HomeMy WebLinkAboutStaff Report 2507-4924CITY OF PALO ALTO
CITY COUNCIL
Special Meeting
Wednesday, October 22, 2025
Council Chambers & Hybrid
5:30 PM
Agenda Item
3.Reinforcing Best Practices in Managing Consultant Services Staff Presentation
City Council
Staff Report
From: City Manager
Report Type: STUDY SESSION
Lead Department: City Manager
Meeting Date: October 22, 2025
Report #:2507-4924
TITLE
Reinforcing Best Practices in Managing Consultant Services
RECOMMENDATION
City Council review and discussion of ongoing work to ensure high quality and valuable services
developed through the engagement of professional consultants.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report provides a review of the current and planned work for the consultant engagement
review project. At its meeting on May 28, 2025, the Policy & Services Committee received a
report on this effort and provided feedback to staff. This report provides an updated status report
based on the Committee’s feedback as well as subsequent progress by staff.
BACKGROUND
The City of Palo Alto regularly engages professional consultants for a wide variety of functions.
These include, for example:
Planning, architectural, engineering, and construction management for capital
improvement projects;
Specialized and supplemental staffing for land use planning, processing entitlement
applications, building permitting and inspection, as well as other operations;
Specialized recreation, arts, and enrichment programming for community classes,
summer camps, and other public services;
Development of studies and plans on a broad range of topics in areas such as economic
development, transportation, and facilities planning.
Attachment A provides a list of consultant contracts approved by the City Council in 2024,
reflecting the broad range of consultant services used by the City.
The majority of City Council priority objectives rely on consultant services for their timely
completion. The use of consultants is critical to the City’s ability to produce the volume and range
of services expected and required by the community. It is equally important that circumstances
under which consultants are engaged be clearly identified and that the quality of work products
provide the value expected.
ANALYSIS
Core Principles
Project Timeline and Activities
1. Review of Current Practices: In December 2024, the City’s Management Fellow conducted
initial interviews with staff across departments. A follow-up questionnaire with refined
and expanded questions was distributed to gather additional insights.
2. Budget Review: As part of the FY 2026 budget development process, the City Manager
and Budget Office led a department-by-department review of contractual services line
items to assess their necessity and identify opportunities where in-house staffing may be
more cost-effective or strategically beneficial. This is expected to be an ongoing part of
the City’s annual budget development process.
3. Initial presentation to Policy and Services Committee and implementation of feedback,
followed by full City Council study session.
4. Practice Improvements: Into the summer, feedback from departments and management
identified priority areas for improvement in consultant engagement. This builds on
currently ongoing efforts led by the Administrative Services Department (ASD) and the
City Attorney’s Office with training sessions on contract management.
5. Defining the Consultant Management Lifecycle: To ensure all steps are covered in a
standard format, city staff are reviewing all elements of the management lifecycle, from
the first step of decision to outsource to the final closeout and work review of the project.
6. Interdepartmental Staff Engagement: Staff convened a half-day working session this
summer with representatives from departments that regularly engage consultants. The
workshop validated the overall approach to the workplan and furthered practical steps
toward the goals of this project. Since the initial outline, staff has oriented the effort
toward developing visible tools available citywide to project managers and departments.
7. Clarifying Local Knowledge Roles: City staff play a vital role in ensuring that consultants
understand Palo Alto’s specific context. Through the Summer, expectations around
sharing prior work, guiding community engagement processes, and providing historical
knowledge have been explored in order to establish clear expectations for staff that can
be communicated throughout the City.
8. Identifying Skill and Role Gaps: Into the Fall, this review will also examine where project
managers may require additional training or role clarification to effectively manage
consultant relationships and deliverables, as well as review the workload capacity
required to fulfill these roles.
9. Training and Tools: Through the Fall and into 2026, potential outcomes of this work
include the development of workflow templates, dashboards for progress tracking, and
structured training for project managers in collaboration with Human Resources and
relevant departments. The development of a best practices guide is under way, and will
serve as a training and reference point for all materials related to carrying out effective
consultant engagements.
10. Consultant Engagement: Input from consultants will be solicited throughout the process
to gather insights from their perspective into what makes engagements successful.
Overview of the Consultant Engagement Process and Areas for Reinforcement
The following paragraphs provide an overview of the typical consultant engagement process in
the City and provide an initial sampling of specific areas that have been identified for evaluation
and reinforcement of best practices.
Precursors to Outsourcing
As part of the annual budget development process, each department’s proposed consultant
funding levels is reviewed to assess whether those funds might be more effectively allocated to
hiring in-house staff. In some cases, the City outsources as a first step before adding permanent
staff due to concerns around long-term financial commitments and the need to sustain consistent
workloads. The budget cycle provides a regular opportunity to review this practice in the context
of department-specific work forecasts. When consultants perform tasks that are similar in some
respects to those of City employees, the annual budget review provides an appropriate point at
which to consider whether in-house capacity could better serve the City over time. This informs
staffing changes proposed in the City Manager’s Proposed Budget released every April.
In addition, the City Manager recently directed additional internal review and approvals of task
orders issued under master agreements. Master agreements are consultant contracts
established for “as needed” or “on-call” services, where a contract is established without a
specific scope of services. Task orders are subsequently issued to the consultant with a specific
scope of services and budget. In order to ensure that best practices are being applied to task
orders, task orders at specified thresholds now require City Manager approval.
The Decision to Outsource
The decision to outsource to meet specific project needs is based on the expertise required as
well as in-house capacity. Scopes of service are developed in consultation with the Administrative
Services Department’s Purchasing Division and the City Attorney’s Office.
Determining a Scope of Services
Departments develop scopes of services that are then used to solicit consultant proposals
through issuance of Requests for Proposals (RFPs). Major projects may also involve City Council
review of scopes of services. Practices are being reviewed to determine when further
refinements in the development of scopes of services would be beneficial. This includes prompts
such as:
How to best complement consultant’s specialized skills with in-house staff local
knowledge and other roles throughout a project
How artificial intelligence and other technologies might best assist in delivering cost-
effective outcomes
How to ensure outsourcing aligns with City long-term goals for building internal expertise
Scoping the Approach to Community Engagement
Community engagement is a central element of virtually all studies and planning efforts in Palo
Alto. It is therefore important to ensure the consultant is aware of the nature and extent of
community engagement expected. Department staff consult with the City Manager’s Office
communications staff to develop community engagement plans for RFPs and updated as projects
proceed. Roles between the consultant and staff requires specific attention; in general, staff take
primary responsibility for identifying key stakeholders and arranging for meeting venues and
logistics. Online engagement tools are also coordinated with the City Manager’s Office.
Selecting the Service Provider
In selecting consultants, departments consider not only cost but also expertise, alignment with
project needs, and prior performance. The process emphasizes open and fair opportunities to
submit proposals that are objectively evaluated and a selection based on the best interests of the
City. Practices are being reviewed to determine whether any enhancements to the procurement
process would be beneficial.
Managing Contingencies
At various points, circumstances can arise that cause consideration of a change in direction. This
could include issues such as cost proposals that exceed budget, and a lack of strong proposals. In
such cases, staff must balance the tension between proceeding and changing direction. Project
managers must then engage department management and the City Manager’s Office in order to
evaluate options and determine appropriate steps forward.
Establishing Points of Contact, Communication Expectations, and Handling Professional
Differences
At project kick-off, an important first step in the successful completion of a consultant
engagement is establishing primary points of contact on both the City’s and consultant’s teams,
and reviewing the scope and key understandings needed for the project. Topics to be covered
include: reviewing scope of services, schedule, and deliverables; establishing recurring meetings
or other means of progress coordination; project documentation responsibilities; and, lead time
and turnaround expectations for follow-up and review of deliverables.
This is also the point at which to establish escalation paths, secondary points of contact when
needed due to disagreements or performance concerns from either the City or consultant.
Escalation paths may also be reinforced contractually, including implications for delays in the
case of time-sensitive projects. One of the most difficult dimensions of the consultant-client
relationship is handling professional differences. Consultants are typically engaged for subject
matter expertise, which can conflict with organizational sensitivities and staff perspectives on
how issues should be addressed. Escalation paths can be a critical tool for resolving such
disagreements.
Contract Management
FISCAL/RESOURCE IMPACT
STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
ATTACHMENTS
APPROVED BY: Ed Shikada, City Manager
Service Provider Description
Contract or
Amendment Value
Safebuilt, Integrated Design 360, CSG Consultants,
4LEAF, True North Compliance Services, TRB and
Associates, West Coast Code Consultants
Development Services On Call Services ‐ Staffing and Subject
Matter Experts: Inspection, Plan Review, Green Building 4,000,000$
Carollo Engineers Regional Water Quality Control Plant Long Range Facilities Plan 2,742,774$
Watry Design Downtown Parking Garage Design 2,403,592$
WaterTalent, LLC Temporary Licensed Water Operator Staffing Services ( 3 years) 1,896,000$
AgreeYa Solutions, Elegant Enterprise‐Wide Solutions,
Forsys, Object Technology Solutions, Techlink Systems,
Zion Cloud Solutions, Inspyr Solutions
IT Consulting 1,540,000$
Wallace Roberts & Todd Downtown Housing Plan 1,508,254$
Carollo Engineers Construction management and inspection for RWQCP 12kV
Electrical Power Distribution Loop (Amend 5)1,314,192$
MuniServices, LLC Tax and Fee Consulting (5 years) 1,161,550$
Park Engineering Electric Construction Inspection (5 years) 925,000$
Cumming Management Group (formerly Nova Partners) Construction Management for PSB & Other Infrastructure Plan 827,418$
Nova Partners, Inc. Construction Management for PSB & Other Infrastructure Plan 766,919$
Lexington, Metropolitan Planning Group, Arnold
Mammarella Architecture and Consulting, Page
Sotherland Page AE, Placeworks, Urban Planning
Partners, Michael Baker International
Planning On Call Services ‐ Staffing and Subject Matter Experts:
Long Range Planning Projects, Application Processing,
Environmental Review
750,000$
Concordia Development of a Revised Master Plan for the Cubberley Site 631,966$
GDS Associates, Inc. Electric and Gas Cost of Service Analysis (5 years) 505,723$
Lexington, Metropolitan Planning Group, Arnold
Mammarella Architecture and Consulting, Page
Sotherland Page AE, Placeworks, Urban Planning
Partners, Michael Baker International
Planning On Call Services ‐ Staffing and Subject Matter Experts:
Long Range Planning Projects, Application Processing,
Environmental Review
500,000$
Kittelson and Associates South Palo Alto Bike/Pedestrian Connectivity Project (2 years) 499,490$
Woodard & Curran Sewer Master Plan Study (2 years) 498,866$
3Di Systems Rental Registry Program 443,256$
BKF Engineers Charleston/Alma Railroad Crossing Plans (5 years) 397,705$
Urban Field Studio Car‐free Streets Study 384,990$
Good City Company Downtown Housing Plan Project Manager 375,522$
Kittelson & Associates Bike and Pedestrian Plan Update 333,945$
A3 Immersive Projection Mapping Production Services for the 2025 Code:ART
Interactive Media Public Art Festival 275,692$
4Leaf, Inc. WGW Construction Inspection (5 years) 264,247$
Michael Baker International, Inc. CDBG Program Administration (2 years) 211,310$
Rincon Consultants California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Review of a Revised
Master Plan for the Cubberley Site 202,322$
Townsend Public Affairs, Inc. Legislative Advocacy & Grant Consulting 186,000$
Urban Planning Partners, Inc. Car‐free Ramona Street Design 165,573$
Kimley‐Horn Quiet Zone Study (Churchill, Meadow, Charleston) 162,359$
Rankin Stock Heaberlin Oneal Legal Services 150,000$
Integrated Design 360 Reach Code Development 132,200$
Anne Rosenthal Fine Art Conservation Services 118,624$
HdL Coren & Cone Property Tax Consulting (5 years) 111,800$
BKF Engineers Foothills Nature Preserve Design 109,583$
OIR Group Policing Auditing Services 105,000$
Salas O'Brien RWQCP 12kV Electrical Power Distribution Loop Design (Amend 4) 99,200$
DNV GL USA, Inc Gas Modeling 85,000$
Schaaf & Wheeler Design for 3 stormwater ballot measure projects 77,360$
Sandis Civil Engineers Construction Admin. for Churchill Enhanced Bikeway 59,975$
Matrix Consulting Group Department Fee Study 56,500$
Raftelis Financial Consulting, Inc. Water and Wastewater Collection Cost of Service Analysis (5 years) 48,905$
CSW/Stuber‐Stoeh Engineering University Ave. Streetscape Conceptual Design 25,000$
Hexagon Transportation Consultants Development Review Support 10,000$
Schaaf & Wheeler PSB Stormwater Construction Observation & Certification 9,600$
27,073,412$
ATTACHMENT A
CONSULTING SERVICES APPROVED BY CITY COUNCIL IN 2024
October 2025 www.paloalto.gov
Reinforcing Best Practices in Managing Consultant Services
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October 2025 www.paloalto.gov
PURPOSE
Discussion of ongoing work to ensure high quality and valuable services developed
through the engagement of professional consultants.
•Review status of ongoing work
•Reflect on current example(s)
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October 2025 www.paloalto.gov
OVERVIEW
•Ongoing project reviewing how decisions are made and staff responsibilities
for financial, contracting, relationship, and project management, as well as
community engagement.
•Identify strengths and challenges in current processes, recognizing effective
practices already in place.
•Improve consistency, oversight, and collaboration with consultants.
•Position the City to lead on innovative, accountable consultant
management.
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October 2025 www.paloalto.gov
Initial Assessment: Interviews and surveys completed across city departments
Budget Development Integration: Consultant expenditures now systematically
reviewed during FY 2026 budget cycle and going forward
Practice Improvements: Best-practices being reviewed and tools being
developed; City Auditor’s Office also reviewing best practices
Working Group: Cross-departmental staff engaged in developing practice guide
PROGRESS TO DATE
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October 2025 www.paloalto.gov
•Precursors to Outsourcing
•The Decision to Outsource
•Determining a Scope of Services
•Scoping the Approach to Community
Engagement
•Selecting the Service Provider
•Managing Contingencies
•Establishing Points of Contact,
Communication Expectations, and
Handling Professional Differences
•Contract Management
•Performance Management and Quality
Control
•Risk Management
•Closeout and Evaluation
CONSULTANT ENGAGEMENT OVERVIEW
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CONSULTING SERVICES APPROVED IN 2024
(Attachment A)
October 2025 www.paloalto.gov
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October 2025 www.paloalto.gov
Ongoing Turf Study demonstrates the need to prepare for and manage contentious
issues
•Consultant qualifications and selection
•Planning stakeholder/community engagement
•Quality control on draft products
•Responding to feedback
•Managing through criticisms, public records requests, personal attacks
CURRENT EXAMPLE(S)
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October 2025 www.paloalto.gov
•Discussion and review of ongoing work from City Council and public through this
study session, to ensure perspectives are reflected in the work underway.
•Solicit feedback from consultants on practice guide
NEXT STEPS