HomeMy WebLinkAboutStaff Report 14881
City of Palo Alto (ID # 14881)
City Council Staff Report
Meeting Date: 10/17/2022 Report Type:
City of Palo Alto Page 1
Title: PUBLIC HEARING: Adoption of Nine Ordinances That Repeal and Adopt
Various Sections of the Palo Alto Municipal Code (PAMC) Related to the 2022
CA Building Codes (CA Code of Regulations Title 24) Update and Proposed
Local Amendments; including: (1) Chapter 15.04 Incorporating the 2022 CA
Fire Code With Local Amendments; (2) Chapter 16.04 Incorporating the 2022
CA Building Code With Local Amendments and Chapter 16.19 Incorporating
the 2022 CA Historic Building Code and 2022 CA Existing Building Code with
Amendments; (3) Chapter 16.05 Incorporating the 2022 CA Mechanical Code
With Local Amendments; (4) Chapter 16.06 Incorporating the 2022 CA
Residential Code With Local Amendments and Amending Chapter 16.52 to
Align Federal, State, and Local Flood Hazard Regulations; (5) Chapter 16.08
Incorporating the 2022 CA Plumbing Code With Local Amendments; (6)
Chapter 16.16 Incorporating the 2022 CA Electrical Code With Local
Amendments; (7) Chapter 16.18 Incorporating the 2021 International
Swimming Pool and Spa Code With Local Amendments; (8) Chapter 16.14
Incorporating the 2022 CA Green Building Standards Code with Local
Amendments; (9) Chapter 16.17 Incorporating the 2022 CA Energy Code
Without Local Amendments. Environmental Assessment: Project is Exempt
Under CA Environmental Quality Act CEQA Guidelines Sections 15061(b)(3)
and 15308.
From: City Manager
Lead Department: Planning and Development Services
Recommendation
Staff recommends that the City Council adopt the attached ten ordinances that repeal and adopt various
sections of the Palo Alto Municipal Code (PAMC) related to the 2022 California Building Codes (Cal. Code
of Regulations Title 24) and proposed local amendments:
1. An ordinance repealing PAMC Chapter 15.04 and adopting a new Chapter 15.04 incorporating
the 2022 Cal. Fire Code with local amendments;
City of Palo Alto Page 2
2. An ordinance repealing PAMC Chapter 16.04 and adopting a new Chapter 16.04 incorporating
the 2022 Cal. Building Codes and local amendments and a new Chapter 16.19 incorporating the
2022 Cal. Historical Building Code and Existing Building Code with local amendments;
3. An ordinance repealing PAMC Chapter 16.05 and adopting a new Chapter 16.05 incorporating
the 2022 Cal. Mechanical Code with local amendments;
4. An ordinance repealing PAMC Chapter 16.06 and adopting a new Chapter 16.06 incorporating
the 2022 Cal. Residential Code with local amendments and amending PAMC Chapter 16.52 to
align federal, state, and local regulations regarding flood hazards;
5. An ordinance repealing PAMC Chapter 16.08 and adopting a new Chapter 16.08 incorporating
the 2022 Cal. Plumbing Code with local amendments;
6. An ordinance repealing PAMC Chapter 16.16 and adopting a new Chapter 16.16 incorporating
the 2022 Cal. Electrical Code with local amendments;
7. An ordinance repealing PAMC Chapter 16.18 and adopting a new Chapter 16.18 incorporating
the 2021 International Swimming Pool and Spa Code with local amendments;
8. An ordinance repealing PAMC Chapter 16.14 and adopting a new Chapter 16.14 incorporating
the 2022 Cal. Green Building Standards Code with local amendments;
9. An ordinance repealing PAMC Chapter 16.17 and adopting a new Chapter 16.17 incorporating
the 2022 Cal. Energy Code without local amendments;
Background
This report transmits the ordinances Council will act upon for the subject agenda title. While there is a
considerable number of ordinances to review, the enacting regulations largely codify a variety of
technical codes established by the State of California and require local adoption/implementation prior
to January 1, 2023. The collection of ordinances generally relates to building, mechanical, electrical,
plumping, fire, energy and green building codes.
A jurisdiction may amend these codes to reflect local conditions that impact construction and may
impose more restrictive standards subject to certain criteria or studies. For the most part, the proposed
local amendments carried forward in the attached ordinances have been previously enacted; some new
local amendments are explained in the previously submitted staff report.1
Some notable changes with the updated regulations, which follows the Council’s previous discussion
pertaining to the City’s Sustainability and Climate Action Plan (S/CAP),2 includes requirements that
advance the City’s climate action goals to curb greenhouse gas emissions. Specifically, the new
ordinances establish an all-electric mandate for new commercial and residential buildings (including
detached accessory dwelling units) and defines when a residential and commercial remodel or
renovation is considered ‘substantial’ requiring compliance with the City’s building codes, including
electrification mandate. The new ordinances also preclude the installation or extension of gas lines for
swimming pools, heaters, grills, firepits or similar features.
1 October 17, 2022 Council Report: https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/agendas-minutes-
reports/agendas-minutes/city-council-agendas-minutes/2022/20221017/20221017pccsm-linked.pdf
2 September 27, 2022 Council Report: https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/agendas-minutes-
reports/agendas-minutes/city-council-agendas-minutes/2022/20220927/20220927pccsmlinked-amended-v2.pdf
City of Palo Alto Page 3
These green building codes are aimed at preventing new gas infrastructure in new homes and
businesses and facilitate electric vehicle charging access in anticipation of a future electrified
transportation network. The amendments are also well-aligned with the City's goal to reach its 80x30
greenhouse gas reduction targets, which requires addressing existing buildings, not just new
construction. The green building codes complement the Advanced Water Heater Pilot Program
approved October 3, 2021, and together they promote the conversion of gas water heaters to heat
pumps in existing buildings using incentives, mandates, and by reducing barriers to permitting and
installation in a manner that is compatible with the City's electric grid modernization efforts.
One additional note, the recommended action has changed slightly to reflect that the historical building
and existing building code regulations have been moved to their own chapter. Previously these
regulations were embedded in Chapter 16.04. The local amendments associated with this code change
were previously adopted by Council in earlier code cycles. One new change noted in the previous staff
report is a new provision that establishes a dwelling unit and congregate housing occupancy limit to
ensure there is sufficient living space for each occupant and to minimize overcrowding.
Attachments:
• Attachment A Ordinance Repealing Ch 15.04 Amending Title 15 to Adopt a New Ch
15.04, the CA Fire Code (2022 Edition) with Local Amendments and Related Findings
• Attachment B Ordinance Repealing Ch 16.04 Adopting a New Ch 16.04, CA Building
Code, New Ch 16.19, CA Historical Building Code and CA Existing Building Code, 2022
Edition, and Local Amendme
• Attachment C Ordinance Repealing Ch 16.05 Amending Title 16 to Adopt a New Ch
16.05 CA Mechanical Code, 2022 Edition, and Local Amendments and Related Findings
• Attachment D Ordinance Repealing Ch 16.06, CA Residential Code, 2022 Edition, and
Local Amendments and Related Findings, and Amending Section Ch 16.52, Flood Hazard
Regulations to Make Chan
• Attachment E Ordinance Repealing Ch 16.08 Amending Title 16 to Adopt a New Ch
16.08 CA Plumbing Code, 2022 Edition, and Local Amendments and Related Findings
• Attachment F Ordinance Repealing Ch 16.16 Amending Title 16 to Adopt a New Ch 16.16
CA Electrical Code, 2022 Edition, and Local Amendments and Related Findings
• Attachment G Ordinance Repealing Ch 16.18 Amending Title 16 to Adopt a New Ch
16.18 International Swimming Pool and Spa Code with Local Amendments
• Attachment H Ordinance Repealing Ch 16.14 Adopting a New Ch 16.14 California Green
Building Code, 2022 Edition, and Local Amendments and Related Findings
• Attachment I Ordinance Repealing Ch 16.17 Amending Title 16 to Adopt a New Ch 16.17
CA Energy Code, 2022 Edition, and Local Amendments and Related Findings
NOT YET ADOPTED
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Ordinance No. ___
Adoption of an Ordinance Repealing Chapter 15.04 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code and
Amending Title 15 to Adopt a New Chapter 15.04, the California Fire Code (2022 Edition) With
Local Amendments and Related Findings
The Council of the City of Palo Alto does ORDAIN as follows:
SECTION 1. Title 15 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is hereby amended by repealing
in its entirety Chapter 15.04 and enacting a new Chapter 15.04 to read as follows:
15.04 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE
15.04.010 Adoption of the California Fire Code.
The California Fire Code, 2022 Edition, as adopted by the California Code of Regulations Title 24,
Part 9, and Appendices B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and K is adopted as herein amended. One copy of the
California Fire Code is on file and open to public inspection in the Office of the City Clerk.
Additional copies of the secondary codes set forth within the California Fire Code, and the
amendments set forth in this chapter, are on file and open to public inspection in the fire
department administrative office.
Whenever the phrase “California Fire Code” appears in this code or in any ordinance of the city,
such phrase shall be deemed and construed to refer to and apply to the “California Fire Code,
2022 Edition” as adopted by the California Code of Regulations Title 24, Part 9 and as adopted
and amended by this chapter.
15.04.020 Local Amendments.
The provisions of this Chapter shall constitute local amendments to the cross-referenced provisions
of the California Fire Code, 2022 Edition, and shall be deemed to replace the cross-referenced
sections of said Code with the respective provisions set forth in this Chapter. Where used in this
Chapter 15.04, ellipses shall indicate text of the California Fire Code, 2022 Edition, that has been
adopted without amendment but is omitted for brevity.
15.04.030 Section 102.5 amended - Application of residential code.
Section 102.5 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
102.5 Application of residential code. Where structures are designed and constructed in
accordance with the California Residential Code, the provisions of this code shall apply as
follows:
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1. Construction and design provisions:
a. Provisions of this code pertaining to the exterior of the structure shall apply,
including, but not limited to, premises identification, fire apparatus access,
and water supplies.
b. Provisions of this code pertaining to the interior of the structure shall apply
when specifically required by this code including, but not limited to, Sections
903.2 through 903.3.7 and Section 907.2.10.
c. Where interior or exterior systems or devices are installed, construction permits
required by Section 105.6 of this code shall also apply.
2. Administrative, operational, and maintenance provisions: all such provisions of
this code shall apply.
15.04.040 Section 103.2 deleted.
Section 103.2 of the California Fire Code is deleted.
15.04.050 Sections 105.3.9 and 105.3.10 added - Permits/Permit fees.
Sections 105.3.9 and 105.3.10 are added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
105.3.9 Permits/Permit fees. All permit fees shall be established by the City
Council as set forth in the municipal fee schedule.
105.3.10 Operational Permits. Operational permits are valid for one year at which
time they must be renewed by paying a fee specified in the municipal fee schedule.
15.04.060 Table 105.5.9 amended - Permit amounts for compressed gases.
Table 105.5.9 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
TABLE 105.5.9
PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR COMPRESSED GASES1
TYPE OF GAS 2 AMOUNT (cubic feet)
X 0.0283 for m3
Carbon dioxide used in carbon dioxide enrichment systems 875(100 lbs)
Flammable (except cryogenic and liquefied petroleum gases) 200
Highly toxic Any amount
Inert and simple asphyxiant 6,000
Irritant 200
Moderately toxic 20
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Other health hazards 650
Oxidizing (including oxygen) 504
Pyrophoric Any amount
Radioactive Any amount
Sensitizer 200
Toxic Any Amount
Unstable (reactive) Any amount
For SI: 1 cubic foot = 0.0283m3.
1 Refer to Chapters 27, 30, 32, 35, 37, 40 and 41 for additional requirements and
exceptions.
2 Cubic feet measured at normal Temperature and pressure.
15.04.070 Table 105.5.22 amended - Permit amounts for hazardous materials.
Table 105.5.22 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
TABLE 105.5.22
PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
TYPE OF MATERIAL AMOUNT
Carcinogens 10 pounds
Combustible liquids See Section 105.6.16
Corrosive materials:
Gases
Liquids
Solids
See Section 105.6.8
55 gallons
500 pounds
Cryogens See Section 105.6.10
Explosive materials See Section 105.6.14
Flammable materials:
Gases
Liquids Solids
See Section 105.6.8
See Section 105.6.16 10 pounds
Highly toxic materials:
Any amount
Any amount
Any amount
Gases
Liquids
Solids Moderately toxic gas 20 cubic feet
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Organic peroxides:
Liquids: Class I-IV
Liquids: Class V
Solids: Class I-IV
Solids: Class V
Any Amount
No Permit Required
Any Amount
No Permit Required
Oxidizing materials:
Gases Liquids
Solids:
504 Cubic Feet
Any amount
Any amount
Other health
Hazards:
Liquids
55 gallons 500 pounds
Pyrophoric materials:
Gases
Liquids
Solids
Any amount
Any amount
Any amount
Radioactive materials:
Gases
Liquids
Solids
Any Amount
See Section 105.6.47
See Section 105.6.47
Toxic materials:
Gases
Liquids
Solids
Any amount
Any amount
Any amount
Unstable (reactive) materials:
Gases
Liquids
Solids
Any amount
Any amount
Any amount
Water reactive materials:
Liquids Solids
Any amount
Any amount
For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 pound = 0.454kg.
a. 20 gallons when Table 2703.1.1(1) Note k applies and hazard identification signs in
accordance with Section 2703.5 are provided for quantities of 20 gallons or less.
b. 200 pounds when Table 2703.1.1(1) Note k applies and hazard identification signs in
accordance with Section 2703.5 are provided for quantities of 200 pounds or less.
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15.04.080 Sections 105.5.25 and 105.5.53 amended and Sections 105.5.55 through
105.5.59 added – Operational permits.
Sections 105.5.25 and 105.5.53 of the California Fire Code are amended and Sections 105.5.55
through 105.59 are added to read as follows:
[. . .]
105.5.25 Hot work operations. An operational permit is required for hot work including,
but not limited to:
1. Public exhibitions and demonstrations where hot work is conducted.
2. Use of portable hot work equipment inside a structure.
Exception: (deleted)
3. Fixed-site hot work equipment, such as welding booths.
4. Hot work conducted within a wildfire risk area.
5. Application of roof coverings with the use of an open-flame device.
6. (deleted)
[. . .]
105.5.53 Lithium batteries. An operational permit is required for an accumulation of
more than 15 cubic feet (0.42 m) of lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries, where
required by Section 322.1.
[. . .]
105.5.55 Liquid gas fueled equipment. An operational permit is required for liquid gas
fueled equipment.
105.5.56 Battery operated equipment. An operational permit is required for
commercial/industrial/research battery operated equipment.
105.5.57 Underground storage tank. An operational permit is required for Underground
Storage Tanks.
105.5.58 Radioactive materials. An operational permit is required to store, use or handle
any radioactive material or source.
105.5.59 Day care permit. An operational permit is required to operate a day care facility
for more than six children or adults.
NOT YET ADOPTED
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15.04.090 Section 105.6.3 and 105.6.12 amended and Section 105.6.25 added –
construction permits.
Sections 105.6.3 and 105.6.12 of the California Fire Code are amended, and 105.6.25 of the
California Fire Code is added to read as follows:
[. . .]
105.6.3 Cryogenic fluids. A construction permit is required for installation of or
alteration to stationary cryogenic fluid storage systems where the system capacity
exceeds the amounts listed in Table 105.5.11. Maintenance performed in accordance
with this code is not considered to be an alteration and does not require a construction
permit.
[. . .]
105.6.12 Hazardous Materials. A construction permit is required to install, repair
damage to, abandon, remove, place temporarily out of service, or close or substantially
modify a storage facility or other area regulated by Chapter 50 where the hazardous
materials in use and when equipment is modified or installed that uses, stores,
processes, or conveys hazmat.
Exceptions:
1. deleted
2. For repair work performed on an emergency basis, application for permit shall
be made within two working days of commencement work.
[. . .]
105.6.25 Underground fire service lines: installation or modification.
A construction permit is required for the installation, modification or removal from
service of underground fire service lines.
15.04.100 Sections 105.8.1 and 105.8.2 added - Fire and life safety.
Subsections 105.8.1 and 105.8.2 are added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
105.8.1 Fire and life-safety plan review. Fire and life-safety plan review of all new
construction, all remodels, and all additions shall be performed by the Fire Chief or his
designee.
105.8.2 Site Map and Floor plans. The fire code official may require as a condition
of final permit approval, a site map including the use of standard or approved Palo Alto
Fire Department symbols. Features would include interior floor plans, on-site hydrant
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locations, FDC locations, key safe locations, alarm panel locations, electrical panel
locations, stairwell and elevator locations, water shut off locations, hazardous materials
locations, and other significant design elements or fire service features. The site map is to
be provided in a format compatible with the City’s Geographic Information System (GIS)
at time of construction. This requirement applies to newly constructed buildings, facilities
where hazardous materials are used or stored in quantities exceeding permit amounts in
Section 105, additions or permitted remodels when in the opinion of the fire code official
a site map is warranted.
15.04.110 Section 107.7 added - Certified Unified Program Agency Fees.
Section 107.7 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
107.7 Certified Unified Program Agency (CUPA) Fees. Pursuant to the Participating
Agency Agreement between the County of Santa Clara and the City of Palo Alto dated July
1, 1997, or as amended, the Fire Department is authorized to collect fees associated with
the CUPA programs. The CUPA fees will be collected on an annual basis or as specified in
the Palo Alto Municipal Fee Schedule.
15.04.120 Section 108.1 amended - Inspection authority.
Section 108.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
108.1 Inspection authority. The fire code official is authorized to inspect, as often as
necessary, buildings and premises, including such other hazards or appliances designated
by the fire code official for the purposes of ascertaining and causing to be corrected any
conditions which would reasonably tend to cause fire or contribute to its spread, result in
an unauthorized discharge of hazardous materials, or amount to any violation of this code
or any other law or standard affecting fire and life safety.
15.04.130 Section 112.1.1 added - Enforcement/citation authority.
Section 112.1.1 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
112.1.1 Penal code citation authority. The employee positions designated in this section
are authorized to exercise the authority provided in California Penal Code section 836.5
for violations of the California Fire Code. The designated employee positions are: Fire
Chief, Deputy Fire Chief, Fire Marshal, Fire Inspector, Hazardous Materials Specialist and
Hazardous Materials Inspector.
15.04.140 Section 112.4 amended - Violation penalties.
Section 112.4 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
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112.4 Violation penalties. It is unlawful for any person to violate any provision or to fail
to comply with any of the requirements of this Title 15 or any permits, conditions, or
variances granted under this Title, and violators shall be subject to any penalty or
penalties authorized by law, including but not limited to: administrative enforcement
pursuant to Chapters 1.12 and 1.16 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code; and criminal
enforcement pursuant to Chapter 1.08 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code. Each separate day
or any portion thereof during which any violation of this chapter occurs or continues shall
be deemed to constitute a separate offense.
When the Fire Chief or his/her designee determines that a violation of this Chapter has
occurred, the Fire Chief or his/her designee may record a notice of pendency of code
violation with the Office of the County Recorder stating the address and owner of the
property involved. When the violation has been corrected, the Fire Chief or his/her
designee shall issue and record a release of the notice of pendency of code violation.
[. . .]
15.04.150 Definitions amended or added to Section 202
Except as noted herein, Section 202 is adopted in full. The following definitions are amended or
added to Section 202 of the California Fire Code to read as follows:
3D PRINTER. A machine used in the additive manufacturing process for fabricating objects
through the deposition of a material using a print head, nozzle, or another printer
technology.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING. A process of joining materials to make objects from 3D
model data, usually layer upon layer, sometimes referred to as 3D printing. The Code
recognizes two types of additive manufacturing:
1. Industrial additive manufacturing. 3D printing operations that typically utilize
combustible powders or metals, an inert gas supply, a combustible dust collection system,
or that create a hazardous (classified) location area or zone outside of the equipment.
2. Non-industrial additive manufacturing. 3D printing operations that do not create a
hazardous (classified) location area outside of the equipment, and do not utilize an inert
gas supply or a combustible dust collection system.
CORROSIVE LIQUID. Corrosive liquid is:
1) any liquid which, when in contact with living tissue, will cause destruction or
irreversible alteration of such tissue by chemical action; or
2) any liquid having a pH of 2 or less or 12.5 or more; or
3) any liquid classified as corrosive by the U.S. Department of Transportation; or
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4) any material exhibiting the characteristics of corrosivity in accordance with Title
22, California Code of Regulations §66261.22.
FALSE ALARM. The willful, knowing, or negligent initiation or transmission of a signal,
message, or other notification of an event of fire when no such danger exists.
MAXIMUM THRESHOLD QUANTITY (MAX TQ). Maximum threshold quantity is the
maximum quantity of a moderately toxic or toxic gas, which may be stored in a single
vessel before a more stringent category of regulation is applied. The following equation
shall be used to calculate the Max TQ:
Max TQ (pounds) = LC50 (ppm) x 2 lb.
MODERATELY TOXIC GAS. A moderately toxic gas is a chemical or substance that has a
median lethal concentration (LC50) in air more than 2000 parts per million but not more
than 5000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, when administered by continuous
inhalation for an hour, or less if death occurs within one hour, to albino rats weighing
between 200 and 300 grams each.
OTHER HEALTH HAZARD MATERIAL. Other health hazard material is a hazardous material
which affects target organs of the body, including but not limited to, those materials
which produce liver damage, kidney damage, damage to the nervous system, act on the
blood to decrease hemoglobin function, deprive the body tissue of oxygen or affect
reproductive capabilities, including mutations (chromosomal damage), sensitizers or
teratogens (effect on fetuses), carcinogens, and irritants.
SECONDARY CONTAINMENT. Secondary containment is that level of containment that is
external to and separate from primary containment and is capable of safely and securely
containing the material, without discharge, for a period of time reasonably necessary to
ensure detection and remedy of the primary containment failure.
SPILL CONTROL. Spill control is that level of containment that is external to and separate
from the primary containment and is capable of safely and securely containing the
contents of the largest container and prevents the materials from spreading to other parts
of the room.
WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE FIRE AREA. Wildland-urban interface fire area is a
geographical area identified by the State of California as a “Fire Hazard Severity Zone” in
accordance with Public Resources Code Sections 4201 through 4202 and Government
Code Sections 51175 through 51189, or other areas designated by the enforcing agency
to be at a significant risk from wildfires. Within the city limits of the City of Palo Alto,
“Wildland-Urban Fire Interface Area” shall also include all areas west of Interstate 280,
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and all other areas recommended as a “Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone” by the
Director of the California Department of Forestry.
WORKSTATION. A workstation is a defined space or independent principal piece of
equipment using hazardous materials with a hazard rating of 1.
15.04.160 Section 316.7 added - Roof guiderails at interior courts.
Section 316.7 of the California Fire Code is added to read as follows:
316.7 Roof guardrails at interior courts. Roof openings into interior courts that are
bounded on all sides by building walls shall be protected with guardrails. The top of the
guardrail shall not be less than 42 inches in height above the adjacent roof surface that
can be walked on. Intermediate rails shall be designed and spaced such that a 12-inch
diameter sphere cannot pass through.
15.04.170 320.3.13 added – Safety Certification.
Section 320.3.13 of the California Fire Code is added to read as follows:
320.3.13 Safety Certification. The equipment, process, training procedures and
occupancy associated with industrial additive manufacturing may be required by the fire
code official to receive a safety certification from Underwriter's Laboratory or
equivalent.
15.04.180 Section 322.4.2.2.1 through 322.4.2.2.3 added – Maximum quantity in a control
area.
Section 322.4.2.2.1 through 322.4.2.2.3 are added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
322.4.2.2.1 Maximum quantity in a control area. The aggregate amount of lithium
batteries stored and handled in a single control area shall not exceed 9,000 pounds
(4086 kg).
322.4.2.2.2 Number of control areas. The maximum number of control areas within a
building shall be four.
322.4.2.2.3 Group H, Division 2 occupancy. Storage and handling of more than 9,000
pounds of lithium batteries per control area shall be in an approved Group H, Division 2
occupancy constructed in accordance with the Building Code and provided throughout
with approved automatic smoke detection and radiant-energy detection systems.
15.04.190 Section 401.5 amended – Making false report.
Section 401.5 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
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401.5 Making false report. A person shall not, knowingly or unknowingly, give, signal, or
transmit a false alarm. Initiation or transmission in a twelve-month period of three or
more signals, messages, or other notifications of an event of fire when no such danger
exists shall be presumed negligent.
15.04.200 Section 503.1 amended - Fire access roadways.
Section 503.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
503.1 Fire access roadways. Where required, fire apparatus access roads shall be provided
and maintained in accordance with Sections 503.1.1 through 503.1.3 and as per Fire
Department Access Road Standards.
[. . .]
15.04.210 Section 503.2.1 amended - Dimensions.
Section 503.2.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
503.2.1 Dimensions. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an unobstructed width of not
less than 20 feet (6096 mm) exclusive of shoulders, or as required by Appendix D, except
for approved security gates in accordance with Section 503.6, and an unobstructed
vertical clearance of 13 feet 6 inches (4115 mm).
15.04.220 Section 503.2.2 amended - Authority.
Section 503.2.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
503.2.2 Authority. The fire code official shall have the authority to require or permit
modifications to the required access widths and/or vertical clearance where they are
inadequate for fire or rescue operations or where necessary to meet the public safety
objectives of the jurisdiction.
15.04.230 Section 504.5 added - Access Control Devices.
Section 504.5 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
504.5 Access Control Devices. When access control devices including bars, grates, gates,
electric or magnetic locks or similar devices, which would inhibit rapid fire department
emergency access to within and throughout the building, are installed, such devices shall
be approved by the fire code official. All electrically powered access control devices shall
be provided with an approved means for deactivation or unlocking from a single location
or otherwise approved by the fire code official or his/her designee. Access control devices
shall also comply with Chapter 10 Egress.
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15.04.240 Section 505.1.1 and 505.1.2 added – Premises Identification.
Sections 505.1.1 and 505.1.2 of the California Fire Code are added to read as follows:
505.1.1 Address illumination. Address identification required by Section 505.1
shall be illuminated.
505.1.2 Address identification size. Address numbers and letters required by
Section 505.1 shall be sized as follows:
1. When the structure is between thirty-six (36) and fifty (50) feet from the road or
other emergency means of access, a minimum of one-half inch (0.5”) stroke by six
inches (6”) high is required.
2. When the structure is fifty (50) or more feet from the road or other emergency
means of access, a minimum of one inch (1”) stroke by nine inches (12”) high is
required.
15.04.250 Section 509.1.2 added – Fire Protection Equipment identification.
Section 509.1.2 of the California Fire Code is added to read as follows:
509.1.2 Fire Protection Equipment identification. Exterior fire control valves,
standpipes, hose valves, fire department connection, post indicators, fire service
backflow preventers and other fire department appurtenances are to be painted red for
identification.
15.04.260 Sections 603.11 through 603.13 added.
Section 603.11 through 603.13 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
603.11 Immersion heaters. All electrical immersion heaters used in dip tanks, sinks, vats
and similar operations shall be provided with approved over- temperature controls and
low liquid level electrical disconnects. Manual reset of required protection devices shall
be provided.
603.12 Electric vehicle service equipment – car chargers. Electric vehicle service
equipment shall be equipped with collision protection and an emergency power
disconnect switch as determined necessary by the Fire Code Official.
603.13 Energy storage system equipment - power walls. Energy storage systems
equipment shall be equipped with collision protection as determined necessary by the
Fire Code Official.
15.04.270 Section 605.5.2.1.1 amended - Prohibitive Locations.
Section 605.5.2.1.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
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605.5.2.1.1 Prohibitive Locations. The storage or use of portable outdoor gas- fired
heating appliances is prohibited in any of the following locations:
1. Inside of any occupancy where connected to the fuel gas container.
2. Inside of tents, canopies and membrane structures.
3. On exterior balconies and rooftops.
Exception: intentionally deleted
15.04.280 Section 903.2 amended – Automatic sprinkler systems, where required.
Section 903.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
903.2 Automatic sprinkler systems, where required. Approved automatic sprinkler
systems in new buildings and structures and in existing modified buildings and structures,
shall be provided in the locations described in this section. Automatic fire sprinklers shall be
installed per the requirements set forth in Sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.18 and as follows,
whichever is the more restrictive:
1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all new buildings and
structures.
Exception: New non-residential occupancies, buildings or structures that do not
exceed 350 square feet of building area and contain no interior plumbing fixtures.
2. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all existing buildings
when modifications are made that create conditions described in Sections 903.2.1
through 903.2.18, or that create an increase in fire area to more than 3,600 square
feet or when the addition is equal or greater than 50% of the existing building
square footage whichever is more restrictive.
3. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all new or altered basements
used for storage/utility/occupancy or habitable space regardless of size and throughout
existing basements that are expanded by more than 50%. If the addition or alteration is
only the basement, then only the basement is required to be fire sprinkler protected.
4. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout when either the roof
structure and/or exterior wall structure have been removed, altered and/or
replaced in at least 50% of the existing structure.
5. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout when any change in use
or occupancy creates a more hazardous fire/life safety condition, as determined by
the Fire Chief.
Exception: Spaces or areas in telecommunications buildings used exclusively
for telecommunications equipment, associated electrical power
distribution equipment, batteries and standby engines, provided that
those spaces or areas are equipped throughout with an automatic smoke
detection system in accordance with Section 907.2 and are separated from
the remainder of the building by not less than 1-hour fire barriers constructed
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in accordance with Section 707 or not less than 2-hour horizontal
assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or both.
[. . .]
15.04.290 903.3.1.1 amended – NFPA 13 sprinkler systems.
Section 903.1.1.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
903.1.1.1 NFPA 13 sprinkler systems. Where the provisions of this code require that a
building or portion thereof be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system
in accordance with this section, sprinklers shall be installed throughout in accordance
with NFPA 13 and State and local requirements except as provided in Section 903.3.1.1.
1. For new buildings having no designated use or tenant, the minimum sprinkler
design density shall be Ordinary Hazard Group II / 1500 square feet.
2. Where future use or tenant is determined to require a higher density, the
sprinkler system shall be augmented to meet the higher density.
3. Light hazard shall be hydraulically designed to a 1500 square foot most remote
area or as required by the fire code official.
4. Laboratory areas within buildings shall be hydraulically designed to Ordinary
Hazard II density.
5. Parking areas where mechanical vehicle storage equipment is used the fire
sprinkler system shall be hydraulically designed to Extra Hazard II density.
6. In multi-residential apartments, townhomes, and condominiums
[. . .]
15.04.300 Section 903.3.1.2 amended – NFPA 13R sprinkler systems.
Section 903.3.1.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
903.3.1.2 NFPA 13R sprinkler systems. Where allowed in buildings of Group R
occupancies, automatic sprinkler systems shall be installed throughout in accordance
with NFPA 13 and State and local standards.
[. . .]
15.04.310 Section 903.3.1.3 amended and 903.3.1.3.1 added – NFPA 13D sprinkler
systems.
Section 903.3.1.3 of the California Fire Code is amended and 903.3.1.3.1 is added to read as
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follows:
903.3.1.3 NFPA 13D sprinkler systems. Where allowed, automatic sprinkler systems
installed in one-and two-family dwellings shall be installed throughout in accordance with
NFPA 13D and State and local standards. Fire sprinkler protection shall be provided under
rear covered patios extending over 4 ft perpendicular from the exterior of the structure.
903.3.1.3.1. Increase in fire sprinkler design criteria. Structures determined by the fire
code official to have higher firefighting hazardous condition, or located in the Wildland-
Urban Interface Fire Area, shall have an increase in fire sprinkler design criteria as
determined by the fire code official.
15.04.320 Section 903.4.3 amended - Floor control valves.
Section 903.4.3 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
903.4.3 Floor control valves. Automatic sprinkler systems serving buildings two (2) or
more stories in height shall have valves installed so as to control the system independently on
each floor including basements.
15.04.330 Section 905.3.1 amended - Standpipe systems.
Section 905.3.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
905.3.1 Standpipe systems. A Class I Standpipe System shall be installed in new buildings
or buildings being retrofitted with a fire sprinkler system where the roof edge/parapet is
greater than 27 feet above the lowest level of Fire apparatus access roadway and in below
grade levels.
15.04.340 Section 909.20.7 added - Smoke control systems - schedule.
Section 909.20.7 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
909.20.7 Smoke control systems - schedule. A routine maintenance and operational
testing program shall be initiated immediately after the smoke control system has passed
the acceptance tests. A written schedule for routine maintenance and operational testing
shall be established and both shall occur at least annually.
15.04.350 Section 1008.3.3 amended – Rooms and spaces.
Section 1008.3.3 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
1008.3.3 Rooms and spaces. In the event of power supply failure, an emergency
electrical system shall automatically illuminate all of the following areas:
1. Electrical equipment rooms.
2. Fire command centers.
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3. Fire pump rooms.
4. Generator rooms.
5. Public restrooms.
15.04.360 Section 1031.2 amended – Where required
Section 1031.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read:
1031.2 Where required.
In addition to the means of egress required by this chapter, emergency escape and rescue
openings shall be provided in Group R occupancies:
Basements and sleeping rooms below the fourth story above grade plane shall have not
fewer than one emergency escape and rescue opening in accordance with this section.
Where basements contain one or more sleeping rooms, an emergency escape and rescue
opening shall be required in each sleeping room but shall not be required in adjoining
areas of the basement. Such openings shall open directly into a public way or to a yard or
court that opens to a public way.
Exceptions:
1. In Groups R-1 and R-2 occupancies constructed of Type I, Type IIA, Type IIIA or
Type IV construction equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler
system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
2. Group R-2.1 occupancies meeting the requirements for delayed egress in
accordance with Section 1010.2.13 may have operable windows that are
breakable in sleeping rooms permanently restricted to a maximum of 4-inch
open position.
3. Emergency escape and rescue openings are not required from basements or
sleeping rooms that have an exit door or exit access door that opens directly into
a public way or to a yard, court or exterior egress balcony that opens to a public
way.
4. Storm shelters and basements used only to house mechanical equipment not
exceeding a total floor area of 200 square feet (18.58 m2)
15.04.370 Section 1207.1.5 amended – Large-scale fire test.
Section 1207.1.5 of the California Fire Code is amended to read:
1207.1.5 Large-scale fire test. Where required elsewhere in Section 1207, large-scale
fire testing shall be conducted in accordance with NFPA 855, and UL 9540A. The testing
shall be conducted or witnessed and reported by an approved testing laboratory and
show that a fire involving one ESS will not propagate to an adjacent ESS, and where
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installed within buildings, enclosed areas and walk-in units will be contained within the
room, enclosed area or walk-in unit for a duration equal to the fire-resistance rating of
the room separation specified in Section 1207.7.4. The test report shall be provided to
the fire code official for review and approval in accordance with Section 104.8.2.
15.04.380 Section 1207.11.3 amended – Location.
Section 1207.11.3 of the California Fire Code is amended to read:
1207.11.3 Location. ESS shall be installed only in the following locations:
1. Detached garages and detached accessory structures.
2. Attached garages separated from the dwelling unit living space and sleeping units
in accordance with Section R302.6.
3. Outdoors installations or on the exterior side of the exterior walls shall not be
located not less than 3 feet (914 mm) from doors and windows directly entering the
dwelling unit and shall not be located below or above any emergency escape and
rescue openings.
4. Enclosed utility closets, basements, storage or utility spaces within dwelling units
with finished or noncombustible walls and ceilings. Walls and ceilings of unfinished
wood-framed construction shall be provided with not less than 5/8-inch (15.9 mm)
Type X gypsum wallboard.
5. ESS shall not be installed in sleeping rooms, closets, spaces opening directly into
sleeping rooms or in habitable spaces of dwelling units.
15.04.390 Section 3305.9 added - Fire walls.
Section 3305.9 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
3305.9 Fire walls. When firewalls are required, the wall construction shall be completed
(with all openings protected) immediately after the building is sufficiently weather-
protected at the location of the wall(s).
15.04.400 Section 3312.1 amended and 3312.1.1 added.
Section 3312.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
3312.1 Stairways required. Each level above the first story in new multi-story buildings
shall be provided with at least two usable exit stairways after the floor decking is installed.
The stairways shall be continuous and shall discharge to grade level. Stairways serving
more than two floor levels shall be enclosed (with openings adequately protected) after
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exterior walls/windows are in place. Exit stairs in new and in existing, occupied buildings
shall be lighted and maintained clear of debris and construction materials at all times.
Exception: For new multi-story buildings, one of the required exit stairs may be
obstructed on not more than two contiguous floor levels for the purposes of stairway
construction (i.e., installation of gypsum board, painting, flooring, etc.).
3312.1.1 Required means of egress. All new buildings under construction shall have a
least one unobstructed means of egress. All means of egress shall be identified in the Fire
Protection Plan.
15.04.410 Section 4902.1 amended - Definition of wildland-urban interface fire area.
The definition of “wildland-urban interface fire area” in Section 4902.1 is amended to read as
follows:
WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE FIRE AREA (WUI) A geographical area identified by the
State of California as a “Fire Hazard Severity Zone” in accordance with Public Resources
Code Sections 4201 through 4204 and Government Code Sections 51175 through 51189,
or other areas designated by the enforcing agency to be at a significant risk from wildfires.
Within the city limits of the City of Palo Alto, “Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area” shall
also include all areas west of Interstate 280, and all other areas recommended as a “Very
High Fire Hazard Severity Zone” by the Director of the California Department of
Forestry.
15.04.420 Section 4903.2 amended and sections 4903.3 through 4903.4 added – General
requirements for wildland- urban interface fire areas.
Sections 4903.2 amended and 4903.3 through 4903.4 are added to the California Fire Code to
read as follows:
4903.2 Contents. The fire protection plan shall be based on a project-specific wildfire
hazard assessment that includes considerations of location, topography, aspect, and
climatic and fire history. The plans shall identify conformance with all applicable state
wildfire protection regulations, statutes and applicable local ordinances, whichever are
more restrictive. The plan shall address fire department access, egress, road and address
signage, water supply, building ignition and fire-resistance factors, fire protection systems
and equipment, defensible space and vegetation management in addition to fuel
reduction in accordance with Public Resources Code (PRC) 4290; the defensible space
requirements in accordance with PRC 4291 or Government Code 51182; and the
applicable building codes and standards for wildfire safety. The plan shall identify
mitigation measures to address the project’s specific wildfire risk and shall include the
information required in Section 4903.2.1.
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4903.3 Cost. The cost of fire protection plan preparation and review shall be the
responsibility of the applicant.
4903.4 Plan retention. The fire protection plan shall be retained by the fire code official.
15.04.430 Sections 4907.1 amended and 4907.4 added - Defensible space.
Section 4907.1 is amended and Section 4907.4 is added to the California Fire Code to read as
follows:
4907.1 General. Hazardous vegetation and fuels shall be managed to reduce the severity
of potential exterior wildfire exposure to buildings and to reduce the risk of fire spreading
to buildings as required by applicable laws and regulations. Defensible space will be
managed around all buildings and structures in State Responsibility Areas (SRA) as
required in Public Resources Code 4291. Persons owning, leasing, controlling, operating
or maintaining buildings or structures in, upon or adjoining the Wildland-Urban Interface
Fire Area and persons owning, leasing or controlling land adjacent to such buildings or
structures, shall at all times:
1. Maintain an effective defensible space by removing and clearing away flammable
vegetation and combustible growth from areas within 30 feet (9144 mm) of such
buildings or structures.
Exception: Single specimens of trees, ornamental shrubbery or similar plants used
as ground covers, provided that they do not form a means of rapidly transmitting
fire from the native growth to any structure.
2. Maintain additional effective defensible space by removing brush, flammable
vegetation and combustible growth located 30 feet to 100 feet (9144 mm to 30480
mm) from such buildings or structures, when required by the fire code official due to
steepness of terrain or other conditions that would cause a defensible space of only
30 feet (9144 mm) to be insufficient.
Exception: Grass and other vegetation located more than 30 feet (9144 mm) from
buildings or structures and less than 18 inches (457 mm) in height above the
ground need not be removed where necessary to stabilize the soil and prevent
erosion.
3. Remove portions of trees, which extend within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the outlet
of a chimney.
4. Maintain trees adjacent to or overhanging a building free of deadwood.
5. Maintain the roof of a structure free of leaves, needles or other dead vegetative
growth.
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6. Remove flammable vegetation a minimum of 10 feet around liquefied petroleum
gas tanks/containers.
7. Firewood and combustible materials shall not be stored in unenclosed spaces
beneath buildings or structures, or on decks or under eaves, canopies or other
projections or overhangs. The storage of firewood and combustible material within
the defensible space shall be located a minimum of 30 feet (6096 mm) from structures
and separated from the crown of trees by a minimum horizontal distance of 15 feet
(4572 mm).
Exception: Firewood and combustible materials not for consumption on the
premises shall be stored as approved by the fire code official.
8. Clear areas within 10 feet (3048 mm) of fire apparatus access roads and driveways
to of non-fire-resistive vegetation growth.
Exception: Grass and other vegetation located more than 30 feet (9144 mm) from
buildings or structures and less than 18 inches (457 mm) in height above the ground
need not be removed where necessary to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion.
[. . .]
4907.4 Corrective Actions. The executive body is authorized to instruct the fire code
official to give notice to the owner of the property upon which conditions regulated by
Section 4907.1 exist to correct such conditions. If the owner fails to correct such
conditions, the executive body is authorized to cause the same to be done and make the
expense of such correction a lien upon the property where such condition exists.
15.04.440 Section 5001.2.2.2 amended - Health Hazards.
Section 5001.2.2.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
5001.2.2.2 Health Hazards. The material categories listed in this section are classified as
health hazards. A material with a primary classification as a health hazard can also pose a
physical hazard.
1. Highly toxic, toxic and moderately toxic.
2. Corrosive materials.
3. Moderately toxic gas.
4. Other health hazards.
15.04.450 Section 5001.7 added - Hazard Materials Management Plan Electronic submissions Section 5001.7 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
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5001.7 HMMP Electronic submissions Each applicant for a permit, a renewed permit, or
an amended permit pursuant to this title shall file an electronic submission of all
hazardous materials through California Environmental Reporting System (CERS) for the
fire chief's approval, to be known as a hazardous materials management plan (HMMP),
which shall demonstrate the suitable storage of hazardous materials. The HMMP may be
amended at any time with the consent of the fire chief. The HMMP shall be a public record
except as otherwise specified. Section 18.23.100 in Title 18 identifies notification
requirements of the availability of the HMMP. Approval of the HMMP shall mean that the
HMMP has provided adequate information for the purposes of evaluating the permit
approval. Such approval shall not be understood to mean that the city has made an
independent determination of the adequacy of that which is described in the HMMP
electronic submission.
15.04.460 Section 5003.1.3.1 added - Toxic, Highly Toxic, Moderately Toxic gases and similarly
used or handled materials.
Section 5003.1.3.1 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
5003.1.3.1 Toxic, Highly Toxic, Moderately Toxic gases and similarly used or handled
materials. The storage, use, and handling of toxic, highly toxic and moderately toxic gases
in amounts exceeding Table 60004.2 or 60004.3 shall be in accordance with this Chapter
and Chapter 60. Any toxic, highly toxic or moderately toxic material that is used or
handled as a gas or vapor shall be in accordance with the requirements for toxic, highly
toxic or moderately toxic gases.
15.04.470 Section 5003.1.5 added - Other Health Hazards Including Carcinogens, Irritants
and Sensitizers.
Section 5003.1.5 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
5003.1.5 Other Health Hazards Including Carcinogens, Irritants and Sensitizers. The
storage, use, and handling of materials classified as other health hazards including
carcinogens, irritants and sensitizers in amounts exceeding 810 cubic feet for gases, 55
gallons for liquids and 5,000 pounds for solids shall be in accordance with this Section
5003.
15.04.480 Section 5003.1.6 added – Additional Secondary Containment Requirements.
Section 5003.1.6 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
5003.1.6 Additional Secondary Containment Requirements. In addition to the
requirements set forth in Section 5004.2, an approved containment system is required
for any quantity of hazardous materials that are liquids or solids at normal temperature
and pressure (NTP), where a spill is determined to be a plausible event and where such
an event would endanger people, property or the environment. The approved
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containment system may be required to include a combination of spill control and
secondary containment meeting the design and construction requirements set forth in
section 5004.2.
15.04.490 Section 5003.2.2.1 amended - Design and construction.
Section 5003.2.2.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
5003.2.2.1 Design and construction. Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related
components used for hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the following:
1. Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related components shall be designed and
fabricated from materials compatible with the material to be contained and shall
be of adequate strength and durability to withstand the pressure, structural and
seismic stress, and exposure to which they are subject.
2. Piping and tubing shall be identified in accordance with ASME A13.1 and the Santa
Clara County Fire Chiefs Marking Requirements and Guidelines for Hazardous
Materials and Hazardous Waste to indicate the material conveyed.
3. Manual valves or automatic remotely activated fail-safe emergency shutoff valves
shall be installed on supply piping and tubing and provided with ready access at
the following locations at the following locations:
a. The point of use. b. The tank, cylinder or bulk use.
4. Manual emergency shutoff valves and controls for remotely activated
emergency shutoff valves shall be clearly visible, provided with ready access and
identified in an approved manner.
5. Backflow prevention or check valves shall be provided when the backflow of
hazardous materials could create a hazardous condition or cause the
unauthorized discharge of hazardous materials.
6. Where gases or liquids having a hazard ranking of: Health hazard Class 3 or 4,
Flammability Class 3 or 4, or Reactivity Class 4 in accordance with NFPA 704 are
carried in pressurized piping above 15 pounds per square inch gauge (psig)(103
Kpa), an approved means of leak detection, emergency shutoff and excess flow
control shall be provided. Where the piping originates from within a hazardous
material storage room or area, the excess flow control shall be located within the
storage room or area. Where the piping originates from a bulk source, the excess
flow control shall be located as close to the bulk source as practical.
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Exceptions:
a. Piping for inlet connections designed to prevent backflow.
b. Piping for pressure relief devices.
7. Secondary containment or equivalent protection from spills or leaks shall be
provided for piping for liquid hazardous materials and for highly toxic and toxic
corrosive gases above threshold quantities listed in Tables 6004.2 and 6004.3.
Secondary containment includes, but is not limited to, double- walled piping.
Exceptions:
a. Secondary containment is not required for toxic corrosive gases if the piping is
constructed of inert materials.
b. Piping under sub-atmospheric conditions if the piping is equipped with an
alarm and fail-safe-to-close valve activated by a loss of vacuum.
8. Expansion chambers shall be provided between valves whenever the regulated gas
may be subjected to thermal expansion. Chambers shall be sized to provide
protection for piping and instrumentation and to accommodate the expansion of
regulated materials.
15.04.500 Section 5003.2.2.2 amended - Additional regulations for supply piping for health
hazard materials.
Section 5003.2.2.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
5003.2.2.2 Additional regulations for supply piping for health hazard materials. Supply
piping and tubing for gases and liquids having a health hazard ranking of 3 or 4 in
accordance with ASME B31.3 and the following:
1. Piping and tubing utilized for the transmission of toxic, highly toxic, or highly volatile
corrosive liquids and gases shall have welded or brazed connections throughout
except for connections within an exhausted enclosure if the material is a gas, or an
approved method of drainage or containment is provided for connections if the
material is a liquid.
2. Piping and tubing shall not be located within corridors, within any portion of a means
of egress required to be enclosed in fire-resistance-rated construction or in concealed
spaces in areas not classified as Group H Occupancies. Exception: Piping and tubing within the space defined by the walls of corridors and
the floor or roof above or in concealed space above other occupancies when installed
in accordance with Section 415.11.7.4 of the California Building Code as required for
Group H5 occupancies.
3. All primary piping for toxic, highly toxic and moderately toxic gases shall pass a helium
leak test of 1x10-9 cubic centimeters/second where practical, or shall pass testing in
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accordance with an approved, nationally recognized standard. Tests shall be
conducted by a qualified “third party” not involved with the construction of the piping
and control systems.
15.04.510 Section 5003.3.1 amended - Unauthorized discharges.
Section 5003.3.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
5003.3.1 Unauthorized discharges. In the event hazardous materials are released in
quantities reportable under state, federal or local regulations or when there is a
threatened release that presents a threat to health, property or the environment, the fire
code official shall be notified immediately in an approved manner and the following
procedures required in accordance with Sections 5003.3.1.1 through 5003.3.1.4.
15.04.520 Section 5003.5.2 added - Ventilation Ducting.
Section 5003.5.2 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
5003.5.2 Ventilation Ducting. Ducts venting hazardous materials operations shall be
labeled with the hazard class of the material being vented and the direction of flow.
15.04.530 Section 5003.5.3 added - “H” Occupancies.
Section 5003.5.4 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
5003.5.3 “H” Occupancies. In “H” occupancies, all piping and tubing may be required to
be identified when there is any possibility of confusion with hazardous materials transport
tubing or piping. Flow direction indicators are required.
15.04.540 Section 5003.9.11 added - Fire extinguishing systems for workstations
dispensing, handling or using hazardous materials.
Section 5003.9.11 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
5003.9.11 Fire extinguishing systems for workstations dispensing, handling or using
hazardous materials. Combustible and non-combustible work stations which dispense,
handle or use hazardous materials shall be protected by an approved automatic fire
extinguishing system.
Exception: Internal fire protection is not required for Biological Safety Cabinets that carry
NSF/ANSI certification where quantities of flammable liquids in use or storage within the
cabinet do not exceed 500 ml.
15.04.550 Section 5003.10.4 amended - Elevators utilized to transport hazardous materials.
Section 5003.10.4 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
5003.10.4 Elevators utilized to transport hazardous materials.
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5003.10.4.1 When transporting hazardous materials, elevators shall have no other
passengers other than in the individual(s) handling the chemical transport cart.
5003.10.4.1.1 When transporting cryogenic or liquefied compressed gases, there shall
be no occupants in the elevator.
5003.10.4.2 Hazardous materials liquid containers shall have a maximum capacity of 20 liters (5.28 gal).
5003.10.4.3 Highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic gases shall be limited to a container
of a maximum water capacity of 1 lb.
5003.10.4.4 When transporting cryogenic or liquefied compressed gases means shall be
provided to prevent the elevator from being summoned to other floors.
15.04.560 Section 5004.2.1 amended - Spill control for hazardous material liquids.
Section 5004.2.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
5004.2.1 Spill control for hazardous material liquids. Rooms, buildings or areas used for
storage of hazardous material liquids shall be provided with spill control to prevent the
flow of liquids to adjoining areas. Floors in indoor locations and similar surfaces in outdoor
locations shall be constructed to contain a spill from the largest single vessel by one of the
following methods:
1. Liquid-tight sloped or recessed floors in indoor locations or similar areas in outdoor
locations.
2. Liquid-tight floors in indoor and outdoor locations or similar areas provided with
liquid-tight raised or recessed sills or dikes.
3. Sumps and collection systems, including containment pallets in accordance with
Section 5004.2.3.
4. Other approved engineered systems.
Except for surfacing, the floors, sills, dikes, sumps and collection systems shall be
constructed of noncombustible material, and the liquid-tight seal shall be compatible
with the material stored. When liquid-tight sills or dikes are provided, they are not
required at perimeter openings having an open-grate trench across the opening that
connects to an approved collection system.
15.04.570 Sections 5004.2.2 and 5004.2.2.2 amended and Table 5004.2.2 deleted -
Secondary Containment for Hazardous Material Liquids and Solids.
Table 5004.2.2 is deleted in its entirety.
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Sections 5004.2.2 and 5004.2.2.2 of the California Fire Code are amended to read as follows:
5004.2.2 Secondary Containment for Hazardous Material Liquids and Solids. Buildings,
rooms or areas used for the storage of hazardous materials liquids or solids shall be
provided with secondary containment in accordance with this section.
[. . .]
5004.2.2.2 Incompatible Materials. Incompatible materials shall be separated from each
other in independent secondary containment systems.
15.04.580 Section 5004.2.3 amended – Containment pallets.
Section 5004.2.3 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
5004.2.3 Containment pallets. Combustible containment pallets shall not be used inside
buildings to comply with Section 5004.2 where the individual container capacity exceeds
55 gallons (208 L) or an aggregate capacity of multiple containers exceeds 1,000 gallons
(3785 L) for liquids or where the individual container capacity exceeds 550 pounds (250
kg) or an aggregate of multiple containers exceeds 10,000 pounds (4540 kg) for solids.
Where used as an alternative to spill control and secondary containment for outdoor
storage in accordance with the exception in Section 5004.2, containment pallets shall
comply with all of the following:
1. A liquid-tight sump accessible for visual inspection shall be provided;
2. The sump shall be designed to contain not less than 66 gallons (250L);
3. Exposed surfaces shall be compatible with material stored;
Containment pallets shall be protected to prevent collection of rainwater within the sump
of the containment pallet.
15.04.590 Section 5704.2.7.5.8 amended - Overfill prevention.
Section 5704.2.7.5.8 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
5704.2.7.5.8 Overfill prevention. An approved means or method in accordance with
Section 5704.2.9.7.5 shall be provided to prevent overfill of all Class I, II and IIIA liquid
storage tanks. Storage tanks in refineries, bulk plants or terminals regulated by Sections
5706.4 or 5706.7 shall have overfill protection in accordance with API 2350.
An approved means or method in accordance with Section 5704.2.9.7.5 shall be provided
to prevent the overfilling of Class IIIB liquid storage tanks connected to fuel-burning
equipment inside buildings.
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Exception: Outside aboveground tanks with a capacity of 1320 gallons (5000 L) or less
shall comply with Section 5704.2.9.7.5.1 (1.1)
15.04.600 Section 5704.2.7.5.9 added - Automatic filling of tanks.
Section 5704.2.7.5.9 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
5704.2.7.5.9 Automatic filling of tanks. Systems that automatically fill flammable or
combustible liquid tanks shall be equipped with an approved overfill protection system
that sends an alarm signal to a constantly attended location and immediately stops the
filling of the tank. The alarm signal and automatic shutoff shall be tested on an annual
basis and records of such testing shall be maintained on-site for a period of five (5) years.
15.04.610 Section 5707.3.3 amended – Site Plan.
Section 5707.3.3 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
5707.3.3 Site Plan. A site plan shall be developed for each location at which mobile fueling
occurs. The site plan shall be in sufficient detail to indicate the following:
1. All buildings and structures.
2. Lot lines or property lines.
3. Electric car chargers.
4. Solar photovoltaic parking lot canopies.
5. Appurtenances on site and their use and function
6. All uses adjacent to the lot lines of the site.
7. Fueling locations.
8. Locations of all storm drain openings and adjacent waterways or wetlands.
9. Information regarding slope, natural drainage, curbing, impounding.
10. How a spill will be kept on the site property.
11. Scale of the site plan.
15.04.620 Section 6001.1 amended – Site Scope.
Section 6001.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
6001.1 The storage and use of highly toxic, toxic and moderately toxic materials shall
comply with this chapter. Compressed gases shall also comply with Chapter 53.
Exceptions:
1. Display and storage in Group M and storage in Group S occupancies complying
with Section 5003.1 1.
2. Conditions involving pesticides or agricultural products as follows:
2.1. Application and release of pesticide, agricultural products and materials
intended for use in weed abatement, erosion control, soil amendment or similar
applications when applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruction and
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label directions.
2.2. Transportation of pesticides in compliance with the Federal Hazardous
Materials Transportation Act and regulations thereunder.
2.3. Storage in dwellings or private garages of pesticides registered by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to be utilized in and around the home,
garden, pool, spa and patio.
15.04.630 Section 6002.1 amended – add definitions
The following definition is added to section 6002.1 of the California Fire Code as defined in
Chapter 2 of the California Fire Code and local amendments:
MODERATELY TOXIC GAS. A moderately toxic gas is a chemical or substance that has a
median lethal concentration (LC50) in air more than 2000 parts per million but not more
than 5000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, when administered by continuous
inhalation for an hour, or less if death occurs within one hour, to albino rats weighing
between 200 and 300 grams each.
15.04.640 Section 6004.1 amended - Highly toxic and toxic compressed gases.
Section 6004.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
6004.1.1 The storage and use of highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic compressed
gases shall comply with this section.
6004.1.1 Special limitations for indoor storage and use by occupancy. The indoor
storage and use of highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic compressed gases in certain
occupancies shall be subject to the limitations contained in Sections 6004.1.1.1 through
6004.1.1 .3.
6004.1.1.1 Group A, E, I or U occupancies. Moderately toxic, toxic and highly toxic
compressed gases shall not be stored or used within Group A, E, I or U occupancies.
Exception: Cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet (0.566 m3) at normal temperature and
pressure (NTP) are allowed within gas cabinets or fume hoods.
6004.1.1.2 Group R occupancies. Moderately toxic, toxic, and highly toxic compressed
gases shall not be stored or used in Group R occupancies.
6004.1.1.3 Offices, retail sales and classrooms. Moderately toxic, toxic and highly toxic
compressed gases shall not be stored or used in offices, retail sales or classroom
portions of Group B, F, M or S occupancies.
Exception: In classrooms of Group B occupancies, cylinders with a capacity not
exceeding 20 cubic feet (0.566 m3) at NTP are allowed in gas cabinets or fume hoods.
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15.04.650 Sections 6004.2 and 6004.2.1 amended - Indoor storage and use.
Sections 6004.2 and 6004.2.1 of the California Fire Code are amended to read as follows:
6004.2 Indoor storage and use. The indoor storage and use of highly toxic, toxic, and
moderately toxic compressed gases shall be in accordance with Sections 6004.2.1
through 6004.2.2.10.3.
6004.2.1 Applicability. The applicability of regulations governing the indoor storage and
use of highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic compressed gases shall be as set forth in
Sections 6004.2.1.1 through 6004.2.1.4.
15.04.660 Section 6004.2.1.4 and Table 6004.2.1.4 Added - Quantities.
Section 6004.2.1.4 and Table 6004.2.1.4 of the California Fire Code are added to read as
follows:
6004.2.1.4 Quantities. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic, toxic, and moderately
toxic gases in amounts exceeding the minimum threshold quantities per control area set
forth in Table 6004.2.1.4 but not exceeding maximum allowable quantity per control
area set forth in Table 5003.1.1(2) shall be in accordance with Sections 5001, 5003,
6001, 6004.1, and 6004.4.
Table 6004.2.1.4
Minimum Threshold Quantities for Highly Toxic, Toxic and Moderately Toxic Gases
for Indoor Storage and Use
Highly Toxic 20 cubic feet
Toxic 405 cubic feet
Moderately Toxic 405 cubic feet
15.04.670 Section 6004.4 through 6004.4.8.2 Added - General Indoor Requirements
Section 6004.4 through 6004.4.8.2 of the California Fire Code is added to read as follows:
6004.4. General indoor requirements. The general requirements applicable to the
indoor storage and use of highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic compressed gases
shall be in accordance with Sections 6004.4 through 6004.4.8.2
6004.4.1 Cylinder and tank location. Cylinders shall be located within gas cabinets,
exhausted enclosures or gas rooms. Portable and stationary tanks shall be located
within gas rooms or exhausted enclosures.
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Exception:
1. Where a gas detection system is provided in accordance with 6004.4.8
6004.4.2. Ventilated areas. The room or area in which gas cabinets or exhausted
enclosures are located shall be provided with exhaust ventilation. Gas cabinets or
exhausted enclosures shall not be used as the sole means of exhaust for any room or
area.
6004.4.3. Piping and controls. In addition to the requirements of Section 5003.2.2,
piping and controls on stationary tanks, portable tanks, and cylinders shall comply with
the following requirements:
1. Stationary tanks, portable tanks, and cylinders in use shall be provided with a means
of excess flow control on all tank and cylinder inlet or outlet connections.
Exceptions:
1. Inlet connections designed to prevent backflow.
2. Pressure relief devices.
6004.4.4 Gas rooms. Gas rooms shall comply with Section 5003.8.4 and both of the
following requirements:
1. The exhaust ventilation from gas rooms shall be directed to an exhaust system.
2. Gas rooms shall be equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system.
Alternative fire-extinguishing systems shall not be used.
6004.4.5 Treatment systems. The exhaust ventilation from gas cabinets, exhausted
enclosures and gas rooms, required in Section 6004.4.1 shall be directed to a treatment
system. The treatment system shall be utilized to handle the accidental release of gas
and to process exhaust ventilation. The treatment system shall be designed in
accordance with Sections 6004.2.2.7.1 through 6004.2.2.7.5 and Chapter 5 of the
California Mechanical Code.
Exceptions:
1. Highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic gases—storage. A treatment system is not
required for cylinders, containers and tanks in storage where all of the following
controls are provided:
a. Valve outlets are equipped with gas-tight outlet plugs or caps.
b. Hand wheel-operated valves have handles secured to prevent movement.
c. Approved containment vessels or containment systems are provided in accordance
with Section 6004.2.2.3.
2. Highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic gases —use. Treatment systems are not
required for highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic gases supplied by stationary tanks,
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portable tanks, or cylinders where a gas detection system complying with Section
6004.4.8 and listed or approved automatic-closing fail-safe valves are provided. The gas
detection system shall have a sensing interval not exceeding 5 minutes. Automatic-
closing fail-safe valves shall be located immediately adjacent to cylinder valves and shall
close when gas is detected at the permissible exposure limit (PEL) by a gas sensor
monitoring the exhaust system at the point of discharge from the gas cabinet,
exhausted enclosure, ventilated enclosure or gas room.
6004.4.5.1. Design. Treatment systems shall be capable of diluting, adsorbing,
absorbing, containing, neutralizing, burning or otherwise processing the contents of the
largest single vessel of compressed gas. Where a total containment system is used, the
system shall be designed to handle the maximum anticipated pressure of release to the
system when it reaches equilibrium.
6004.4.5.2. Performance. Treatment systems shall be designed to reduce the maximum
allowable discharge concentrations of the gas to one-half immediate by dangerous to
life and health (IDLH) at the point of discharge to the atmosphere. Where more than
one gas is emitted to the treatment system, the treatment system shall be designed to
handle the worst-case release based on the release rate, the quantity and the IDLH for
all compressed gases stored or used.
6004.4.5.3. Sizing. Treatment systems shall be sized to process the maximum worst-
case release of gas based on the maximum flow rate of release from the largest vessel
utilized. The entire contents of the largest compressed gas vessel shall be considered.
6004.4.5.4 Stationary tanks. Stationary tanks shall be labeled with the maximum rate
of release for the compressed gas contained based on valves or fittings that are inserted
directly into the tank. Where multiple valves or fittings are provided, the maximum flow
rate of release for valves or fittings with the highest flow rate shall be indicated. Where
liquefied compressed gases are in contact with valves or fittings, the liquid flow rate
shall be utilized for computation purposes. Flow rates indicated on the label shall be
converted to cubic feet per minute (cfm/min) (m3/s) of gas at normal temperature and
pressure (NTP).
6004.4.5.5 Portable tanks and cylinders. The maximum flow rate of release for portable
tanks and cylinders shall be calculated based on the total release from the cylinder or
tank within the time specified in Table 6004.2.2.7.5. Where portable tanks or cylinders
are equipped with approved excess flow or reduced flow valves, the worst- case release
shall be determined by the maximum achievable flow from the valve as determined by
the valve manufacturer or compressed gas supplier. Reduced flow and excess flow
valves shall be permanently marked by the valve manufacturer to indicate the maximum
design flow rate. Such markings shall indicate the flow rate for air under normal
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temperature and pressure.
6004.4.6. Emergency power. Emergency power shall be provided for the following
systems in accordance with Section 604:
1. Exhaust ventilation system.
2. Treatment system.
3. Gas detection system.
4. Smoke detection system.
6004.4.6.1. Fail-safe systems. Emergency power shall not be required for mechanical
exhaust ventilation and treatment systems where approved fail-safe systems are
installed and designed to stop gas flow.
6004.4.7. Automatic fire detection system. An approved automatic fire detection
system shall be installed in rooms or areas where highly toxic, toxic, and moderately
toxic compressed gases are stored or used. Activation of the detection system shall
sound a local alarm. The fire detection system shall comply with Section 907.
6004.4.8. Gas detection system. A gas detection system complying with Section 916 shall
be provided to detect the presence of gas at or below the PEL or ceiling limit of the gas
for which detection is provided.
Exceptions:
1. A gas detection system is not required for toxic and moderately toxic gases when
the physiological warning threshold level for the gas is at a level below the accepted PEL
for the gas.
A gas detection system is not required for highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic gases
where cylinders, portable tanks, and all non-continuously welded connects are within a
gas cabinet or exhausted enclosures.
6004.4.8.1. Alarms. The gas detection system shall initiate a local alarm and transmit a
signal to an approved location.
6004.4.8.2. Shut off of gas supply. The gas detection system shall automatically close the
shut off valve at the source on gas supply piping and tubing related to the system being
monitored for whichever gas is detected.
Exception: Automatic shutdown is not required for highly toxic, toxic, and moderately
toxic compressed gas systems where all of the following controls are provided:
1. Constantly attended / supervised.
2. Provided with emergency shutoff valves that have ready access.
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SECTION 2. The Council adopts the findings for local amendments to the California
Fire Code, 2022 Edition, attached hereto as Exhibit "A" and incorporated herein by reference.
SECTION 3. The Council finds that this project is exempt from the provisions of the
California Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”), pursuant to Section 15061 of the California
Guidelines, because it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the amendments
herein adopted will have a significant effect on the environment.
SECTION 4. This Ordinance shall become effective on the commencement of the
thirty-first day after the day of its adoption.
INTRODUCED:
PASSED:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTENTIONS:
ATTEST:
____________________________ ____________________________
City Clerk Mayor
APPROVED AS TO FORM: APPROVED:
____________________________ ____________________________
Assistant City Attorney City Manager
____________________________
Director of Planning and
Development Services
____________________________
Fire Chief
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EXHIBIT A
Findings for Local Amendments to the 2022 California Fire Code
The following local amendments to the 2022 California Fire Code make modifications as
authorized by the California Health and Safety Code. In accordance with Section 18941.5 of said
Code, Findings are hereby made to show that such modifications or changes are reasonably
necessary because of local climatic, geological or topographical conditions.
I. PREAMBLE
I. Findings of fact
A. Pursuant to Section 17958.5 of the California Health and Safety Code, the report contained
herein is submitted as the “Findings of Fact” document with regard to the adoption of the
California Fire Code, 2022 Edition, and amendments. Under this adopting ordinance, specific
amendments have been established which are more restrictive in nature than those adopted by
the State of California (State Building Code Standards, State Housing and Community
Development Codes) commonly referred to as California Code of Regulations, Titles 19, 24 and
25.
B. These amendments to the California Fire Code, 2022 Edition, have been recognized by the
City of Palo Alto (“City”) as tools for addressing the fire problems, concerns and future direction
by which the authority can establish and maintain an environment which will afford a level of fire
and life safety to all who live and work within the City’s boundaries.
C. Under the provisions of Section 17958.5 of the Health and Safety Code, local amendments
shall be based upon the following: climatic, geological/geographical, and topographical
conditions. The findings of fact contained herein shall address each of these situations and shall
present the local situation which, either singularly or in combination, caused the established
amendments to be adopted.
1. Climactic Conditions:
The City, on an average, experiences an annual rainfall of 16" - 18". This rainfall can be expected
between October and April of each year. However, during the summer months there is little, if
any, measurable precipitation. During this dry period the temperatures are usually between 70-
90 degrees with light to gusty westerly winds. These drying winds, combined with the natural
vegetation which is dominant throughout the area, create a hazardous fuel condition which can
cause, and has caused in the past, extensive grass and brush land fires. With more and more
development encroaching into these wooded and grass covered areas, wind-driven fires could
have severe consequences, as has been demonstrated on several occasions in Palo Alto and other
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areas of the state. Fires in structures can easily spread to the wildland as well as a fire in the
wildland into a structure.
Because of the weather patterns, a normal rainfall cannot always be relied upon. This can result
in water rationing and water allocation systems, as demonstrated by the drought years of 1986-
1991. Water shortages can also be expected in the future due to the current water storage
capacities and increased consumption. The water supply for the Palo Alto fire department makes
use of automatic fire sprinkler systems feasible as a means to reduce our dependency on large
volumes of water for fire suppression.
2. Geological & Geographical Conditions:
Geographical Location. Palo Alto is located at the northern most part of Santa Clara County. Palo
Alto is a major focus of the “Silicon Valley,” the center for an expanding and changing electronics
industry, as well as pharmaceutical, biomedical, and genetic research.
Seismic Location. Palo Alto is situated on alluvial solids between San Francisco Bay and the San
Andreas Fault zone. The City’s location makes it particularly vulnerable to damage to taller and
older structures caused by seismic events. The relatively young geological processes that have
created the San Francisco Bay Area are still active today. Seismically, the city sits between two
active earthquake faults (San Andreas and the Hayward/Calaveras), and numerous potentially
active faults. Approximately 55% of the City’s land surface is in the high-to-moderate seismic
hazard zones.
Seismic and Fire Hazards. Fire following an earthquake has the potential of causing greater loss
of life and damage than the earthquake itself.
The majority of the City’s high-rise structures are located in seismic risk zones. Should a significant
seismic event occur, Public Safety resources would have to be prioritized to mitigate the greatest
threat, and may not be available for every structural fire. In such event, individual structures,
including high-rise buildings, should be equipped to help in mitigating the risk of damage.
Other variables may tend to intensify the situation:
a. The extent of damage to the water system;
b. The extent of isolation due to bridge and/or freeway overpass collapse;
c. The extent of roadway damage and/or amount of debris blocking the roadways;
d. Climatical conditions (hot, dry weather with high winds);
e. Time of day will influence the amount of traffic on roadways and could intensify the risk
to life during normal business hours;
f. The availability of timely mutual aid or military assistance;
g. Many high-rise structures are located near areas of high fire danger necessitating special
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precautions.
Transportation. Palo Alto is dissected by a major state highway (El Camino Real) and two major
freeways (I-280 and U.S. 101), which potentially could negatively affect response times of fire
suppression equipment.
Soil Conditions. Palo Alto lies at the southern end of San Francisco Bay and is built atop the alluvial
deposits that surround the margins of the Bay. The alluvium was created by the flooding of many
streams emptying into the San Francisco Bay depression, and from intermittent sea water
inundation that has occurred over the last 2 or 3 million years. The areas closest to the Bay are
overlain by unconsolidated fine silty clay, known as Bay Mud which varies in thickness from a few
feet to as much as 30 feet. Generally, the older more stable alluvium is to the south and the
younger less stable material is to the north. Bedrock lies beneath the area at depths of generally
300' or more.
3. Topographical Conditions:
The findings of fact for the topographical element, as would be expected, are closely associated
with the geological/geographical element. With the elevation changes within the district,
development is of course following the path of least resistance, creating a meandering pattern.
This then does not lend itself to a good systematic street and road layout, which would promote
easy traffic flow. It has, in fact, resulted in few major crosstown thoroughfares which tend to be
heavily congested, primarily during commute hours and seasonal periods of the year. This creates
barriers which reduce the response time of fire equipment and other emergency services. The
topography of the district is being burdened by major structures. Employment areas are
throughout the district. The people who work in these complexes have added to the traffic
congestion throughout the city, thereby reducing the fire department’s response time
capabilities.
Inherent delays caused by the traffic patterns to many of these types of projects, make it
necessary to mitigate this problem by requiring additional built-in automatic fire protection
systems to provide early detection and initial control until the arrival of the fire department.
The topography of the district in much of the commercial and residential zones lies within or near
a flood plane. Periodically, heavy rains and high tides cause region-wide flooding which not only
delays response but also increases demands on fire personnel. The fire code amendments
increase safeguards and initialize early response to help compensate for these physical delays.
As a result of the findings of facts which identify the various climatic, geological/geographical and
topographical elements, those additional requirements as specified in the amendments to
adopting ordinance for the California Fire Code 2022 Edition, by the City of Palo Alto area are
considered reasonable and necessary modifications. The experience of several disastrous fires
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within the city in addition to Santa Clara, Monterey, San Mateo, Alameda and Contra Costa
counties have demonstrated the need for other fire protection features, the most significant of
which was located in the Oakland/Berkeley Hills in which over 3,000 homes were destroyed and
25 human lives were lost. While it is clearly understood that the adoption of such regulations
may not prevent the incidence of fire, the implementation of these various amendments to the
Code may reduce the severity and potential of loss of life and property.
II. Specific Findings for Local Amendments
The majority of local amendments (those not specifically listed below) are made strictly to
conform to other parts of the Palo Alto Municipal Code (PAMC) and for similar administrative
purposes.
Based upon the findings of fact described in section I, the City Council also makes the following
specific findings regarding local climatic, geological, and topographic conditions related to local
amendments to the California and International Fire Codes found in Chapter 15.04 of Title 15 of
the Palo Alto Municipal Code (“PAMC”):
1. The local amendments contained in PAMC sections 15.04.060 through 15.04.090,
15.04.150, 15.04.170, 15.04.180, 15.04.260, and 15.04.440 through15.04.670 - relating to
general conditions for hazardous materials are necessary modifications to the California Fire
Code flammable and hazardous materials sections because they maintain consistency with the
Hazardous Materials Storage Ordinance which has been adopted county- wide since 1983.
Requirements include safeguards such as monitoring, secondary containment, separation of
non-compatibles which prevent incidents should a seismic event, unauthorized release or
accident occur.
2. The local amendment contained in PAMC section 15.04.260- Immersion Heaters- is
necessary as a fire control measure because it requires additional controls on process heating
devices which are often activated when unattended. See Geological Findings 2.
3. The local amendments contained in PAMC 15.04.280 through 15.04.340 relating to fire
sprinkler systems are necessary for faster control of fires in the dense populated area and areas
in an extended response time of our community to confine a fire to the area of origin rather
than spread to neighboring structures.
The modifications contained in these amendments provide additional fire extinguishing systems
in new construction, major remodels, additions, and occupancy classification changes to help
mitigate the problems identified in Findings 1, 2, and 3, above- Climatic, Geographical and
Topographical.
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4. The local amendment contained in PAMC section 15.04.320 - Floor control valves is
necessary to provide fire extinguishing control devices that allow systems to remain partially in
service while repairs or maintenance are ongoing. See Findings 1 and 2 above- Climatic and
Geographical.
5. The local amendments contained in PAMC section 15.04.350 provides emergency
lighting, where emergency lighting is required, in public restrooms regardless of size for public
safety. See Findings 1, 2, and 3 – Climatic, Geographical and Topographical.
6. The local amendment contained in PAMC section 15.04.360 matches the requirements
for exceptions for emergency escapes in basements/storm shelters in local amendment
contained in section 16.04.360. See Findings 1 and 2 – Climatic and Geographical.
7. The local amendments contained in PAMC section 15.04.370 and 15.04.380 are
recommendations from Santa Clara County Fire Marshals Association to provide code reference
to the installation of commercial ESS, and clarifying location for residential ESS to not interfere
with emergency escapes or rescue openings.
8. The local amendments contained in PAMC sections 15.04.390 through 15.04.410
provide for additional fire and life safety measures during construction and demolition. See
Findings 2 and 3, above- Geographical and Topographical.
9. The local amendments contained in PAMC sections 15.04.060 through 15.04.090,
15.04.150, 15.04.460, and 15.04.620 through 15.04.670 regarding toxic gases incorporate
requirements established by the Model Toxic Gas Ordinance and California Fire Code.
Administrative and restrictive measures include changes in definitions, quantities regulated,
and utilizes County consensus guidelines established by other regional agencies which share
similar climatic, geological/geographical, and topographical conditions. See Findings 1, 2 and 3,
above- Climatic, Geographical and Topographical.
10. The local amendments contained in PAMC sections 15.04.410 through 15.04.430 set
forth protections for urban-wildland interface areas that are necessary to mitigate the
additional fire risks in the Palo Alto foothills hazardous fire zone. The modifications contained in
these amendments provide for additional precautions against fire risks and additional fire
extinguishing systems necessitated by the conditions listed in Findings 1, 2, and 3, above-
Climatic, Geographical and Topographical.
11. The local amendments added in PAMC section 15.04.160 - Roof guardrails at interior
courts provides for additional fire and life safety measures for firefighters on buildings with
unconventional lightwells. See Findings 2 and 3, above- Geographical and Topographical.
12. The local amendments contained in PAMC section 15.04.020 set forth construction and
design provisions for residential property to mitigate the additional risk of fire. The
modifications contained in this amendment provide for additional precautions against fire risks
necessitated by the conditions listed in Findings 1, 2, and 3, above- Climatic, Geographical and
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Topographical.
13. The local amendments contained in PAMC section 15.04.100 are necessary to identify
the individual responsible who will perform a fire plan review and the requirement of additional
information is necessary to aid in a thorough review during the plan review process. The
modifications contained in this amendment provide information that will help mitigate fire risks
associated by the conditions listed in Findings 1, 2, and 3, above- Climatic, Geographical and
Topographical.
14. The local amendment contained in PAMC section 15.04.120 is necessary to identify who
has the authority and to establish the frequency to inspect buildings and premises. The
modifications contained in this amendment provide for additional precautions to mitigate the
problems identified in Findings 1, 2, and 3, above- Climatic, Geographical and Topographical.
15. The local amendment contained in PAMC section 15.04.190 is necessary to set forth a
limit of the maximum number of false alarms the city of Palo Alto Fire Department will respond
to.
This measure is necessary to prevent fire department resources from responding to non-
emergency situations thereby being unavailable to respond to an actual emergency associated
with Climatic, Geographical and Topographical conditions listed in Findings 1, 2 and 3 above.
16. The local amendments added in PAMC sections 15.04.200 through 15.04.250 – The Fire
Access Roadways and Dimensions requirements are necessary to provide access for effective,
efficient and safe firefighting operations. These measures are necessary to prevent a delay in
fire department resources responding to and having access to an emergency situation
associated with Climatic, Geographical and Topographical conditions listed in Findings 1, 2 and
3 above.
17. The local amendment added in PAMC section 15.04.270 – Prohibitive Locations, is
necessary to restrict the use of portable outdoor gas-fired heating appliances in specific
locations as these appliances can be a fire hazard that may also contribute to the uncontrolled
spread of fire as a result of the Climatic, Geographical, and Topographical conditions described
in Findings 1, 2, and 3 above.
18. The local amendment added in PAMC section 15.04.260 relating to the protection of
energy storage systems is necessary to prevent potential damage and fire that may also
contribute to the uncontrolled spread of fire as a result of the Climatic, Geographical, and
Topographical conditions described in Findings 1, 2, and 3 above.
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Ordinance No. ____
Ordinance of the Council of the City of Palo Alto Repealing Chapter 16.04 of the
Palo Alto Municipal Code and Adopting a New Chapter 16.04, California Building
Code, and a New Chapter 16.19, California Historical Building Code and California
Existing Building Code, 2022 Editions, and Local Amendments and Related
Findings
The Council of the City of Palo Alto does ORDAIN as follows:
SECTION 1. Chapter 16.04 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is hereby amended by repealing it in
its entirety and adopting a new Chapter 16.04 to read as follows:
Chapter 16.04
California Building Code, Title 24, Part 2, Volumes 1 & 2
16.04.010 2022 California Building Code, Title 24, Part 2, Volumes 1 & 2 adopted and
amended.
The California Building Code, 2022 Edition, Title 24, Part 2, Volumes 1 & 2 of the California Code
of Regulations, together with those omissions, amendments, exceptions, and additions thereto,
is adopted and hereby incorporated in this Chapter by reference and made a part hereof the
same as if fully set forth herein.
Unless superseded and expressly repealed, references in City of Palo Alto forms, documents and
regulations to the chapters and sections of any former iteration of the California Code of
Regulations, Title 24, shall be construed to apply to the corresponding provisions contained within
the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, 2022. Ordinance No. 5508 of the City of Palo Alto and
all other ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby expressly repealed.
Wherever the phrases “California Building Code” or “Building Code” are used in this code or any
ordinance of the City, such phrases shall be deemed and construed to refer and apply to the
California Building Code, 2022 Edition, Title 24, Part 2 of the California Code of Regulations, as
adopted by this chapter.
One (1) copy of the California Building Code, 2022 Edition, has been filed for use and examination
of the public in the Office of the Chief Building Official of the City of Palo Alto.
16.04.020 Cross - References to California Building Code.
The provisions of this Chapter contain cross-references to the provisions of the California
Building Code, 2022 Edition, in order to facilitate reference and comparison to those provisions.
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16.04.030 Local Amendments.
The provisions of this Chapter shall constitute local amendments to the cross-referenced provisions
of the California Building Code, 2022 Edition, and shall be deemed to replace the cross-referenced
sections of said Code with the respective provisions set forth in this Chapter. Where used in this
Chapter 16.04, ellipses shall indicate text of the California Building Code, 2022 Edition, that has
been adopted without amendment but is omitted for brevity.
16.04.040 Adoption of 2022 California Building Code Chapter 1,
Division II – Scope and Administration, Part 1 – Scope and Application
And Part 2 – Administration And Enforcement
Chapter 1, Division II, Parts 1 – Scope and Application and Part 2 – Administration and
Enforcement of the 2022 California Building Code are adopted in their entirety, as amended
herein.
16.04.050 Section 101.1 Title.
Section 101.1 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the Building Code of City of Palo Alto,
hereinafter referred to as “this code”.
16.04.060 Section 101.2.1 Appendices.
Section 101.2.1 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
The following Appendix chapters and sections of the California Building Code, 2022 Edition,
are adopted and hereby incorporated in this Chapter by reference and made a part hereof
the same as if fully set forth herein:
A. Appendix I – Patio Covers (Sections I101 through I105)
B. Appendix J – Grading (Section J109.4 Drainage across property lines)
C. Appendix P – Emergency Housing (Sections P101 through P110)
16.04.070 101.4 Referenced codes.
Section 101.4 of the California Building Code is amended to add subdivisions 101.4.8 through
101.4.12, as follows:
101.4 Referenced codes. The other codes listed in Section 101.4.1 through 101.4.12
and referenced elsewhere in this code shall be considered part of the requirements of
this code to the prescribed extent of each such reference.
[. . .]
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101.4.8 Historical Buildings. The provisions of the California Historical
Code shall apply to the alteration, addition, and relocation to qualified
historical buildings or properties.
101.4.9 Electrical. The provisions of the California Electrical Code shall apply
to the installation of electrical systems, including alterations, repairs,
replacement, equipment, appliances, fixtures, fittings and appurtenances
thereto.
101.4.10 Residential Buildings. The provisions of the California Residential
Code shall apply to all matters governing the design and construction of
detached, one- and two-family dwellings, townhouses not more than three
stories and separate means of egress, and structural accessory thereto.
101.4.11 Green Building Standards. The provisions of the California Green
Building Standards Code shall apply to all matters governing the "green
building" related planning, design construction, operation, use and
occupancy of newly constructed and altered buildings.
101.4.12 International Swimming and Spa Code. The provisions of the 2021
International Swimming and Spa Code shall apply to the installation of
private swimming pools and spa facilities.
16.04.080 Section 103 Code Compliance Agency
Section 103 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
103.1 Creation of enforcement agency. The Planning and Development Services
Department is hereby created and the official in charge thereof shall be known as the
chief building official, also referred to as building official or code official. The function of
the department shall be the implementation, administration, and enforcement of the
provisions of this code.
103.2 Appointment. The building official shall be appointed by the chief appointing
authority of the jurisdiction.
103.3 Deputies. In accordance with the prescribed procedures of this jurisdictions and
with the concurrence of the appointing authority, the building official shall have the
authority to appoint assistant chief building officials, manager supervisors, and other
technical officers, inspectors, and other employees. Such employees shall have powers
as delegated by the building official.
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16.04.090 Section 104.2.1 Determination of substantially improved or substantially
damaged existing buildings and structures in flood hazard areas.
Section 104.2.1 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
104.2.1 Determination of substantially improved or substantially damaged existing
buildings and structures in flood hazard areas. For applications for reconstruction,
rehabilitation, repair, alteration, addition or other improvement of existing buildings or
structures located in flood hazard areas, the city engineer or designee shall determine if
the proposed work constitutes substantial improvement or repair of substantial
damage. Where the city engineer or designee determines that the proposed work
constitutes substantial improvement or repair of substantial damage, and where
required by this code, the city engineer or designee shall require the building to meet
the requirements of Section 1612 of the California Building Code, Section R322 of the
California Residential Code as amended, or Palo Alto Municipal Code 16.52 Flood Hazard
Regulations, whichever is more stringent.
16.04.100 Section 104.10.1 Flood hazard area.
Section 104.10.1 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
104.10.1 Flood hazard areas. The city engineer or designee shall not grant
modifications to any provision required in flood hazard areas as established by Section
1612.3 unless a determination has been made that:
1. A showing of good and sufficient cause that the unique characteristics of the
size, configuration or topography of the site render the elevation standards of
Section 1612 inappropriate.
2. A determination that failure to grant the variance would result in exceptional
hardship by rendering the lot undevelopable.
3. A determination that the granting of a variance will not result in increased
flood heights, additional threats to public safety, extraordinary public
expense, cause fraud on or victimization of the public, or conflict with existing
laws or ordinances.
4. A determination that the variance is the minimum necessary to afford relief,
considering the flood hazard.
5. Submission to the applicant of written notice specifying the difference
between the design flood elevation and the elevation to which the building is
to be built, stating that the cost of flood insurance will be commensurate with
the increased risk resulting from the reduced floor elevation, and stating that
construction below the design flood elevation increases risks to life a
property.
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16.04.110 Section 105.2 Work exempt from permit.
Section 105.2 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
105.2 Work exempt from permit. Exemptions from permit requirements of this code
shall not be deemed to grant authorization for any work to be done in any manner in
violation of the provisions of this code or any other laws or ordinances of
this jurisdiction. Permits shall not be required for the following:
Building:
1. One-story detached accessory structures used as tool and storage sheds,
playhouses and similar uses, provided that the floor area does not exceed
120 square feet (11.15 m2). It is permissible that these structures still be
regulated by Section 710A, despite exemption from permit.
2. Wood fences not over 7 feet (2134 mm) high or concrete or masonry
wall not over 4 feet (1219 mm) high when not subject to specific city of
Palo Alto Planning and Zoning regulations.
3. Retaining walls that are not over 4 feet (1219 mm) in height measured
from the bottom of the footing to the top of the wall, unless supporting
a surcharge or impounding Class I, II or IIIA liquids.
4. Oil derricks.
5. Water tanks supported directly on grade if the capacity is not greater
than 5,000 gallons (18 925 L) and the ratio of height to diameter or
width is not greater than 2:1.
6. Sidewalks and driveways not more than 30 inches (762 mm) above
adjacent grade and not over any basement or story below and are not
part of an accessible route, accessible parking spaces, or required exits.
7. Wood decks not over 30 inches above surrounding grade or finishes, not
attached to a structure, or serving any part of the means of egress.
8. Painting, papering, tiling, carpeting, cabinets, counter tops and similar
finish work.
9. Temporary motion picture, television and theater stage sets and
scenery.
10. Prefabricated swimming pools accessory to a Group R-3 occupancy that
are less than 18 inches deep, do not exceed 5,000 gallons and are
installed entirely above ground.
11. Shade cloth structures constructed for nursery or agricultural purposes,
not including service systems.
12. Swings and other playground equipment accessory to detached one-
and two- family dwellings and not considered a public playground.
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13. Window awnings supported by an exterior wall that do not project
more than 54 inches (1,372 mm) from the exterior wall and do not
require additional support of Group R-3 and U occupancies.
14. Nonfixed and movable fixtures, cases, racks, counters and partitions not
over 5 feet 9 inches (1753 mm) in height.
Electrical:
1. Repairs and maintenance: Minor repair work, including the
replacement of lamps or the connection of approved portable
electrical equipment to approved permanently installed receptacles.
2. Radio and television transmitting stations: The provisions of this code
shall not apply to electrical equipment used for radio and television
transmissions, but do apply to equipment and wiring for a power supply
and the installations of towers and antennas.
3. Temporary testing systems: A permit shall not be required for the
installation of any temporary system required for the testing or
servicing of electrical equipment or apparatus.
4. Temporary decorative lighting: Exterior listed plug-in decorative
lighting plugged into a waterproof GFCI receptacle outlet.
5. Replacement of overcurrent devices: Replacement of any overcurrent
device less than 1,200 amps of the same capacity in the same location.
6. Wiring for temporary theatre, motion picture or television stage sets.
7. Electrical wiring, devices, appliances, apparatus, or equipment
operating at less than 25 volts and not capable of supplying more 50
watts of energy.
Gas:
1. Portable heating appliance.
2. Replacement of any minor part that does not alter approval
of equipment or make such equipment unsafe.
Mechanical:
1. Portable heating appliance.
2. Portable ventilation equipment.
3. Portable cooling unit.
4. Steam, hot or chilled water piping within any heating or
cooling equipment regulated by this code.
5. Replacement of any part that does not alter its listing/approval or make
it unsafe.
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6. Portable evaporative cooler.
7. Self-contained refrigeration system containing 10 pounds (4.54 kg) or
less of refrigerant and actuated by motors of 1 horsepower (0.75 kW)
or less.
Plumbing:
1. The stopping of leaks in drains, water, soil, waste or vent pipe,
provided, however, that if any concealed trap, drain pipe, water, soil,
waste or vent pipe becomes defective and it becomes necessary to
remove and replace the same with new material, such work shall be
considered as new work and a permit shall be obtained and inspection
made as provided in this code.
2. The clearing of stoppages or the repairing of leaks in pipes, valves or
fixtures and the removal and reinstallation of water closets, provided
that such repairs do not involve or require the replacement or
rearrangement of valves, pipes or fixtures.
[. . .]
16.04.120 Section 105.3.2 Time limitation of application.
Section 105.3.2 of Chapter 1 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
105.3.2 Time limitation of application. An accepted application for a permit for any
proposed work shall be deemed to have been abandoned twelve (12) months after the date
of filing, unless such application has been pursued in good faith or a permit has been
issued; except that the building official is authorized to grant one or more extensions
and/or reactivations for additional periods not exceeding ninety (90) days each. The
extension shall be required in writing and justifiable cause demonstrated.
16.04.130 Section 105.5 Expiration.
Section 105.5 of Chapter 1 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
105.5 Expiration. Every permit issued shall become invalid unless the work on the site
authorized by such permit is commenced within twelve (12) months after its issuance,
or if the work authorized on the site by such permit is suspended or abandoned for a
period of twelve (12) months after the time the work is commenced. For the purpose of
this section, failure to progress a project to the next level of required inspection, as
determined by the chief building official, shall be deemed to be suspension of the work.
The chief building official or designee is authorized to grant, in writing, no more than
three extensions and reactivations of permits that would otherwise expire or
reactivations of expired permits, for periods not more than 180 days each and may
require:
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1. that construction documents be revised to partially or fully to comply with
current codes and ordinances; and
2. payment of fees; and
3. payment of a penalty pursuant to Chapter 16.62 of the Palo Alto Municipal
Code.
Extensions and reactivations shall be requested in writing and justifiable cause
demonstrated. Additional extensions or reactivations beyond three may only be granted
with the approval of the City Council.
105.5.1 Term limit for permits. All work associated with a building permit must be
completed, and final inspection issued, within forty-eight (48) months of permit
issuance. Once a term limit has been exhausted without obtaining an approved final
inspection the permit will automatically become void. The chief building official or
designee is authorized to allow a new permit application to be applied for the original
scope of work and may require:
1. that construction documents be revised to partially or fully to comply with
current codes and ordinances; and
2. payment of partial or all plan review and permit fees; and
3. payment of a penalty pursuant to Chapter 16.62 of the Palo Alto Municipal
Code.
16.04.140 Section 106.1 Live loads posted.
Section 106.1 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
106.1 Live Loads Posted. In commercial, institutional or industrial buildings, for each floor
or portion thereof designed for live loads exceeding 50 psf (2.40 kN/m2), such design live
loads shall be conspicuously posted by the owner or the owner's authorized agent in that
part of each story in which they apply, using durable signs. It shall be unlawful to remove or
deface such notices.
16.04.150 Section 109.6 Refunds.
Section 109.6 of Chapter 1 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
109.6 Refunds. The building official or designee may authorize the refund of any fee
paid hereunder which was erroneously paid or collected. The building official or
designee may authorize the refund of not more than eighty percent (80%) of the Permit
Fee paid when no work has occurred under a permit issued pursuant to this Chapter.
The building official or designee may authorize the refund of not more than eighty
percent (80%) of the Plan Review Fee paid when a permit application is withdrawn or
canceled before any plan review work has started.
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16.04.160 Section 109.7 Re-Inspection fees.
Section 109.7 of Chapter 1 of the California Building Code is added to read:
109.7 Re-Inspection Fees. A re-inspection fee may be assessed/authorized by the
building official or designee for each occurrence as itemized below:
1. inspection record card is not posted or otherwise available on the work site;
or
2. approved plans are not readily available for the inspector at the time of
inspection; or
3. inspector is unable to access the work at the time of inspection; or
4. when work has substantially deviated from the approved plans without the
prior approval of required revision; or
5. when work for which an inspection is requested is not ready for inspection;
or
6. when required corrections noted during prior inspections have not been
completed.
When a re-inspection fee is assessed, additional inspection of the work will not be
performed until the fee has been paid.
16.04.170 Section 110.2.1 Preliminary accessibility compliance inspection.
Section 110.2.1 of Chapter 1 of the California Building Code is added to read:
110.2.1 Preliminary accessibility compliance inspection. Before issuing a permit, the
building official or designee is authorized to examine or cause to be examined the pre-
construction accessibility compliance conditions of the buildings, structures, and sites
for which an application has been filed.
16.04.180 Section 110.3.3 Lowest floor elevation.
Section 110.3.3 of Chapter 1 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
110.3.3 Lowest floor elevation. In flood hazard areas, upon placement of the lowest
floor, including the basement, and prior to further vertical construction, the elevation
certification shall be submitted to City Public Works Engineering for inspection approval
prior to foundation inspection by City Building Inspection.
16.04.190 Section 111.1 Use and occupancy.
Section 111.1 of Chapter 1 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
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111.1 Use and occupancy. A building or structure shall not be used or occupied, and a
change in the existing occupancy of a building or structure or portion thereof shall not be
made, until the chief building official has issued a certificate of occupancy therefor as
provided herein. Issuance of a certificate of occupancy shall not be construed as an
approval of a violation of the provisions of this code or of other ordinances of the
jurisdiction.
Exception: Certificates of occupancy are not required or issued for:
1. Work exempted from permits under Section 105.2
2. Group R – Division 2, 3 occupancies
3. Group U occupancies accessory to R3 and R2 occupancies
111.1.1 Change of occupancy or tenancy. Each change of occupancy, official name or
tenancy of any building, structure, or portion thereof, shall require a new certificate of
occupancy, whether or not any alterations to the building are required by this code.
Before any application for a new certificate of occupancy is accepted, a fee shall be
paid by the applicant to cover the cost of the inspection of the building required by
the change of occupancy or tenancy.
When application is made for a new certificate of occupancy under this section, the
building official and fire chief shall cause an inspection of the building to be made.
The inspector(s) shall inform the applicant of those alterations necessary, or if none
are necessary, and shall submit a report of compliance to the building official.
If a portion of any building does not conform to the requirements of this code for a
proposed occupancy, that portion shall be made to conform. The building official may
issue a new certificate of occupancy without requiring compliance with all such
requirements if it is determined that the change in occupancy or tenancy will result in
no increased hazard to life or limb, health, property, or public welfare.
16.04.200 Section 111.3 Temporary occupancy.
Section 111.3 of Chapter 1 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
111.3 Temporary occupancy. The building official or designee is authorized to issue a
temporary certificate of occupancy before the completion of the entire work covered by
the permit, or as otherwise required, provided that such portion or portions shall be
occupied safely. The building official or designee shall set a time period during which the
temporary certificate of occupancy is valid.
16.04.210 Section 111.5 Posting.
Section 111.5 of Chapter 1 of the California Building Code is added to read:
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111.5 Posting. The temporary certificate of occupancy or certificate of occupancy shall
be posted in a conspicuous, readily accessible place in the building or portion of building
to be occupied and shall not be removed except when authorized by the building
official.
16.04.220 Section 113 Means of Appeals.
Section 113 of Chapter 1 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
SECTION 113
MEANS OF APPEALS
113.1 Appeals. A person requesting an order, decision, or determination by the building
official relative to the California Building Code (as amended) may appeal such order,
decision or determination by completing a request for hearing form and returning it to
the City within thirty calendar days from the date of the decision, together with all
applicable fees authorized by the City’s Municipal Fee Schedule. A request for hearing
shall be based on a claim that the true intent of the California Building Code (as
amended) or the rules legally adopted thereunder have been incorrectly interpreted,
the provisions of this code do not fully apply or an equivalent or better form of
construction is proposed.
(a) The person requesting the hearing shall be notified of the time and place set for the
hearing at least ten days prior to the date of the hearing.
(b) If the building official submits an additional written report concerning the decision to
hearing officer for consideration at the hearing, then a copy of this report shall also be
served on the person requesting the hearing at least five days prior to the date of the
hearing.
(c) The appeal procedure set out in this Section 113.1 et seq. does not apply to: (1)
decisions by the building official or any other City official related to administrative
enforcement actions taken under Chapter 1.12 or Chapter 1.16 of the Palo Alto
Municipal Code; (2) decisions by the City to enforce the California Building Code under
any provision of criminal law; or (3) any other action taken by the City that specifies its
own appeal procedure.
113.2 Hearing Officer. The building official shall designate a hearing officer for the
appeal hearing. The hearing officer may consist of one person or a body of people. The
hearing officer shall not be the building official or any directly subordinate employees.
(a) The hearing officer does not have authority to waive requirements of the California
Building Code (as amended) or interpret the administration of the Code.
(b) The hearing officer does not have authority to issue an order, decision, or
determination on his or her own authority. This includes the issuance or amendment of
building permits.
(b) The hearing officer shall be qualified by experience and training to pass on matters
pertaining to building construction.
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113.3 Hearing procedures.
(a) No appeal hearing before a hearing officer shall be noticed unless the applicable
fee(s) been paid in advance in accordance with Section 113.1.
(b) A hearing before the hearing officer shall be set for a date that is not less than
fifteen days and not more than sixty days from the date that the request for hearing is
filed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter. The party requesting the hearing
may request one continuance for any reason, provided that the hearing officer is given
the request for continuance at least forty-eight hours in advance of the scheduled
hearing and that the deferred hearing shall not be deferred more than ninety days after
the request for hearing was made. A request for continuance made less than forty-eight
hours before the scheduled hearing may be granted by the hearing officer based upon
exigency only. The parties may stipulate to an alternative hearing date schedule outside
of these rules upon a finding of good cause and approval from the hearing officer.
(c) At the hearing, the appellant shall be given the opportunity to testify and to present
evidence and cross-examine witnesses concerning the appeal. The appellant may
appear personally or through a representative. Prehearing discovery is not authorized,
but subpoena of witnesses and documents shall be permitted as authorized by law. The
hearing officer may conduct the hearing informally, both as to rules of procedure and
admission of evidence, in any manner which will provide a fair hearing.
(d) The failure of the appellant to appear at the hearing or, in the alternative, to
present written or demonstrative evidence shall constitute the dismissal of the appeal
with prejudice.
(e) The administrative record and any additional report submitted by the building
official shall constitute presumptive evidence of the respective facts contained in those
documents. The building official shall have the same rights as the appellant to testify,
present evidence, and cross-examine witnesses concerning the appeal.
(f) The hearing officer may continue the hearing and request additional information
from the building official or appellant prior to issuing a written decision.
113.4 Hearing Officer’s decision.
(a) After considering all the testimony and evidence submitted at the hearing, the
hearing officer shall issue a written decision to uphold or amend the building official’s
order, decision or determination, and the reasons for that decision. The decision of the
hearing officer shall be issued within thirty days following completion of the hearing.
The decision of the hearing officer shall be final upon service on the appellant, subject
only to judicial review as allowed by law.
(b) The hearing officer shall consider any written or oral evidence submitted at the
hearing consistent with ascertainment of the facts regarding the issues of the appeal.
(c) If the hearing officer determines that the building official’s order, decision, or
determination should not be upheld as originally given, then the hearing officer shall
direct the building official to make any amendments or changes necessary to implement
the hearing officer’s decision. The hearing officer shall also give the building official a
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reasonable deadline to complete such actions.
(d) The appellant shall be served with a copy of the hearing officer's written decision
within ten calendar days following its issuance.
16.04.225 Section 114 Violations.
Section 114 of Chapter 1 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
SECTION 114
VIOLATIONS
114.1 Unlawful acts. It is unlawful for any person to violate any provision or to fail to
comply with any of the requirements of this Chapter or any permits, conditions, or
variances granted under this Chapter. Violators shall be subject to any penalty or penalties
authorized by law, including but not limited to: administrative enforcement pursuant to
Chapters 1.12, 1.16 and 16.62 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code; and criminal enforcement
pursuant to Chapter 1.08 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code. Each separate day or any portion
thereof during which any violation of this Chapter occurs or continues shall be deemed to
constitute a separate offense.
When the chief building official determines that a violation of this Chapter has occurred,
the chief building official may, in his or her sole discretion, record a notice of pendency
of code violation with the Office of the County Recorder stating the address and owner
of the property involved. When the violation has been corrected, the chief building
official shall issue and record a release of the notice of pendency of code violation.
114.2 Criminal enforcement authority. The employee positions designated in this
section are authorized to exercise the authority provided in California Penal Code
section 836.5 for violations of this Chapter. The designated employee positions are: (1)
chief building official, (2) assistant chief building official, (3) building inspection
manager, (4) Building Inspector or Building Inspector Specialist as designated by the
chief building official and (5) code enforcement officer.
16.04.230 Section 115 Stop Work Order.
Section 115 of Chapter 1 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
SECTION 115
STOP WORK ORDER
115.1 Authority. Whenever the building official finds any work regulated by this code
being performed in a manner that is contrary to the provisions of this code, without a
permit, beyond the scope of the issued permit, in violation of the Palo Alto Municipal
Code or Zoning Ordinance, or dangerous or unsafe, the building official is authorized to
issue a stop work order.
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115.2 Issuance. The stop work order shall be in writing and shall be posted in a visible
location near the location where the work is being conducted. If the owner or owner’s
agent is not on site at the time of posting, a notice advising the reasons for the stop work
order issuance shall be hand delivered or mailed first-class to the owner of the property
involved, or to the owner’s agent, or to the person doing the work. Upon issuance of a
stop work order, the cited work shall immediately cease. The stop work order shall state
the reason for the order, the conditions under which the cited work will be permitted to
resume, and the name and contact information of the official or agency issuing the order.
115.3 Unlawful continuance. Any person who continues to engage in any work after
having been served with a stop work order, except such work as that person is directed
to perform to remove a violation or unsafe condition, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
115.4 Removal of posted stop work order. Any person who removes a posted stop work
order without written consent of the Building Official shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
115.5 Response required. Violators receiving a stop work order are required to respond
to Planning and Development Services within five (5) business days of the issued notice
to receive instructions on how to rescind the order.
115.6 Permit application required. A building permit application with construction or
demolition plans and supporting (structural calculations, energy calculations, accessible
access) documents must be submitted for approval within twenty (20) working days
following response to Planning and Development Services. Plans will be reviewed and
correction letters issued or permit application approved by Planning and Development
Services. A response to any correction letter must be submitted within fifteen (15)
working days of the date of the correction letter. Ten (10) working days will be required
to review this second submission and a permit approved for issuance. Permits ready for
issuance must be issued within five (5) working days thereafter. All construction must be
inspected as work progresses and signed off by all (affected) departments within the
permit term limits outlined in Section 105.5.1 or as determined by the building official.
115.7 Stop work order penalty. The Building Official may impose Stop Work Order
Penalties in accordance with Section 1.14.050 of this code and/or other applicable law.
16.04.240 Section 502.1 Address identification.
Section 502.1 of Chapter 5 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
502.1 Address identification. New and existing buildings shall be provided with approved
address identification. The address identification shall be legible and placed in a position
that is visible from the street or road fronting the property. Address identification
characters shall contrast with their background. Address numbers shall be Arabic
numbers or alphabetical letters. Numbers shall not be spelled out. Each character shall be
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a minimum of 4 inches (102 mm) high with a minimum stroke width of ½ inch (12.7 mm)
unless required to be larger by Section 502.1.2. When required by the fire code official,
address identification shall be provided in additional approved locations to facilitate
emergency response. Where access is by means of a private road and the building address
cannot be viewed from the public way, a monument, pole or other approved sign or
means shall be used to identify the structure. Address numbers shall be maintained.
502.1.1 Address illumination. Address identification required by Section 501.2 shall be
illuminated.
502.1.2 Address identification size. Address numbers and letters shall be sized as
follows:
1. When the structure is between thirty-six (36) and fifty (50) feet from the
road or other emergency means of access, a minimum of one-half inch (0.5”)
stroke by six inches (6”) high is required.
2. When the structure is fifty (50) or more feet from the road or other
emergency means of access, a minimum of one inch (1”) stroke by nine
inches (12”) high is required.
16.04.250 Section 702A Definitions – Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area.
Section 702A of Chapter 7A of the California Building Code is amended include the following
definition of “WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE FIRE AREA”:
WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE FIRE AREA is a geographical area identified by the State
of California as a “Fire Hazard Severity Zone” in accordance with Public Resources Code
Sections 4201 through 4202 and Government Code Sections 51175 through 51189, or
other areas designated by the enforcing agency to beat a significant risk from wildfires.
Within the city limits of the City of Palo Alto, “Wild Land-Urban Fire Interface Area” shall
also include all areas west of Interstate 280, and all other areas recommended as a
“Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone” by the Director of the California Department of
Forestry.
16.04.260 Section 903.2 Automatic Sprinkler Systems, Where Required.
Section 903.2 of Chapter 9 the California Building Code is amended to read:
903.2 Automatic sprinkler systems, where required. Approved automatic sprinkler
systems in new buildings and structures and in existing modified buildings and
structures, shall be provided in the locations described in this section. Automatic fire
sprinklers shall be installed per the requirements set forth in Sections 903.2.1 through
903.2.18 and as follows, whichever is the more restrictive:
1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all new buildings
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and structures
Exception: New non-residential occupancies, buildings or structures that do
not exceed 350 square feet of building area and contain no plumbing fixtures.
2. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all existing
buildings when modifications are made that create conditions described in
Sections 903.2.1 through 903.2.18, or that create an increase in fire area to
more than 3600 square feet or when the addition is equal or greater than
50% of the existing building square footage whichever is more restrictive.
3. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all new or
altered basements used for storage/utility/occupancy or habitable space
regardless of size and throughout existing basements that are expanded by
more than 50%. If the addition or alteration is only the basement, then only
the basement is required to be fire sprinkler protected.
4. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout when either the
roof structure and/or exterior wall structure have been removed, altered,
and/or replaced by at least 50% of the existing structure.
5. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout when any change
in use or occupancy creating a more hazardous fire/life-safety condition, as
determined by the Fire Chief.
Exception: Spaces or areas in telecommunications buildings used exclusively
for telecommunications equipment, associated electrical power
distribution equipment, batteries and standby engines, provided that
those spaces or areas are equipped throughout with an automatic smoke
detection system in accordance with Section 907.2 and are separated from
the remainder of the building by not less than 1-hour fire barriers
constructed in accordance with Section 707 or not less than 2-
hour horizontal assemblies constructed in accordance with Section 711, or
both.
16.04.270 Section 903.3.1.1 NFPA 13 sprinkler systems.
Section 903.3.1.1 of Chapter 9 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
903.3.1.1 NFPA 13 sprinkler systems. Where the provisions of this code require that a
building or portion thereof be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system
in accordance with this section, sprinklers shall be installed throughout in accordance
with NFPA 13 and State and local requirements except as provided in Section 903.3.1.1.
1. For new buildings having no designated use or tenant, the minimum sprinkler
design density shall be Ordinary Hazard Group II/1500 square feet.
2. Where future use or tenant is determined to require a higher density, the
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sprinkler system shall be augmented to meet the higher density.
3. Light hazard occupancy shall be hydraulically designed to a 1500 square feet
most remote area or as required by the fire code official
4. Laboratory areas within buildings shall be hydraulically designed to Ordinary
Hazard II density.
5. Parking areas where mechanical vehicle storage equipment is used shall be
hydraulically designed to Extra Hazard II density.
6. In multi-residential apartments, townhomes, and condominiums.
16.04.280 Section 903.3.1.2 NFPA 13R sprinkler systems.
Section 903.3.1.2 of Chapter 9 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
903.3.1.2 NFPA 13R sprinkler systems. Where allowed in buildings of Group R
Occupancies, automatic sprinkler systems shall be installed throughout in accordance
with NFPA 13 and State and local standards.
16.04.290 Section 903.3.1.3 NFPA 13D sprinkler systems.
Section 903.3.1.3 of Chapter 9 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
903.3.1.3 NFPA 13D sprinkler systems. Where allowed, automatic sprinkler systems
installed in one-and two-family detached dwellings shall be installed throughout in
accordance with NFPA 13D and State and local standards. Fire sprinkler protection is
required under rear covered patios extending 4 feet perpendicular from the exterior of
the structure.
16.04.300 Section 903.3.1.3.1 Increase in fire sprinkler design criteria.
Section 903.3.1.3.1 of Chapter 9 of the California Building Code is added to read:
903.3.1.3.2 Increase in fire sprinkler design criteria. Structures determined by the fire
code official to have higher firefighting hazardous conditions or located in the Wildland-
Urban Interface Fire Area shall have an increase in fire sprinkler design criteria as
determined by the fire code official.
16.04.310 Section 903.4.3 Floor control valves.
Section 903.4.3 of Chapter 9 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
903.4.3 Floor control valves. Automatic sprinkler systems serving buildings two (2) or
more stories in height shall have valves installed so as to control the system
independently on each floor including basements.
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16.04.320 Section 905.3.1 Height.
Section 905.3.1 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
905.3.1 Height. A Class I standpipe system shall be installed in buildings where the roof
edge/parapet is greater than 27 feet above the lowest level of fire apparatus access
roadway and in below grade levels.
16.04.330 Section 907.2.11.10 Replacement.
Section 907.2.11.10 of Chapter 9 of the California Building Code is added to read:
907.2.11.10 Replacement. Single and multi-station smoke alarms and carbon monoxide
detectors shall be replaced 10 years after date of installation.
16.04.340 Section 909.20.7 added - Smoke control systems - schedule.
Section 909.20.7 is added to the California Building Code to read as follows:
909.20.7 Smoke control systems - schedule. A routine maintenance and operational
testing program shall be initiated immediately after the smoke control system has
passed the acceptance tests. A written schedule for routine maintenance and
operational testing shall be established and both shall occur at least annually.
16.04.350 Section 1008.3.3 Rooms and spaces.
Section 1008.3.3 of Chapter 10 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
1008.3.3 Rooms and spaces. In the event of power supply failure, an emergency
electrical system shall automatically illuminate all of the following areas:
1. Electrical equipment rooms.
2. Fire command centers.
3. Fire pump rooms.
4. Generator rooms.
5. Public restrooms.
16.04.360 Section 1031.2 Where required.
Section 1031.2 of Chapter 10 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
1031.2 Where required. In addition to the means of egress required by this chapter,
emergency escape and rescue openings shall be provided in Group R occupancies.
Basements and sleeping rooms below the fourth story above grade plane shall have not
fewer than one emergency escape and rescue opening in accordance with this section.
Where basements contain one or more sleeping rooms, an emergency escape and
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rescue opening shall be required in each sleeping room but shall not be required in
adjoining areas of the basement. Such openings shall open directly into a public way or
to a yard or court that opens to a public way.
Exceptions:
1. In Group R-1 and R-2 occupancies constructed of Type I, Type IIA, Type IIIA
or Type IV construction equipped throughout with an approved automatic
sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1.
2. Group R-2.1 occupancies meeting the requirements for delayed egress in
accordance with Section 1010.2.13 may have operable windows that are
breakable in sleeping rooms permanently restricted to a maximum of 4-
inch open position.
3. Emergency escape and rescue openings are not required from basements
or sleeping rooms that have an exit door or exit access door that opens
directly into a public way or to a yard, court or exterior egress balcony that
opens to a public way.
4. Storm shelters and basements used only to house mechanical equipment
not exceeding a total floor area of 200 square feet (18.58 m2)
16.04.370 Reserved.
16.04.380 Section 1205.3.4 Roof guards at courts
Section 1205.3.4 of Chapter 12 of the California Building Code is added to read:
1205.3.4 Roof guards at courts. Roof openings into courts where not bounded on all
sides by walls shall be protected with guardrails. The top of the guards shall not be less
than 42 inches in height. Required guards shall not have openings that allow passage of
a sphere twelve inches (12) in diameter from the walking surface to the required guard
height.
Exception: Where the roof opening is greater than 600 square feet in area.
16.04.390 Section 1208.5 Dwelling unit and congregate residence superficial floor area.
Section 1208.5 of Chapter 12 of the California Building Code is added to read:
1208.5 Dwelling unit and congregate residence superficial floor area. Every dwelling
unit and congregate residence shall have at least one room which shall have not less
than 120 square feet of superficial floor area. Every room which is used for both cooking
and living or both living and sleeping purposes shall have not less than 144 square feet
of superficial floor area. Every room used for sleeping purposes shall have not less than
70 square feet of superficial floor area. When more than two persons occupy a room
used for sleeping purposes the required superficial floor area shall be increased at the
rate of 50 square feet for each occupant in excess of two. Guest rooms with cooking
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shall contain the combined required superficial areas of a sleeping and a kitchen, but
not less than 144 square feet. Other habitable rooms shall be not less than 70 square
feet.
Notwithstanding any provision of this Section, children under the age of six shall not be
counted for purposes of determining whether a family with minor children complies with the
provisions of this Code.
For the purposes of this section, "superficial floor area" means the net floor area within
the enclosing walls of the room in which the ceiling height is not less than seven feet six
inches, excluding built-in equipment such as wardrobes, cabinets, kitchen units, or
fixtures which are not readily removable.
16.04.400 Section 1503.2.1 Locations.
Section 1503.2.1 of Chapter 15 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
1503.2.1 Locations. Flashing shall be installed at wall and roof intersections, gutters,
wherever there is a change in roof slope or direction, and around roof openings. Where
flashing is of metal, the metal shall be corrosion resistant with a thickness of not less than
0.019 inches (0.483 mm) (e.g. no. 26 galvanized sheet) and shall be primed and painted.
16.04.410 Section 1612.1.1 Palo Alto Flood Hazard Regulations.
Section 1612.1.1 of Chapter 16 of the California Building Code is added to read:
1612.1.1 Palo Alto Flood Hazard Regulations. Notwithstanding the provisions of Section
1612.1, all construction or development within a flood hazard area (areas depicted as a
Special Flood Hazard Area on Flood Insurance Rate Maps published by the Federal
Emergency Management Agency) shall comply with the City of Palo Alto Flood Hazard
Regulations (Palo Alto Municipal Code Chapter 16.52). Where discrepancies exist
between the requirements of this code and said regulations, the more stringent
requirements shall apply.
16.04.420 Section 1613.5 Suspended ceilings.
Section 1613.5 of Chapter 16 of the California Building Code is added to read:
1613.5 Suspended ceilings. Minimum design and installation standards for suspended
ceilings shall be determined in accordance with the requirements of Section 2506.2.1 of
this Code and this section.
1613.5.1 Scope. This part contains special requirements for suspended ceilings and
lighting systems. Provisions of Section 13.5.6 of ASCE 7 shall apply except as modified
herein.
1613.5.2 General. The suspended ceilings and lighting systems shall be limited to 6 feet
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(1828 mm) below the structural deck unless the lateral bracing is designed by a licensed
engineer or architect.
1613.5.3 Sprinkler heads. All sprinkler heads (drops) except fire-resistance-rated
floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assemblies, shall be designed to allow for free movement of
the sprinkler pipes with oversize rings, sleeves, or adaptors through the ceiling tile.
Sprinkler heads and other penetrations shall have a 2-inch (50mm) oversize ring, sleeve,
or adapter through the ceiling tile to allow for free movement of at least 1 inch (25mm)
in all horizontal directions. Alternatively, a swing joint that can accommodate 1 inch (25
mm) of ceiling movement in all horizontal directions is permitted to be provided at the
top of the sprinkler head extension.
Sprinkler heads penetrating fire-resistance-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assemblies
shall comply with Section 714 of this Code.
1613.5.4 Special requirements for means of egress. Suspended ceiling assemblies
located along means of egress serving an occupant load of 30 or more and at lobbies
accessory to Group A Occupancies shall comply with the following provisions.
1613.5.4.1 General. Ceiling suspension systems shall be connected and braced with
vertical hangers attached directly to the structural deck along the means of egress
serving an occupant load of 30 or more and at lobbies accessory to Group A
Occupancies. Spacing of vertical hangers shall not exceed 2 feet (610 mm) on center
along the entire length of the suspended ceiling assembly located along the means of
egress or at the lobby.
1613.5.4.2 Assembly device. All lay-in panels shall be secured to the suspension ceiling
assembly with two hold-down clips minimum for each tile within a 4-foot (1219 mm)
radius of the exit lights and exit signs.
1613.5.4.3 Emergency systems. Independent supports and braces shall be provided for
light fixtures required for exit illumination. Power supply for exit illumination shall
comply with the requirements of Section 1008.3 of this Code.
1613.5.4.4 Supports for appendage. Separate support from the structural deck shall be
provided for all appendages such as light fixtures, air diffusers, exit signs, and similar
elements.
16.04.430 Section 1613.5 ASCE 7, Section 13.1.4 Seismic design requirements for
nonstructural components.
Section 1613.5 of Chapter 16 of the California Building Code is added to include the following:
1613.5 ASCE 7, Section 13.1.4 Seismic design requirements for nonstructural components.
Nonstructural elements must be seismically designed per ASCE 7, Section 13.1.4.
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Exemptions. The following nonstructural components are exempted:
1. Furniture (except storage cabinets as noted in Table 13.5-1).
2. Temporary or movable equipment
3. Architectural components in Seismic Design Category B other than parapets
supported by bearing walls or shear walls provided that the component
importance factor, Ip, is equal to 1.0.
4. Mechanical and electrical components in Seismic Design Category B.
5. Mechanical and electrical components in Seismic Design Category C provided
that the component importance factor, Ip, is equal to 1.0.
6. Mechanical and electrical components in Seismic Design Categories D, E, or F
where all of the following apply:
a. The component importance factor, Ip, is equal to 1.0;
b. The component is positively attached to the structures;
c. Flexible connections are provided at seismic separation joints and between the
component and associated ductwork, piping, and conduit; and either:
i. The component weighs 400 lb. (1,780 N) or less and has a center of mass
located 4 ft (1.22 m) or less above the adjacent floor level; or
ii. The component weights 20 lb. (89 N) or less or, in the case of a distributed
system, 5 lb./ft. (73 N/m) or less; or
iii. The component weights 200 lb. (890N) or less and is suspended from roof/floor
or mounted on wall.
16.04.440 Section 1705.3 Concrete construction.
Section 1705.3 of Chapter 17 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
1705.3 Concrete construction. The special inspections and tests of concrete construction
shall be as required by this section and Table 1705.3.
Exceptions: Special inspections and tests shall not be required for:
1. Isolated spread concrete footings of buildings three stories or less above grade
plane that are fully supported on earth or rock, where the structural design of
the footing is based on a specified compressive strength, f’c, no greater than
2,500 pound per square inch (psi) (17.2 Mpa).
2. Continuous concrete footings supporting walls of buildings three stories or less
above grade plane that are fully supported on earth or rock where:
2.1. The footings support walls of light-frame construction;
2.2. The footings are designed in accordance with Table 1809.7; or
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2.3. The structural design of the footing is based on a specified compressive
strength, f ′c, no greater than 2,500 pounds per square inch (psi) (17.2
MPa), regardless of the compressive strength specified in the construction
documents or used in the footing construction.
3. Nonstructural concrete slabs supported directly on the ground, including pre-
stressed slabs on grade, where the effective pre-stress in the concrete is less
than 150 psi (1.03 MPa).
4. Concrete foundation walls constructed in accordance with Table 1807.1.6.2.
5. Concrete patios, driveways and sidewalks, on grade.
16.04.450 Section 1803.2 Investigations required.
Section 1803.2 of Chapter 18 of the California Building Code is amended as to read:
1803.2 Investigations required. Geotechnical investigations shall be conducted in
accordance with Sections 1803.3 through 1803.5
Exceptions:
1. The building official or designee shall be permitted to waive the requirement
for a geotechnical investigation where satisfactory data from adjacent
areas is available that demonstrates an investigation is not necessary for any
of the conditions in Sections 1803.5.1 through 1803.5.6 and Sections
1803.5.10 and 1803.5.11.
2. Light-frame construction building utilizing the prescriptive continuous
footings per Table 1809.7 amended in section 16.04.300. For addition, the
engineer of record shall certify in writing that the existing foundation system
matches the proposed foundation system.
3. Accessories and minor additions may be exempted by the Building
Official or designee.
16.04.460 Section 1803.5.11 Seismic design categories C through F.
Section 1803.5.11 of Chapter 18 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
Section 1803.5.11 Seismic design categories C through F. For structures assigned
to Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F, a geotechnical investigation shall be conducted,
and shall include an evaluation of all of the following potential geologic and seismic
hazards:
1. Slope instability.
2. Liquefaction.
3. Total and differential settlement.
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4. Surface displacement due to faulting or seismically induced lateral spreading
or lateral flow.
Exception: Refer to section 1803.2 exception.
16.04.470 Section 1809.7 Prescriptive footings for light-frame construction.
Section 1809.7 of Chapter 18 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
1809.7 Prescriptive footings for light-frame construction. Where a specific design is
not provided, concrete or masonry-unit footings supporting walls of light-frame
construction shall be permitted to be designed in accordance with Table 1809.7.
TABLE 1809.7
Prescriptive Footings Supporting Walls of Light-Frame Constructionabcd
Number of Floors
Supported by the
Footing e
Thickness of
Foundation Wall
(inches)
Width of Footing
(inches)
Thickness of
Footing
(inches)
Depth of Foundation
Below Natural
Surface of Ground
or Finish
Grade (inches)
1 & 2 8 15 8 20
3 8 18 8 30
Group U Occupancies 8 12 8 12
ADU Conversionsf 8 12 8 12
a. Ground under the floor shall be permitted to be excavated to elevation of footing.
b. Interior stud-bearing walls shall be permitted to be supported by isolated footings.
Footing width and length shall be twice the width shown in this table, and footings shall
be spaced not more than 6 feet on center.
c. See Section 1905 for additional requirements for concrete footings of structures
assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F.
d. All foundations as required in the above Table shall be continuous and have a minimum
of three #4 bars of reinforcing steel, except for one story, detached accessory buildings
of Group U occupancy where two bars are required.
e. Footings shall be permitted to support a roof in addition to the stipulated number of
floors. Footings supporting roof only shall be as required for supporting one floor.
f. If existing detached accessory building is being converted to an Accessory Dwelling Unit
(ADU) and the existing foundation is being utilized, then a designer, architect or
engineer shall provide a letter that the existing foundation complies with the conditions
above and is deemed structurally sound.
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16.04.480 Section 1809.8 Plain concrete footings.
Section 1809.8 of Chapter 18 of the California Building Code is deleted.
16.04.490 Section 1901.2 Plain and reinforced concrete.
Section 1901.2 of Chapter 19 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
1901.2 Plain and reinforced concrete. Structural concrete shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with the requirements of this chapter and ACI 318 as
amended in section 1905 of this code and PAMC 16.14.240. Except for the provisions of
Sections 1904 and 1907, the design and construction of slabs on grade shall not be
governed by this chapter unless they transmit vertical loads or lateral forces from other
parts of the structure to the soil.
16.04.500 Section 1905.1.7 ACI 318, Section 14.1.4.
Section 1905.1.7 of Chapter 19 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
1905.1.7 ACI 318, Section 14.1.4. Delete ACI 318, Section 14.1.4, and replace with the
following:
14.1.4 - Plain concrete in structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F.
14.1.4.1- Structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F shall not have
elements of structural plain concrete, except as follows:
(a) Left intentionally blank.
(b) Isolated footings of plain concrete supporting pedestals or columns are
permitted, provided the projection of the footing beyond the face of the
supported member does not exceed the footing thickness.
(c) Plain concrete footings supporting walls are permitted, provided the footings
have at least three continuous longitudinal reinforcing bars not smaller than
No. 4, with a total area of not less than 0.002 times the gross cross-sectional
area of the footing except for one story, detached accessory buildings of
Group U occupancy where two bars are required. A minimum of one bar shall
be provided at the top and bottom of the footing. Continuity of
reinforcement shall be provided at corners and intersections.
16.04.510 SECTION 1906 FOOTINGS FOR LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION
Section 1906 of Chapter 19 of the California Building Code is deleted.
16.04.520 Section 1906.1 Plain concrete footings.
Section 1906.1 of Chapter 19 of the California Building Code is deleted.
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16.04.530 Section 1907.1 General.
Section 1907.1 of Chapter 19 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
1907.1 General. The thickness of concrete floor slabs supported directly on the ground
shall be not less than 3 ½ inches (89mm). A 6-mil (0.006 inches; 0.15mm) polyethylene
vapor retarder with joints lapped not less than 6 inches (152 mm) shall be placed
between the base course or subgrade and the concrete floor slab, or other approved
equivalent methods or materials shall be used to retard vapor transmission through the
floor slab. Slabs shall have 6x6-10/10 wire mesh or equate a mid-height.
Exceptions: A vapor retarder is not required:
1. For detached [. . .]
16.04.540 Section 2305.4 Hold-down connections.
Section 2305.4 of Chapter 23 of the California Building Code is added to read:
2305.4 Hold-down connectors. In Seismic Design Category D, E or F, hold-down
connectors shall be designed to resist shear wall overturning moments using approved
cyclic load values or 75 percent of the allowable seismic load values that do not consider
cyclic loading of the product. Connector bolts into wood framing shall require steel plate
washers on the post on the opposite side of the anchorage device. Plate size shall be a
minimum of 0.229 inch by 3 inches by 3 inches (5.82 mm by 76 mm by 76 mm) in size.
Hold-down connectors shall be tightened to finger tight plus one half (1/2) wrench turn
just prior to covering the wall framing.
16.04.550 Section 2307.2 Wood-framed shear walls.
Section 2307.2 of Chapter 23 of the California Building Code is added to read:
Section 2307.2 Wood-frame shear walls. Wood-frame shear walls shall be designed
and constructed in accordance with Section 2306.3 as applicable.
16.04.560 Section 2308.6.4 Braced wall panel construction.
Section 2308.6.4 of Chapter 23 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
2308.6.4 Braced wall panel construction. For Methods DWB, WSP, SFB, PBS, PCP and
HPS, each panel must be not less than 48 inches (1219 mm) in length, covering three
stud spaces where studs are spaced 16 inches (406 mm) on center and covering two
stud spaces where studs are spaces 24 inches (610 mm) on center. Braced wall panels
less than 48 inches (1219 mm) in length shall not contribute toward the amount of
required bracing. Braced wall panels that are longer than the required length shall be
credited for their actual length.
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Vertical joints of panel sheathing shall occur over studs and adjacent panel joints shall
be nailed to common framing members. Horizontal joints shall occur over blocking or
other framing equal in size to the studding except were waived by the installation
requirements for the specific sheathing materials. Sole plates shall be nailed to the floor
framing in accordance with Section 2308.7 and top plates shall be connected to the
framing above in accordance with Section 2308.6.7.2. Where joists are perpendicular to
braced wall lines above, blocking shall be provided under and in line with the braced
wall panels.
16.04.570 Section 2308.6.5 Alternative bracing.
Section 2308.6.5 of Chapter 23 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
2308.6.5 Alternative bracing. An alternate braced wall (ABW) or a portal frame with
hold-downs (PFH) described in this section is permitted to substitute for a 48-inch (1219 mm)
braced wall panel of Method DWB, WSP, SFB, PCP or HPS.
16.04.580 TABLE 2308.6.1 WALL BRACING REQUIREMENTS.
Footnote “b” of TABLE 2308.6.1 of Chapter 23 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
b. See section 2306.3 for full description of bracing methods. Method GB is prohibited
in Seismic Design Categories D & E.
16.04.590 TABLE 2308.6.3(1) BRACING METHODS.
TABLE 2308.6.3(1) Bracing Methods of Chapter 23 of the California Building Code is amended by
adding footnote “b” and footnote “b” superscript to METHODS, MATERIAL column title as follows:
TABLE 2308.6.3(1) BRACING METHODS
METHODS,
MATERIAL b
MINIMUM
THICKNESS FIGURE CONNECTION CRITERIA a
Fasteners Spacing
b. Method GB is prohibited in Seismic Design Categories D & E.
16.04.600 Section 2308.6.9 Attachment of sheathing.
Section 2308.6.9 of Chapter 23 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
2308.6.9 Attachment of sheathing. Fastening of braced wall panel sheathing shall not be
less than that prescribed in Table 2308.6.1 or 2304.10.2. Wall sheathing shall not be
attached to framing members by adhesives. Staple fasteners in Table 2304.10.1 shall not
be used to resist or transfer seismic forces in structures assigned to Seismic Design
Category D, E, or F unless the allowable shear values are substantiated by cyclic testing
and approved by the Building Official or designee.
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All braced wall panels shall extend to the roof sheathing and shall be attached to parallel roof
rafters or blocking above with framing clips (18 gauge minimum) spaced at maximum 24 inches
on center with four 8d nails per leg (total eight-8d nails per clip). Braced wall panels shall be
laterally braced at each top corner and at maximum 24-inch intervals along the top plate of
discontinuous vertical framing.
16.04.610 SECTION 2505 SHEAR WALL CONSTRUCTION.
Section 2505 Chapter 25 of the California Building Code is deleted in its entirety including its
subsections.
16.04.620 Section 2508.6 Horizontal gypsum board or gypsum panel product diaphragm
ceilings.
Section 2508.6 of the California Building Code is deleted in its entirety including its subsections.
16.04.630 Chapter 31B Public Pools.
Chapter 31B of the California Building Code has been adopted in its entirety.
16.04.640 Section 3304.1 Excavation and fill.
Section 3304.1 of Chapter 33 of the California Building Code is amended to read:
3304.1 Excavation and fill. Excavation and fill for buildings and structures shall be
constructed or protected so as not to endanger life or property. Stumps and roots shall be
removed from the soil to a depth of not less than 12 inches (305mm) below the surface of
the ground in the area to be occupied by the building. Wood forms that have been used in
placing concrete, if within the ground or between foundation sills and the ground, shall be
removed before a building is occupied or used for any purpose. Wooden stakes shall not
be embedded in concrete. Before completion, loose or casual wood shall be removed from
direct contact with the ground under the building.
SECTION 2. Chapter 16.19, California Historical Building Code and Existing Building Code, of Title
16 (Building Regulations) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is added to read as follows:
16.19 California Historical Building Code and Existing Building Code
16.19.010 2022 California Historical Building Code, Title 24, Part 8 Adopted.
The California Historical Building Code, 2022 Edition, Title 24, Part 8 (authorized by Health and
Safety Code Sections 18950 through 18961), which provides alternative building regulations for
the rehabilitation, preservation, restoration, or relocation of designated historic buildings, is
adopted and hereby incorporated in this Chapter by reference and made a part hereof the same as
if fully set forth herein.
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One copy of the California Historical Building Code, 2022 Edition, has been filed for use and
examination of the public in the Office of the Chief Building Official of the City of Palo Alto.
16.19.020 2022 California Existing Building Code, Title 24, Part 10 Adopted and Amended.
The California Existing Building Code, 2022 Edition, Title 24, Part 10 of the California Code of
Regulations, which provides alternative building regulations for the rehabilitation, preservation
restoration or relocation of existing buildings, together with those omissions, amendments,
exceptions, and additions thereto, is adopted and hereby incorporated in this Chapter by
reference and made a part hereof the same as if fully set forth herein.
16.19.030 Cross - References to California Existing Building Code.
The provisions of this Chapter contain cross-references to the provisions of the California
Existing Building Code, 2022 Edition, in order to facilitate reference and comparison to those
provisions.
16.19.040 Local Amendments.
The provisions of this Chapter shall constitute local amendments to the cross-referenced provisions
of the California Existing Building Code, 2022 Edition, and shall be deemed to replace the cross-
referenced sections of said Code with the respective provisions set forth in this Chapter.
16.19.050 101.6 Appendices.
Section 101.6 of Chapter 1 of the California Existing Building Code is amended to read:
2022 California Existing Building Code and International Existing Building Code Appendix
Chapters Adopted.
The following Appendix Chapters of the California Existing Building Code (CEBC), 2022
Edition, and International Existing Building Code (IEBC), 2021 Edition, are adopted and
hereby incorporated in this Chapter be reference and made a part hereof the same as if fully
set forth herein:
A. CEBC Appendix A1 – Seismic Strengthening Provisions for Unreinforced
Masonry Bearing Wall Buildings
B. CEBC Appendix Chapter A2 – Earthquake Hazard Reduction in Existing
Reinforced Concrete and Reinforced Masonry Wall Buildings with Flexible
Diaphragms
C. CEBC Appendix A3 – Prescriptive Provisions for Seismic Strengthening of Cripple
Walls and Sill Plate Anchorage of Light, Wood-Frame Residential Buildings
D. CEBC Appendix A4 – Earthquake Risk Reduction in Wood-Frame Residential
Buildings with Soft, Weak or Open Front Walls
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E. CEBC Appendix A5 – Referenced Standards
16.19.060 Administration & Enforcement of 2022 California Existing Building Code
Administration and enforcement of this code shall be governed by Chapter 1, Division II of the
2022 California Building Code as amended by Palo Alto Municipal Code Chapter 16.04.
16.19.070 Adoption of 2022 California Existing Building Code Chapter 1, Division II – Scope
and Administration
Chapter 1, Division II, Parts 1 and 2 of the 2022 California Existing Building Code is adopted by
the City of Palo Alto to supplement, to the extent it does not conflict with, Chapter 1, Division II
of the 2022 California Building Code, as amended.
16.19.080 Section 101.1 Title.
Section 101.1 of Chapter 1 of the California Existing Building Code is amended to read:
101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the Existing Building Code of City of
Palo Alto, hereinafter referred to as “this code.”
16.19.090 Section 324 Dwelling unit and congregate residence superficial floor area.
Section 324 of Chapter 3 of the California Existing Building Code is added to read:
324 Dwelling unit and congregate residence superficial floor area. Every dwelling unit and
congregate residence shall have at least one room which shall have not less than 120 square
feet of superficial floor area. Every room which is used for both cooking and living or both
living and sleeping purposes shall have not less than 144 square feet of superficial floor area.
Every room used for sleeping purposes shall have not less than 70 square feet of superficial
floor area. When more than two persons occupy a room used for sleeping purposes the
required superficial floor area shall be increased at the rate of 50 square feet for each
occupant in excess of two. Guest rooms with cooking shall contain the combined required
superficial areas of a sleeping and a kitchen, but not less than 144 square feet. Other
habitable rooms shall be not less than 70 square feet.
Notwithstanding any provision of this Section, children under the age of six shall not be
counted for purposes of determining whether a family with minor children complies with the
provisions of this Code.
16.19.100 Section 503.19 Suspended ceiling systems.
Section 503.19 of Chapter 5 the California Existing Building Code is added to read:
503.19 Suspended ceiling systems. In existing buildings or structures, when a permit is
issued for alterations or repairs, the existing suspended ceiling system within the area of
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the alterations or repairs shall comply with ASCE 7-16 Section 13.5.6.
16.19.110 Section 503.20 Mechanical and electrical equipment in seismic design
categories D, E or F.
Section 503.20 of Chapter 5 of the California Existing Building Code is added to read:
503.20 Mechanical and electrical equipment in seismic design categories D, E or F. In
existing buildings or structures, when a permit is issued for alteration or repairs, the
existing mechanical and electrical equipment on the area of the roof shall comply with
ASCE 7-16 Section 13.4 Nonstructural Component Anchorage.
16.19.120 Section 405.2.3.1 Seismic evaluation and design procedures for repairs.
Section 405.2.3.1 of Chapter 5 of the California Existing Building Code is amended to read:
405.2.3.1 Evaluation and design procedures. The building shall be evaluated by a
registered design professional, and the evaluation findings shall be submitted to the
code official. The evaluation shall establish whether the damaged building, if repaired to
its pre-damage state, would comply with the provisions of the California Building Code
for load combinations that include wind or earthquake effects, except that the seismic
forces shall be reduced seismic forces. Evaluation for earthquake loads shall be required
if the substantial structural damage was caused by or related to earthquake effects or if
the building is in Seismic Design Category C, D, E or F. The seismic evaluation and design
shall be based on the procedures specified in the building code, ASCE 41 Seismic
Evaluation and Upgrade of Existing Buildings. The procedures contained in Appendix A
of the International Existing Building Code (IEBC) shall be permitted to be used as
specified in Section 405.2.3.1.
Wind loads for this evaluation shall be those prescribed in Section 1609.
405.2.3.1.1 CEBC level seismic forces. When seismic forces are required to meet the
building code level, they shall be one of the following:
1. One hundred percent of the values in the building code. The R factor used for
analysis in accordance with Chapter 16 of the building code shall be the R
factor specified for structural systems classified as "Ordinary" unless it can be
demonstrated that the structural system satisfies the proportioning and
detailing requirements for systems classified as "intermediate" or "special".
2. Forces corresponding to BSE-1 and BSE-2 Earthquake Hazard Levels defined in
ASCE 41. Where ASCE 41 is used, the corresponding performance levels shall
be those shown in Table 405.2.3.1.
3. Forces corresponding to BSE-1 and BSE-2 Earthquake Hazard Levels defined in
ASCE 41. Where ASCE 41 is used, the corresponding performance levels shall
be those shown in Table 405.2.3.1.
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TABLE 405.2.3.1
ASCE 41 PERFORMANCE LEVELS
RISK CATEGORY (BASED
ON CBC TABLE 1604.5)
PERFORMANCE LEVEL FOR USE WITH
ASCE 41 BSE-1 EARTHQUAKE HAZARD
LEVEL
PERFORMANCE LEVEL FOR USE
WITH ASCE 41 BSE-2
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD LEVEL *
I Life Safety (LS) Collapse Prevention (CP)
II Life Safety (LS) Collapse Prevention (CP)
III Damage Control Limited Safety
IV Immediate Occupancy (IO) Life Safety (LS)
* Only applicable when Tier 3 procedure is used.
405.2.3.1.2 Reduced CEBC level seismic forces. When seismic forces are permitted to
meet reduced building code levels, they shall be one of the following:
1. Seventy-five percent of the forces prescribed in the building code. The R
factor used for analysis in accordance with Chapter 16 of the building code
shall be the R factor as specified in Section 405.2.3.1.1.
2. In accordance with the California Existing Building Code and applicable
chapters in Appendix A of the International Existing Building Code, as
specified in Items (a.) through (e.) below. Structures or portions of structures
that comply with the requirements of the applicable chapter in Appendix A
shall be deemed to comply with the requirements for reduced building code
force levels.
a. The seismic evaluation and design of unreinforced masonry bearing wall
buildings in Risk Category I or II are permitted to be based on the
procedures specified in CEBC Appendix Chapter A1.
b. Seismic evaluation and design of the wall anchorage system in reinforced
concrete and reinforced masonry wall buildings with flexible diaphragms
in Risk Category I or II are permitted to be based on the procedures
specified in IEBC Appendix Chapter A2.
c. Seismic evaluation and design of cripple walls and sill plate anchorage in
residential buildings of light-frame wood construction in Risk Category I
or II are permitted to be based on the procedures specified in CEBC
Appendix Chapter A3
d. Seismic evaluation and design of soft, weak, or open-front wall conditions
in multi-unit residential buildings of wood construction in Risk Category I
or II are permitted to be based on the procedures specified in CEBC
Appendix Chapter A4.
e. Seismic evaluation and design of concrete buildings and concrete with
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masonry infill buildings in all risk categories are permitted to be based on
the procedures specified in IEBC Appendix Chapter A5.
Those associated with the BSE-1 Earthquake Hazard Level defined in ASCE 41 and the
performance level as shown in Table 405.2.3.1. Where ASCE 41 is used, the design spectral
response acceleration parameters SXS and SX1 shall not be taken less than seventy-five percent
of the respective design spectral response acceleration parameters SDS and SD1 defined by the
California Building Code and its reference standards.
SECTION 3. The Council adopts the findings for local amendments to the California Building
Code, 2022 Edition, attached hereto as Exhibit “A” and incorporated herein by reference.
SECTION 4. The Council adopts the findings for local amendments to the California Existing
Building Code, 2022 Edition, attached hereto as Exhibit “B” and incorporated herein by
reference.
SECTION 5. The Council finds that this ordinance is exempt from the provisions of the California
Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”), pursuant to Section 15061 of the CEQA Guidelines, because
it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the amendments herein adopted will
have a significant effect on the environment.
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
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SECTION 6. This Ordinance shall be effective on the thirty-first day after the date of its
adoption.
INTRODUCED:
PASSED:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTENTIONS:
ATTEST:
____________________________ ____________________________
City Clerk Mayor
APPROVED AS TO FORM: APPROVED:
____________________________ ____________________________
Assistant City Attorney City Manager
____________________________
Director of Planning and
Development Services
____________________________
Director of Administrative Services
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Exhibit A
FINDINGS FOR LOCAL AMENDMENTS TO CALIFORNIA BUILDING CODE,
TITLE 24, PART 2, VOLUMES 1 AND 2
Section 17958 of the California Health and Safety Code provides that the City may make
changes to the provisions of the California Building Standards Code. Sections 17958.5 and
17958.7 of the Health and Safety Code require that for each proposed local change to those
provisions of the California Building Standards Code which regulate buildings used for human
habitation, the City Council must make findings supporting its determination that each such local
change is reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions.
Local building regulations having the effect of amending the uniform codes, which were
adopted by the City prior to November 23, 1970, were unaffected by the regulations of Sections
17958, 17958.5 and 17958.7 of the Health and Safety Code. Therefore, amendments to the
uniform codes which were adopted by the City Council prior to November 23, 1970 and have
been carried through from year to year without significant change, need no required findings.
Also, amendments to provisions not regulating buildings used for human habitation do not
require findings.
Code: California Building Code, Title 24, Part 2, Volumes 1 and 2
Chapter(s),
Section(s),
Table(s),
Appendices
Title Added Amended Deleted Justification
(See below
for keys)
Ch. 1, Div. II SCOPE OF ADMINISTRATION A
Part 1 Scope of Application A
Part 2 Administration and Enforcement A
101.1 Title A
101.2.1 Appendices A
101.4 Referenced codes A
101.4.8 Historical Buildings A
101.4.9 Electrical A
101.4.10 Residential Buildings A
101.4.11 Green Building Standards A
101.4.12 International Swimming and Spa Code A
103.1 Creation of enforcement agency A
103.2 Appointment A
103.3 Deputies A
104.2.1 Determination of substantially improved
or substantially damaged existing buildings
and structures in flood hazard zones
C, T
104.10.1 Flood hazard area C, G, T
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105.2 Work exempt from work A
105.3.2 Time limitation of applications A
105.5 Expiration A
105.5.1 Term limits for permits A
106.1 Live load posted G , T
109.6 Refunds A
109.7 Re-Inspection fees A
110.2.1 Preliminary accessibility compliance
inspection
A
110.3.3 Lowest floor elevation A
111.1 Use and occupancy A
111.1.1 Change of occupancy or tenancy A
111.3 Temporary occupancy A
111.5 Posting A
113.1 Means of Appeals A
114.1 Unlawful acts A
114.2 Criminal enforcement authority A
115.1 Authority A
115.2 Issuance A
115.3 Unlawful continuance A
115.4 Removal of posted stop work order A
115.5 Response required A
115.6 Permit application required A
115.7 Stop work order penalty A
502.1 Address identification T
502.1.1 Address illumination T
502.1.2 Address identification size T
702A WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE FIRE AREA -
Definitions
C, T
903.2 Automatic sprinkler system, where
required
903.3.1.1 NFPA 13 sprinkler systems G, T
903.3.1.2 NFPA 13R sprinkler systems G, T
903.3.1.3 NFPA 13D sprinkler systems G, T
903.3.1.3.1 Increase in fire sprinkler design criteria G, T
903.4.3 Floor control valves G, T
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905.3.1 Height G, T
907.2.11.10 Replacement G, T
909.20.7 Smoke control systems G,T
1031.2 Where required G, T
1008.3.3 Rooms and spaces G, T
1205.3.4 Roof guards at courts G
1208.5 Dwelling unit and congregate residence
superficial floor area
A, G
1503.2.1 Locations C
1612.1.1 Palo Alto Flood Hazard Regulations C, T
1613.5 Suspended ceilings G
1613.5.1 Scope G
1613.5.2 General G
1613.5.3 Sprinkler heads G
1613.5.4 Special requirements for means of egress G
1613.5.4.1 General G
1613.5.4.2 Assembly device G
1613.5.4.3 Emergency systems G
1613.5.4.4 Supports for appendage G
1613.5 ASCE 7, Section 13.1.4 Seismic design
requirements for nonstructural
components
G
1705.3 Concrete construction G
1803.2 Investigations required G
1803.5.11 Seismic design categories C through F G, T
1809.7 Prescriptive footings for light-frame
construction
G, T
Tbl. 1809.7 Prescriptive footings for light-frame
construction
G, T
1809.8 Plain concrete footings G, T
1901.2 Plain and reinforced concrete G, T
1905.1.7 ACI 318, Section 14.1.4 G, T
1906 FOOTINGS FOR LIGHT-FRAME
CONSTRUCTION
G, T
1906.1 Plain concrete footings G, T
1907.1 General G, T
2305.4 Hold-down connections G, T
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2307.2 Wood-framed shear walls G, T
2308.6.4 Braced wall panel construction G, T
2308.6.5 Alternative bracing G, T
Tbl.
2308.6.1
Wall Bracing Requirements.
Footnote “b”
G, T
Tbl.
2308.6.3(1)
Bracing Methods
Footnote “b”
G, T
2308.6.9 Attachment of sheathing G, T
2505 SHEAR WALL CONSTRUCTION G, T
2508.6 Horizontal gypsum board or gypsum panel
product diaphragm ceilings
G, T
Ch. 31B Public Pools G, T
3304.1 Excavation and fill G, T
Appx. I Patio Covers A, G
Appx. J Grading (Section J109.4 Drainage across
property lines)
G, T
Appx. P Emergency Housing A, C, G, T
//
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0160087_20221013_ay16
Exhibit B
FINDINGS FOR LOCAL AMENDMENTS TO CALIORNIA EXISTING BUILDING CODE,
Title 24, Part 10
Section 17958 of the California Health and Safety Code provides that the City may make
changes to the provisions of the California Building Standards Code. Sections 17958.5 and
17958.7 of the Health and Safety Code require that for each proposed local change to those
provisions of the California Building Standards Code which regulate buildings used for human
habitation, the City Council must make findings supporting its determination that each such local
change is reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions.
Local building regulations having the effect of amending the uniform codes, which were
adopted by the City prior to November 23, 1970, were unaffected by the regulations of Sections
17958, 17958.5 and 17958.7 of the Health and Safety Code. Therefore, amendments to the
uniform codes which were adopted by the City Council prior to November 23, 1970 and have
been carried through from year to year without significant change, need no required findings.
Also, amendments to provisions not regulating buildings used for human habitation do not
require findings.
Code: California Existing Building Code, Title, 24, Part 10
Chapter(s),
Section(s),
Table(s),
Appendices
Title Added Amended Replaced Justification
(See below for keys)
101.6 Appendices A
Ch. 1, Div. II Scope and Administration A
101.1 Title A
324 Dwelling unit and congregate
residence superficial floor area.
A, G
503.19 Suspended ceiling system G
503.20 Mechanical and electrical
equipment in seismic design
categories D, E or F
G
405.2.3.1 405.2.3.1 Seismic evaluation and
design procedures for repairs
G
405.2.3.1.1 CEBC level seismic forces G
Tbl.
405.2.3.1
ASCE 41 PERFORMANCE LEVELS G
405.2.3.1.2 Reduced CEBC level seismic forces G
Appx. A1 Seismic Strengthening Provisions
for Unreinforced Masonry Bearing
Wall Buildings
G, T
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Appx. A2 Earthquake Hazard Reduction in
Existing Reinforced Concrete and
Reinforced Masonry Wall Buildings
with Flexible Diaphragms
G, T
Appx. A3 Prescriptive Provisions for Seismic
Strengthening of Cripple Walls and
Sill Plate Anchorage of Light, Wood-
Frame Residential Buildings
G, T
Appx. A4 Earthquake Risk Reduction in Wood-
Frame Residential Buildings with
Soft, Weak or Open Front Walls
G, T
Appx. A5 Referenced Standards G, T
//
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Key to Justification for Amendments to Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations
A This is an administrative amendment to clarify and establish civil and administrative
procedures, regulations, or rules to enforce and administer the activities by the Palo Alto
Building Inspection Department. These administrative amendments do not need to meet HSC
18941.5/17958/13869 per HSC 18909(c).
C This amendment is justified based on a local climatic condition. The seasonal climatic
conditions during the late summer and fall create severe fire hazards to the public health and
welfare in the City. The hot, dry weather frequently results in wild land fires on the brush
covered slopes west of Interstate 280. The aforementioned conditions combined with the
geological characteristics of the hills within the City create hazardous conditions for which
departure from California Building Standards Code is required.
G This amendment is justified based on a local geological condition. The City of Palo Alto is
subject to earthquake hazard caused by its proximity to San Andreas fault. This fault runs from
Hollister, through the Santa Cruz Mountains, epicenter of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake,
then on up the San Francisco Peninsula, then offshore at Daly City near Mussel Rock. This is the
approximate location of the epicenter of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The other fault is
Hayward Fault. This fault is about 74 mi long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills
on the east side of San Francisco Bay. Both faults are considered major Northern California
earthquake faults which may experience rupture at any time. Thus, because the City is within a
seismic area which includes these earthquake faults, the modifications and changes cited
herein are designed to better limit property damage as a result of seismic activity and to
establish criteria for repair of damaged properties following a local emergency.
T The City of Palo Alto topography includes hillsides with narrow and winding access,
which makes timely response by fire suppression and emergency response vehicles difficult.
Palo Alto is contiguous with the San Francisco Bay, resulting in a natural receptor for storm and
wastewater run-off. Also, the City of Palo Alto is located in an area that is potentially
susceptible to liquefaction during a major earthquake. The surface condition consists mostly of
stiff to dense sandy clay, which is highly plastic and expansive in nature. The aforementioned
conditions within the City create hazardous conditions for which departure from California
Building Standards Code is warranted.
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Ordinance No. ___
Ordinance of the Council of the City of Palo Alto Repealing Chapter
16.05 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code and Amending Title 16 to Adopt a
New Chapter 16.05, California Mechanical Code, 2022 Edition,
and Local Amendments and Related Findings
The Council of the City of Palo Alto does ORDAIN as follows:
SECTION 1. Chapter 16.05 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is hereby amended by repealing in its
entirety 16.05 and adopting a new Chapter 16.05 to read as follows:
Chapter 16.05 CALIFORNIA MECHANICAL CODE, TITLE 24, PART 4
16.05.010 2022 California Mechanical Code, Title 24, Part 4 adopted.
The California Mechanical Code, 2022 Edition, Title 24, Part 4 of the California Code of Regulations
together with those omissions, amendments, exceptions and additions thereto, is adopted and
hereby incorporated in this Chapter by reference and made a part hereof the same as if fully set
forth herein.
Unless superseded and expressly repealed, references in City of Palo Alto forms, documents and
regulations to the chapters and sections of the former editions of the California Code of Regulations,
Title 24 shall be construed to apply to the corresponding provisions contained within the California
Code of Regulations, Title 24, 2022. Ordinance No. 5478 of the City of Palo Alto and all other
ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby suspended and expressly repealed.
Wherever the phrases "California Mechanical Code" or "Mechanical Code" are used in this code
or any ordinance of the City, such phrases shall be deemed and construed to refer and apply to
the California Mechanical Code, 2022 Edition, Title 24, Part 4 of the California Code of Regulations,
as adopted by this Chapter.
One copy of the California Mechanical Code, 2022 edition, has been filed for use and examination
of the public in the Office of the Building Official of the City of Palo Alto.
16.05.020 Cross - References to California Mechanical Code.
The provisions of this Chapter contain cross-references to the provisions of the California
Mechanical Code, 2022 Edition, in order to facilitate reference and comparison to those
provisions.
16.05.030 Local Amendments
The provisions of this Chapter shall constitute local amendments to the cross-referenced provisions
of the California Mechanical Code, 2022 Edition, and shall be deemed to replace the cross-
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referenced sections of said Code with the respective provisions set forth in this Chapter.
16.05.040 Administration & Enforcement of 2022 California Green Building Code
Administration and enforcement of this code shall be governed by Chapter 1, Division II of the
2022 California Building Code as amended by Palo Alto Municipal Code Chapter 16.04.
16.05.045 Adoption of Chapter 1, Division II Administration
Chapter 1, Division II Administration of the 2022 California Mechanical Code is adopted by the
City of Palo Alto to supplement, to the extent it does not conflict with, Chapter 1, Division II of
the 2022 California Building Code, as amended.
16.05.050 Section 102.8 Appendices.
The following Appendix Chapters of the California Mechanical Code, 2022 Edition, are adopted and
hereby incorporated in this Chapter by reference and made a part hereof the same as if fully set
forth herein:
A. Appendix B – Procedures to be followed to place gas equipment in operation
B. Appendix C – Installation and testing of oil (liquid) fuel-fired equipment
C. Appendix G – Sizing of venting systems and outdoor combustion and ventilation
opening design
16.05.060 Section 104.2 Exempt from this code.
Subdivision (6) of Section 104.2 of Chapter 1 of the California Mechanical Code is added to read:
(6) ADDITIONAL EXCEPTIONS: Reference Mechanical Section under PAMC 16.04.110
Section 105.2 Work exempt from permit.
16.05.070 Section 510.7 Interior installations.
Section 510.7 of Chapter 5 of the California Mechanical Code is amended to read:
Section 510.7 Interior installations. In all buildings, the ducts shall be enclosed in a
continuous enclosure extending from the lowest fire-rated ceiling or floor above the
hood, through any concealed spaces, to or through the roof so as to maintain the
integrity of the fire separations required by the applicable building code provisions.
The enclosure shall be sealed around the duct at the point of penetration of the
lowest fire-rated ceiling or floor above the hood in order to maintain the fire
resistance rating of the enclosure and shall be vented to the exterior of the building
through weather-protected openings. [NFPA 96:7.7.1.2 – 7.7.1.4]
SECTION 2. The Council adopts the findings for local amendments to the California Mechanical
Code, 2022 Edition, attached hereto as Exhibit “A” and incorporated herein by reference.
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SECTION 3. The Council finds that this project is exempt from the provisions of the California
Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”), pursuant to Section 15061 of the CEQA Guidelines, because
it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the amendments herein adopted will
have a significant effect on the environment.
SECTION 4. This Ordinance shall be effective on the thirty-first day after the date of its adoption.
INTRODUCED:
PASSED:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTENTIONS:
ATTEST:
____________________________ ____________________________
City Clerk Mayor
APPROVED AS TO FORM: APPROVED:
____________________________ ____________________________
Assistant City Attorney City Manager
____________________________
Director of Planning and
Development Services
____________________________
Director of Administrative Services
NOT YET APPROVED
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Exhibit A
FINDINGS FOR LOCAL AMENDMENTS TO CALIFORNIA MECHANICAL CODE,
TITLE 24, PART 4
Section 17958 of the California Health and Safety Code provides that the City may make changes
to the provisions of the California Building Standards Code. Sections 17958.5 and 17958.7 of the
Health and Safety Code require that for each proposed local change to those provisions of the
California Building Standards Code which regulate buildings used for human habitation, the City
Council must make findings supporting its determination that each such local change is reasonably
necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions.
Local building regulations having the effect of amending the uniform codes, which were adopted
by the City prior to November 23, 1970, were unaffected by the regulations of Sections 17958,
17958.5 and 17958.7 of the Health and Safety Code. Therefore, amendments to the uniform
codes which were adopted by the City Council prior to November 23, 1970 and have been carried
through from year to year without significant change, need no required findings. Also,
amendments to provisions not regulating buildings used for human habitation do not require
findings.
Code: California Mechanical Code, Title, 24, Part 4
Chapter(s),
Sections(s),
Appendices
Title Added Amended Replaced Justification
(See below
for keys)
Ch. 1, Div. II ADMINSTRATION A
102.8 Appendices A
Administration and Enforcement A
104.2 Exempt from this code A
510.7 Interior installations G
Appx. B Procedures to be followed to place gas
equipment in operation
A
Appx. C Installation and testing of oil (liquid) fuel-
fired equipment
A
Appx. G Sizing of venting system and outdoor
combustion and ventilation opening
design
A
Key to Justification for Amendments to Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations A This is an administrative amendment to clarify and establish civil and administrative procedures, regulations, or rules to enforce and administer the activities by the Palo Alto Building Inspection Department. These administrative amendments do not need to meet HSC 18941.5/17958/13869 per HSC 18909(c). C This amendment is justified based on a local climatic condition. The seasonal climatic conditions during the late summer and fall create severe fire hazards to the public health and welfare in the City. The hot, dry weather frequently results in wild land fires on the brush covered slopes west of Interstate 280. The aforementioned conditions combined with the geological characteristics of the hills within the City create hazardous conditions for which departure from California Building Standards Code is required. G This amendment is justified based on a local geological condition. The City of Palo Alto is subject to earthquake hazard caused by its proximity to San Andreas fault. This fault runs from Hollister, through the Santa Cruz Mountains, epicenter of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, then on up the San Francisco Peninsula, then offshore at Daly City near Mussel Rock. This is the approximate location of the epicenter of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The other fault is Hayward Fault. This fault is about 74 mi long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay. Both faults are considered major Northern California earthquake faults which may experience rupture at any time. Thus, because the City is within a seismic area which includes these earthquake faults, the modifications and changes cited herein are designed to better limit property damage as a result of seismic activity and to establish criteria for repair of damaged properties following a local emergency. T The City of Palo Alto topography includes hillsides with narrow and winding access, which makes timely response by fire suppression and emergency response vehicles difficult. Palo Alto is contiguous with the San Francisco Bay, resulting in a natural receptor for storm and wastewater run-off. Also, the City of Palo Alto is located in an area that is potentially susceptible to liquefaction during a major earthquake. The surface condition consists mostly of stiff to dense sandy clay, which is highly plastic and expansive in nature. The aforementioned conditions within the City create hazardous conditions for which departure from California Building Standards Code is warranted.
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Ordinance No. ____
Ordinance of the Council of the City of Palo Alto Repealing
Chapter 16.06 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code and Adopting a
New Chapter 16.06, California Residential Code, 2022 Edition,
and Local Amendments and Related Findings, and Amending
Section Chapter 16.52, Flood Hazard Regulations, to Make
Conforming Changes
The Council of the City of Palo Alto does ORDAIN as follows:
SECTION 1. Chapter 16.06 of Palo Alto Municipal Code is hereby amended by repealing the
Chapter in its entirety and adopting a new Chapter 16.06 to read as follows:
CHAPTER 16.06
2022 California Residential Code, Cal. Code of Regs. Title 24, Part 2.5
Sections
16.06.010 2022 California Residential Code adopted
16.06.015 Local Amendments
16.06.020 2022 California Residential Code Appendix Chapters adopted
16.06.030 Cross - References to California Residential Code
16.06.040 Administration of California Residential Code
16.06.050 Section R202 amended – Definitions added
16.06.060 Table 301.2 Climatic and Geographic Design Criteria:
16.06.070 Section R301.2.2.6 Irregular buildings.
16.06.075 Section R304.4 Dwelling unit and congregate residence superficial floor area
16.06.080 Section R310 Emergency escape and rescue openings
16.06.090 Section R310.4.2.3 Window well fall protection:
16.06.100 Section R310.4.1 Security bars
16.06.110 Section R313.1.1 Design and installation
16.06.120 Section R313.2 One- and two-family dwellings automatic fire sprinkler systems
16.04.130 Section R313.2.1 – Design and installation.
16.04.140 Section R313.2.2 NFPA 13D sprinkler systems increase in design requirements.
16.04.150 Section R313.3 - Dwelling unit fire sprinkler systems
16.06.160 Section R314.1– Smoke detection and notification
16.06.170 Section R314.1.1– Smoke alarms or detector end of life replacement
16.06.180 Section R315.7.5. Carbon Monoxide alarms
16.06.190 Section R319.1 Address numbers.
16.06.200 Section R322.1 – General (Palo Alto Flood Hazard Regulations).
16.06.210 Section R337.1.5 Vegetation management compliance
16.06.220 Section R401 GENERAL
16.06.225 Section R402.2.1 Materials for concrete
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16.06.230 Section R403 FOUNDATION.
16.06.240 Section R404.1.3 Concrete foundation walls.
16.06.245 Section R504.3.1 Projections exposed to weather
16.06.246 Section R506.1 General
16.06.247 Section R602.10.4.5 Limits on methods GB and PCP
16.06.250 Table R602.10.3(3) – Bracing requirements based on seismic design category
16.06.253 Section R608.5 Materials
16.06.255 Section R703.8.5.1 Locations.
16.06.260 Section R902.1.4 – Roofing requirements in a Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area
16.06.270 Section R1003.9.2.1 – Repairs, replacements and alterations
16.06.280 Section AJ103 – Preliminary Meeting
16.06.010 2022 California Residential Code adopted.
The California Residential Code, 2022 Edition, Title 24, Part 2.5 of the California Code of Regulations,
together with those omissions, amendments, exceptions and additions thereto, is adopted and
hereby incorporated in this Chapter by reference and made a part hereof the same as if fully set
forth herein.
Unless superseded and expressly repealed, references in City of Palo Alto forms, documents and
regulations to the chapters and sections of the former California Code of Regulations, Title 24, 2019,
shall be construed to apply to the corresponding provisions contained within the California Code of
Regulations, Title 24, 2022. Ordinance No. 5509 of the City of Palo Alto and all other ordinances or
parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby suspended and expressly repealed.
Wherever the phrases "California Residential Code" or "Residential Code" are used in this
code or any ordinance of the city, such phrases shall be deemed and construed to refer and
apply to the California Residential Code, 2022 Edition, Title 24, Part 2.5 of the California Code
of Regulations, as adopted by this Chapter.
One copy of the California Residential Code, 2022 Edition, has been filed for use and examination of
the public in the Office of the Building Official of the City of Palo Alto.
16.06.015 Local Amendments.
The provisions of this Chapter shall constitute local amendments to the cross-referenced
provisions of the California Residential Code, 2022 Edition, and shall be deemed to replace the
cross-referenced sections of said Code with the respective provisions set forth in this Chapter.
Where used in this Chapter 16.06, ellipses shall indicate text of the California Residential
Code, 2022 Edition, that has been adopted without amendment but is omitted for brevity.
16.06.020 2022 California Residential Code Appendix Chapters adopted.
The following Appendix Chapters of the California Residential Code, 2022 Edition, are adopted and
hereby incorporated in this Chapter by reference and made a part hereof the same as if fully set
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forth herein:
A. Appendix AH – Patio Covers
B. Appendix AJ – Existing Building and Structures
C. Appendix AK – Sound Transmission
D. Appendix AX – Swimming Pool Safety Act
16.06.030 Cross - References to California Residential Code.
The provisions of this Chapter contain cross-references to the provisions of the California
Residential Code, 2022 Edition, in order to facilitate reference and comparison to those provisions.
16.06.040 Administration of California Residential Code
Chapter 1, Division II of the 2022 California Residential Code is replaced in its entirety by Chapter 1, Division II of
the 2022 California Building Code as amended by Palo Alto Municipal Code Chapter 16.04.
16.06.050 Section R202 amended – Definitions added.
Section R202 of the California Residential Code is amended to include the following definitions:
Superficial Floor Area. "Superficial floor area" is the net floor area within the
enclosing walls of the room in which the ceiling height is not less than seven feet
six inches, excluding built-in equipment such as wardrobes, cabinets, kitchen
units, or fixtures which are not readily removable.
WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE FIRE AREA is a geographical area identified by the
State of California as a “Fire Hazard Severity Zone” in accordance with Public
Resources Code Sections 4201 through 4202 and Government Code Sections 51175
through 51189, or other areas designated by the enforcing agency to be at a
significant risk from wildfires. Within the city limits of the City of Palo Alto, “Wildland-
Urban Fire Interface Area” shall also include all areas west of Interstate 280, and all
other areas recommended as a “Very High Fire Hazard Severity Zone” by the Director
of the California Department of Forestry.
16.06.060 Table 301.2 Climatic and Geographic Design Criteria
Table 301.2 of the California Residential Code is amended to read:
TABLE R301.2
CLIMATIC AND GEOGRAPHIC DESIGN CRITERIA
GROUND WIND DESIGN SEISMIC SUBJECT TO DAMAGE FROM
SNOW LOAD Speed
(mph)
Topographic
effects
DESIGN
CATEGORY
Weathering Frost
line
depth
Termite
0 92 No D0 thru E Negligible 5” Very High
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WINTER
DESIGN
TEMP.
(OF)
ICE BARRIER
UNDERLAYEMENT
REQUIRED
FLOOD
HAZARDS
AIR
FREEZING
INDEX
MEAN
ANNUAL
TEMP.
(OF)
40 No See
Footnotes
p thru r
0 55
p The City of Palo Alto entered National Flood Insurance Program in 1979.
q The effective date of the current Flood Insurance Study and Flood Insurance Rate Map is May 18, 2009.
r The panel numbers and dates of all currently effective FIRMs and FBFMs: 06085CIND0A, 06085C0010H,
06085C0015H through 06085C0019H, 06085C0030H, 06085C0036H , 06085C0038H , 06085C0180H
,06085C0185H (May 18, 2009 for all)
16.06.070 Section R301.2.2.6 Irregular buildings.
Section R301.2.2.6 of the California Residential Code is amended as follows:
The seismic provisions of this code shall not be used for structures, or portions thereof, located
in Seismic Design Categories C, D0, D1 and D2 and considered to be irregular in accordance
with this section. A building or portion of a building shall be considered to be irregular where
one or more of the conditions defined in Items 1 through 8 occur. Irregular structures, or
irregular portions of structures, shall be designed in accordance with accepted engineering
practice to the extent the irregular features affect the performance of the remaining structural
system. Where the forces associated with the irregularity are resisted by a structural system
designed in accordance with accepted engineering practice, the remainder of the building shall
be permitted to be designed using the provisions of this code.
1. Shear wall or braced wall offsets out of plane. Conditions where exterior shear wall
lines or braced wall panels are not in one plane vertically from the foundation to the
uppermost story in which they are required.
2. Lateral Support of roofs and floors. Conditions where a section of floor or roof is not
laterally supported by shear walls or braced wall lines on all edges.
Exception: Portions of floors that do not support shear walls, braced wall panels
above, or roofs shall be permitted to extend not more than 6 feet (1829 mm)
beyond a shear wall or braced wall line.
3. Shear wall or braced wall offsets in plane. Conditions where the end of a braced wall
panel occurs over an opening in the wall below.
4. Floor and roof opening. Conditions where an opening in a floor or roof exceeds the
lesser of 12 feet (3658 mm) or 50 percent of the least floor or roof dimension.
5. Floor level offset. Conditions where portions of a floor level are vertically offset.
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6. Perpendicular shear wall and wall bracing. Conditions where shear walls and braced
wall lines do not occur in two perpendicular directions.
7. Wall bracing in stories containing masonry or concrete construction. Conditions
where stories above grade plane are partially or completely braced by wood wall
framing in accordance with Section R602 or cold-formed steel wall framing in
accordance with Section R603 include masonry or concrete construction. Where this
irregularity applies, the entire story shall be designed in accordance with accepted
engineering practice.
Exceptions: Fireplaces, chimneys and masonry veneer in accordance with this code.
8. Hillside light-frame construction. Conditions in which all of the following apply:
8.1 The grade slope exceeds 1 unit vertical in 5 units horizontal where averaged
across the full length of any side of the dwelling.
8.2 The tallest cripple wall clear height exceeds 7 feet (2134 mm), or where a post
and beam system occurs at the dwelling perimeter, the post and beam system
tallest post clear height exceeds 7 feet (2134 mm).
8.3 Of the total plan area below the lowest framed floor, whether open or enclosed,
less than 50 percent is living space having interior wall finishes conforming to
Section R702.
Where Item 8 is applicable, design in accordance with accepted engineering practice
shall be provided for the floor immediately above the cripple walls or post and beam
system and all structural elements and connections from this diaphragm down to and
including connections to the foundation and design of the foundation to transfer lateral
loads from the framing above.
Exception: Light-frame construction in which the lowest framed floor is supported
directly on concrete or masonry walls over the full length of all sides except the
downhill side of the dwelling need not be considered an irregular dwelling under
Item 8.
16.06.75 Section R304.4 Dwelling unit and congregate residence superficial floor area
Section R304.4 of the California Residential Code is amended to read:
R304.4 Dwelling unit and congregate residence superficial floor area. Every dwelling
unit and congregate residence shall have at least one room which shall have not less
than 120 square feet of superficial floor area. Every room which is used for both
cooking and living or both living and sleeping purposes shall have not less than 144
square feet of superficial floor area. Every room used for sleeping purposes shall have
not less than 70 square feet of superficial floor area. When more than two persons
occupy a room used for sleeping purposes the required superficial floor area shall be
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increased at the rate of 50 square feet for each occupant in excess of two. Guest
rooms with cooking shall contain the combined required superficial areas of a sleeping
and a kitchen, but not less than 144 square feet. Other habitable rooms shall be not
less than 70 square feet.
Notwithstanding any provision of this Section, children under the age of six shall
not be counted for purposes of determining whether a family with minor children
complies with the provisions of this Code.
16.06.080 Section R310 Emergency escape and rescue openings
Section R310 of the California Residential Code is amended to read:
R310.1 Emergency escape and rescue opening required. Basements, habitable attics
and every sleeping room shall have not less than one operable emergency escape and
rescue opening. Where basements contain one or more sleeping rooms, an emergency
escape and rescue opening shall be required in each sleeping room. Emergency escape
and rescue openings shall open directly into a public way, or to a yard or court that
opens to a public way.
Exceptions:
1. Storm shelters and basements used only to house mechanical
equipment not exceeding a total floor area of 200 square feet (18.58 m2)
16.06.090 Section R310.4.2.3 Window well fall protection
Section R310.4.2.3 of the California Residential Code is added to read:
R310.4.2.3 Window well fall protection. Window wells with a vertical depth greater
than 30 inches shall have guards on all sides. The guards shall be provided in accordance
with Section R312.1. Openings shall comply with Section R312.1.3. Access ladder shall
comply with Section R310.4.2.1 and shall extend from the bottom of the well to the top
of the guard. Grates or similar barriers shall not be installed over the window well.
16.06.100 Section R310.4.1 Security bars
Section R310.4.1 of the California Residential Code is added to read:
R310.4.1 Security bars. Fire Department plan check review and approval of all security
bar submittals shall be required prior to the issuance of a Building Permit.
16.06.110 Section R313.1.1 Design and installation.
Section 313.1.1 of the California Residential Code is amended to read:
R313.1.1 Design and installation. Where allowed, automatic sprinkler systems installed
in townhouses shall be installed throughout in accordance with NFPA 13 and State and
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local standards.
16.06.120 Section R313.2 One- and two-family dwellings automatic fire sprinkler systems.
Section R313.2 of the California Residential Code is amended to read:
R313.2 One- and two-family dwellings automatic fire sprinkler systems. Approved
automatic sprinkler systems in new buildings and structures and in existing modified
buildings and structures, shall be provided in the locations described in this section.
Automatic fire sprinklers shall be installed per the requirements set forth in Sections
903.2.1 through 903.2.18 of the California Building Code and as follows, whichever is
the more restrictive:
1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all new buildings
and structures.
Exception: New residential occupancies, buildings or structures that do
not exceed 350 square feet of building area and contain no interior
plumbing fixtures.
2. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all existing
buildings when modifications are made that create an increase in fire area to
more than 3600 square feet or when the addition is equal or greater than 50%
of the existing building square footage whichever is more restrictive.
3. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all new or altered
basements used for storage/utility/occupancy or habitable space regardless of
size and throughout existing basements that are expanded by more than 50%.
If the addition or alteration is only the basement, then only the basement is
required to be fire sprinkler protected
4. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout when either the
roof structure and/or exterior wall structure have been removed, altered and/or
replaced by at least 50% of the existing structure.
5. An automatic sprinkler system shall be installed throughout when any change in
use or occupancy creating a more hazardous fire/life safety condition, as
determined by the Fire Chief.
16.04.130 Section R313.2.1 – Design and installation.
Section R313.2.1 of the California Residential Code is amended to read as follows:
R313.2.1 Design and installation. R313.2.1 Design and installation. Where allowed,
automatic sprinkler systems installed in one-and two-family detached dwellings shall
be installed throughout in accordance with NFPA 13D and State and local standards.
Fire sprinkler protection is required under rear covered patios extending over 4 feet
perpendicular from the exterior of the structure.
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16.04.140 Section R313.2.2 NFPA 13D sprinkler systems increase in design
requirements. Section R313.2.2 of the California Residential Code is added to read as
follows:
R313.2.2 Section R313.2.2 NFPA 13D sprinkler systems increase in design
requirements. In a higher fire fighting hazardous conditions a four head fire sprinkler
calculation and coverage in all closets, bathrooms and attics will be required in Residential
and Group U Occupancies as determined by the Fire Code Official in the following
conditions:
1. Structures located in the High Hazardous Fire Areas.
2. Structures where the combined fire area is 3600 sq ft or larger.
3. Structures located 150 ft or greater from the Fire Department access roadways.
4. Basements and below grade structures.
16.04.150 Section R313.3 - Dwelling unit fire sprinkler systems. Section R313.3 of the
California Residential Code is deleted in its entirety and amended as follows:
R313.3 Dwelling unit fire sprinkler systems. Fire sprinkler systems shall be designed
and installed in accordance with NFPA 13D, State and local standards.
16.06.160 Section R314.1– Smoke detection and notification.
Section R314.1 of the California Residential Code is amended to read:
R314.1 Smoke detection and notification. Listed single- and multiple-station smoke
alarms complying with UL 217 shall be installed in accordance with the California Fire
Code Sections 907.2.11.1 through 907.2.11.5 and manufacturer’s installation and use
instructions.
Smoke alarms and smoke detectors shall be in compliance with this code or subject to
the provisions of the Health and Safety Code, they shall also be listed and approved for
rapid response to smoldering synthetic materials. All smoke alarms or detectors shall
be of the photoelectric type or shall have equivalent detection capabilities in
compliance with UL 217.
Exception: A photoelectric smoke alarm or detector shall be installed if located
within 20 feet to a kitchen, fireplace or woodburning stove or within 5 feet of a
bathroom.
16.06.170 Section R314.1.1– Smoke alarms or detector end of life replacement.
Section R314.2 of the California Residential Code is added to read:
R314.1.1 Smoke alarms or detector end of life replacement. Smoke alarms or
detectors shall be replaced every 10 years or according to the manufacture
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guidelines, whichever is more restrictive.
16.06.180 Section R315.7.5. Carbon Monoxide alarms.
Section R315.7.5 of the California Residential Code is added to read:
R315.7.5 Carbon Monoxide alarms or detectors end of life replacement. Carbon
monoxide alarms or detectors shall be replaced every 10 years or according to the
manufacture guidelines, whichever is more restrictive.
16.06.190 Section R319.1 Address numbers.
The following subsections are added to Section R319.1 of the California Residential Code:
R319.1.1 Address illumination. Address identification required by Section
R319.1 shall be illuminated.
R319.1.2 Address identification size. Address numbers and letters shall be
sized as follows:
1. When the structure is between thirty-six (36) and fifty (50) feet from
the road or other emergency means of access, a minimum of one-half
inch (0.5”) stroke by six inches (6”) high is required.
2. When the structure is fifty (50) or more feet from the road or other
emergency means of access, a minimum of one inch (1”) stroke by nine
inches (12”) high is required.
16.06.200 Section R322.1 – General (Palo Alto Floor Hazard Regulations).
The following paragraph is added to Section R322.1 of the California Residential Code:
Palo Alto Flood Hazard Regulations. Notwithstanding the provisions of this section
R322, all construction or development within a flood hazard area (areas depicted as
a Special Flood Hazard Area on Flood Insurance Rate Maps published by the Federal
Emergency Management Agency) shall comply with the City of Palo Alto Flood Hazard
Regulations (Palo Alto Municipal Code Chapter 16.52). Where discrepancies exist
between the requirements of this code and said regulations, the more stringent
requirements shall apply.
16.06.210 Section R337.1.5 Vegetation management compliance.
Section R337.1.5 of the California Residential Code is amended to read:
R337.1.5 Vegetation management compliance. Prior to building permit final
approval, the property shall be in compliance with the vegetation management
requirements prescribed in California Fire Code section 4906, including California
Public Resources Code 4291 or California Government Code Section 51182.
Acceptable methods of compliance inspection and documentation shall be
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determined by the enforcing agency and may include any of the following:
1. Local, state, or federal fire authority or designee authorized to enforce vegetation
management requirements.
2. Enforcing agency - City of Palo Alto Fire Inspection shall inspect the
aforementioned requirements and indicate compliance prior to building division
final inspection sign- off.
3. Third party inspection and certification authorized to enforce vegetation
management requirements.
4. Property owner certification authorized by the enforcing agency.
16.06.220 Section R401 GENERAL.
Section 401 of the California Residential Code is amended to read:
R401.1 – R401.3 {CRC text not modified}
R401.4 Soils tests. Exception is added at end of the CRC text as follows:
Exception: Refer to PAMC 16.04.295
R401.4.1 Geotechnical evaluation. When permitted by the building official or designee, in
lieu of a complete geotechnical evaluation, the load bearing values in T401.4.1 shall be
assumed.
R401.4.1.1 – R401.4.2 {CRC text not modified}
16.06.225 Section R402.2.1 Materials for concrete.
Section 402.2.1 of the California Residential Code is amended to read:
R402.2.1 Materials for concrete. Materials for concrete shall comply with the
requirements of Section R608.5.1, as amended by PAMC 16.14.250.
16.06.230 Section R403 FOUNDATION.
Section R403 of the California Residential Code is amended as follows:
R403.1 – R403.1.1 {CRC text not modified}
R403.1.2 Continuous footing in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1, and D2. Exterior
walls of buildings located in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2 shall be supported
by continuous solid or fully grouted masonry or concrete footings. All required interior
braced wall panels in buildings located in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2 shall
be supported on continuous foundations.
R403.1.3 Footing and stem wall reinforcing in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1, and
D2. Concrete footings located in Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2, as
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established in Table R301.2(1), shall have not fewer than three No. 4 horizontal bars.
One No. 4 horizontal bar shall be installed within 12 inches (305 mm) of the top of the
stem wall and two No. 4 horizontal bars shall be located 3 to 4 inches (76 mm to 102
mm) from the bottom of the footing.
R403.1.3.1 Concrete stem walls with concrete footings. In Seismic Design Categories
D0, D1 and D2 where a construction joint is created between a concrete footing and a
stem wall, not fewer than one No. 4 vertical bar shall be installed at not more than 4
feet (1219 mm) on center. The vertical bar shall have a standard hook and extend to
the bottom of the footing and shall have support and cover as specified in Section
R403.1.3.5.3 and extend not less than 14 inches (357 mm) into the stem wall. Standard
hooks shall comply with Section R608.5.4.5. Not fewer than one No. 4 horizontal bar
shall be installed within 12 inches (305 mm) of the top of the stem wall and two No. 4
horizontal bars shall be located 3 to 4 inches (76 mm to 102 mm) from the bottom of
the footing.
R403.1.3.2 Masonry stem walls with concrete footings. In Seismic Design
Categories D0, D1 and D2 where a grouted masonry stem wall is supported on a
concrete footing, not fewer than one No. 4 vertical bar shall be installed at not more
than 4 feet (1219 mm) on center. The vertical bar shall have a standard hook and extend
to the bottom of the footing and have support and cover as specified in Section
R403.1.3.5.3 and extend not less than 14 inches (357 mm) into the stem wall. Standard
hooks shall comply with Section R608.5.4.5. Not fewer than one No. 4 horizontal bar
shall be installed within 12 inches (305 mm) of the top of the wall and two No. 4
horizontal bars shall be located 3 to 4 inches (76 mm to 102 mm) from the bottom of
the footing. Masonry stem walls shall be solid grouted.
In Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2 masonry stem walls without solid grout and
vertical reinforcing are not permitted.
R403.1.3.3 – R403.1.7.4 {CRC text not modified}
R403.1.8 Foundations on expansive soils. Foundations and floor slabs for buildings
located on expansive soils shall be designed in accordance with Section 1808.6 or Table
1809.7 of the California Building Code as amended in Municipal Code Section 16.04.300.
R403.1.8.1 {CRC text not modified}
16.06.240 Section R404.1.3 Concrete foundation walls.
Section 404.1.3 of the California Residential Code is amended to read:
R404.1.3 Concrete Foundation Walls. Concrete foundation walls that support light-
frame walls shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the provisions of this
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section, ACI 318, ACI 332, or PCA 100, as amended by PAMC Section 16.14.250.
Concrete foundation walls that support above-grade concrete walls that are within the
applicability limits of Section R608.2 shall be designed and constructed in accordance
with the provisions of this section, ACI 318, ACI 332, or PCA 100, as amended by PAMC
Section 16.14.250. Concrete foundation walls that support above-grade concrete walls
that are not within the applicability limits of Section R608.2 shall be designed and
constructed in accordance with the provisions of ACI 318, ACI 332, or PCA 100, as
amended by PAMC Section 16.14.250. When ACI 318, ACI 332, PCA 100 or the
provisions of this section, as amended by PAMC Section 16.14.250 are used to design
concrete foundation walls, project drawings, typical details and specifications are not
required to bear the seal of the architect or engineer responsible for design, unless
otherwise required by the state law of the jurisdiction having authority.
16.06.245 Section R504.3.1 Projections exposed to weather.
Section R504.3.1 of the California Residential Code is added to read:
R504.3.1 Projections exposed to weather. Floor projections exposed to the weather and
sealed underneath, including but not limited to balconies, landings, decks, and stairs shall be
constructed of naturally durable wood, preservative-treated wood, corrosion-resistant (e.g.
galvanized) steel, or similar approved materials.
16.06.246 Section R506.1 General
Section R506.1 of the California Residential Code is amended to read:
R506.1 General. Concrete slab-on-ground floors shall be designed and constructed in
accordance with the provisions of this section of ACI 332, as amended by PAMC Section
16.14.250. Floors shall be a minimum 3 1/2 inches (89mm) thick (for expansive soils, see
Section R403.1.8). The specified compressive strength of concrete shall be as set forth in
Section R402.2.
16.06.247 Section R602.10.4.5 Limits on methods GB and PCP. Section R602.10.4.5 of the
California Residential Code is added to read:
R602.10.4.5 Limits on methods GB and PCP. In Seismic Design Categories D0, D1, and
D2, Method GB is not permitted for use as an intermittent braced wall panels, but
gypsum board is permitted to be installed when required by this Section to be placed
on the opposite side of the studs form other types of braced wall panel sheathing. In
Seismic Design Categories D0, D1, and D2, the use of Method PCP is limited to one-story
single family dwelling and accessory structures.
16.06.250 Table R602.10.3(3) – Bracing requirements based on seismic design category.
Footnote e to Table R602.10.3(3) is amended to read as follows:
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e. In Seismic Design Categories D0, D1 and D2, Method GB is not permitted and PCP is limited
to one-story dwellings and accessory structures.
16.06.253 Section R608.5 Materials.
Section R608.5 of the California Residential Code is amended to read:
R608.5 Materials. Materials used in the construction of concrete walls shall comply
with this section, as amended by PAMC Chapter 16.14.250.
16.06.255 Section R703.8.5.1 Locations.
Section R703.8.5.1 of the California Residential Code is added to read:
R703.8.5.1 Locations. Flashing shall be installed at wall and roof intersections, gutters,
wherever there is a change in roof slope or direction, and around roof openings. Where
flashing is of metal, the metal shall be corrosion resistant with a thickness of not less than
0.019 inches (0.483 mm) (e.g. no. 26 galvanized sheet) and shall be primed and painted.
16.06.260 Section R902.1.4 – Roofing requirements in a Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area.
Section R902.1.4 of the California Residential Code is amended to read:
R902.1.4 Roofing requirements in a Wild Land-Urban Interface Fire Area. The entire roof
covering on new structures and existing structures on which more than 50 percent of
the total roof area is replaced within any one-year period, and any roof covering applied
in the alteration, repair or replacement of roofs on existing structures, shall be a fire-
retardant roof covering that is at least Class A. Roofing requirements for structures
located in a Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area shall also comply with Section R337.5.
16.06.270 Section R1003.9.2.1 – Repairs, replacements and alterations.
Section R1003.9.2.1 is added to the California Residential Code to read:
R1003.9.2.1 Repairs, replacements and alterations. When any repair, replacement or
alteration to the roof of an existing structure is performed, a spark arrester shall be
installed on the existing chimney in accordance with Section R1003.9.2.
16.06.280 Section AJ103 – Preliminary Meeting.
Section AJ103 of Appendix AJ of the California Residential Code is amended to read:
Section AJ103.1 General. If a building permit is required at the request of the
prospective permit applicant, the building official or his or her designee may meet with
the prospective applicant to discuss plans for any proposed work under these provisions
prior to the application for the permit. The purpose of this preliminary meeting is for
the building official to gain an understanding of the prospective applicant’s intentions
for the proposed work, and to determine, together with the prospective applicant, the
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specific applicability of these provisions.
SECTION 2. The Council adopts the findings for local amendments to the California Residential
Code, 2022 Edition, attached hereto as Exhibit “A” and incorporated herein by reference.
SECTION 3. Section 16.52.040 (Definitions) of Chapter 16.52 (Flood Hazard Regulations) of Title 16
(Building) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is amended to read as follows (additions underlined,
deletions struck through, and omissions of unchanged language noted by [. . .]):
16.52.040 Definitions
(a) The definitions contained hereafter shall govern the interpretation of the terms
defined for the purposes of this chapter, except where the context clearly requires
otherwise. Words used in this chapter and not defined in this section shall be interpreted
so as to give them the meaning they have in common usage and to give this chapter its
most reasonable application.
(1) "Appeal" means a request for a review of the floodplain administrator's
interpretation of any provision of this chapter or a request for a variance.
(2) "Area of shallow flooding" means a designated AO or AH zone on the Flood
Insurance Rate Map. The base flood depths range from one to three feet; a clearly defined
channel does not exist; the path of flooding is unpredictable and indeterminate; and
velocity flow may be evident.
(3) "Area of Special Flood Hazard." See "Special flood hazard area."
(4) "Base flood" or "one-hundred-year flood" means the flood having a one percent
chance of being equaled or exceeded in any given year.
(5) “Base flood elevation (BFE)” means elevation of flooding, including wave height,
relative to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD), North American Datum (NAVD)
or other datum specified on the Flood Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) having a 1% chance of
being equaled or exceeded in any given year.
(6) "Basement" means any area of the building having its floor subgrade (below ground
level) on all sides.
(7) "Breakaway walls" means any type of walls, whether solid or lattice, and whether
constructed of concrete, masonry, wood, metal, plastic or any other suitable building
material which is not part of the structural support of the building and which is designed to
break away under abnormally high tides or wave action without causing any damage to the
structural integrity of the building on which they are used or any buildings to which they
might be carried by floodwaters. A breakaway wall shall have a safe design loading
resistance of not less than ten and no more than twenty pounds per square foot. Use of
breakaway walls must be certified by a registered engineer or architect and shall meet the
following conditions:
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(A) Breakaway wall collapse shall result from a water load less than that which would
occur during the base flood; and
(B) The elevated portion of the building shall not incur any structural damage due to the
effects of wind and water loads acting simultaneously in the event of the base flood.
(8) "Coastal high hazard area" is the area subject to high velocity waters, including
coastal and tidal and inundation or tsunamis. The area is designated on the Flood Insurance
Rate Map as Zone V1 - V30, VE or V.
(9) “Design Flood Elevation (DFE) elevation of the design flood, including wave height,
relative to the datum specified on the community’s flood hazard map.
(10) "Development" means any man-made change to improved or unimproved real
estate, including but not limited to buildings or other structures, mining, dredging, filling,
grading, paving, excavation or drilling operations or bulk storage of equipment or materials.
(11) “Dry Floodproofing” a combination of measures that results in a structure, including the
attendant utilities and equipment, being watertight with all elements substantially impermeable
and with structural components having the capacity to resist flood loads.
(12) "Flood" or "Flooding" means a general and temporary condition of partial or
complete inundation of normally dry land areas from (A) the overflow of floodwaters, (B)
the unusual and rapid accumulation or runoff of surface waters from any source, and/or (C)
the collapse or subsidence of land along the shore of a lake or other body of water as a
result of erosion or undermining caused by waves or currents of water exceeding
anticipated cyclical levels or suddenly caused by an unusually high water level in a natural
body of water, accompanied by a severe storm, or by an unanticipated force of nature, such
as flash flood or an abnormal tidal surge, or by some similarly unusual and unforeseeable
event which results in flooding.
(13) "Flood Boundary and Floodway Map" means the official map on which the Federal
Emergency Management Agency or Federal Insurance Administration has delineated both
the areas of flood hazard and the floodway.
(14) “Flood Control Project” means a dam or barrier design and constructed to keep water
away from or out of a specific area, including but not limited to levees, floodwalls and
channelization.
(15) "Flood Insurance Rate Map" means the official map on which the Federal Emergency
Management Agency or Federal Insurance Administration has delineated both the areas of
special flood hazard and the risk premium zones applicable to the community.
(16) "Flood Insurance Study" means the official report provided by the Federal Insurance
Administration that includes flood profiles, the Flood Insurance Rate Map, the Flood
Boundary and Floodway Map, and the water surface elevation of the base flood.
(17) "Floodplain" or "flood-prone area" means any land area susceptible to being
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inundated by water from any flood.
(18) "Floodplain management" means the operation of an overall program of corrective
and preventive measures for reducing flood damage, including but not limited to
emergency preparedness plans, flood control works and floodplain management
regulations.
(19) "Floodplain management regulations" means zoning ordinances, subdivision
regulations, building codes, health regulations, special purpose ordinances (such as
floodplain ordinance, grading ordinance and erosion control ordinance) and other
applications of police power. The term describes such State of California or local regulations
in any combination thereof, which provide standards for the purpose of flood damage
prevention and reduction.
(20) "Floodproofing" means any combination of structural and nonstructural additions,
changes or adjustments to non-residential structures which reduce or eliminate flood
damage to real estate or improved real property, water and sanitary facilities, structures
and their contents.
(21) "Floodway" or "regulatory floodway" means the channel of a river or other
watercourse and the adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge the
base flood without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than one foot.
(22) "Functionally dependent use" means a use which has an intended purpose that
cannot be performed, unless it is located or carried out in close proximity to water. The
term includes only docking facilities, port facilities that are necessary for the loading and
unloading of cargo or passengers, and shipbuilding and ship repair facilities, but does not
include long-term storage or related manufacturing facilities.
(23) "Highest adjacent grade" means the highest natural elevation of the ground surface
prior to construction next to the proposed walls foundation of a structure.
(24) "Historic structure" means any structure that is listed individually in the National
Register of Historic Places or in the State of California Register of Historical Resources or
any structure that is listed individually in the current edition of the Palo Alto Master List of
Structures on the Historic Inventory in Category 1 "Exceptional Building" or Category 2
"Major Building" or any structure that has been certified by the Keeper of the National
Register as contributing to the historical significance of a registered historic district.
(25) “Hydrodynamic Loads” loads imposed on an object by water flowing against and
around it.
(26) “Hydrostatic Loads” loads imposed on an object by standing mass of water.
(27) “Letter of map change (LOMC)” means an official determination issued by FEMA that
amends or revises an effective Flood Insurance Rate Map or Flood Insurance Study through a
Letter of Map Amendment (LOMA), Letter of Map Revision (LOMR) or Letter of Map Revision
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based on fill (LOMR-F).
(A) “Letter of Map Amendment (LOMA)”: An amendment based on technical data
showing the property was incorrectly included in a designated special flood
hazard area. A LOMA amends the current effective Flood Insurance Rate Map
and establishes that a specific property, portion of a property, or structure is not
located in a special flood hazard area.
(B) “Letter of Map Revision (LOMR)”: A revision based on technical data that may
show changes to flood zones, flood elevations, special flood hazard area
boundaries and floodway delineations, and other planimetric features.
(C) “Letter of Map Revision (LOMR-F)”: A determination that a structure or parcel of
land has been elevated by fill above the base flood elevation and is, therefore,
no longer located within the special flood hazard area. In order to qualify for this
determination, the fill must have been permitted and placed in accordance with
the community’s floodplain management regulation.
(D) “Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR)”: A formal review and comment as
to whether a proposed flood protection project or other project complies with
the minimum NFIP requirements for such projects with respect to delineation of
special flood hazard area. A CLOMR does not revise the effective Flood Insurance
Rate Map or Flood Insurance Study, upon submission and approval of certified
as-built documentation, a Letter of Map Revision may be issued by FEMA to
revise the effective FIRM.
(28) "Lowest floor" means the lowest floor of the lowest enclosed area, including
basement.
(A) An unfinished or flood resistant enclosure below the lowest floor that is
usable solely for the parking of vehicles, building access or storage in an area
other than a basement area is not considered a building's lowest floor,
provided that it conforms to the applicable non-elevation design
requirements, including but not limited to:
(i) The standard set forth in subdivision (3) of subsection (c) of Section
16.52.130;
(ii) The anchoring standards set forth in subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of
Section 16.52.130;
(iii) The construction materials and methods standards set forth in
subsection (b) of Section 16.52.130; and
(iv) The standards for utilities set forth in Section 16.52.140.
(B) For residential structures, all subgrade enclosed areas are prohibited as they are
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considered to be basements. This prohibition includes below-grade garages, storage
areas and subfloor crawl spaces, except existing below-grade subfloor crawl spaces
meeting the standards set forth in subsection (d) of Section 16.52.130.
(29) "Manufactured home" means a structure, transportable in one or more sections,
which is built on a permanent chassis and is designed for use with or without a permanent
foundation when it is attached to the required utilities. The term does not include a
recreational vehicle.
(30) "Manufactured home park or subdivision" means a parcel (or contiguous parcels) of
land divided into two or more manufactured home lots for sale or rent.
(31) "Market value of the structure" means that value of a structure determined by
estimating the cost to replace the structure in a new condition and adjusting that cost
figure by the amount of depreciation which has accrued since the structure was
constructed. The cost of replacement of the structure shall be based on a square foot cost
factor determined by reference to a building cost estimating guide recognized by the
building construction industry, as approved by the floodplain administrator. The amount
of depreciation shall be determined by taking into account the age and physical
deterioration of the structure and functional obsolescence, as approved by the floodplain
administrator, but shall not include economic or other forms of external obsolescence.
The use of replacement costs or accrued depreciation factors different from those
contained in recognized building cost estimating guides may be approved at the
discretion of the floodplain administrator only if such factors are included in a report
prepared by an independent professional appraiser and supported by a written
explanation of the differences.
(32) "Mean sea level" means, for purposes of the National Flood Insurance Program, the
National Geodetic Vertical Datum (NGVD) of 1929 or other datum, to which base flood
elevations shown on a community's Flood Insurance Rate Map are referenced.
(33) "New construction," for floodplain management purposes, means structures for
which the "start of construction" commenced on or after the effective date of floodplain
management regulations adopted by this community, and includes any subsequent
improvements to such structures.
(34) "Person" means an individual or his agent, firm, partnership, association or
corporation, or agent of the aforementioned groups, or the State of California or its
agencies or political subdivisions.
(35) "Recreational vehicle" means a vehicle which:
(A) Is built on a single chassis;
(B) Measures 400 square feet or less at its largest or widest horizontal
projection;
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(C) Is designed to be self-propelled or permanently towable by a small truck;
(D) Is designed primarily not for use as a permanent dwelling but as
temporary living quarters for recreational, seasonal use camping or travel;
and
(E) Incorporates a vehicle that is defined by the State of California as a camp
trailer, camper, fifth-wheel travel trailer, or house car.
(36) "Remedy a violation" means to bring the structure or other development into
compliance with the State of California or local floodplain management regulations, or, if
this is not possible, to reduce the impacts of its noncompliance. Ways that impacts may
be reduced include protecting the structure or other affected development from flood
damages, implementing the enforcement provisions of this chapter or otherwise
deterring future similar violations, or reducing federal or State of California financial
exposure with regard to the structure or other development.
(37) "Riverine" means relating to, formed by, or resembling a river (including tributaries),
stream, or brook.
(38) "Sand dunes" means naturally occurring accumulations of sand in ridges or mounds
landward of the beach.
(39) "Special flood hazard area (SFHA)" means an area having special flood or flood-
related erosion hazards, and shown on the Flood Insurance Rate Map as Zone A, AO, Al -
A30, AE, AH, V1 - V30, VE or V.
(40) "Start of construction" includes substantial improvement and other proposed new
development, and means the date on which the building permit was issued, provided the
actual start of construction, repair, reconstruction, rehabilitation, addition, placement, or
other improvement commenced within 180 days from the date of issuance of the permit.
The actual start means either the first placement of permanent construction of a
structure on a site, such as the pouring of slab or footings, the installation of piles, the
construction of columns, or any work beyond the stage of excavation; or the placement
of a manufactured home on a foundation. Permanent construction does not include land
preparation, such as clearing, grading and filling; nor does it include the installation of
streets and/or walkways; nor does it include excavation for a basement, footings, piers,
or foundations or the erection of temporary forms; nor does it include the installation on
the property of accessory buildings, such as garages or sheds not occupied as dwelling
units or not part of the main structure. For a substantial improvement, the actual start of
construction means the first alteration of any wall, ceiling, floor, or other part of a
structure, whether or not that alteration affects the external dimensions of the structure.
(41) "Structure" means a walled and roofed building, including but not limited to a gas
or liquid storage tank, that is principally above ground, as well as a manufactured home.
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(42) "Substantial damage" means damage of any origin sustained by a structure,
whereby the cost of restoring the structure to its original damage-free condition would
equal or exceed fifty percent of the market value of the structure before the damage
occurred.
(43) "Substantial improvement" means any reconstruction, rehabilitation, addition, or
other proposed new development of a structure, the cost of which equals or exceeds fifty
percent of the market value of the structure before the start of construction of the
improvement. This term includes a structure which has incurred substantial damage,
regardless of the actual repair work to be performed.
The term shall not include:
(A) Any project, or any portion of a project, for improvement of a structure
undertaken in response to a finding by the local code enforcement official
that there are existing violations of State of California or local health, sanitary,
or safety code specifications which render the structure unfit for human
occupancy; or
(B) Any alteration of an historic structure, provided that the alteration will
not result in the termination of a structure's continued designation as an
historic structure; or
(C) Any project, or any portion of a project, for improvement of a structure
that is required to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
(42 U.S.C. Section 12101 et.seq.).
(44) "Variance" means a grant of relief from the requirements of this chapter which
permits construction in a manner that would otherwise be prohibited by this chapter.
(45) "Violation" means the failure of a structure or other development to be fully
compliant with the community's floodplain management regulations. A structure or other
development without the elevation certificate, other certifications, or other evidence of
compliance required in this chapter is presumed to be in violation until such time as that
documentation is provided.
(46) “Wet Floodproofing” Floodproofing method that relies on the use of flood damage-
resistant materials and construction techniques in areas of a structure that are below the
elevation required by this standard by intentionally allowing those areas to flood.
SECTION 4. Section 16.52.075 (Requirement to submit new technical data.) of Chapter 16.52
(Flood Hazard Regulations) of Title 16 (Building) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is added to
read as follows:
16.52.075 Requirement to submit new technical data
A community's base flood elevations may increase or decrease resulting from physical changes
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affecting flooding conditions. As soon as practicable, but not later than six months after the
date such information becomes available, the City shall notify FEMA of the changes by
submitting technical or scientific data. Such submission is necessary so that, upon confirmation
of those physical changes affecting flooding conditions, risk premium rates and flood plain
management requirements will be based upon current data.
SECTION 5. Section 16.52.110 (Development permit required) of Chapter 16.52 (Flood Hazard
Regulations) of Title 16 (Building) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is amended to read as follows
(ellipses indicate existing language that is unchanged but omitted for brevity):
16.52.110 Development permit required.
[. . .]
(b) The foundation design details, including but not limited to:
(1) The proposed elevation in relation to mean sea level, of the lowest floor, including
basement, of all structures;
(2) For a crawl-space foundation, the location and total net area of foundation
openings as required in this ordinance and applicable Federal Emergency Management
Agency technical bulletins, including but not limited to, TB 1-93 and TB 7-93; and
(3) For foundations placed on fill, the location and height of the fill, and compaction
requirements (compacted to ninety-five percent using the Standard Proctor Test
method);
(c) Proposed elevation in relation to mean sea level to which any nonresidential
structure will be floodproofed, as required in subdivision (3) of subsection (c) of
Section 16.52.130 and applicable Federal Emergency Management Agency tTechnical
bulletinsBulletins, including but not limited to TB 3-93;
[. . .]
SECTION 6. Section 16.52.130 (Standards of Construction) of Chapter 16.52 (Flood Hazard
Regulations) of Title 16 (Building) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is amended to read as follows
(additions underlined, deletions struck through, and omissions of unchanged language noted
by [. . .]):
16.52.130 Standards of construction.
In all areas of special flood hazards the following standards are required:
[. . .]
(c) Elevation and Floodproofing.
(1) In residential new construction and substantial improvement of any residential
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structure, the lowest floor, including basement:
(A) In an AO zone, shall be elevated above the highest adjacent grade to a height above
the highest adjacent grade of not less than to height equal to or exceeding the depth
number specified in feet on the Flood Insurance Rate Map plus 1 foot, or not less
elevated at least two than 3 feet above the highest adjacent grade if no depth number
is specified;
(B) In an A zone, shall be elevated at least one foot two feet above the highest adjacent
grade if no depth number is specified or one foot above the base flood elevation,
whichever is higher; or
(C) In all other zones, including Coastal A zones shall be elevated at least one foot
above to or above the base flood elevation.
(D) Basement floors that are below grade on all sides shall be elevated to or above base
flood elevation plus 1 foot, or design flood elevation, whichever is higher.
(E ) Garages and carport floors shall comply with one of the following:
(i) They shall be elevated to or above the elevations required above in (A), (B) and (C)
or
(ii) They shall be at or above grade on all but one side of the structure and allow the
automatic flow of floodwater into and out of the garage or carport. Where a garage or
carport shall solely be used parking, building access or storage.
Upon the completion of the structure, the elevation of the lowest floor, including
basement, shall be certified by a registered professional engineer or surveyor, and
verified by a community official to be properly elevated. Such certification and
verification shall be provided to the floodplain administrator.
(2) Nonresidential new construction and any substantially improved nonresidential
structure shall either be elevated to conform with subdivision (1) of this subsection (C
) or, together with attendant utility and sanitary facilities:
(A) Shall be floodproofed below the minimum elevation required in subdivision (1)
above so that the structure is watertight with walls substantially impermeable to the
passage of water;
(B) Shall possess structural components capable of resisting hydrostatic and
hydrodynamic loads and effects of buoyancy; and
(C) Shall be certified by a registered professional engineer that the standards of this
subdivision are satisfied. The certification shall be provided to the floodplain
administrator.
(D) Shall provide a flood emergency plan that includes maintenance and operation
requirements. The plan shall be approved by the floodplain administrator. Plans shall
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be recorded as a covenant.
(3) All new construction and substantially improved structures, with fully enclosed
areas below the lowest floor (excluding basements) that are usable solely for the
parking of vehicles, building access or storage, and which are subject to flooding shall
be designed to automatically equalize hydrostatic flood forces on exterior walls by
allowing for the entry and exit of floodwaters. Designs for meeting this requirement
shall comply with the California Building Code guidelines set forth in the applicable
Federal Emergency Management Agency technical bulletins, including but not limited
to TB 1-93 and TB 7-93 and shall meet or exceed the following minimum criteria:
(A) Possess a minimum of two openings on different sides of each enclosed area. If a
building has more than one enclosed area, each area shall have openings with the total
net area of nonengineered openings of not less than one square inch for every square
foot of enclosed area, subject to flooding where the enclosed area is measured on the
exterior of the enclosure walls. The bottom of all openings shall be no higher than one
foot above grade the higher of the final interior grade or floor and the finished exterior
grade immediately under each opening. Openings may be equipped with screens,
louvers, valves or other coverings or devices provided that they permit the automatic
entry and exit of floodwaters into and out of the enclosed areas and shall be accounted
for in the determination of the net open area; or
(B) Be certified by a registered professional engineer or architect. Construction
documents shall include a statement by a registered design professional that the design
of the openings will provide for equalization of hydrostatic flood forces on exterior walls
by allowing for the automatic entry and exit of floodwaters as specified on Section
2.7.2.2 of ASCE 24.
(C) Openings shall be not less than 3 inches in any direction in the plane of the wall.
(D) Openings shall be permitted to be installed in doors and windows; doors and
windows without installed openings do not meet the requirement of this section.
(4) Manufactured homes shall also meet the standard in Section 16.52.160.
(d) Existing Residential Below Grade Subfloor Crawl Spaces. Notwithstanding the
provisions of subsection (c)(1) for existing residential structures, existing below-grade
subfloor crawl spaces shall be allowed to remain beneath substantially improved
structures provided all other standards of construction set forth in Section 16.52.130
and the following conditions are met:
(1) The lowest floor of the living space of the existing structure is at at or above the
elevation required under subsection (c) above;
(2) The below-grade crawl space shall be backfilled to the maximum extent possible
without violating Uniform Building Code requirements for minimum crawl space height;
(3) The crawl space grade is not more than two feet below the lowest adjacent grade
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outside the foundation;
(4) The height of the crawl space, measured from the interior grade of the crawl space
to the top of the foundation wall, does not exceed four feet;
(5) There is an adequate drainage system capable of removing floodwaters from the
interior area of the crawl space within seventy-two hours after the flood event; and
(6) The expected velocity of the floodwaters at the site does not exceed five feet per
second.
(e) Prohibition of Residential Basement Construction.
(1) For residential structures located within a Special Flood Hazard Area:
(A) No new basements shall be constructed; and
(B) No existing basements shall be expanded.
SECTION 7. Section 16.52.160 (Standards of manufactured homes) of Chapter 16.52 (Flood
Hazard Regulations) of Title 16 (Building) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is amended to read as
follows (additions underlined and deletions struck through):
16.52.160 Standards for manufactured homes.
All new and replacement manufactured homes and additions to manufactured homes
on foundations in flood hazard areas or coastal high-hazard areas shall:
(a) Be elevated so that the lowest floor is at or above the based flood elevation
elevation meets requirements specified in sections 16.52.130 and 16.52.180 as
applicable; and
(b) Be securely anchored to a permanent foundation system to resist flotation,
collapse or lateral movement in accordance with ASCE 24.
SECTION 8. Section 16.52.180 (Coastal high hazard areas) of Chapter 16.52 (Flood Hazard
Regulations) of Title 16 (Building) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is amended to read as
follows (additions underlined, deletions struck through, and omissions of unchanged
language noted by [. . .]):
16.52.180 Coastal high hazard areas.
Within coastal high hazard areas established in Section 16.52.060 the following
standards shall apply:
(a) All new construction and substantial improvements shall be elevated on
adequately anchored pilings or columns and securely anchored to such pilings or
columns so that the lowest horizontal portion of the structural members of the lowest
floor (excluding the pilings, columns, grade beams and bracing) is elevated to or above
the base flood elevation plus 1 foot or design flood elevation, whichever is higher. Wind
25
0160093_20221013_ay16
NOT YET APPROVED
loading values used shall be those required by applicable state or local building
standards.
(b) All new construction and other development shall be located on the landward side
of the reach of mean high tide.
[. . .]
SECTION 9. The Council finds that this project is exempt from the provisions of the California
Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”), pursuant to Section 15061 of the CEQA Guidelines,
because it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the amendments herein
adopted will have a significant effect on the environment.
SECTION 10. This ordinance shall be effective on the thirty-first day after the date of its adoption.
INTRODUCED:
PASSED:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTENTIONS:
ATTEST:
____________________________ ____________________________
City Clerk Mayor
APPROVED AS TO FORM: APPROVED:
____________________________ ____________________________
Assistant City Attorney City Manager
____________________________
Director of Planning and
Development Services
____________________________
Director of Administrative Services
Exhibit A
FINDINGS FOR LOCAL AMENDMENTS
TO CALIFORNIA RESIDENTIAL CODE (CRC)
Section 17958 of the California Health and Safety Code provides that the City may make changes
to the provisions of the California Building Standards Code. Sections 17958.5 and 17958.7 of the
Health and Safety Code require that for each proposed local change to those provisions of the
California Building Standards Code which regulate buildings used for human habitation, the City
Council must make findings supporting its determination that each such local change is
reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions.
Code: CRC
Section Title Add Deleted Amended Justification
(See below for keys)
R202 Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area
T
R202
Superficial floor area
A, G
Table R301.2 Climatic and Geographic Design
Criteria
C, G, T
R301.2.2.6 Irregular Buildings G
R304.4
Dwelling unit and congregate
residence
A, G
R310 Emergency Escape and Rescue
Openings
C, T
R310.4.2.3 Window Well Fall Protection T
R 310.4.1 Security Bars T
R313.1.1 Design and installation T
R 313.2 One and Two Family Dwellings Automatic Spr. Syst.
T
R313.2.1 Design and installation T
R313.2.2 NFPA 13D sprinkler increase in design requirements
T
R313.3 Dwelling unit fire sprinkler systems T
R 314.1 Smoke Detection and Notification C, T
R314.1.1 Smoke alarms or detector end of life replacement
T
315.7.5 Carbon monoxide alarms T
R 319.1 Address Identification T
R 322.1 Flood Hazard Regulations T
R 327.1.5 Vegetation Management Compliance
T
R401 General T, G
R402.2.1 Materials for concrete E
R403, R403.1.2,
R403.1.3,
R403.1.3.1,
R403.1.3.2
Foundation G, T
R 403.1.8 Foundation on expansive Soils G, T
R404.1.3 Concrete foundation walls E
R 504.3.1 Projections exposed to weather G, T
R506.1 Concrete Floors on ground E
R602.10.4.5 Limits on methods GB and PCP G
Table R602.10.3(3) Bracing Requirements Based on Seismic Design Category
G
R608.5 Materials E
R 703.8.5.1 Flashing Locations T
R902.1.4 Roofing Requirements in Wildland-
Urban Interface Fire Area
T
R1003.9.2.1 Repairs, Replacements and
Alterations
T
Appendix AH Patio Covers C
Appendix AJ Existing Building and Structures C, T
Appendix AK Sound Transmission C
Appendix AX Swimming Pool Safety Act C, G
AJ103, AJ103.1 Preliminary Meeting, General C, G
Key to Justification for Amendments to Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations
A This is an administrative amendment to clarify and establish civil and administrative procedures, regulations,
or rules to enforce and administer the activities by the Palo Alto Building Inspection Department. These
administrative amendments do not need to meet HSC 18941.5/17958/13869 per HSC 18909(c). E Green building enhances the public health and welfare by promoting the environmental and economic health of the City through the design, construction, maintenance, operation and deconstruction of buildings and sites by incorporating green practices into all development. The green provisions in this Chapter are designed to achieve the following goals: (a) Increase energy efficiency in buildings;
(b) Increase water and resource conservation;
(c) Reduce waste generated by construction and demolition projects;
(d) Provide durable buildings that are efficient and economical to own and operate; (e) Promote the health and productivity of residents, workers, and visitors to the city; (f) Recognize and conserve the energy embodied in existing buildings;
(g) Encourage alternative transportation; and
(h) Reduce disturbance of natural ecosystems.
C This amendment is justified on the basis of a local climatic condition. The seasonal climatic
conditions during the late summer and fall create severe fire hazards to the public health
and welfare in the City. The hot, dry weather frequently results in wild land fires on the
brush covered slopes west of Interstate 280. The aforementioned conditions combined
with the geological characteristics of the hills within the City create hazardous conditions
for which departure from California Building Standards Code is required.
G This amendment is justified on the basis of a local geological condition. The City of Palo
Alto is subject to earthquake hazard caused by its proximity to San Andreas fault. This
fault runs from Hollister, through the Santa Cruz Mountains, epicenter of the 1989 Loma
Prieta earthquake, then on up the San Francisco Peninsula, then offshore at Daly City near
Mussel Rock. This is the approximate location of the epicenter of the 1906 San Francisco
earthquake. The other fault is Hayward Fault. This fault is about 74 mi long, situated
mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay. Both of
these faults are considered major Northern California earthquake faults which may
experience rupture at any time. Thus, because the City is within a seismic area which
includes these earthquake faults, the modifications and changes cited herein are designed
to better limit property damage as a result of seismic activity and to establish criteria for
repair of damaged properties following a local emergency.
T The City of Palo Alto topography includes hillsides with narrow and winding access, which
makes timely response by fire suppression vehicles difficult. Palo Alto is contiguous with the
San Francisco Bay, resulting in a natural receptor for storm and waste water run-off. Also
the City of Palo Alto is located in an area that is potentially susceptible to liquefaction
during a major earthquake. The surface condition consists mostly of stiff to dense sandy
clay, which is highly plastic and expansive in nature. The aforementioned conditions within
the City create hazardous conditions for which departure from California Building Standards
Code is warranted.
NOT YET APPROVED
1
0160092_20221013_ay13
Ordinance No. ___
Ordinance of the Council of the City of Palo Alto Repealing Chapter 16.08 of the
Palo Alto Municipal Code and Amending Title 16 to Adopt a New Chapter 16.08,
California Plumbing Code, 2022 Edition, and Local Amendments and Related
Findings
The Council of the City of Palo Alto does ORDAIN as follows:
SECTION 1. Chapter 16.08 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is hereby amended by repealing in its
entirety 16.08 and adopting a new Chapter 16.08 to read as follows:
16.08 CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE, TITLE 24, PART 5
16.08.010 2022 California Plumbing Code, Title 24, Part 5 adopted.
The California Plumbing Code, 2022 Edition, Title 24, Part 5 of the California Code of Regulations
together with those omissions, amendments, exceptions and additions thereto, is adopted and
hereby incorporated in this Chapter by reference and made a part hereof the same as if fully set
forth herein.
Unless superseded and expressly repealed, references in City of Palo Alto forms, documents and
regulations to the chapters and sections of the former editions of the California Code of Regulations,
Title 24, shall be construed to apply to the corresponding provisions contained within the California
Code of Regulations, Title 24, 2022. Ordinance No. 5480 of the City of Palo Alto and all other
ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby suspended and expressly repealed.
Wherever the phrases "California Plumbing Code" or "Plumbing Code" are used in this code or
any ordinance of the City, such phrases shall be deemed and construed to refer and apply to the
California Plumbing Code, 2022 Edition, Title 24, Part 4 of the California Code of Regulations, as
adopted by this Chapter.
One copy of the California Plumbing Code, 2022 edition, has been filed for use and examination of
the public in the Office of the Building Official of the City of Palo Alto.
16.08.020 Cross - References to California Plumbing Code.
The provisions of this Chapter contain cross-references to the provisions of the California
Mechanical Code, 2022 Edition, in order to facilitate reference and comparison to those
provisions.
16.08.030 Local Amendments
The provisions of this Chapter shall constitute local amendments to the cross-referenced provisions
NOT YET APPROVED
2
0160092_20221013_ay13
of the California Plumbing Code, 2022 Edition, and shall be deemed to replace the cross- referenced
sections of said Code with the respective provisions set forth in this Chapter. Where used in this
Chapter 16.04, ellipses shall indicate text of the California Building Code, 2022 Edition, that has
been adopted without amendment but is omitted for brevity.
16.08.040 Administration & Enforcement of 2022 California Plumbing Code
Administration and enforcement of this code shall be governed by Chapter 1, Division II of the
2022 California Building Code as amended by Palo Alto Municipal Code Chapter 16.04.
16.08.050 Adoption of Chapter 1, Division II Administration
Chapter 1, Division II Administration of the 2022 California Plumbing Code is adopted by the City
of Palo Alto to supplement, to the extent it does not conflict with, Chapter 1, Division II of the
2022 California Building Code as amended.
16.08.060 Section 102.8 Appendices.
The following Appendix Chapters of the California Plumbing Code, 2022 Edition, are adopted and
hereby incorporated in this Chapter by reference and made a part hereof the same as if fully set
forth herein:
A. Appendix A – Recommended rules for sizing the water supply system
B. Appendix D – Sizing storm water drainage systems
16.08.070 Section 306.3 Palo Alto sewer use.
Section 306.3 of Chapter 3 of the California Plumbing Code is added to read:
306.3 Palo Alto sewer use. All non-domestic waste shall comply with the City of Palo Alto Sewer Use
Ordinance (Palo Alto Municipal Code Chapter 16.09). Where discrepancies exist between the
requirements of this code and said ordinance, the provisions of said ordinance shall apply.
16.08.080 Section 701.2, (4) Drainage piping.
Subdivsion (4) of Section 701.2 of Chapter 7 of the California Plumbing Code is amended to
read:
701.2 Drainage Piping
Materials for drainage piping shall be in accordance with one of the referenced standards in
Table 701.2 except that:
[. . .]
(4) Copper, copper alloys, lead and lead alloys, including brass, shall not be used for
building sanitary drainage lines, connectors or seals coming in contact with sewage except
for domestic waste sink traps and short lengths of associated connecting pipes where
alternate materials are impracticable.
NOT YET APPROVED
3
0160092_20221013_ay13
Where permitted by the building official or their designee, copper tube for drainage piping
shall have a weight of not less than that of copper drainage tube type DWV.
[. . .]
16.08.090 Section 719.7 Cleanouts.
Section 719.7 of Chapter 7 of the California Plumbing Code is added to read:
719.7 Cleanouts. A cleanout shall be provided at the point of connection between the
building sewer and the city lateral and an approved fitting shall be used to bring the
cleanout riser to grade. Where sewer cleanouts are to be connected to existing city
laterals, such connections shall be accomplished by use of a City of Palo Alto Utility
approved fitting.
16.08.100 Section 808.2 Single pass cooling water systems prohibited.
Section 808.2 of Chapter 8 of the California Plumbing Code is added to read:
808.2 Single pass cooling water systems prohibited. Clean running water used exclusively
as a cooling medium in an appliance, device, or apparatus is prohibited. Refer to PAMC
16.14.350 for additional CALGreen measures.
16.08.110 Section 1014.1.3 Food waste disposal units and dishwashers.
Section 1014.1.3 of Chapter 10 of the California Plumbing Code is amended to read:
1014.1.3 Food waste disposal units and dishwashers. Unless specifically required or
permitted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction, no dishwasher shall be connected to or
discharge into any grease interceptor. Commercial Food Waste Disposal Units are prohibited.
16.08.120 Section 1101.4 Material use.
Section 1101.4 of Chapter 11 of the California Plumbing Code is amended to read:
1101.4 Material use. Pipe, tube, and fittings conveying rainwater shall be of such
materials and design as to perform their intended function to the satisfaction of
the Authority Having Jurisdiction. Conductors within a vent or shaft shall be of cast-iron,
galvanized steel, wrought iron, Schedule 40 ABS DWV, Schedule 40 PVC DWV, stainless
steel 304 or 316L [stainless steel 304 pipe and fittings shall not be installed underground
and shall be kept not less than 6 inches (152 mm) aboveground], or
other approved materials, and changes in direction shall be in accordance with the
requirements of Section 706.0. ABS and PVC DWV piping installations shall be installed in
accordance with applicable standards referenced in Chapter 17 and the firestop
protection requirements in the California Building Code. Except for individual single-
family dwelling units, materials exposed within ducts or plenums shall have a flame-
NOT YET APPROVED
4
0160092_20221013_ay13
spread index of not more than 25 and a smoke-developed index of not more than 50,
where tested in accordance with ASTM E84 or UL 723. Plastic piping installed in plenums
shall be tested in accordance with all requirements of ASTM E84 or UL 723. Mounting
methods, supports and sample sizes of materials for testing that are not specified in ASTM
E84 or UL 723 shall be prohibited.
[HCD 1 & HCD 2] ABS or PVC installations are limited to not more than two stories of areas
of residential accommodation.
[OSHPD 1, 2, 3 & 4] ABS and PVC installations are not allowed.
16.08.130 Section 1101.4.1 Copper and copper alloys.
Section 1101.4.1 of Chapter 11 of the California Plumbing Code is amended to read:
1101.4.1 Copper and copper alloys. Joints and connections in copper and copper
alloy pipe and tube is prohibited.
16.08.140 Section 1101.4.2 Conductors.
Section 1101.4.2 of Chapter 11 of the California Plumbing Code is amended to read:
1101.4.2 Conductors. Conductors installed aboveground in buildings shall comply with the
applicable standards referenced in Table 701.2 for aboveground drain, waste, and vent
pipe. Conductors installed aboveground level shall be of Schedule 40 copper pipe or
Schedule 40 copper alloy pipe; service weight cast-iron soil pipe or hubless cast-iron soil
pipe; standard weight galvanized steel pipe; stainless steel 304 or 316L [stainless steel
304 pipe and fittings shall not be installed underground and shall be kept not less than 6
inches (152 mm) aboveground], or Schedule 40 ABS or Schedule 40 PVC plastic pipe.
16.08.150 Section 1101.4.3 Leaders.
Section 1101.4.3 of Chapter 11 of the California Plumbing Code is amended to read:
1101.4.3 Leaders. Leaders installed outside shall be in accordance with the applicable
standards referenced in Table 701.2 for aboveground drain, waste, and vent pipe; aluminum
sheet metal; or galvanized steel sheet metal.
16.08.160 Section 1102.1 Applications.
Section 1102.1 of Chapter 11 of the California Plumbing Code is amended to read:
1102.1 Applications. Roof drains shall be constructed of aluminum, cast-iron, stainless steel,
ABS, PVC, polypropylene, polyethylene, or nylon and shall comply with ASME A112.3.1 or
ASME A112.6.4.
//
NOT YET APPROVED
5
0160092_20221013_ay13
SECTION 2. The Council adopts the findings for local amendments to the California Plumbing
Code, 2022 Edition, attached hereto as Exhibit “A” and incorporated herein by reference.
SECTION 3. The Council finds that this project is exempt from the provisions of the California
Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”), pursuant to Section 15061 of the CEQA Guidelines, because
it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the amendments herein adopted will
have a significant effect on the environment.
SECTION 4. This Ordinance shall be effective on the thirty-first day after the date of its adoption.
INTRODUCED:
PASSED:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTENTIONS:
ATTEST:
____________________________ ____________________________
City Clerk Mayor
APPROVED AS TO FORM: APPROVED:
____________________________ ____________________________
Assistant City Attorney City Manager
____________________________
Director of Planning and
Development Services
____________________________
Director of Administrative Services
NOT YET APPROVED
6
0160092_20221013_ay13
Exhibit A
FINDINGS FOR LOCAL AMENDMENTS TO CALIFORNIA PLUMBING CODE,
TITLE 24, PART 5
Section 17958 of the California Health and Safety Code provides that the City may make changes
to the provisions of the California Building Standards Code. Sections 17958.5 and 17958.7 of the
Health and Safety Code require that for each proposed local change to those provisions of the
California Building Standards Code which regulate buildings used for human habitation, the City
Council must make findings supporting its determination that each such local change is reasonably
necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions.
Local building regulations having the effect of amending the uniform codes, which were adopted
by the City prior to November 23, 1970, were unaffected by the regulations of Sections 17958,
17958.5 and 17958.7 of the Health and Safety Code. Therefore, amendments to the uniform
codes which were adopted by the City Council prior to November 23, 1970 and have been carried
through from year to year without significant change, need no required findings. Also,
amendments to provisions not regulating buildings used for human habitation do not require
findings.
Code: California Plumbing Code, Title, 24, Part 5
Chapter(s),
Sections(s),
Appendices
Title Added Amended Replaced Justification
(See below
for keys)
Ch. 1, Div. II ADMINSTRATION A
Administration and Enforcement A
306.3 Palo Alto sewer use C
701.2 (4) Drainage piping C
719.7 Cleanouts C
808.2 Single pass cooling water systems
prohibited
C
1014.1.3 Food waste disposal units and dishwashers C
1101.4 Material use C
1101.4.1 Copper and copper alloys C
1101.4.2 Conductors C
1101.4.3 Leaders C
1102.1 Applications C
Appx. A Recommended rules for sizing the water
supply system
A
Appx. D Sizing storm water drainage systems A
NOT YET APPROVED
7
0160092_20221013_ay13
Key to Justification for Amendments to Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations
A This is an administrative amendment to clarify and establish civil and administrative
procedures, regulations, or rules to enforce and administer the activities by the Palo Alto Building
Inspection Department. These administrative amendments do not need to meet HSC
18941.5/17958/13869 per HSC 18909(c).
C This amendment is justified based on a local climatic condition. The seasonal climatic
conditions during the late summer and fall create severe fire hazards to the public health and
welfare in the City. The hot, dry weather frequently results in wild land fires on the brush covered
slopes west of Interstate 280. The aforementioned conditions combined with the geological
characteristics of the hills within the City create hazardous conditions for which departure from
California Building Standards Code is required.
G This amendment is justified based on a local geological condition. The City of Palo Alto is
subject to earthquake hazard caused by its proximity to San Andreas fault. This fault runs from
Hollister, through the Santa Cruz Mountains, epicenter of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, then
on up the San Francisco Peninsula, then offshore at Daly City near Mussel Rock. This is the
approximate location of the epicenter of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The other fault is
Hayward Fault. This fault is about 74 mi long, situated mainly along the western base of the hills
on the east side of San Francisco Bay. Both faults are considered major Northern California
earthquake faults which may experience rupture at any time. Thus, because the City is within a
seismic area which includes these earthquake faults, the modifications and changes cited herein
are designed to better limit property damage as a result of seismic activity and to establish
criteria for repair of damaged properties following a local emergency.
T The City of Palo Alto topography includes hillsides with narrow and winding access, which
makes timely response by fire suppression and emergency response vehicles difficult. Palo Alto
is contiguous with the San Francisco Bay, resulting in a natural receptor for storm and wastewater
run-off. Also, the City of Palo Alto is located in an area that is potentially susceptible to
liquefaction during a major earthquake. The surface condition consists mostly of stiff to dense
sandy clay, which is highly plastic and expansive in nature. The aforementioned conditions within
the City create hazardous conditions for which departure from California Building Standards Code
is warranted.
Not Yet Adopted
1
0160088_20221013_ay16
Ordinance No. _____
Ordinance of the Council of the City of Palo Alto Repealing Chapter 16.16 of the
Palo Alto Municipal Code and Amending Title 16 to Adopt a New Chapter 16.16,
California Electrical Code, 2022 Edition, and Local Amendments and Related
Findings
The Council of the City of Palo Alto does ORDAIN as follows:
SECTION 1. Chapter 16.16 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is hereby amended by repealing in its
entirety 16.16 and adopting a new Chapter 16.16 to read as follows:
CHAPTER 16.16
CALIFORNIA ELECTRICAL CODE, Cal. Code of Regs. TITLE 24, Part 3
Sections
16.16.010 2022 California Electrical Code, Cal. Code of Regs. Title 24, Part 3 adopted
16.16.020 Cross - References to California Electrical Code
16.16.030 Local Amendments
16.16.040 Adoption of SECTION 89.101 GENERAL
16.16.050 Article 89.101.3.3 Exempted from This Code
16.16.060 Article 89.101.4 2022 California Electrical Code Annexes adopted
16.16.070 Administration & Enforcement Of 2022 California Electrical Code
16.16.080 Article 110.13 Mounting and Cooling of Equipment
16.16.010 2022 California Electrical Code, Cal. Code of Regs. Title 24, Part 3 adopted.
The California Electrical Code, 2022 Edition, Title 24, Part 3 of the California Code of Regulations
together with those omissions, amendments, exceptions and additions thereto, is adopted and
hereby incorporated in this Chapter by reference and made a part hereof the same as if fully set
forth herein. Unless superseded and expressly repealed, references in City of Palo Alto forms,
documents and regulations to the chapters and sections of the former California Code of
Regulations, Title 24, 2019, shall be construed to apply to the corresponding provisions contained
within the California Code of Regulations, Title 24, 2022. Ordinance No. 5482 of the City of Palo Alto
and all other ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby suspended and
expressly repealed. Wherever the phrases "California Electrical Code" or "Electrical Code" are
used in this code or any ordinance of the City, such phrases shall be deemed and construed to
refer and apply to the California Electrical Code, 2022 Edition, as adopted by this Chapter. One
copy of the California Electrical Code, 2022 edition, has been filed for use and examination of the
public in the Office of the Chief Building Official of the City of Palo Alto.
16.16.020 Cross - References to California Electrical Code.
The provisions of this Chapter contain cross-references to the provisions of the California
Not Yet Adopted
2
0160088_20221013_ay16
Electrical Code, 2022 Edition, in order to facilitate reference and comparison to those provisions.
16.16.030 Local Amendments.
The provisions of this Chapter shall constitute local amendments to the cross-referenced provisions
of the California Electrical Code, 2022 Edition, and shall be deemed to replace the cross-referenced
sections of said Code with the respective provisions set forth in this Chapter.
16.16.040 Adoption of SECTION 89.101 GENERAL
SECTION 89.101 GENERAL of the 2022 California Electrical Code is adopted by the City of Palo
Alto as amended herein.
16.16.050 Article 89.101.3.3 Exempted from This Code.
Section 89.101.3.3 is amended as follows (additions underlined; sections omitted without
change noted by [. . .]):
89.101.3.3 Exempted From This Code
This code does not cover:
1. Installations in ships, watercraft other than floating dwelling units, railway rolling
stock, aircraft, automotive vehicles, commercial coaches, mobilehomes, and
recreational vehicles.
[. . .]
7. ADDITIONAL EXEMPTIONS: Electrical work that is exempt from permits pursuant to Palo
Alto Municipal Code Section 16.04.110, Section 105.2 Work exempt from permit.
16.16.060 Article 89.101.4 2022 California Electrical Code Annexes adopted.
The following Annexes of the California Electrical Code, 2022 Edition, are adopted and hereby
incorporated in this Chapter by reference and made a part hereof the same as if fully set forth
herein:
A. Annex B – Application Information for Ampacity Calculations
B. Annex C – Conduit, Tubing, and Cable Tray Fill Tables for Conductors and Fixture Wires of the
Same Size
C. Annex I – Unit Recommended Tightening Torque Tables from UL Standard 486A - 486B
16.16.070 Administration & Enforcement Of 2022 California Electrical Code
Administration and enforcement of this code shall be governed by Chapter 1, Division II of the
2022 California Building Code as amended by Palo Alto Municipal Code Chapter 16.04.
Not Yet Adopted
3
0160088_20221013_ay16
16.16.080 Article 110.13 Mounting and Cooling of Equipment.
Article 110.13 (A) (1) of Article 110 of the California Electrical Code is added to read:
110.13 (A) (1) Concrete Slab Supporting Electrical Equipment. When electrical
equipment is to be placed on a concrete substrate, a 4-inch concrete housekeeping pad
shall be installed to elevate and protect the equipment.
SECTION 2. The Council adopts the findings for local amendments to the California Electrical
Code, 2022 Edition, attached hereto as Exhibit “A” and incorporated herein by reference.
SECTION 3. The Council finds that this ordinance is exempt from the provisions of the California
Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”), pursuant to Section 15061 of the CEQA Guidelines, because
it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the amendments herein adopted will
have a significant effect on the environment.
SECTION 4. This Ordinance shall be effective on the thirty-first day after the date of its adoption.
INTRODUCED:
PASSED:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTENTIONS:
ATTEST:
____________________________ ____________________________
City Clerk Mayor
APPROVED AS TO FORM: APPROVED:
____________________________ ____________________________
Assistant City Attorney City Manager
____________________________
Director of Planning and Development Services
____________________________
Director of Administrative Services
Not Yet Adopted
4
0160088_20221013_ay16
Exhibit A
FINDINGS FOR LOCAL AMENDMENTS TO CALIFORNIA ELECTRICAL CODE,
TITLE 24, PART 3
Section 17958 of the California Health and Safety Code provides that the City may make changes
to the provisions of the California Building Standards Code. Sections 17958.5 and 17958.7 of the
Health and Safety Code require that for each proposed local change to those provisions of the
California Building Standards Code which regulate buildings used for human habitation, the City
Council must make findings supporting its determination that each such local change is
reasonably necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions.
Local building regulations having the effect of amending the uniform codes, which were adopted
by the City prior to November 23, 1970, were unaffected by the regulations of Sections 17958,
17958.5 and 17958.7 of the Health and Safety Code. Therefore, amendments to the uniform
codes which were adopted by the City Council prior to November 23, 1970 and have been carried
through from year to year without significant change, need no required findings. Also,
amendments to provisions not regulating buildings used for human habitation do not require
findings.
Code: California Electrical Code, Title, 24, Part 3
Section(s)
or Article(s)
Title Added Amended Deleted Justification
(See below
for keys)
89.101 GENERAL A
89.101.3.3 Exempt from This Code A
110.13 (A) (1) Mounting and Cooling of Equipment C
Annex B Application Information for
Ampacity Calculations
G
Annex C Conduit, Tubing, and Cable Tray Fill Tables
for Conductors and Fixture Wires of the
Same Size
A
Annex I Unit Recommended Tightening Torque
Tables
from UL Standard 486A - 486B
A
Key to Justification for Amendments to Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations
A This is an administrative amendment to clarify and establish civil and administrative
procedures, regulations, or rules to enforce and administer the activities by the Palo Alto
Building Inspection Department. These administrative amendments do not need to meet
HSC 18941.5/17958/13869 per HSC 18909(c).
C This amendment is justified based on a local climatic condition. The seasonal climatic
conditions during the late summer and fall create severe fire hazards to the public health
and welfare in the City. The hot, dry weather frequently results in wild land fires on the
brush covered slopes west of Interstate 280. The aforementioned conditions combined
with the geological characteristics of the hills within the City create hazardous conditions
for which departure from California Building Standards Code is required.
G This amendment is justified based on a local geological condition. The City of Palo Alto is
subject to earthquake hazard caused by its proximity to San Andreas fault. This fault runs
from Hollister, through the Santa Cruz Mountains, epicenter of the 1989 Loma Prieta
earthquake, then on up the San Francisco Peninsula, then offshore at Daly City near
Mussel Rock. This is the approximate location of the epicenter of the 1906 San Francisco
earthquake. The other fault is Hayward Fault. This fault is about 74 mi long, situated
mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay. Both
faults are considered major Northern California earthquake faults which may experience
rupture at any time. Thus, because the City is within a seismic area which includes these
earthquake faults, the modifications and changes cited herein are designed to better limit
property damage as a result of seismic activity and to establish criteria for repair of
damaged properties following a local emergency.
T The City of Palo Alto topography includes hillsides with narrow and winding access, which
makes timely response by fire suppression and emergency response vehicles difficult.
Palo Alto is contiguous with the San Francisco Bay, resulting in a natural receptor for
storm and wastewater run-off. Also, the City of Palo Alto is located in an area that is
potentially susceptible to liquefaction during a major earthquake. The surface condition
consists mostly of stiff to dense sandy clay, which is highly plastic and expansive in nature.
The aforementioned conditions within the City create hazardous conditions for which
departure from California Building Standards Code is warranted
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Ordinance No. ___
Ordinance of the Council of the City of Palo Alto Repealing Chapter 16.18 of the
Palo Alto Municipal Code and Amending Title 16 to Adopt a New Chapter 16.18,
International Swimming Pool and Spa Code, With Local Amendments
The Council of the City of Palo Alto does ORDAIN as follows:
SECTION 1. Chapter 16.18 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is hereby amended by repealing in its
entirety Chapter 16.18 and adopting a new Chapter 16.18 to read as follows:
16.18.010 2021 International Swimming Pool and Spa Code (ISPSC) Adopted in
Part and Amended.
Chapters 1 through 3 and chapters 7 through 11 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa
Code, 2021 Edition, are adopted and hereby incorporated into this Chapter by reference and
made a part hereof as if fully set forth herein. The provisions of this Chapter shall constitute local
amendments to the referenced provisions of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code,
Edition.
One copy of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code, 2021 Edition, has been filed for use
and examination by the public in the Office of the Chief Building Official of the City of Palo Alto.
16.18.020 Violations -- Penalties.
It is unlawful for any person to violate any provision or to fail to comply with any of the
requirements of this Chapter or any permits, conditions, or variances granted under this Chapter.
Violators shall be subject to any penalty or penalties authorized by law, including but not limited
to: administrative enforcement pursuant to Chapters 1.12 and 1.16 of the Palo Alto Municipal
Code; and criminal enforcement pursuant to Chapter 1.08 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code. Each
separate day or any portion thereof during which any violation of this Chapter occurs or
continues shall be deemed to constitute a separate offense.
When the chief building official determines that a violation of this Chapter has occurred, the chief
building official may record a notice of pendency of code violation with the Office of the County
Recorder stating the address and owner of the property involved. When the violation has been
corrected, the chief building official shall issue and record a release of the notice of pendency of
code violation.
16.18.030 Enforcement – Criminal Enforcement Authority.
The employee positions designated in this section are authorized to exercise the authority
provided in California Penal Code section 836.5 for violations of this Chapter. The designated
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employee positions are: (1) chief building official, (2) assistant chief building official, (3) building
inspection manager, and (4) code enforcement officer.
16.18.40 References to California Building Codes
The International Swimming Pool and Spa Code, 2021 Edition, is hereby amended to refer to
those building regulations adopted by the California Building Standards Commission in Title 24 of
the California Code of Regulations, as follows:
1. Where the term “International Building Code” is used it shall be replaced with the
term “California Building Code (CBC).”
2. Where the term “International Residential Code” is used it shall be replaced with the
term “California Residential Code.”
3. Where the term “International Plumbing Code” is used it shall be replaced with the
term “California Plumbing Code.”
4. Where the term “International Energy Conservation Code” is used it shall be
replaced with the term “California Energy Code.”
5. Where the term “International Fire Code” is used it shall be replaced with the term
“California Fire Code.”
6. Where the term “International Fuel Gas Code” is used it shall be replaced with the
term “California Plumbing Code.”
7. Where the term “International Mechanical Code” is used it shall be replaced with
the term “California Mechanical Code.”
8. Where the term “NFPA 70” is used it shall be replaced with the term “California
Electrical Code.”
16.18.050 Precedence of California Building Codes.
In the event of any conflict between this Chapter and provisions of the California Health and
Safety Code or the building regulations adopted by the California Building Standards
Commission in Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations, the provisions of the Health and
Safety Code and Title 24 shall prevail.
16.18.060 Administration & Enforcement Of 2021 International Swimming Pool
and Spa Code (ISPSC)
Administration and enforcement of this code shall be governed by Chapter 1, Division II of the 2022
California Building Code as amended by Palo Alto Municipal Code Chapter 16.04, and the any
sections of the 2022 International Swimming Pool and Spa Code that are adopted by the City of
Palo Alto in this Chapter 16.18.
16.18.070 Section 101.1 amended – Title.
Section 101.1 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby amended to read:
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101.1 Title. These regulations shall be known as the International Swimming Pool and
Spa Code of the City of Palo Alto, hereinafter referred to as “this code.”
16.08.080 Section 105.1.1 added – Agreements to build; notice of provisions.
Section 105.1.1 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby added to read:
105.1.1 Agreements to build; notice of provisions. Any person entering into an
agreement to build a swimming pool or spa, or to engage in permitted work on a pool or
spa covered by this article, shall give the consumer notice of the requirements of this
code.
Pursuant to existing law, the California Department of Health Services shall have
available on the department's web site, commencing January 1, 2007, approved pool
safety information available for consumers to download. Pool contractors are
encouraged to share this information with consumers regarding the potential dangers a
pool or spa poses toddlers. Additionally, pool contractors may provide the consumer
with swimming pool safety materials produced from organizations such as the United
States Consumer Product Safety Commission, Drowning Prevention Foundation,
California Coalition for Children's Safety & Health, Safe Kids Worldwide, Association of
Pool and Spa Professionals, or the American Academy of Pediatrics. [CBC 3109.1,
115924]
16.18.090 Section 110.17 Added – Final Approval.
Section 110.17 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby added to read:
110.17 Final Approval. Prior to the issuance of any final approval for the completion of
permitted construction or remodeling work, the code official shall inspect the drowning
safety prevention devices required and if no violations are found, shall give final
approval. [CBC 3109.1, 15922(b)]
16.18.100 Section 301.1.2 Added – Conflicts.
Section 301.1.2 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby added to read:
301.1.2 Conflicts. In the event of a conflict between the provisions of the Swimming
Pool Safety Act, the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code, 2021 Edition, the 2022
California Building Code, or the 2022 California Residential Code, the Building Official
shall implement the most restrictive measures cited.
16.18.120 Section 303.3.1 Added – Operating time.
Section 303.3.1 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby added to read:
303.3.1 Operating time. The time switch or other control mechanism shall be installed
as part of a pool water circulation control system that will allow all pumps to be set or
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programmed to run only during off-peak electric demand period, and for the minimum
time necessary to maintain the water in the condition required by applicable public
health standards. [California Energy Code (CEnC) 110.4(b)3ii]
16.18.130 Section 303.1.3 Amended – Covers.
Section 303.1.3 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby amended to read:
303.1.3 Covers. Outdoor pools and outdoor spas shall be provided with a vapor
retardant cover.
16.18.140 Section 305.2 Amended – Outdoor swimming pools and spas.
Section 305.2 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby amended to read:
305.2 Outdoor swimming pools and spas.All outdoor pools and spas and indoor
swimming pools shall be surrounded by a barrier that complies with Sections 305.2.1
through 305.7. [CBC 3109.1, 115922]. Refer to 305.9 for additional drowning prevention
safety features.
16.18.150 Section 305.9 Added – Private swimming pools.
Section 305.9 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby added to read:
305.9 Private swimming pools. Whenever a building permit is issued for construction
of a new swimming pool or spa, or any building permit is issued for remodeling of an
existing pool or spa, at a private, single-family home, it shall be equipped with at least
two of the following seven drowning prevention safety features:
1. The pool shall be isolated from access to a home by an enclosure that meets the
requirements of Section 305.10.
2. The pool shall incorporate removable mesh pool fencing that meets ASTM F 2286
in conjunction with a gate that is self-closing and self-latching and can
accommodate a key lockable device.
3. The pool shall be equipped with an approved safety pool cover that meets all
requirements of the ASTM F 1346.
4. The residence shall be equipped with exit alarms on those doors providing direct
access to the pool. The exit alarm may cause either an alarm noise or a verbal
warning, such as a repeating notification that “the door to the pool is open.”
5. All doors providing direct access from the home to the swimming pool shall be
equipped with a self-closing, self-latching device with a release mechanism
placed no lower than 54 inches (1372 mm) above the floor.
6. An alarm that, when placed in a swimming pool or spa, will sound upon
detection of accidental or unauthorized entrance into the water. The alarm shall
meet and be independently certified to the ASTM Standard F2208 “Standard
Safety Specification for Residential Pool Alarms,” which includes surface motion,
pressure, sonar, laser, and infrared type alarms. A swimming protection alarm
feature designed for individual use, including an alarm attached to a child that
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sounds when the child exceeds a certain distance or becomes submerged in
water, is not a qualifying drowning prevention safety feature..
7. Other means of protection, if the degree of protection afforded is equal to or
greater than that afforded by any of the devices set forth in items 1-4, and have
been independently verified by an approved testing laboratory as meeting
standards for those devices established by the ASTM or ASME.
Exceptions:
1. Public swimming pools.
2. Hot tubs or spas with locking safety covers that comply with the ASTM ES 13-
89. b)]
3. An apartment complex, or any residential setting other than a single-family
home.
16.18.160 Section 305.10 Added – Enclosure.
Section 305.10 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby added to read:
305.10 Enclosure. The enclosure for private swimming pools shall have all of the
following characteristics:
1. Any access gates through the enclosure open away from the swimming pool and
are self-closing with a self-latching device placed no lower than 60 inches (1524
mm) above the ground.
2. A minimum height of 60 inches (1524 mm).
3. A maximum vertical clearance from the ground to the bottom of the enclosure of
2 inches (51 mm).
4. Gaps or voids, if any, do not allow passage of a sphere equal to or greater than 4
inches (102 mm) in diameter.
5. An outside surface free of protrusions, cavities or other physical characteristics
that would serve as handholds or footholds that could enable a child below the
age of five years to climb over.
16.18.170 Section 310.2 Added – Construction Requirements for building a
pool or spa.
Section 310.2 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby added to read:
310.2 Construction Requirements for building a pool or spa. Whenever a
building permit is issued for the construction a new private swimming pool or spa, the
pool or spa shall meet all of the following requirements:
(1) The suction outlets of the pool or spa for which the permit is issued shall be
equipped to provide circulation throughout the pool or spa as prescribed in
paragraphs (2) and (3).
(2) The swimming pool or spa shall either have at least two circulation suction
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outlets per pump that shall be hydraulically balanced and symmetrically plumbed
through one or more “T” fittings, and that are separated by a distance of at least
three feet in any dimension between the suction outlets, or be designed to use
alternatives to suction outlets, including, but not limited to, skimmers or perimeter
overflow systems to conduct water to the recirculation pump.
(3) The circulation system shall have the capacity to provide a complete turnover of
pool water, as specified in Section 3124B of Chapter 31B of the California Building
Standards Code (Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations).
(4)Suction outlets shall be covered with antientrapment grates, as specified in the
ANSI/APSP-16 performance standard or successor standard designated by the
federal Consumer Product Safety Commission, that cannot be removed except with
the use of tools. Slots or openings in the grates or similar protective devices shall be
of a shape, area, and arrangement that would prevent physical entrapment and
would not pose any suction hazard to bathers.
(5)Any backup safety system that an owner of a new swimming pool or spa may
choose to install in addition to the requirements set forth in subdivisions (a) and (b)
shall meet the standards as published in the document, “Guidelines for Entrapment
Hazards: Making Pools and Spas Safer,” Publication Number 363, March 2005,
United States Consumer Product Safety Commission.
16.18.180 Section 316.2.1 Added – Construction Requirements for building a
pool or spa.
Section 316.2.1 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby added to read:
316.2.1 Certification and Installation.
(a) Certification by manufacturers. Heating systems and equipment shall be certified
by the manufacturer that the heating system and equipment complies with the
following:
1. Efficiency. A thermal efficiency that complies with the Appliance Efficiency
Regulations in Title 20, Division 2, Chapter 4, Article 4 of the California Code of
Regulations; and [CEnC 110.4(a)1]
2. On-off switch. A readily accessible on-off switch, mounted on the outside of
the heater that allows shutting off the heater without adjusting the
thermostat setting; and [CEnC 110.4(a) 2]
3. Instructions. A permanent, easily readable and weatherproof plate or card
that gives instruction for the energy efficient operation of the pool or spa
heater and for the proper care of pool or spa water when a cover is used; and [CEnC
110.4(a)3]
4. Electric resistance heating. No electric resistance heating.
Exception 1 to Section 110.4(a)4: Listed package units with fully insulated
enclosures, and with tight-fitting covers that are insulated to at least R-6.
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Exception 2 to Section 110.4(a)4: Pools or spas deriving at least 60 percent of
the annual heating energy from site solar energy or recovered energy. [CEnC
110.4(a)4]
(b) Installation. Any pool or spa system or equipment shall be installed with all of
the following:
1. Piping. At least 36 inches of pipe shall be installed between the filter and the
heater or dedicated suction and return lines, or built-in or built-up connections
shall be installed to allow for the future addition of solar heating equipment.
[CEnC 110.4(b)1]
2. Covers. A cover for outdoors pools or outdoor spas.
3. Directional inlets. The swimming pool shall have directional inlets that
adequately mix the pool water. [CEnC 110.4(b)3i]
16.18.190 Section 504.1 Amended – Emergency shutoff switch.
Section 504.1 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code is hereby amended to read:
504.1 Emergency shutoff switch. One emergency shutoff switch shall be provided to
disconnect power to circulation and jet system pumps and air blowers. Emergency shutoff
switches shall be clearly labeled, accessible, located within sight of the spa and shall be
located not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) but not greater than 10 feet (3048 mm) horizontally
from the inside walls of the spa. [California Electrical Code (CEC), 680.41]
16.18.200 Section 903 to 908.
Section 903 to 908 of the International Swimming Pool and Spa Code are added as follows:
SECTION 903
MATERIALS
903.1 Pumps and motors.
Pumps and motors shall be listed and labeled for use in spas.
SECTION 904
STRUCTURE AND DESIGN
904.1 Water depth.
The maximum water depth for spas shall be 4 feet (1219 mm) measured from the design
waterline except for spas that are designed for special purposes and approved by the authority
having jurisdiction. The water depth for exercise spas shall not exceed 6 feet 6 inches (1981 mm)
measured from the design waterline.
904.2 Multilevel seating.
Where multilevel seating is provided, the maximum water depth of any seat or sitting bench shall
be 28 inches (711 mm) measured from the design waterline to the lowest measurable point.
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904.3 Floor slope.
The slope of the floor shall not exceed 1 unit vertical in 12 units horizontal (8.3-percent slope).
Where multilevel floors are provided, the change in depth shall be indicated.
SECTION 905
PUMPS AND MOTORS
905.1Emergency shutoff switch.
One emergency shutoff switch shall be provided to disconnect power to circulation and jet
system pumps and air blowers. Emergency shutoff switches shall be accessible, located within
sight of the spa and shall be located not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) but not greater than 10 feet
(3048 mm) horizontally from the inside walls of the spa.
905.2 Timer.
The operation of the hydrotherapy jets shall be limited by a cycle timer having a maximum setting
of 10 minutes. The cycle timer shall be located not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) away, adjacent to,
and within sight of the spa.
SECTION 906
RETURN AND SUCTION FITTINGS
906.1 Return fittings.
Return fittings shall be provided and arranged to facilitate a uniform circulation of water and
maintain a uniform sanitizer residual throughout the entire spa or exercise spa.
906.2 Suction fittings.
Suction fittings shall be in accordance with Sections 505.2.1 through 505.2.4.
906.2.1 Testing and certification.
Suction fittings shall be listed and labeled in accordance with APSP 16.
906.2.2 Installation.
Suction fittings shall be sized and installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s
specifications. Spas and exercise spas shall not be used or operated if the suction outlet
cover is missing, damaged, broken or loose.
906.2.3 Outlets per pump.
Suction fittings shall be provided in accordance with Section 310.
906.2.4Submerged vacuum fittings.
Submerged vacuum fittings shall be in accordance with Section 310.
SECTION 907
HEATER AND TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS
907.1 General.
This section pertains to fuel-fired and electric appliances used for heating spa or exercise spa
water.
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907.2 Water temperature controls.
Components provided for water temperature controls shall be suitable for the intended
application.
907.2.1 Water temperature regulating controls.
Water temperature regulating controls shall comply with UL 873 or UL 372. A means shall
be provided to indicate the water temperature in the spa.
Exception: Water temperature regulating controls that are integral to the heating
appliance and listed in accordance with the applicable end use appliance standard.
907.2.2Water temperature limiting controls.
Water temperature limiting controls shall comply with UL 873 or UL 372. Water
temperature at the heater return outlet shall not exceed 140°F (60°C).
SECTION 908
WATER SUPPLY
908.1Water temperature.
The temperature of the incoming makeup water shall not exceed 104°F (40°C).
SECTION 2. If any section, subsection, clause or phrase of this Ordinance is for any reason held
to be invalid, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portion or sections of
the Ordinance. The Council hereby declares that it should have adopted the Ordinance and
each section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase thereof irrespective of the fact that any
one or more sections, subsections, sentences, clauses or phrases be declared invalid.
SECTION 3. The Council finds that this project is exempt from the provisions of the California
Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”), pursuant to Section 15061 of the CEQA Guidelines,
because it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the amendments herein
adopted will have a significant effect on the environment.
//
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SECTION 4. This Ordinance shall be effective on the thirty-first day after the date of its
adoption.
INTRODUCED:
PASSED:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTENTIONS:
ATTEST:
____________________________ ____________________________
City Clerk Mayor
APPROVED AS TO FORM: APPROVED:
____________________________ ____________________________
Assistant City Attorney City Manager
____________________________
Director of Planning and
Development Services
____________________________
Director of Administrative Services
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Ordinance No. ____
Ordinance of the Council of the City of Palo Alto Repealing Chapter 16.14 of the
Palo Alto Municipal Code and Adopting a New Chapter 16.14, California Green
Building Code, 2022 Edition, and Local Amendments and Related Findings
The Council of the City of Palo Alto does ORDAIN as follows:
SECTION 1. Chapter 16.14 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code (PAMC) is hereby amended by
repealing in its entirety 16.14 and adopting a new Chapter 16.08 to read as follows:
16.14 California Green Building Code, Title 24, Part 11
16.14.010 2022 California Green Building Code, Title 24, Part 11 adopted and amended.
The California Green Building Standards Code, 2022 Edition, Title 24, Part 11 of the California Code
of Regulations, together with those omissions, amendments, exceptions and additions thereto, is
adopted and hereby incorporated in this Chapter by reference and made a part hereof the same as
if fully set forth herein.
Unless superseded and expressly repealed, references in City of Palo Alto forms, documents and
regulations to the chapters and sections of the former California Code of Regulations, Title 24, shall
be construed to apply to the corresponding provisions contained within the California Code of
Regulations, Title 24, 2022. Ordinance No. 5481 of the City of Palo Alto and all other ordinances or
parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby suspended and expressly repealed.
Wherever the phrases “California Green Building Standards Code” or “CALGreen” are used in this
code or any ordinance of the City, such phrases shall be deemed and construed to refer and apply
to the California Green Building Standards Code, 2022 Edition, as adopted and amended by this
chapter.
One copy of the California Green Building Standards Code, 2022 Edition, has been filed for use and
examination of the public in the Office of the Building Official of the City of Palo Alto.
16.04.020 Cross - References to California Green Building Code.
The provisions of this Chapter contain cross-references to the provisions of the California Green
Building Code, 2022 Edition, in order to facilitate reference and comparison to those provisions.
16.16.030 Local Amendments.
The provisions of this Chapter shall constitute local amendments to the cross-referenced provisions
of the California Green Building Code, 2022 Edition, and shall be deemed to replace the cross-
referenced sections of said Code with the respective provisions set forth in this Chapter.
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CHAPTER 1 – ADMISTRATION
16.16.040 Administration & Enforcement of 2022 California Green Building Code
Administration and enforcement of this code shall be governed by Chapter 1, Division II of the
2022 California Building Code as amended by Palo Alto Municipal Code Chapter 16.04.
16.16.050 Adoption of CHAPTER 1 Administration
Chapter 1 Administration of the 2022 California Green Building Code is adopted by the City of
Palo Alto to supplement, to the extent it does not conflict with, Chapter 1, Division II of the 2022
California Building Code, as amended.
16.16.060 Section 101.4 Appendices.
The following Appendix Chapters of the California Green Building Standards Code, 2022 Edition, are
adopted and hereby incorporated in this Chapter by reference and made a part hereof the same as
if fully set forth herein:
A. Appendix A4 - Residential Voluntary Measures (Tier 1 and Tier 2)
B. Appendix A5 - Non-residential Voluntary Measures (Tier 1 and Tier 2)
CHAPTER 2 – DEFINITIONS
16.16.070 Section 202 Definitions.
Section 202 of Chapter 2 of the California Green Building Standards Code is amended to include the
following definitions:
ALL-ELECTRIC BUILDING / SITE. A building or parcel of land whose sole source of energy
is electricity and contains no combustion equipment or plumbing for combustion
equipment.
CPAU. City of Palo Alto Utilities Department.
CALGREEN MANDATORY. Mandatory measures are triggered for projects outlined in
Section 301.1 Scope of this code, as amended.
Projects that only trigger Mandatory measures are not required to fulfill Tier 1 or Tier
2 measures in Appendix A4 and A5.
CALGREEN TIER 1. To achieve Tier 1 status, a project must comply with measures
identified in Appendix A4, Section A4.601.4 for residential projects and Appendix A5,
Section A5.601.2 for non-residential projects.
Projects subject to Tier 1 must fulfill all mandatory measures, all Tier 1 prerequisite
measures and a defined number of Tier 1 elective measures.
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CALGREEN TIER 2. To achieve Tier 2 status, a project must comply with requirements
identified in Appendix A4, Section A4.601.5 for residential projects and Appendix A5,
Section A5.601.3 for non-residential projects.
Projects subject to Tier 2 must fulfill all mandatory measures, all Tier 2 prerequisite
measures and a defined number of Tier 2 elective measures.
CALGREEN TIER 1 AND TIER 2 PREREQUISITE MEASURES. Projects subject to Tier 1 or Tier
2 must fulfill all prerequisites as described within Appendix A4, Division A4.6 for
residential projects and Appendix A5, Division A5.6 for non-residential projects.
CALGREEN TIER 1 AND TIER 2 ELECTIVE MEASURES. Projects subject to Tier 1 or Tier 2
must fulfill a defined number of electives as described within Appendix A4, Division A4.6
for residential projects and Appendix A5, Division A5.6 for non-residential projects.
CALGREEN INSPECTOR. An individual certified as a CALGreen Inspector/Plans Examiner
through the International Code Council (ICC), demonstrating knowledge and application
of Green Building concepts during plan review and inspection. For projects that require a
CALGreen Inspector/Plans Examiner verification, the Inspector must be contracted
directly with the owner and may not be a contractor or employee of the design or
construction firm.
CERTIFIED ENERGY ANALYST. A person registered as a Certified Energy Analyst with the
California Association of Building Energy Consultants as of the date of submission of a
Certificate of Compliance as required under Section 10-103 of the Building Energy
Efficiency Standards for Residential and Non-Residential Buildings.
MODEL WATER EFFICIENT LANDSCAPE ORDINANCE. The California Department of Water
Resources Model Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance.
SALVAGE. Salvage means the controlled removal of items and material from a building,
construction, or demolition site for the purpose of on- or off-site reuse, or storage for
later reuse. Examples include air conditioning and heating systems, columns, balustrades,
fountains, gazebos, molding, mantels, pavers, planters, quoins, stair treads, trim, wall
caps, bath tubs, bricks, cabinetry, carpet, doors, ceiling fans, lighting fixtures, electrical
panel boxes, fencing, fireplaces, flooring materials of wood, marble, stone or tile,
furnaces, plate glass, wall mirrors, door knobs, door brackets, door hinges, marble, iron
work, metal balconies, structural steel, plumbing fixtures, refrigerators, rock, roofing
materials, siding materials, sinks, stairs, stone, stoves, toilets, windows, wood fencing,
lumber and plywood.
SUBSTANTIAL REMODEL (AKA 50-50-50 RULE). Any project or projects that affects the
removal or replacement of 50% or more of the linear length of the existing exterior walls
of the building, and/or 50% or more of the linear length of the existing exterior wall plate
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height is raised, and/or 50% or more of the existing roof framing area is removed or
replaced, over a 3-year period.
Any permit(s) applied for will trigger a review of a 3-year history of the project. This
review will result in determining if a substantial remodel has occurred.
The Chief Building Official or designee shall make the final determination regarding
the application if a conflict occurs.
SQUARE FOOTAGE. For application of green building requirements, “square footage”
refers to all new or altered square footage, including basement areas (7 feet or greater in
height), as calculated based on outer boundary of proposed construction area, including
exterior walls.
CHAPTER 3 – GREEN BUILDING
16.14.080 SECTION 301 - voluntary tiers added.
SECTION 301 of Chapter 3 of the California Green Building Standards Code is amended to read:
SECTION 301 GENERAL
301.1 S
cope. Buildings shall be designed to include the green building measures specified as
mandatory in the application checklists contained in this code and any applicable local
amendments. In addition, the City requires the use of Voluntary Tiers, as provided in
Appendices A4 and A5, for certain residential and non-residential new construction,
additions, and alterations.
301.1.1 Residential additions and alterations. [HCD] The Mandatory provisions of
Chapter 4 shall be applied to additions and/or alterations of existing residential buildings
where the addition and/or alteration increases the building's conditioned area, volume,
or size. The requirements shall apply only to and/or within the specific area of the addition
or alteration.
Tier 1 adopted (Residential). All residential building additions and/or alterations
exceeding 1000 square feet must meet CALGreen Mandatory plus the Tier 1 measures, as
amended by this Chapter and as applicable to the scope of work.
For Tier 1 projects, the area of alterations will include any construction or renovation
to an existing structure other than repair or addition. Alterations include raising the plate
height, historic restoration, changes or rearrangements of the structural parts or
elements, and changes or rearrangement of bearing walls and full height partitions.
Normal maintenance, reroofing, painting or wall papering, floor finishes,
replacement-in-kind of mechanical, plumbing and electrical systems, or replacing or
adding new kitchen counter and similar furniture, plumbing fixture to the building are
excluded for the purposes of establishing scope of Tier 1 projects.
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The area of alteration should be limited to the footprint of element(s) being altered.
This does not exclude mandatory CALGreen measures. The sum of the footprint of the
elements being altered with respect to Tier 1, shall be calculated using the following
methodology:
1. Raising the plate height: The calculation with respect to raising of the plate
height will be based on the area of the footprint in which the plate height is
being increased. Plate height means the vertical distance measured from the
top of the finished floor to the top of the plates.
2. Historic restoration: The calculation with respect to historic restoration will be
based on the area of work covered in the California Historical Building Code
(Title 24, Part 8).
3. Structural parts or elements: The calculation with respect to changes or
rearrangements of the structural parts or elements will be based on the sum
of the individual footprints of each structural change or rearrangement. The
footprint shall be calculated based on the proposed design and inclusive of any
demolished structural parts or elements.
4. Bearing walls and full height partition: The calculation with respect to changes
or rearrangement of walls and full height partitions will be based on the
footprint of any demolished wall or full height partition and any new wall or
new full height partition.
Exception: Attached and detached Accessory Dwelling Units, ADU conversions of
existing structures shall meet the California Green Building Standards Code
Mandatory measures only.
301.2 Low-rise and high-rise residential buildings. [HCD] The provisions of individual
sections of CALGreen may apply to either low-rise residential buildings, high-rise
residential buildings, or both. Individual sections will be designated by banners to indicate
where the section applies specifically to low-rise only (LR) or high-rise only (HR). When
the section applies to both low-rise and high-rise buildings, no banner will be used.
301.2.1 Low-Rise residential new construction – Tier 2 adopted. All new constructed or
substantial remodel projects must meet CALGreen Mandatory plus Tier 2 measures, as
amended by this ordinance and as applicable to the scope of work.
301.3 Non-residential additions and alterations. [BSC] The provisions of individual
sections of Chapter 5 apply to building non-residential additions of 1,000 square feet or
greater, and/or building alterations with a permit valuation of $200,000 or above (for
occupancies within the authority of California Building Standards Commission). Code
sections relevant to additions and alterations shall only apply to the portions of the
building being added or altered within the scope of the permitted work.
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A code section will be designated by a banner to indicate where the code section only
applies to newly constructed buildings [N] or to additions and alterations [A]. When the
code section applies to both, no banner will be used.
Tier 1 adopted. Non-residential alterations (including tenant improvements or
renovations) of 5,000 square feet that include replacement of at least two of the
following: HVAC system, building envelope, hot water system, or lighting system, must
comply with CALGreen Mandatory plus Tier 1 measures, as amended by this Chapter and
as applicable to the scope of work.
Tier 2 adopted. Non-residential additions of 1000 square feet or greater must comply
with CALGreen Mandatory plus Tier 2 measures, as amended by this Chapter and as
applicable to the scope of work.
301.3.1 - 301.3.2 Unmodified.
301.3.3 Non-residential new construction – Tier 2 adopted. All new non-residential
construction must meet CALGreen Mandatory plus Tier 2 measures, as amended by this
ordinance and as applicable to the scope of work.
301.6 Special inspector requirements. Residential and non-residential project owners
subject to CALGreen Mandatory, CALGreen Mandatory plus Tier 1, or CALGreen
Mandatory plus Tier 2 measures shall contract a Special Inspector in accordance with
section 702.2 of CALGreen, as amended.
301.7 Low-carbon concrete requirements for Tier 1 and Tier 2 projects. Plain and
reinforced concrete installed as part of any project subject to the application of this code
shall demonstrate compliance with the requirements of PAMC 16.14.240.
CHAPTER 4 – RESIDENTIAL MANDATORY MEASURES
Division 4.1 – PLANNING AND DESIGN
16.14.090 Section 4.106 SITE DEVELOPMENT
Section 4.106 of Chapter 4 of the California Green Building Standards Code is amended to add
new subsections, 4.106.5 and 4.106.5.1 as follow:
4.106.5 ALL-ELECTRIC BUILDING / SITE. A building or parcel of land whose sole source of
energy is electricity and contains no combustion equipment or plumbing for combustion
equipment.
4.106.5.1 Full electrification. Full electrification is required for new buildings,
substantial remodels, and new outdoor appliances/equipment such as gas grill, stove,
barbeque, fireplace, firepit, heater for swimming pool/spa, and similar equipment.
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Division 4.3 – WATER EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION
16.14.100 Section 4.306 SWIMMING POOL AND SPA COVERS
Section 4.306 of Chapter 4 of the California Green Building Standards Code is added to read:
4.306 Swimming Pool and Spa Covers. Swimming pools and spas shall be provided with
a vapor retardant cover.
Division 4.5 – ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
16.14.110 Section 4.509 Water heater replacement
Section 4.509 of Chapter 4 of the California Green Building Standards Code is added to read:
4.509 Water heater replacement. For existing residential building remodels or additions
where the gas water heater is replaced or new water heater is added, the new water
heater shall be a heat pump water heater (HPWH).
CHAPTER 7 – INSTALLER AND SPECIAL INSPECTOR QUALIFICATIONS
16.14.120 Section 702.2 Special inspection.
Section 702.2 of Chapter 7 of the California Green Building Standards Code is amended to read:
702.2 Green building special inspection. When required by the enforcing agency, the
owner or responsible entity acting as the owner’s agent shall employ one or more Green
Building Special Inspectors to provide inspection or other duties necessary to substantiate
compliance with this code. Green Building Special Inspectors shall demonstrate
competence to the satisfaction of the enforcing agency for the particular type of
inspection or task to be performed. In addition to other certifications or qualifications
acceptable to the enforcing agency, the following certifications or education may be
considered by the enforcing agency when evaluating the qualifications of a Special
Inspector. The City shall maintain a list of pre-approved Special Inspectors in accordance
with this section. The owner shall contract a Special Inspector from the pre-approved list
meeting one of the following:
1. Certification by a national or regional green building program:
ICC Certified CALGreen Inspector/Plans Examiner
2. Other programs acceptable to the enforcing agency.
Note: Special Inspectors shall be independent entities with no financial interest in the
materials or the project they are inspecting for compliance with this code.
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APPENDIX A4 – RESIDENTIAL VOLUNTARY MEASURES
Division A4.1 – PLANNING AND DESIGN
16.14.130 Residential Projects. Appendix A4 Preface: Green Building Measures for Project
Type and Scope.
A preface is added to Chapter A4 of the California Green Building Standards Code to read:
Preface - Green Building Requirements for Project Type and Scope. For design and
construction of residential projects, the City of Palo Alto requires compliance with the
mandatory measures of Chapter 4, in addition to use of Tier 1 and Tier 2 as specified in
Palo Alto Municipal Code Chapter 16.14. See Section 202 for definitions on CALGreen
Mandatory, Tier 1 Prerequisites and Electives, and Tier 2 Prerequisites and Electives. All
elective measures are adopted as written under Appendix A4 unless otherwise indicated
in this Section.
16.14.140 Section A4.104 SITE PRESERVATION.
Section A4.104.1 of Appendix A4 of the California Green Building Standards Code is adopted as a
Tier 1 and Tier 2 elective measure and is amended to read:
A4.104.1 Supervision and Education by a Special Inspector. Individuals with oversight
authority on the project, as defined in section 16.14.090 of this code, who have been
trained in areas related to environmentally friendly development, shall teach green
concepts to other members of the builder’s staff and ensure training and written
instruction has been provided to all parties associated with the development of the
project. Prior to the beginning of the construction activities, the builder shall receive a
written guideline and instruction specifying the green goals of the project.
Note: Lack of adequate supervision and dissemination of the project goals can result in
negative effects on green building projects. If the theme of green building is not
carried through the project, the overall benefit can be substantially reduced by the
lack of knowledge and information provided to the various entities involved with
the construction of the project.
16.14.150 Section A4.105 Deconstruction and Reuse of Existing Materials.
Section A4.105 of Appendix A4 of the California Green Building Standards Code is not adopted as
an elective measure and is amended to read:
Section A4.105.1 Chapter 5.24 of Title 5 of the Municipal Code. See Chapter 5.24 of the
Municipal Code for the local deconstruction requirements.
Section A4.105.2 is adopted as a Tier 1 and Tier 2 elective measure.
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A4.105.2 Reuse of materials. Nonhazardous materials which can be easily reused
include but are not limited to the following:
1. Light fixtures
2. Plumbing fixtures
3. Doors and trim
4. Masonry
5. Electrical devices
6. Appliances
7. Foundations or portions of foundations
Note: Reused material must be installed to comply the appropriate Title 24 provisions.
16.14.160 Section A4.106.8 Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging for New Construction.
Section A4.106.8 of Appendix A4 of the California Green Building Standards Code is not adopted
as a Tier 1 and Tier 2 elective measure. Projects must comply with the Mandatory measures for
electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) as amended in PAMC 16.14.420.
16.14.170 Section A4.106.9 Bicycle Parking.
Section A4.106.9 of Appendix A4 of the California Green Building Standards Code is not adopted
as a Tier 1 and Tier 2 elective measure. Projects must comply with the bicycle parking
requirements in the Palo Alto Municipal Code.
16.14.180 Section A4.106.10 Light Pollution Reduction.
Section A4.106.10 is added and adopted as a Tier 1 and Tier 2 elective measure for all covered
projects and is amended to read:
A4.106.10 Light pollution reduction. Outdoor lighting systems shall be designed and
installed to comply with the following:
1. The minimum requirements in the California Energy Code for Lighting Zones 1-4
as defined in Chapter 10 of the California Administrative Code; and
2. Backlight, Uplight and Glare (BUG) ratings as defined in IES TM-15-11; and
3. Allowable BUG ratings not exceeding those shown in Table A4.106.10; or
4. Comply with a local ordinance lawfully enacted pursuant to Section 101.7 of this
code, whichever is more stringent.
Projects may use an approved equal reference standard for light fixtures where BUG
ratings are unavailable.
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Exceptions:
1. Luminaires that qualify as exceptions to the California Energy Code.
2. Emergency lighting.
3. One- and two-family dwellings.
Note: The International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) and the Illuminating Engineering
Society of North America (IESNA) have developed a Model Lighting Ordinance (MLO).
The MLO was designed to help municipalities develop outdoor lighting standards that
reduce glare, light trespass, and skyglow. The model ordinance and user guides for
the ordinance may be accessed at the International Dark-Sky Association web site.
Division A4.2 – ENERGY EFFICIENCY
16.14.190 Section A4.203.1 Performance Approach for Newly Constructed Buildings.
Section A4.203.1 of Appendix A4 of the California Green Building Standards Code is not adopted
as a Tier 1 and Tier 2 elective measure. Projects shall comply with Chapter 16.17 of the Palo Alto
Municipal Code (Energy Reach Code).
Division A4.3 – WATER EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION
16.14.200 SectionA4.304.3 Irrigation Metering Device.
Section A4.304.3 of Appendix A4 of the California Green Building Standards Code is adopted as a
Tier 1 and Tier 2 elective measure and is amended to read:
A4.304.3 Irrigation Metering Device. Dedicated irrigation meters from CPAU are to be
installed in all new construction and rehabilitated landscapes when the landscape is
greater than 1,000 square feet.
16.14.210 Section A4.305 Water Reuse Systems.
Sections A4.305.1, A4.305.2, and A4.305.3 of Appendix A4 of the California Green Building
Standards Code are adopted as Tier 1 and Tier 2 elective measures and are amended to read:
A4.305.1 Graywater. Alternative plumbing piping is installed to permit the discharge from
the clothes washer and other fixtures (except toilets and kitchen sinks) to be used for an
irrigation system in compliance with the California Plumbing Code. In the event that the
whole house graywater system is installed in compliance with the California Plumbing
Code, then this measure shall count as 3 electives.
A4.305.2 Recycled Water Piping. Based on projected availability, dual water piping is
installed for future use of recycled water at the following locations:
1. Interior piping for the use of recycled water is installed to serve all water closets,
urinals, and floor drains.
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2. Exterior piping is installed to transport recycled water from the point of connection to
the structure. Recycled water systems shall be designed and installed in accordance with
the California Plumbing Code.
A4.305.3 Recycled water for landscape irrigation. Recycled water piping is used for
landscape irrigation.
16.14.220 A4.305.4 Additions and alterations.
Section A4.305.4 is added as Tier 1 and Tier 2 prerequisite and amended to read:
A4.305.4 Additions and alterations. All multifamily residential additions and alterations
must install recycled water infrastructure for irrigation when the landscape area exceeds
1,000 square feet.
Division A4.4 – MATERIAL CONSERVATION AND RESOUCE EFFICIENCY
16.14.230 Section A4.403.1 Frost Protection Foundation Systems.
Sections A4.403.1 is not adopted as a Tier 1 and Tier 2 elective measure.
16.14.240 Section A4.403.2 Reduction in cement use.
Section A4.403.2 of Appendix A4 of the California Green Building Standards Code is adopted as a
Mandatory measure for all Tier 1 and Tier 2 projects and is amended to read:
A4.403.2 Low Carbon Concrete Requirements.
A4.403.2.1 Purpose. The purpose of this chapter is to provide practical standards and
requirements for the composition of concrete, as defined herein, that maintains
adequate strength and durability for the intended application and at the same time
reduces greenhouse gas emissions associated with concrete composition. This code
includes pathways for compliance with either reduced cement levels or lower-emission
supplementary cementitious materials.
A4.403.2.2 Definitions. For the application of this section the following definitions shall
apply:
Concrete. Concrete is any approved combination of mineral aggregates bound together
into a hardened conglomerate in accordance with the requirements of this code.
Environmental product declaration (EPD). EPDs present quantified environmental
information on the life cycle of a product to enable comparisons between products
fulfilling the same function. EPDs must conform to ISO 14025, and EN 15804 or ISO 21930,
and have at least a "cradle to gate" scope (which covers product life cycle from resource
extraction to the factory).
Upfront embodied carbon (embodied carbon). The greenhouse gasses emitted in
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material extraction, transportation and manufacturing of a material corresponding to life
cycle stages A1 (extraction and upstream production), A2 (transportation), and A3
(manufacturing). Definition is as noted in ISO 21930 and as defined in the Product
Category Rule for Concrete by NSF dated February 22nd, 2019.
https://www.nsf.org/newsroom_pdf/concrete_pcr_2019.pdf
A4.403.2.3. Compliance. Compliance with the requirements of this chapter shall be
demonstrated through any of the compliance options in Sections 4.403.2.3.2 through
4.403.2.3.5:
Table A4.403.2.3 Cement and Embodied Carbon Limit Pathways
A4.403.2.3.1 Allowable Increases.
(1) Cement and Embodied Carbon Limit Allowances. Cement or Embodied Carbon limits
shown in Table A4.403.2.3 can be increased by 30% for concretes demonstrated to the
Building Official as requiring high early strength. Such concretes could include, but are not
limited to, precast, prestressed concrete; beams and slabs above grade; and shotcrete
(2) Approved Cements. The maximum cement content may be increased proportionately
above the tabulated value when using an approved cement, or blended cement,
demonstrated by approved EPD to have a plant-specific EPD lower than 1040 kg
CO2e/metric ton. The increase in allowable cement content would be (1040 /
plant=specific EPD) %.
A4.403.2.3.2 Cement Limit Method — Mix. Cement content of a concrete mix using this
method shall not exceed the value shown in the Table
A4.403.2.3https://library.municode.com/ca/marin_county/codes/municipal_code?nodeId=TIT1
9MACOBUCO_CH19.07CACORE_19.07.050CO. Use of this method is limited to concrete with
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specified compressive strength not exceeding 5,000 psi.
A4.403.2.3.3 Cement Limit Method — Project. Total cement content shall be based on
total cement usage of all concrete mix designs within the same project. Total cement
content for a project shall not exceed the value calculated according to Equation
A4.403.2.3.3.
Equation A4.403.2.3.3:
Cem proj < Cem allowed
where
Cem proj = ΣCem n v n and Cem allowed = ΣCem lim v n
and
n = the total number of concrete mixtures for the project
Cem n = the cement content for mixture n , kg/m 3 or lb/yd 3
Cem lim = the maximum cement content for mixture n per Table
A4.403.2.3https://library.municode.com/ca/marin_county/codes/municipal_code?nodeI
d=TIT19MACOBUCO_CH19.07CACORE_19.07.050CO, kg/m 3 or lb/yd 3
v n = the volume of mixture n concrete to be placed, yd 3 or m 3
Applicant can use yd 3 or m 3 for calculation, but must keep same units throughout
A4.403.2.3.4. Embodied Carbon Method — Mix. Embodied carbon of a concrete mix,
based on an approved environmental product declaration (EPD), shall not exceed the value
given in Table A4.403.2.3.
A4.403.2.3.5. Embodied Carbon Method — Project. Total embodied carbon (EC proj ) of
all concrete mix designs within the same project shall not exceed the project limit (EC allowed ) determined using Table A4.403.2.3 and Equation A4.403.2.3.5.
Equation A4.403.2.3.5:
EC proj < EC allowed
where
EC proj = ΣEC n v n and EC allowed = ΣEC lim v n
and
n = the total number of concrete mixtures for the project
EC n = the embodied carbon potential for mixture n per mixture EPD, kg/m 3
EC lim = the embodied carbon potential limit for mixture n per Table A4.403.2.3, kg/m3
v n = the volume of mixture n concrete to be placed, yd 3 or m 3
Applicant can use yd 3 or m 3 for calculation, but must keep same units throughout.
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A4.403.2.3.6. Enforcement.
As a condition prior to the issuance of every building permit involving placement of
concrete, the permit applicant shall be required to submit a completed low-carbon
concrete compliance form that shall be provided by and reviewed for compliance by the
building department prior to issuing the permit.
As a condition of such building permits, and prior to approving construction inspections
following placement of concrete, the permit applicant shall be required to submit batch
certificates and/or EPDs provided by the concrete provider that demonstrate compliance
with the low-carbon concrete compliance form on file with the building permit. The batch
certificates and/or EPDs shall be reviewed for compliance by the building department prior
to approving any further inspections.
When deviations from compliance with this section occur, the chief building official or his
designee is authorized to require evidence of equivalent carbon reductions from the
portions of remaining construction of the project to demonstrate alternative compliance
with the intent of this chapter.
For projects involving placement of concrete by, or on behalf of, a public works, parks, or
similar department the director of such department, or his/her assignee, shall maintain
accurate records of the total volume (in cubic yards) of all concrete placed, as well as the
total compliant volume (in cubic yards) of all concrete placed, and shall report this data
annually to the governing body in a form expressing an annual compliance percentage
derived from the quotient of total compliant concrete volume placed divided by total
concrete volume placed.
A4.403.2.3.7. Exemptions.
(a) Hardship or infeasibility exemption. If an applicant for a project subject to this chapter
believes that circumstances exist that make it a hardship or infeasible to meet the
requirements of this chapter, the applicant may request an exemption as set forth below.
In applying for an exemption, the burden is on the applicant to show hardship or
infeasibility. The applicant shall identify in writing the specific requirements of the
standards for compliance that the project is unable to achieve and the circumstances that
make it a hardship or infeasible for the project to comply with this chapter. Circumstances
that constitute hardship or infeasibility may include, but are not limited to the following:
(1) There is a lack of commercially available material necessary to comply with this chapter;
(2) The cost of achieving compliance is disproportionate to the overall cost of the project;
(3) Compliance with certain requirements would impair the historic integrity of buildings
listed on a local, state or federal list or register of historic structures as regulated by the
California Historic Building Code (Title 24, Part 8).
(b) Granting of exemption. If the chief building official determines that it is a hardship or
infeasible for the applicant to fully meet the requirements of this chapter and that granting
the requested exemption will not cause the building to fail to comply with the California
Building Standards Code, the chief building official shall determine the maximum feasible
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threshold of compliance reasonably achievable for the project. In making this
determination, the chief building official shall consider whether alternate, practical means
of achieving the objectives of this chapter can be satisfied. If an exemption is granted, the
applicant shall be required to comply with this chapter in all other respects and shall be
required to achieve the threshold of compliance determined to be achievable by the chief
building official.
(c) Denial of exception. If the chief building official determines that it is reasonably
possible for the applicant to fully meet the requirements of this chapter, the request shall
be denied and the applicant shall be notified of the decision in writing. The project and
compliance documentation shall be modified to comply with the standards for compliance.
16.14.250 Section A4.408.1 Enhanced Construction Waste Reduction.
Section A4.408.1 of Appendix A4 of the California Green Building Standards Code is adopted as a
mandatory measure and is amended to read:
A4.408.1 Enhanced Construction Waste Reduction. Nonhazardous construction and
demolition debris generated at the site is diverted to recycle or salvage in compliance with
the following:
Projects with a given valuation of $25,000 or more must have at least an 80-percent
reduction. Any mixed recyclables that are sent to mixed-waste recycling facilities shall
include a qualified third party verified facility average diversion rate. Verification of
diversion rates shall meet minimum certification eligibility guidelines, acceptable to the
local enforcing agency.
Exceptions:
1. Residential stand-alone mechanical, electrical or plumbing permits.
2. Commercial stand-alone mechanical, electrical or plumbing permits.
A4.408.1.1 Documentation. Documentation shall be provided to the enforcing agency
which demonstrates compliance with all construction and demolition waste reduction
requirements.
Division A4.5 – ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
16.14.260 Section A4.504.1 Compliance with formaldehyde limits.
Section A4.504.1 of Appendix A5 of the California Green Building Standards Code is adopted as a
Tier 1 and Tier 2 elective measure.
16.14.270 Section A4.504.3 Thermal insulation.
Section A4.504.3 of Appendix A5 of the California Green Building Standards Code is not adopted
as a Tier 1 and Tier 2 prerequisite. Section A4.504.3 is adopted as a Tier 1 and Tier 2 elective
measure.
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CHAPTER 5 – NONRESIDENTIAL MANDATORY MEASURES
Division 5.1 – PLANNING AND DESIGN
16.14.280 Non-Residential Projects: Chapter 5 Preface Green Building Requirements for
Project Type and Scope.
A Preface is added to Chapter 5 of the California Green Building Standards Code to read:
Preface – Green Building Requirements for Project Type and Scope. For design and
construction of non-residential projects, the City requires compliance with the mandatory
measures of Chapter 5, in addition to use of Tier 1 and Tier 2 as specified in Palo Alto
Municipal Code Chapter 16.14. See Section 202 for definitions on CALGreen
MANDATORY, Tier 1 prerequisites and electives, and Tier 2 prerequisites and electives.
All elective measures are adopted as written under Appendix A5 unless otherwise
indicated in this Section.
16.14.290 Section 5.106.1.1 Local storm water pollution prevention.
Section 5.106.1.1 of Chapter 5 of the California Green Building Standards Code is amended to
read:
5.106.1.1 Local ordinance. Newly constructed projects and additions shall comply with
additional storm water pollution prevention measures as applicable. (See Chapter 16.11,
Storm Water Pollution Prevention, of the Palo Alto Municipal Code.)
16.14.295 Section 5.106.8 Light pollution reduction
Section 5.106.8 of Chapter 5 of the California Green Building Standards Code is amended to read:
5.106.8 Light pollution reduction. Outdoor lighting systems shall be designed and
installed to comply with the following:
1. The minimum requirements in the California Energy Code for Lighting Zones 0-4 as
defined in Chapter 10, Section 10-114 of the California Administrative Code; and
2. Backlight (B) ratings as defined in IES TM-15-11 (shown in Table A-1 in Chapter 8);
3. Uplight and Glare ratings as defined in California Energy Code (shown in Tables
130.2-A and 130.2-B in Chapter 8); and
4. Allowable BUG ratings not exceeding those shown in Table 5.106.8 [N]; or
5. Comply with a local ordinance lawfully enacted pursuant to Section 101.7,
whichever is more stringent.
Projects may use an approved equal reference standard for light fixtures where BUG
ratings are unavailable.
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Exceptions:
1. Luminaires that qualify as exceptions in Section 103.2(b) and 140.7 of the
California Energy Code.
2. Emergency lighting.
3. Building facade meeting the requirements in Table 140.7-B of the California
Energy Code, Part 6.
4. Custom lighting features as allowed by the local enforcing agency, as permitted
by Section 101.8 Alternate materials, designs and methods of construction.
16.14.300 Section 5.106.13 All-Electric Buildings.
Section 5.106.13 5 of Chapter 5 of the California Green Building Standards Code is as a mandatory
measure added to read:
5.106.13 ALL-ELECTRIC BUILDING / SITE. A building or parcel of land whose sole source
of energy is electricity and contains no combustion equipment or plumbing for
combustion equipment.
5.106.13.1 Full electrification. Full electrification is required for new buildings
substantial remodels, and new outdoor appliances/equipment such as gas grill, stove,
barbeque, fireplace, firepit, heater for swimming pool/spa, and similar equipment.
Division 5.3 – WATER EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION
16.14.330 Section 5.304.2 Invasive Species Prohibited.
Section 5.304.2 of Chapter 5 of the California Green Building Standards Code is added as
mandatory measure to read:
5.304.2 Invasive species prohibited. All non-residential new construction, additions, and
alterations shall not install invasive species in a landscape area of any size.
16.14.340 Section 5.306 Non-residential enhanced water budget.
Section 5.306 of Chapter 5 of the California Green Building Standards Code is added as mandatory
measure to read:
5.306 Non-residential enhanced water budget. Non-residential buildings anticipated to
use more than 1,000 gallons of water a day shall complete an Enhanced Water Budget
Calculator as established by the Chief Building Official or designee.
16.14.350 Section 5.307 Cooling Tower Water Use.
Section 5.307 Cooling Tower Water Use is added as mandatory to read:
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5.307 COOLING TOWER WATER USE
5.307.1. Cooling Tower Water Use in Highrise Residential or Non-Residential Buildings.
Cooling tower water use must meet the conditions as follows and as outlined in Palo Alto
Municipal Code Section 16.08.100. Projects are required to perform a potable water
analysis at the site to meet the maximum concentration of parameters noted in Table
5.307.1
Table 5.307.1
Ca (as CaCO3) 600 ppm
Total alkalinity 500 ppm
SiO2 150 ppm
Cr 300 ppm
Conductivity 3300 Us/cm
Calculate maximum number of cycles that can be achieved with these
levels of concentration shall be included in the plumbing design plans.
Division 5.4 – MATERIAL CONSERVATION AND RESOUCE EFFICIENCY
16.14.360 Section 5.410.4.6 Energy STAR portfolio manager.
Section 5.410.4.6 of Chapter 5 of the California Green Building Standards is added as mandatory
measure to read:
5.410.4.6 Energy STAR portfolio manager. All non-residential projects exceeding
$100,000 valuation must provide evidence of an Energy STAR Portfolio Manager project
profile for both water and energy use prior to Permit Issuance, acquire an Energy STAR
Portfolio Manager Rating, and submit the rating to the City of Palo Alto once the project
has been occupied after 12 months.
16.14.370 Section 5.410.4.7 Performance reviews – energy.
Section 5.410.4.7 of Chapter 5 of the California Green Building Standards is added to read:
5.410.4.7 Performance reviews – energy. All projects over 10,000 square feet. The City
reserves the right to conduct a performance review, no more frequently than once every
five years unless a project fails review, to evaluate the building's energy use to ensure
that resources used at the building and/or site do not exceed the maximum allowance set
forth in the rehabilitation or new construction design. Following the findings and
recommendations of the review, the City may require adjustments to the energy usage
or energy-using equipment or systems if the building is no longer compliant with the
original design. Renovation or rehabilitation resulting from such audit activity shall be
considered a project and shall be subject to applicable documentation submittal
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requirements of the City. This section is effective only for those projects for which a
building permit was issued after January 1, 2009.
16.14.380 Section 5.410.4.8 Performance reviews – water.
Section 5.410.4.8 of Chapter 5 of the California Green Building Standards is added to read:
5.410.4.8 Performance reviews – water. All sites greater than one acre: The City reserves
the right to conduct performance reviews, no more frequently than once every five years
unless a project fails review, to evaluate water use to ensure that resources used at the
building and/or site do not exceed a maximum allowance set forth in the rehabilitation or
new construction design. Water use reviews may be initiated by CPAU, or as a
coordinated effort between the CPAU and the Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD),
or as part of SCVWD's established water conservation programs. Following the findings
and recommendations of the review, the City may require adjustments to irrigation
usage, irrigation hardware, and/or landscape materials to reduce consumption and
improve efficiency. Renovation or rehabilitation resulting from such audit activity shall be
considered a project and shall be subject to applicable documentation submittal
requirements of the City.
16.14.390 Section 5.506 Indoor Air Quality.
Section 5.506.4 of Chapter 5 of the California Green Building Standards is added as mandatory
measure to read:
Section 5.506.4 Indoor Air Quality Management Plan. All commercial and multi- family
projects must submit an Indoor Air Quality Management Plan (IAQ) with building permit
application in accordance with the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National
Association (SMACNA IAQ) Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction, 2nd
edition ANSI/SMACNA 008-2008.
APPENDIX A5 – NONRESIDENTIAL VOLUNTARY MEASURES
Division A5.4 – MATERIAL CONSERVATION AND RESOUCE EFFICIENCY
16.14.400 Section A5.405.5 Cement and concrete.
Section A5.405.5 of Appendix A5 of the California Green Building Standards Code is adopted as
a Mandatory measure for Tier 1 and Tier 2 projects and is amended to read:
A5.405.5 Cement and Concrete. Use cement and concrete made with recycled products
and complying with the following sections and requirements per PAMC Chapter
16.14.240.
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16.14.410 Section A5.408 Construction Waste Reduction, Disposal and Recycling.
Section A5.408 of Appendix A5 of the California Green Building Standards Code is adopted as a
Mandatory measure for Tier 2 projects and is amended to read:
A5.408.3.1 Waste enhanced construction waste reduction. (80% construction waste
reduction) as a mandatory requirement for all non-residential construction, including new
construction, additions, and alterations, as long as the construction has a valuation of
$25,000 or more. Non-residential projects with a lower valuation shall remain subject to
California Green Building Standards Code Chapter 5 mandatory measures.
Exceptions:
1. Residential stand-alone mechanical, electrical or plumbing permits.
2. Commercial stand-alone mechanical, electrical or plumbing permits.
A5408.3.1.1 - Deleted
A4.408.1.2 Documentation. Documentation shall be provided to the enforcing agency
which demonstrates compliance with all construction and demolition waste reduction
requirements.
APPENDIX A4 – RESIDENTIAL VOLUNTARY MEASURES - EVSE
Division A4.1 – PLANNING AND DESIGN
16.14.420 Section A4.106.8 Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging.
Section A4.106.8 of the California Green Building Standards Code is deleted in its entirety and
adopted as a mandatory measure to read:
A4.106.8 Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging for Residential Structures. Newly constructed
single family and multifamily residential structures, including residential structures
constructed as part of a mixed-use development, shall comply with the following
requirements for electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). All parking space calculations
under this section shall be rounded up to the next full space. The requirements stated in
this section are in addition to those contained in Section 4.106.4 of the California Green
Building Standards Code. In the event of a conflict between this section and Section
4.106.4 of the California Green Building Standards Code, the more robust EV Charging
requirements shall prevail.
A4.106.8.1 New one-family, two-family and townhouse dwellings. The following
standards apply to newly constructed detached and attached single family, two-family
and townhouse residences.
(a) In general. The property owner shall provide One (1) Level 2 electrical vehicle
supply equipment (EVSE) or one (1) EV ready space (Low Power Level 2 EV
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Charging Receptacle is acceptable provided that the infrastructure comply with
section 4.106.4.1) for each residence (except for accessory dwelling unit (ADU)).
(b) Location. The proposed location of a charging station may be internal or external
to the dwelling and shall be in close proximity to an on-site parking space
consistent with city regulations.
A4.106.8.2 New Multi-Family Dwellings. The following standards apply to newly
constructed residences in a multi-family residential structure.
(a) Resident parking. The property owner shall provide at least one (1) Level 2
electrical vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) or one (1) Level 2 EV Ready space for
each residential unit in the structure (Low Power Level 2 EV Charging Receptacle
is acceptable for 60% of the total EV parking spaces) .
(b) Guest parking. The property owner shall provide EV Capable Space, EV-Ready
Space, or EVSE Installed, for at least 25% of guest parking spaces, among which at
least 5% (and no fewer than one) shall be EVSE Installed.
(c) Accessible spaces. Projects shall comply with the 2022 California Building Code
requirements for accessible electric vehicle parking.
(d) Minimum total circuit capacity. The property owner shall ensure sufficient circuit
capacity, as determined by the Chief Building Official or designee, to support the
EV requirements specified in (a) and (b) above.
(e) Location. The EVSE, receptacles, and/or raceway required by this section shall be
placed in locations allowing convenient installation of and access to EVSE. In
addition, if parking is deed-restricted to individual residential units, the EVSE or
receptacles required by subsection (a) shall be located such that each unit has
access to its own EVSE or receptacle. Location of EVSE or receptacles shall be
consistent with all city regulations.
A4.106.8.3 New Hotels and Motels. The following standards apply to newly constructed
hotels.
(a) In general. The property owner shall provide at least 30% EV Ready Space and at
least 10% Level 2 EVSE installed for of the total parking spaces.
(b) Accessible spaces. Projects shall comply with the 2022 California Building Code
requirements for accessible electric vehicle parking.
(c) Minimum total circuit capacity. The property owner shall ensure sufficient circuit
capacity, as determined by the Chief Building Official or designee , to support a
Level 2 EVSE in every location where EV-Ready space or EVSE Installed is required.
(d) Location. The EVSE and/or receptacles, required by this section shall be placed in
locations allowing convenient installation of and access to EVSE. Location of EVSE
or receptacles shall be consistent with all City guidelines, rules, and regulations.
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APPENDIX A5 – NONRESIDENTIAL VOLUNTARY MEASURES
Division A5.1 – PLANNING AND DESIGN
16.14.430 Section A5.106.5.3 Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging for Non-Residential Structures.
Section A5.106.5.3 of the California Green Building Standards Code is adopted as a mandatory
measure and amended to read:
A5.106.5.3 Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging for Non-Residential Structures. New non-
residential structures shall comply with the following requirements for electric vehicle
supply equipment (EVSE). All parking space calculations under this section shall be
rounded up to the next full space. The requirements stated in this section are in addition
to those contained in Section 5.106.5.3 of the California Green Building Standards Code.
In the event of a conflict between this section and Section 5.106.5.3, the more robust EV
Charging requirements shall prevail.
A5.106.5.3.5 Non-Residential Structures Other than Hotels. The following standards
apply to newly constructed non-residential structures other than hotels.
In general. For building with 10 to 20 parking spaces, the property owner shall provide
at least 20% EV Capable or EVSE-Ready space, and at least 20% Level 2 EVSE installed of
the total parking spaces.
For building with over 20 parking spaces, the property owner shall provide at least 15%
EV Capable or EVSE-Ready space, and at least 15% EVSE installed for of the total parking
spaces
Accessible spaces. Projects shall comply with the 2022 California Building Code
requirements for accessible electric vehicle parking.
Minimum total circuit capacity. The property owner shall ensure sufficient circuit
capacity, as determined by the Chief Building Official or designee , to support a Level 2
EVSE in every location where EVSE Capable space, EVSE-Ready space or EVSE Installed is
required.
Location. The EVSE, receptacles, and/or raceway required by this section shall be placed
in locations allowing convenient installation of and access to EVSE. Location of EVSE or
receptacles shall be consistent with all city regulations.
SECTION 2. The Council adopts the findings for local amendments to the California Green Building
Standards Code, 2022 Edition, attached hereto as Exhibit “A” and incorporated herein by
reference.
SECTION 3. If any section, subsection, clause or phrase of this Ordinance is for any reason held
to be invalid, such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portion or sections of the
Ordinance. The Council hereby declares that it should have adopted the Ordinance and each
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section, subsection, sentence, clause or phrase thereof irrespective of the fact that any one or
more sections, subsections, sentences, clauses or phrases be declared invalid.
SECTION 4. The Council finds that this project is exempt from the provisions of the California
Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”), pursuant to Section 15061 of the CEQA Guidelines, because
it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the amendments herein adopted will
have a significant effect on the environment.
INTRODUCED:
PASSED:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTENTIONS:
ATTEST:
____________________________ ____________________________
City Clerk Mayor
APPROVED AS TO FORM: APPROVED:
____________________________ ____________________________
Assistant City Attorney City Manager
____________________________
Director of Planning and
Development Services
____________________________
Director of Administrative Services
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Exhibit A
FINDINGS FOR LOCAL AMENDMENTS TO CALIFORNIA GREEN BUILDING STANDARD CODE
TITLE 24, PART 11
Section 17958 of the California Health and Safety Code provides that the City may make changes
to the provisions of the California Building Standards Code. Sections 17958.5 and 17958.7 of the
Health and Safety Code require that for each proposed local change to those provisions of the
California Building Standards Code which regulate buildings used for human habitation, the City
Council must make findings supporting its determination that each such local change is reasonably
necessary because of local climatic, geological, or topographical conditions.
Local building regulations having the effect of amending the uniform codes, which were adopted
by the City prior to November 23, 1970, were unaffected by the regulations of Sections 17958,
17958.5 and 17958.7 of the Health and Safety Code. Therefore, amendments to the uniform
codes which were adopted by the City Council prior to November 23, 1970 and have been carried
through from year to year without significant change, need no required findings. Also,
amendments to provisions not regulating buildings used for human habitation do not require
findings.
Code: California Green Building Standard Code, Title 24, Part 11
Chapter(s),
Sections(s),
Appendices
Title Add Deleted Amended Justification
(See below of keys)
Ch. 1 ADMINSTRATION A
101.4 Appendices A
Administration and Enforcement A
202 Definition A
301 Voluntary tiers added C, E
301.1 Scope C, E
301.1.1 Residential additions and alterations C, E
301.2 Low-rise and high-rise residential buildings C, E
301.2.1 Low-Rise residential new construction – Tier 2 adopted
C, E
301.3 Non-residential additions and alterations C, E
301.3.3 Non-residential new construction – Tier 2 C, E
301.6 Special inspector requirements C, E
301.7 Low-carbon concrete requirements for all projects
C, E
4.106 Site Development C, E
4.306 Swimming pool and spa covers C, E
4.509 Heat pump water heater C, E
702.2 Special Inspection C, E
A4.104 Site preservation C, E
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A4.105 Deconstruction and reuse of existing materials
C, E
A4.106.8 Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging for New Construction
C, E
A4.106.9 Bicycle parking C, E
A4.106.10 Light pollution reduction C, E
A4.203.1 Performance Approach for Newly Constructed Buildings
C , E
A4.304.3 Irrigation Metering Device C , E
A4.305 Water reuse systems C, E
A4.403.1 Frost protection foundation systems C, E
A4.403.2 Reduction in cement use C, E
A4.408.1 Enhanced Construction Waste Reduction C, E
A4.504.1 Compliance with formaldehyde limits C, E
A4.504.3 Thermal insulation C, E
5.106.1.1 Local stormwater pollution prevention C, E
5.106.8 Light pollution reduction C
5.106.13 All-electric buildings E
5.304.2 Invasive Species C, E
5.306 Non-residential enhanced water budget
E
5.307 Cooling tower water use C
A5.405.5 Cement and Concrete C, E
A5.408 Construction Waste Reduction, Disposal
and Recycling
C, E
5.410.4.6 Energy STAR portfolio manager C, E
5.410.4.7 Performance reviews – energy C, E
5.410.4.8 Performance reviews – water C, E
5.506.4 Indoor Air Quality Management Plan C, E
A4.106.8 Electrical Vehicle (EV) Charging for Residential Structures
C, E
A4.106.8.1 New One-family, two-family and
townhouse dwellings
C, E
A4.106.8.2 New Multi-family Dwellings C, E
A4.106.8.3 New hotels C, E
A5.106.5.3 Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging for non-
residential structures
C, E
A5.106.5.3.5 Non-Residential Structures other than
hotels
C, E
Appendix
A4
Residential Voluntary Measures
C, E
Appendix
A5
Non-Residential Voluntary Measures
C, E
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Key to Justification for Amendments to Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations
A This is an administrative amendment to clarify and establish civil and administrative
procedures, regulations, or rules to enforce and administer the activities by the Palo Alto
Building Inspection Department. These administrative amendments do not need to meet
HSC 18941.5/17958/13869 per HSC 18909(c).
C This amendment is justified on the basis of a local climatic condition. The seasonal climatic
conditions during the late summer and fall create severe fire hazards to the public health
and welfare in the City. The hot, dry weather frequently results in wild land fires on the
brush covered slopes west of Interstate 280. The aforementioned conditions combined
with the geological characteristics of the hills within the City create hazardous conditions
for which departure from California Building Standards Code is required. Natural gas
combustion and gas appliances emit a wide range of air pollutants, such as carbon
monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2)), particulate
matter (PM), and formaldehyde, which according to a UCLA Study, have been linked to
various acute and chronic health effects, and additionally exceed levels set by national
and California-based ambient air quality standards. The burning of fossil fuels used in the
generation of electric power and heating of buildings contributes to climate change,
which could result in rises in sea level, including in San Francisco Bay, that could put at
risk Palo Alto homes and businesses, public facilities, and Highway 101 (Bayshore
Freeway), particularly the mapped Flood Hazard areas of the City. Energy efficiency is a
key component in reducing GHG emissions, and construction of more energy efficient
buildings can help Palo Alto reduce its share of the GHG emissions that contribute to
climate change. All-electric new buildings benefit the health, safety, and welfare, of Palo
Alto and its residents. Requiring all-electric construction, without gas infrastructure will
reduce the amount of greenhouse gas produced in Palo Alto and will contribute to
reducing the impact of climate change and the associated risks. Due to decrease in annual
rain fall, Palo Alto experiences the effect of drought and water saving more than some
other communities in California. Embodied carbon of concrete is a significant contributor
to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, and this amendment includes a
requirement to use low-carbon concrete. Providing additional capacity for electric vehicle
use reduces use of gasoline which is a major contributor to climate change.
E Green building enhances the public health and welfare by promoting the environmental
and economic health of the City through the design, construction, maintenance,
operation and deconstruction of buildings and sites by incorporating green practices into
all development. The green provisions in this Chapter are designed to achieve the
following goals:
(a) Increase energy efficiency in buildings;
(b) Reduce the use of natural gas in buildings which improves indoor environmental
quality and health;
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(c) Reduce the use of natural gas which will reduce the natural gas infrastructure and
fire risk over time;
(d) Reduce the embodied carbon of concrete which reduces greenhouse gas
emissions;
(e) Increase water and resource conservation;
(f) Reduce waste generated by construction and demolition projects;
(g) Provide durable buildings that are efficient and economical to own and operate;
(h) Promote the health and productivity of residents, workers, and visitors to the city;
(i) Recognize and conserve the energy embodied in existing buildings;
(j) Increase capacity for use of electric vehicles which reduces greenhouse gas
emissions and improves air quality;
(k) Encourage alternative transportation; and
(l) Reduce disturbance of natural ecosystems.
G This amendment is justified on the basis of a local geological condition. The City of Palo
Alto is subject to earthquake hazard caused by its proximity to San Andreas fault. This
fault runs from Hollister, through the Santa Cruz Mountains, epicenter of the 1989 Loma
Prieta earthquake, then on up the San Francisco Peninsula, then offshore at Daly City near
Mussel Rock. This is the approximate location of the epicenter of the 1906 San Francisco
earthquake. The other fault is Hayward Fault. This fault is about 74 mi long, situated
mainly along the western base of the hills on the east side of San Francisco Bay. Both of
these faults are considered major Northern California earthquake faults which may
experience rupture at any time. Thus, because the City is within a seismic area which
includes these earthquake faults, the modifications and changes cited herein are designed
to better limit property damage as a result of seismic activity and to establish criteria for
repair of damaged properties following a local emergency. Reduction or eliminating of
natural gas infrastructure over time will reduce maintenance costs and fire risk in difficult
geological conditions.
T The City of Palo Alto topography includes hillsides with narrow and winding access, which
makes timely response by fire suppression vehicles difficult. Palo Alto is contiguous with
the San Francisco Bay, resulting in a natural receptor for storm and waste water run-off.
Also, the City of Palo Alto is located in an area that is potentially susceptible to liquefaction
during a major earthquake. The surface condition consists mostly of stiff to dense sandy
clay, which is highly plastic and expansive in nature. The aforementioned conditions
within the City create hazardous conditions for which departure from California Building
Standards Code is warranted. In addition, the reduction or elimination of natural gas
infrastructure reduces the likelihood of fire or environmental damage should they
become disrupted due to challenging topographic conditions during construction or
repair.
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Ordinance No. ___
Ordinance of the Council of the City of Palo Alto Repealing Chapter 16.17 of the
Palo Alto Municipal Code and Amending Title 16 to Adopt a New Chapter 16.17,
California Energy Code, 2022 Edition, and Local Amendments and Related
Findings
The Council of the City of Palo Alto does ORDAIN as follows:
SECTION 1. Chapter 16.17 of the Palo Alto Municipal is hereby amended by repealing in its
entirety Chapter 16.17 and adopting a new Chapter 16.17 to read as follows:
16.17 CALIFORNIA ENERGY CODE, Title 24, Part 6
16.17.050 2022 California Energy Code, Title 24, Part 6 adopted.
The California Energy Code, 2022 Edition, Title 24, Part 6 of the California Code of Regulations
together with those omissions, amendments, exceptions and additions thereto, is adopted and
hereby incorporated in this Chapter by reference and made a part hereof the same as if fully set
forth herein. Except as amended herein, all requirements of the California Energy Code, 2022
Edition, Title 24, Part 6 of the California Code of Regulations shall apply.
Unless superseded and expressly repealed, references in City of Palo Alto forms, documents and
regulations to the chapters and sections of the former editions of the California Code of Regulations,
Title 24, shall be construed to apply to the corresponding provisions contained within the California
Code of Regulations, Title 24, 2022. Ordinance No. 5485 of the City of Palo Alto and all other
ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby suspended and expressly repealed.
One copy of the California Energy Code, 2022 Edition, has been filed for use and examination of the
public in the Office of the Building Official of the City of Palo Alto.
16.17.010 Cross - References to California Energy Code.
The provisions of this Chapter contain cross-references to the provisions of the California Energy
Code, 2022 Edition, in order to facilitate reference and comparison to those provisions.
16.17.020 ADMINISTRATION & ENFORCEMENT OF 2022 CALIFORNIA ENEGY CODE
Administration and enforcement of this code shall be governed by Chapter 1, Division II of the
2022 California Building Code as amended by Palo Alto Municipal Code Chapter 16.04.
//
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16.17.030 Violations - Penalties.
It is unlawful for any person to violate any provision or to fail to comply with any of the
requirements of this Chapter or any permits, conditions, or variances granted under this Chapter.
Violators shall be subject to any penalty or penalties authorized by law, including but not limited
to: administrative enforcement pursuant to Chapters 1.12 and 1.16 of the Palo Alto Municipal
Code; and criminal enforcement pursuant to Chapter 1.08 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code. Each
separate day or any portion thereof during which any violation of this Chapter occurs or
continues shall be deemed to constitute a separate offense.
When the chief building official determines that a violation of this Chapter has occurred, the
chief building official may record a notice of pendency of code violation with the Office of the
County Recorder stating the address and owner of the property involved. When the violation has
been corrected, the chief building official shall issue and record a release of the notice of
pendency of code violation.
SECTION 2. The Council adopts the findings for local amendments to the California Energy Code,
2022 Edition, attached hereto as Exhibit “A” and incorporated herein by reference.
SECTION 3. The Council finds that this ordinance is exempt from the provisions of the California
Environmental Quality Act (“CEQA”), pursuant to Section 15061 of the CEQA Guidelines, because
it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the amendments herein adopted will
have a significant effect on the environment.
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
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SECTION 4. This Ordinance shall be effective on the thirty-first day after the date of its adoption.
INTRODUCED:
PASSED:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTENTIONS:
ATTEST:
____________________________ ____________________________
City Clerk Mayor
APPROVED AS TO FORM: APPROVED:
____________________________ ____________________________
Assistant City Attorney City Manager
____________________________
Director of Planning and
Development Services
____________________________
Director of Administrative Services