assure its·:.continued ava~.l~bility ·for the following: . •.as agricul tutai ial'id, scenic land~ recreation land I 'CcJflServatiOn Or nat\iral. reSOUi:'Ce' land; . for the . < . contai:ninant of urban sprawl arid the st;r1.icturing of° urban ·development, and for the re~sntion of land in its natural or<fiear natural. state to protect· life and pr9pe.rty in 1:h'e <.ivmtnunity from the hazards of fire, f1ood and seismiq· activity; and (d) :t,o_ coordinate with ajid carry out federal, State I -regional I COUnty 1 .. aii.d City Open Space "'plans·. . 18.71.020 .. Definitions. As.used. in this chapt_er, unless otherwi1;1e apparent from the context, the following . definitions shall·'apply: , --~ . · .. . , . .·. ~ (a) "conservatio.i:i or Natu~al~~ R~sO'urc:e .J'..iai1Q, ,{ lranct· which· possesses or encotnpas'ses conserv~tion cit natural' resources • . ., . . ~: -...... ·.• ~' '· -. . . Cb> 11 ttin!ie:tvati"o'n or N.aturai .-R.~s.~ur¢~~" 'includes, but .is 11ot necessarily limi;te4 .to s_tre",Uts, w~tershe'ds·~ grpUJ'id wa~er r~char9e, soil.a,: wi0ldiife ·nabi.tat. as defi;ned herei:n; .·. _specia_11,l(lnd 'formaj ·'natural veqetation~· . .•.. , . . > .. ~·~ •I ' • , ~ .. ,. ·.· (c) . 11 ~~:i\•:spa~e~·-La~d,1i·'i.ny' pare~.l/or: area of 1il¥id . . . e$sent_ial·1y :.~Jif:liUipt'6veC1 :oi iti 'its natliral ~~at~; and ·aevot-ed · ~Ci an qpen°sp'ace ·l\se .~s.'der.i,ned herein'; arid :which-' is de;;.'·· si·gnated ill tile Open Spac~ Element 'for atf· open space use-. • -+ - -• • ... -• • -~ - .. · • .. •:(?> ·' ~•op!J1>$pace·ofst'l:id~:," ~.~Y·-1 ~~~a·&£ ~~;rid ot .we1t~r , d~si~ri.ateg·. •·o ... s..(·~ ~tjd<~\Wje¢t ·tb'-~.11,·'of''th·e·'terms and .· . : ·· -r~gulatiOns of ·_this' ·ch~pter ~ · ., · · · · ' -=~ -. --: -.· - - ·.'{$) i•0pf:irj;·' Spae;:e· Osen ·me.an~ -~h~\us~ ~f·· __ l'and ibr·. ·. ; -~ -· -> -·~-· -----~-~--.--._· - - -'-:-_>,. -, . ~· ·: ·. ·-· {.>-' ' ' . -· ··c n ' :PUblic . ·recre ition< > ... • . . . ' ·> .. ···t~>:~:)!l}joY.•.li~ -:<>£~c ~c::~~id ···J;>•aut.y,_-· __ .-. ·. ( 3) . Cons$rvaticfri' cir \isEf::of :CJ1atuial resourdes <4>· ProCiuetion ·6f".:t6C:>d:ot :f'ioer (,S) PX:ote:<::~J«m. '0£ ~,:·and :111~_-· artifacts. . ... '(bµiJd.inqs , property, etc.) . . . , · · - · f6 >: CQ)1t;~~nmerit and -structlirinq :of···urh~n -~-dewlop~nt· · · · · . . . - . ·~j.- \ : .. · . ._' ,· --f\_~> _; - ' I • ' . I .1 . ~ .. . I "• .. ( .. } • • (£) "Recreation land, .. any area of land or water suscep­ · tible to recreational \lsea. (g) "Scenic land, u. any area of land or water whi<?h. possesses scen;c qualitiea·worthy of preservation. (h) "Wildlife··habitat,n any area of land or water -valuable or necessary to the preservation· or enhancement of .wildlife resources. _ 18. 11.030· Reiulations ·established. The followi119' _ _ specific regulat1ons arid the general regulation~ set .forth in Chapter· 1s._as of'.this code shall apply in all o-s districts. 1 B. 71 • 040 ~1 t~ and· 'design approval required. All ua~s permitted within· this distrI'Ct including those for which. -·a -use perm:~t is required shall be subject to approval for\'anY development, construction·, or· improvements as provided:; f!'l Chaptex · 18. 82 of this code. ·.;-~ -. 1s.11-~oso uses·pertnitted. 1~ cAgricul.t:ural uses: ... -.- a) 1:>) ' ··c> d)' animal huspandry crops dairying horticulture, including nurseries livestock farming -e) 'f) . g) ' tree· farming . _ .. . _ ._ .. Viticulture and· similar uses not incon·sistent· with.the· intent·and purpose.Of this chapter; but excluding'· hog 'farming. · · --· 2. B9t.an~cai .con$ervatories·1. 0-U:tdoor i1ature _;1.aboz·atories; and similar< facilities. ~ -~.. . , . 3. Natiye wild1ife:·sal:tctuaries. · .:---~ :-. ' 4. one-family: dwellings.-·,_: · · ~-·: , -· · s. · Accessory· ·bui1d±ngs arid,-a~e·~.sbry: us~s •.. . ; • '\ :" ,-J . . ' . - ·-. . -· 18_. 71 -~06:0· 'Q$$_$_~:'§•gQi:rittiiiU$E -~erti\tt:~f~ ·A u•~ -~rJt\l t ; -·sh41!-·:b~ ~irs·t;,}:)b:t«-. ----~ ·--.for -e · fo:;aw~iii.·'.~s'~ -•s·.ttcsvi.ded - :in_:··Q1~4f?t.er~-1~:..9,o:of b'1ia.:_eodt•r ::when·tbe ~pl)l+c?t. Cl\n , , -_ _ _ ect-ablia_li .. ildequ• te · ~htat4._f i~ati?~ -~-_tjlat·,Jili~ :· propo1eac, .use · wi 11 . ·'pa· -consis'tff~':e~ ·azic1' comp_atible .-:wtth ti'le' 'in tetit and~ p'Q.rp<)•• of; . _ . ~i:~. Ob~p~'rl<arid'_,i:h'it-.-th_e nwDbti!r· ·of :~ldPioyees: atid _:i:es.id,~t- -p_opul~t;.todfji:lj_~+1·:.,app~oximate· that' which'. woul.d result_ t~!lm;-_ a priJ'.l'c~P,-al·:;.t>El~t~~~'. ~e~: -· _ ~-" . · _-_ -_ -~-:.;:. · -·· . •·'iti~t;~UJ~~~~f:~~)~~l~~~!~y·2:;~~i~•phii~·~~ic . ' ·:-.<;.. - - · 3. ~u_tts1; -2-i_a.n_-c_· ~--e• .. - 4_/.-~_) - _ _ -~-~. ~~'cik~~~~~n~~>:uat!··-~n~1u41n~: ri~ln~ ~·ac~d•riu.e•, ciubii~ -st~les i oountrt ·'c_l\lba·; 'and :_goJ.f··'courses·.;· . . -- '·-. ·--· . ~ -. . . -4- ··: ·.-.· ..-.-.· " ,._ : i •,...,, t • ..I . · ... ' • ii •• .. • • 18.71.070 Lot area. Minimum lot area.shall be 10 acres.: 18. 71 .080 Maximum building coverage. The maximum impervious area and buildlng coverage, shall be 3.5 per cent. . 18. 71 •090 Front yard. ·of thirty · ( 30) · feet. ' , ''; J 18~71~100 Side yards. of thirty ( 30) feet. 1a.11.11c: ,Rear yards. of thirty (30)'·teet •. c. Front yards Side yards Rear yards shall be ·a minimum ' shall be a minimum -_\ shall be a minimum 1 8. 71 • 120 ·Autoinobi le • Four ( 4) Cclr~ spaces sh al 1 be required for .each dwelling :unit, one of :wh.ich shall be· covered parking. Such spaces shall no~ be located in any requited frqnt or side yard. ' . 18. 7l,.13p Building height.limit. Buildings shall not exceed two (2). stoires t or twen:ty-liv'e (25) ·feet. · 18. 71. 140. Special Regulatl.ons ~- '' . 1. "Geologioal"soils InV:~Stig~tJr;i&:: and Report. All a.ppli,ca,tions~ for. site a~d ~sign Appt:oval shall'be acc~mpanied by a combined ·_in-"-d,ept}l 9eolog.iQ_ and· soils;;-. . , . investigation· and report p1;epareg by a regis"t!erad geqlogist .·. certi:Cied bf the State of cali:f9rnia as an, enginee.~ing geqlogist, arid by .a licenseCJ. 'qivil engineer qualifi,ed ,in soil -mechanics •.. Such report Shall;,bE!>based On. s,urface·, sub-surface, and laboratory' i:P,vest'igatlorts anc.t e'xainfna-. ' ,:..,._._ _--' · tions and:. shall· fully ,and clearl~·\ present: '(a) ·all . :Pertinen't dat?a, .. irtterf)retations cmd evaiuatfqps ;. '(b) .the s;i,gnificance of t;he data, intetj>retat.ions· and e\ial'µatio~s· . l:fith ·respect to th~· actual developmen~ oX' · impl.ementation·,~.of·. · ·at ·the . interideui land : us~~ ·.anCI wj_th respect to the 'effect. upon: future getjlogical protesstt,. .. b9th on a.:ncf off·.the · si"te; (c) '. · · ·reeommendations ·-:for ii.riy ·a\jditic?n~l. investigations,, that J _shouid be: made. " All· costs :and ex}>'enses .i'..rtc'urri!id:. as ·a. rel;ul t of;_ · ·~~-~if!qtiiX:~l\f;s .Qf. ·tp~s-::a•¢tf.6n/~:. il)_dludfl)q···~~~ CO!;;ts and.· ··e~ense~of ~n\ind$pendent review ·of· the; material sUbmitted hereund.~r by'::::qu:a.i.t.:fied ·P:~r:aons ·retained b)I' · 1;h_e city·, sjia11 .. ·· .be _·borne 'by the app1_i.carit'. < • ., ' • · .• :.· ·' < '_ · · · .. · :,/: ~F·.·. ··.·~~-_-.H~~~~~pfnci~· ·. ~;~e~~el<~~t~ri~~. ril~~ai ~ge~f't:i9n · I I I i · .. ··:_,-I . ·.· · 1 ... .-, .· -1 ... --~ ' :..•" ·. and»~-land foxma·tJ,otts. :Shall r$nu.(in··•itt\a';;,ru1,tural state· unless ' ·~ffi'Catiori :. is .tC>\irid. t6 btf~ necess:a~y)!£o~ ·a llipEioffi.f:(.·~~s~; . ·· ·:. ·ai19wfi!d · herein·<tj:i~(?\lgh: the<·$.i~e:.:'. a#4 J'~~sigri:')\pprovalij~roc~d.ure. ·'--··" _.: ·· -'.~e~lio.~i()r(·:or. ~1JmiA-_t10~':9f -·£~;:~·~·~.a):.~~~?~.wtlt~9eqrE!<fu~r,~~ · "he#e·,~a•.ry .. corit;!!;lritta.ti'ons. _9~<fl~ao1:~.::vegetoat'.i~oi\.:ocmirs.~ .. .1· .. ·-~:: ~r .• :~· ,_._·· . . . ··. _;·permi·tte·g,· ,as·1?rovlded. in irftle-; s 6f;:thl~:~od~:~.~~ _",. :· > · ,; · · . , · · . , ·:,· ~, . . . . . _·l:\ ~'· A~deii'$: ;'t9 ':~.Ot~'\tlie:a!.t~~d~:}~ :tj:~~ks, -~~ritie\tt~ys r' _ .. ', .. · ·tt~tls;.~or .. :tunways .fotJ!lut~6biles,·'·truc~s{,bl.ises,"or motor""'· , .. c:y~1~s or~ 6~~r ~~·~_e:l.!~·_V.h~_dl'~ 'Ji~l:f,·ii()~_-' ~~'.'deyelqpetf t!~c~pt upon 'the see!lI'.i,.ng «;>f :Site'·::and''oesiqn''Apptovai.~· ·,No such. '·, ... ~, : " -I .', -~• .-~-' -• • t_~ . ' ' --~ . ~--. ·_, ,·· · . .'-•:._ J} • > i ,_ ~ ..... . ~. . ..; ... ~ .. ·'· \ _. -,· ~::"i ~- I -~ • • approval shall be granted except:upon :findin9 that the purpose· _for wh_ich -the roads, tracks, drivew~,_ya, trails, or runways are proposed ia·essential for the establishment or maintenance of a uae which is expressly permitted herein 'and that the deaiqn ·and locati()n·of the proposed roads, tracks,-d:riveways, trails~ or runways will be compatible with the terrain. The· use of all roads, tracks, driveways, trails, -9r runways existing at the time of the adoption of, this chapter which are nonconformini;r or have been established · · without proper approvals shall be termin-ated and shall be -returned _to natural terrt.in unlesr:[l ··given approval· in acco;c:dance with the regulations set-forth in this chapter. . 5~ GradinS. No grading for which a grading permit is requir.c!d shaiie authorized--except upon the securing of .Site and Design Approval. No such approval shall be granted except upon_ a findijlq that· .-the purpos~ for which' the grading '.' is proposed· is essential fOi! the' establishment . or maintenance of ·a use which is expressly permitted herein and that the design, sccip_e·, and location of .the grading px-oposed"will be compatible with adjacent· are:'as and will result in the least disturbance of the terrain and· 'natural land features. All grad,ing for which no pe~its o:t approvals are required .~hall be subject to. the_ provisions set ·forth· iri this . chapter. .·, . . 6. -Soi:l~·Erosi'.Qtr and Land Manage·:ment. No. site and -design ·plan sfiall_be approved unless·itincludes soil . e1:6sion and sediment~control measures irt. -a6cordance with ·any adopted prl.::edures, technical standar4s.and apecifica­ ti-ons of the Planning-Commission. :.No approval will be ·qran~ed unless all pesded erosion ·control msasures h~ve been completed ·or SUD$tantially pro'.rided · for in_ acco~dance with said-standards and<spectfi.catiot19•-·'The·_ applicant·· shall bea.t the fina1 .. rssp¢~1iibil~~Y ·for the in'stallation an.d construction of all "required· erosion control measures according to. the px'ovisfons o'f·:said-standards and· spe'c~:fications. - '., ''7~ · S®d.tvis;tc:m. A.11· di\1is:i:6ns of. land into four. (4) ,._or more' parcelfi!, ·a.hai_l-be cies.i:gn~d on tjle cluster'' ·pri~cipie. aml:_sha.i1,_be.:de·s~gned to: Jt\ihimize··.roads; to· :inin~Ifii-e'-cut,-fill,: .an~-9raqing 'op~~atioU,!ft :t.o locate . devel,opme'nt ··in -lei!& -~~tt.h~:Z. than (flare c;~n&pi:cuous · areas; and to aehie~ ·· (\\e. ·putpoae of this~ ·chapter. ., . · · ' . .l: '/ ' . ' \ ': -. ~ \" . ,· ~ _ _ "·a., :·~sutnist.·ati~~icf'1o't$. AJ1y··patce~·,of fa~d. not _ .. 'meeting the area -c:>r .. '·dimenslqn requirement$ of this chapter _ s~al l .b~ c:leemed , a , ;tl.~:fta:l bui 1d:inq -site :·if· 11ft.\.ch-pare~ i wau~ · .. a -~,l;,,.·~t,f\11 );)'ui:+:~iflq. Sj;te··on· tfiEt effective'.'date.' pf this._;· ., . cll'~~~~:~. /j,.11-:C._tli$r<,;equitf!mel'ltfi -of. th~s, ehapter slfa1r~ .. :~P.ply: -t<>. any such ~&!eel\"· ··.-: -· · . • _ ... ;, . .;.··: / -_ ·---·,_ -... ,, -~- -~-· --, ·,,.·:· ·_, '-.- ( } . ·., ~- . -. ~ -;.: : _,.- •'_ .. · ;,; ~' . ·-· .. ' .. ~-. --~- ,, -...... _ -: - • • SECTION 2. This ordinance shall-become effective upon the expiration of thirty days-from its pasaage. INTRODUCED: May 15, 1972 PASSED: June 5, 1972 AYES: UNANIMOUS NOES: _ABSENT: ; -· .. NONE -NORTON . AP. .PROV . : . j!_-_. . -I ·~ -~J ¢~~-~---_-- . ~ ~· ( .? '<_· ~--, ~ -•. =-.J.: :,. .. ·.-.·:- . '\.\; \\':·, -' --: -~ . \ .. ·. _,_. ,-~ ,_ . . . _....,, . -.... _ L ,••• -.. -· . ,_, ·r-· J) --. -~! i'-:7.7 ~-,_ . Mayor e e '·: ·/J~~~.,, ~ s-- ~~:' ~~, ,f-4 .. ~ /i~J~~ ,,,ci_.,t/L /JrZfJ. ~-C-(£~<'1~ 'd,~/U!r --'· -.· -~: -~ .-. . -::;. ... -·: ..;- ·" . ·' :._f." ·_ .. , . -~-:-~. -~ ·• -\ ·. ·-_ ~---. .. _ .. --.. _.,· -~ . : ~ - ;<"_- -. : ~