HomeMy WebLinkAboutStaff Report 13543
City of Palo Alto (ID # 13543)
City Council Staff Report
Report Type: Action Items Meeting Date: 11/1/2021
City of Palo Alto Page 1
Council Priority: Grade Separations
Title: Review Three Grade Separation Design Alternatives for Churchill
Avenue and Confirm Which Alternative(s) Continue Towards Selection of
Preferred Alternative, and Direction to City Staff for Conducting Additional
Studies for Consideration of Final/Preferred Alternative; and Authorize Staff
to Negotiate with AECOM for Additional Scope of Work for Amendment to
the Contract
From: City Manager
Lead Department: Transportation Department
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
With the completion of the XCAP review of rail grade separation options and presentation to
the City Council, the City Council directed staff at the April 26, 2021 Council meeting to come
back with a detailed review of the design alternatives still under consideration at each of these
rail crossings and to then provide direction on additional studies/next phase of the project.
The City Council’s current discussion follows more than 18 months of engagement and
deliberation by the Expanded Community Advisory Panel (XCAP). While many divergent issues
were discussed, the XCAP ultimately recommended for closure of Churchill Avenue with six of
nine members in favor of Churchill Avenue closure at this grade crossing. Option 2 with
pedestrian/bike crossing that runs down the middle of Churchill Avenue east of Alma, which
then proceeds under Alma and railroad tracks was the preferred option voted by seven of the
nine members. In addition, XCAP recommended closure of Churchill Avenue to consider
additional mitigations and studies.
On August 23, 2021, the City Council reviewed the details on the design alternatives under
consideration for Meadow Drive and Charleston Road railroad crossings (CMR 13435) and
eliminated the viaduct option for Meadow Drive and Charleston Road from further
consideration. At this meeting, Council also provided direction on additional studies to be
pursued for Meadow and Charleston alternatives under consideration that may provide greater
information in narrowing these alternatives further.
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This staff report provides detailed information on Churchill Avenue design alternatives and
seeks Council direction in pursuing additional studies that could assist further in selecting
preferred alternative(s).
The Discussion section of this staff report contains:
• Detailed Review of Charleston Road and Meadow Drive Grade Separation Alternatives
o Layout (Vehicular, Bike, Pedestrians) and Right of Way
o Traffic Circulation
o Noise & Vibration Analysis
o Outreach
o Construction & Engineering Challenges
o Project Cost
• Additional Studies, as described below
• Next Steps
The additional studies listed in this report for Churchill Avenue are identical to those presented
for Meadow Drive and Charleston Road Crossing as these studies have a similar scope of work
and there are cost efficiencies due to economy of scale. However, staff is seeking Council
guidance on the scope of additional studies that may be relevant to Churchill Avenue crossings
for consideration of the final alternative(s) to design and construct grade separation. Below is a
brief list of issues of interest previously identified by the City Council Members, the XCAP, and
community for consideration. Further details on each of these can be found under “Additional
Studies” in the report.
It should be noted that many of these studies are typically conducted later in a construction
project development process and focused on a primary rather than multiple alternatives. This
is reflected in the associated costs. In addition, conclusions from these studies must be
considered preliminary, since responsible agencies such as Caltrain will provide limited
guidance and feedback at the current conceptual design stage. Nonetheless, to the extent these
studies provide community stakeholders greater confidence in decision-making, the costs
involved represent a small percentage of the ultimate costs of grade separation construction.
• Track Review and Caltrain Coordination (estimated $90,000-$110,000): Palo Alto has
been identified in the Caltrain Business Plan as a potential location for high-growth
capacity improvements, including 4-tracks. To date, alternatives developed for the Rail
Program have only been evaluated for 2-tracks. Work to further define the ability of
grade separation alternatives to accommodate four tracks includes: Gather Data from
Caltrain, Evaluate Alternatives, Meet with Caltrain, Prepare memorandum report.
• Traffic Study Update (2040) (estimated $45,000-$55,000): Update to traffic analysis to
reflect a future forecast year of 2040 rather than the year 2030 forecasts will require the
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following specific tasks: Work to Model Land Use, Model Forecasts, Traffic Calculations,
Documentation.
• Design Refinement of Underpass Alternatives (estimated $125,000-$150,000):
Refinement of the Underpass Alternative at Meadow and Charleston requires additional
iteration of review to ensure that input from the PABAC and school committees should
be incorporated to further refine this alternative. As such staff requested the Consultant
for their support to develop the estimated costs and scope as follows: Enhance
Alternatives, Update Exhibits, Update Renderings, Update Cost Estimates, Update
Miscellaneous Items.
• Preliminary Geotechnical Investigations (estimated $130,000-$160,000): Data Collection
and Review – Groundwater and Geotechnical, Field Investigation – Two CPT Borings,
Memorandum Report – Draft and Final.
• Box Jacking System/Geotechnical Investigation & Feasibility Study (estimated $350,000-
$600,000): Data Collection and Review – Groundwater and Geotechnical, Construction
Methodology Evaluation, Construction Phasing / Sequencing, Cost Estimate, 3D
Animation, Memorandum Report.
• Shadow Analysis (Light Plane Review) (estimated $20,000-$25,000): 3D Model
Development, Shadow Study Analysis, Study Document Production and Final Report.
• Additional Noise Study (estimated $55,000-$65,000): Expand Study
Area/Measurements, Expand Analysis for Future Growth, Analyze Structural
Noise/Vibration, Update Noise Study Report.
• Storm Drainage Infrastructure (estimated $200,000 – $250,000): Evaluate Trench Storm
Drain Alternatives, A rough order-of-magnitude (ROM) cost will be developed for both
options. Evaluate Underpass Storm Drain Alternatives, Prepare Memorandum Report.
• Additional Outreach (estimated $15,000-$20,000): Conduct Meetings with Additional
Stakeholders, Prepare Meeting Notes.
• Urban Designer (estimated $100,000-$125,000): Urban Design / Public Realm
Opportunity Mapping opportunities for public realm improvements for each of the
three (3) alternatives and constraints urban design plan diagram will be created for each
of the three alternatives, Urban Design / Public Realm Design Enhancements conceptual
site plan for each alternative will be updated with the proposed public realm design
features, and Meetings.
• Conceptual Design for Ped/Bike Undercrossing at Seale And Loma Verde (estimated
$80,000-$100,000): Conceptual Layouts, Cost Estimates, 3D Renderings, and
Miscellaneous Public Outreach Materials.
• Sustainability (estimated $50,000-80,000): Sustainability Strategy Plan strategy to
identify major categories where sustainable materials and practices can be incorporated
into the final design of alternatives, and Bike/Ped Usage improvement in relation to the
grade separation alternatives.
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Note: The estimated scope and fee listed above for various studies is inclusive of work
anticipated for all three crossings (Churchill Avenue, Meadow Drive, and Charleston Road).
Most of these studies can be performed independently for each of the alternatives at these
crossings. However, there is a general economy of scale in performing similar work for a greater
number of alternatives and crossings. In addition, some of the studies such as Noise Study
update and Traffic Study Update for 2040, if conducted will be tied to update models for all
crossings concurrently. Box Jacking evaluation also us
BACKGROUND
With the proposed California High Speed Rail (CAHSR) using the Caltrain corridor and the
planned electrification of the Caltrain corridor that will increase the frequency of trains along
this corridor, the delays to the at-grade crossings are expected to increase significantly.
Therefore, City initiated the plan to consider grade separation at all four of the existing at-grade
crossings in Palo Alto. For the past decade, City engaged the public to help develop and
evaluate potential grade separation options at each of Palo Alto’s four Caltrain rail crossings.
Since 2017, the City’s focus has been mainly on the three existing grade crossings of Churchill
Avenue, Meadow Drive, and Charleston Road. The crossing at Palo Alto Avenue was separated,
to be integrated with the Downtown Coordinated Area plan. The planning process for the
development of alternatives at the three crossings of Churchill Avenue, Meadow Drive, and
Charleston Road was led by staff and consultants with public input coming through community
meetings. In 2018, City Council created a Citizen Advisory Panel (CAP) for advising staff and
consultants on developing alternatives and improving community outreach and
communications efforts. Later in 2019, City Council formed an Expanded Community Advisory
Panel (XCAP) for the evaluation of the Connecting Palo Alto railroad grade separation at these
three crossings (Churchill Avenue, Meadow Drive, and Charleston Road) along the Caltrain
corridor and to achieve greater community input for selection of the preferred alternative at
these three crossings.
The XCAP group met diligently over eighteen (18) months and completed the review of a total
of nine (9) alternatives and prepared a Final Report providing their recommendations to the
Council on March 23, 2021 (CMR 11797). At this study session, Council received the final XCAP
report and discussed major recommendations and findings from the report. Considering the
environmental challenges and the estimated costs for the South Palo Alto Tunnel alternatives,
the XCAP unanimously recommended that the Council remove the tunnel alternatives from
further consideration.
After the review of the XCAP report and considering the XCAP recommendation, the City
Council on April 26, 2021, removed the two tunnel alternatives 1) South Palo Alto Tunnel
(Passenger and Freight) 2) South Palo Alto Tunnel (With At-Grade Freight) from further
consideration for grade separation.
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For Meadow Avenue and Charleston Road crossings, City Council on August 23, 2021 discussed
the alternatives in detail and directed the following actions:
• Eliminate viaduct alternative.
• Establish a policy to engage with Caltrain on 4-tracks by City Council, Staff, and LPMG
representatives.
• Conduct preliminary geotechnical studies.
• Design refinements of Underpass alternatives to address current shortcomings including
the size of the roundabout, bike/ped connections, and right of way
• Continue work on the bike plan in parallel with consideration of construction time and
interaction with grade crossing plans;
• Obtain the cost for a second cost opinion of the Trench option, in particular to a
company with experience of trenches, underground or subterranean methods in parallel
to the geotechnical studies.
The current six (6) alternatives in consideration at these three crossings are as follows:
Churchill Avenue
Churchill Avenue Closure with Mitigation - Option 1 & 2
Churchill Avenue Viaduct
Churchill Partial Underpass
Meadow Drive and Charleston Road
Meadow Charleston Trench
Meadow Charleston Hybrid
Meadow Charleston Underpass
DISCUSSION
This agenda item presents a detailed review of the alternatives in considerations at Churchill
Avenue Crossings. Staff seeks City Council direction on whether to further narrow alternatives
by eliminating any of the current alternatives under consideration and any additional studies
desired for the selection of a preferred alternative.
Layout (Vehicular, Bike, Pedestrians) & Right of Way
Below is a summary of the layout and right of way that would result in each of the four
alternatives. Further explanation and details can be found below this summary table organized
by alternative (trench, viaduct, hybrid, and underpass).
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TABLE 1: Summary of Layout & Right of Way
Closure with
Mitigation (option 1)
Closure with
Mitigation (option
2) Viaduct Partial Underpass
Ve
h
i
c
u
l
a
r
Closed to through
Traffic at tracks. The
traffic will be routed
to other streets.
Closed to through
Traffic at tracks. The
traffic will be routed
to other streets.
No change to
traffic
movements.
Same as
existing
• WBT, EBT, SBL, and
WBL are not
permitted at Churchill
and Alma.
• Intersections on Alma
Street at Kellogg Ave
and Coolidge Ave will
be limited to right-in
and right-out only
Pe
d
e
s
t
r
i
a
n
The pedestrians will
use the traffic signal at
Alma to cross Churchill
Avenue and use ramps
that will run parallel to
RR tracks and crossing
under tracks north of
Churchill Avenue
The pedestrians will
use an
undercrossing that
will be crossing both
Alma Street and RR
crossing. This
crossing will be in
the middle of
Churchill Avenue.
The pedestrian
facilities will be
provided along
the roadway
and cross under
the viaduct on
existing grade.
The pedestrian and
bike crossing will be
provided at Kellogg
Avenue. No
pedestrian crossing
can be made at
Churchill Avenue
Bi
k
e
• The bicycles will use
traffic signals at Alma
to cross Churchill
Avenue and use
ramps that will run
parallel to RR tracks
and crossing under
tracks north of
Churchill Avenue.
• Ninety (90) degrees
bends to provide
minimum ramp
slopes meeting ADA
requirements.
The bicycles will use
the undercrossing
that will be crossing
both Alma Street
and RR crossing.
This crossing will be
in the middle of
Churchill Avenue.
The bicycle
facilities will be
provided along
the roadway
and cross under
the viaduct on
existing grade.
• The pedestrian and
bike crossing will be
provided at Kellogg
Avenue. No
pedestrian crossing
can be made at
Churchill Avenue
• Ninety (90) degrees
bends to provide
minimum ramp slopes
meeting ADA
requirements.
Ot
h
e
r
ROW impacts for
mitigations were not
identified, however
may likely require
some additional ROW
from fronting
properties.
ROW impacts for
mitigations were not
identified, however
may likely require
some additional
ROW from fronting
properties.
Churchill
Avenue will
require
widening
Will require partial
property acquisitions.
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Closure with Mitigation
For the Mitigation closure alternative, the railroad tracks will remain at their existing location
and at existing elevation. All existing traffic movements that occur by crossing over the railroad
tracks will be prohibited under this alternative. Churchill Avenue becomes a T-intersection with
Alma Street on the east side and ends at Mariposa Avenue on the west side. The vehicular
movements for eastbound (through, left, right) and westbound through movement will be
prohibited at this intersection with this alternative. These movements will be directed to other
roadways and therefore anticipated to affect other intersections, for which a traffic study was
conducted. The Traffic Circulation section of this report provides details on impacts. A
pedestrian/bike only undercrossing will accommodate pedestrian and bike traffic in this
alternative. Two options are proposed with this alternative based on the configuration and
layout of pedestrian/bike undercrossing.
Option 1: In this alternative the pedestrian and bike traffic cross the intersection of
Alma Street at the signalized intersection. The pedestrian bike crossing then runs
parallel to the railroad tracks and crosses under the railroad tracks on the north side of
Churchill Avenue, then ramps up on the other side of the railroad tracks. The
pedestrian/bike ramps on both sides of the tracks for the underpass at Churchill Avenue
will require surface encroachment inside Caltrain’s right-of-way.
Option 2: In this alternative option the pedestrian and bike undercrossing begins to
ramp down on the west side of Churchill Avenue (within the roadway) and uses
undercrossing to crosses under both the railroad tracks and Alma Street. It then ramps
up on the other side of the railroad tracks to meet at grade and connects to pedestrian
and bike facilities along Churchill Avenue
Ramps and stairs in varying configurations will provide access to the undercrossing for
pedestrians and cyclists. However, the grade on the pedestrian/bike ramp will not exceed 8%
with 5-foot landings. The pedestrian/bike ramp is planned to be 8-10 feet in width.
Partial ROW take may be needed for the intersections identified as part of the mitigations.
These impacts are not identified at this time.
Viaduct
For the viaduct alternative, the railroad tracks will be elevated on a structure over Churchill
Avenue. The new electrified railroad tracks will be built at the existing railroad alignment and
will begin rising north of Homer Avenue, remain elevated over Churchill Avenue, and return to
the existing elevation before California Avenue Station. The Stanford Game Day station will be
eliminated. The maximum railroad grade for this alternative will be 1.6% which will also
require a Caltrain design exception. The railroad tracks will be approximately 20 feet above the
existing street at Churchill Avenue Crossing.
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The Churchill Avenue will remain at its existing grade and have a similar configuration to what
exists today, with the addition of Class II buffered bike lanes. This addition will require
expanding the width of the road to maintain bike lanes through the underpass of the railroad
and to accommodate the new column supporting the railroad structure.
Partial Underpass
The partial underpass alternative retains the Caltrain tracks at the current grade. The Caltrain
tracks will be supported on a new rail bridge spanning across a lowered Churchill Avenue at
approximately its current location. This alternative will grade separate Churchill Avenue,
however, as this is a partial underpass, not all the traffic movements will be feasible with this
grade separation alternative. The through traffic movements in both eastbound and westbound
directions, the westbound left turn, and the southbound left turn at this intersection will no
longer be permitted. In addition, certain side streets intersecting Alma street will be limited to
right-in and right-out movements. The movements of traffic along these approaches are
described below.
Eastbound Traffic: Traffic on Churchill Avenue from the Paly Road/Castilleja Avenue
intersection will descend and pass under the railroad and terminate at a lowered, signal-
controlled, forming a T-intersection at Alma Street where vehicles can make a left turn
onto northbound Alma Street or a right turn onto southbound Alma Street. These lanes
will then ascend and return to grade along Alma Street.
Westbound Traffic: Traffic on Churchill Avenue from Emerson Street will terminate at
Alma Street. Right turns only (onto northbound Alma Street) will be permitted. Similarly,
westbound traffic on Kellogg Avenue and Coleridge Avenue approaching Alma Street
will be permitted to make right turns only onto northbound Alma Street. Traffic on
northbound Alma Street will be split near Coleridge Avenue.
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Northbound Traffic: The vehicles in the northbound lane will bear right to continue
going north and will remain at grade on existing Alma Street. This traffic will be
permitted to make right turns onto all connecting streets (Coleridge Avenue, Churchill
Avenue, Kellogg Avenue, etc.) approaching Emerson Street. Vehicles bearing left to
make a northbound left turn will descend to the T-intersection with Churchill Avenue
and be permitted to make left turns (under the railroad) onto westbound Churchill
Avenue approaching Paly Road/Castilleja Avenue and El Camino Real.
Southbound Traffic: Traffic on southbound Alma Street will operate as it does today,
however it will descend to meet at the T intersection formed by a partial underpass and
then come back up to meet at grade on Alma Street. Due to grade differential, the
southbound left turns onto Churchill Avenue cannot be permitted at this location. In
addition, left turns on southbound Alma Street onto Kellogg Avenue and Coleridge
Avenue will also not be permitted.
With this alternative, the pedestrian and bike crossing will be provided at Kellogg Avenue. From
westbound Kellogg Avenue, a 10-foot wide path will descend at the center of the road, at which
point widens to 20 feet and crosses under both Alma Street and the Caltrain tracks and
conforms at the Embarcadero Bike Path adjacent to Palo Alto High School. The pedestrian/bike
ramp on each side is approximately 220 to 250 feet long with width ranging from 10 to 20 feet,
and a maximum grade of 8% with 5-foot landings spaced 35 feet apart.
Multiple partial acquisitions of residential properties will be required to accommodate this
alternative. In addition, modifications to several driveways on Alma Street will also be needed
with this alternative. The southbound lane/shoulder on Alma Street and the pedestrian/bike
ramps on the west side of the tracks for the underpass at Kellogg Avenue will also require
surface encroachment inside Caltrain’s right-of-way.
Traffic Circulation
To review the traffic circulation, a traffic study was conducted by Hexagon Traffic consultants.
The study evaluated the existing traffic conditions based on the traffic counts conducted in
October 2019. The future traffic volumes were obtained from the traffic forecasts based on the
2016 Palo Alto Comprehensive Plan for future (Year 2030) conditions. The study analyzed traffic
operations during the weekday AM (7-9) and PM (4-6) peak commute hours. The traffic study
focuses on vehicular traffic operations; however, bicycle and pedestrian circulation have been
accounted for in the traffic analysis.
Closure with Mitigation
As described above, for the Churchill closure alternative, all existing traffic movements that
occur by crossing over the railroad tracks will be prohibited under this alternative. Therefore, a
Traffic Study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of the closure of Churchill Avenue across
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the railroad tracks. With the closure of Churchill Avenue west of the railroad tracks, Churchill
Avenue would no longer provide an east-west connection for vehicles across Alma Street.
The study indicated that the intersection of Alma and Churchill Avenue would operate at an
acceptable LOS C during both the AM and PM peak hours with existing and future traffic
volumes with the Churchill Closure Alternative with Mitigations (Table 2 & 3).
Table 2: Alma and Churchill Grade Separation Alternatives – Existing Traffic Volumes
Table 3: Alma and Churchill Grade Separation Alternatives – Future Traffic Volumes
However, the Closure Alternative would cause the existing traffic using the Churchill railroad
crossing to reroute to other crossings, creating traffic impacts on Embarcadero Road, Alma El
Camino Real, and Oregon Expressway/Page Mill Road. The impacts on the intersections on
these corridors were further studied to identify mitigation measures. To evaluate existing trip
patterns that currently use Churchill Avenue, an origin-destination (O-D) analysis was
conducted within the study area. The objective of this task was to determine how traffic would
be rerouted with Churchill closed. Data for a typical Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday for the
morning and afternoon hours during 2017, while schools in Palo Alto were in session (using the
Street Light Data platform) was used for evaluating trip patterns through the Alma Street and
Churchill Avenue intersection. Following six (6) intersections were identified to be impacted by
the rerouting of traffic due to Churchill Closure. The existing and future LOS for these
intersections is shown in Table 4
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1. Alma Street/Lincoln Avenue
2. Alma Street/Embarcadero Road
3. Alma Street/Kingsley Avenue
4. El Camino Real/Embarcadero Road
5. El Camino Real/Oregon Expressway-Page Mill Road
6. Alma Street/Oregon Expressway
Table 4: Churchill Closure – Impacted Intersections LOS
Mitigation Measures:
Potential mitigation measures were identified for the intersections that were shown to be
impacted as described below.
Alma Street Intersections (Intersection # 1, 2, and 3) - See Figure 1 for conceptual layout
• Restrict the intersection of Alma Street/Lincoln Street to right-in/right-out only
movements.
• Divert left-turning traffic off of Lincoln Avenue by adding a left-turn lane to the
Embarcadero Road slip ramp to facilitate left-turns onto Alma Street.
• Install traffic signals at the Alma Street/Embarcadero Road slip ramp and Alma
Street/Kingsley Avenue with one controller.
• Install a traffic signal at the Embarcadero Road/Kingsley Avenue intersection to allow
left turns from Kingsley Street onto westbound Embarcadero Road.
• Provide a 75 to 100-foot left-turn pocket on southbound Alma Street at Kingsley
Avenue.
• Provide two northbound travel lanes on northbound Alma Street at Kingsley Avenue.
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In addition, providing two northbound travel lanes on Alma Street at Kingsley Avenue would
require widening of the Alma Street bridge over Embarcadero Road, as the existing width of the
bridge can only accommodate three travel lanes on Alma Street. Therefore, widening would be
required and will include extensive modification or potential replacement of the existing bridge
structure. However, no additional right-of-way needs are anticipated on Alma Street, south of
Embarcadero Road.
Figure 1: Mitigation Measures (Conceptual layout for Alma Street Intersections - Lincoln,
Kinsley, & Embarcadero)
El Camino Real/Embarcadero Road (Intersection # 4)
The analysis showed that at the Congestion Management Program (CMP) intersection of El
Camino Real/Embarcadero Road, significant traffic impacts would occur due to reassigned
traffic. It is recommended that an additional westbound left-turn lane and a northbound right-
turn lane be provided along with signal optimization at this intersection. With these
improvements, the intersection of El Camino Real and Embarcadero Road would operate at
acceptable LOS E during both peak hours under existing and Year 2030 traffic volumes.
El Camino Real/Oregon Expressway-Page Mill Road (Intersection # 5)
El Camino Real/Oregon Expressway-Page Mill Road, also a CMP intersection, the traffic analysis
identified significant traffic impacts due to reassigned traffic. The report recommended a
westbound right-turn lane from Oregon Expressway to northbound El Camino Real along with
optimizing the signal timing. With these improvements, the intersection would operate at
acceptable levels of service during the AM and PM peak hours under existing conditions. Under
Year 2030 traffic conditions, the analysis shows that the intersection would continue to operate
at unacceptable LOS F with the proposed improvements. However, the intersection delay
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during both the AM and PM peak hours is projected to be lower than the intersection delay
without these improvements.
Alma Street & Oregon Expressway (Intersections # 6A and 6B)
The traffic analysis identified significant impacts to the intersections of Alma Street/Oregon
Expressway with the reassignment. The analysis determined that these intersections currently
meet the peak hour signal warrant and recommends traffic signals at both the on and off-ramps
With the proposed traffic signals at both the ramp locations, the intersections of Alma Street
and Oregon Expressway are projected to operate at acceptable LOS C or better during both
peak hours under existing and Year 2030 traffic conditions
The study indicated that these intersections in existing conditions and future conditions with no
improvements will be at LOS F. however with the implementing the proposed mitigation
measures, the LOS on these intersections for the future 2030 conditions will improve at most
locations. The future LOS for these intersections is shown in Table 5 below.
Table 5: Churchill Closure – Impacted Intersections LOS (Future 2030 Conditions)
Viaduct
Based on the traffic study for the Viaduct Alternative, the intersection of Alma/Churchill
operates at LOS F during both the AM and PM peak hours with or without Caltrain
electrification project, considering no additional improvements are performed at the grade
crossing. However, as Table 3 shows, the Viaduct Alternative will bring the intersection
operations to LOS D during the AM and LOS E during PM peak hours.
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Partial Underpass
This alternative proposes to separate Caltrain from Churchill Avenue but preserve access to
Alma street by keeping Churchill Avenue partially open via a modified underpass as described in
the layout section earlier in the report. The most significant traffic-flow change is that no
through traffic would be possible on Churchill Avenue across Alma Street. This alternative also
would separate the bicycle and pedestrian traffic crossing Alma Street from vehicular traffic by
providing a bridge over Churchill Avenue that connects to the bike trail next to Palo Alto High
School.
Because through traffic and some turning movements at Churchill would not be possible, some
traffic would reroute to other streets. The following traffic movements would need to reroute:
• Eastbound through traffic on Churchill – 90% of the traffic is expected to reroute to turn
left on Alma and travel north to use Embarcadero Road or one of the neighborhood
cross streets. 10% of the traffic is expected to turn right at Alma and use one of the
neighborhood cross streets.
• Westbound through traffic on Churchill Avenue – All traffic is expected to make a right
turn on Alma and travel north to use Embarcadero Road.
• Westbound left-turn traffic on Churchill Avenue – All traffic is expected to use another
of the neighborhood streets to access Alma.
• Southbound left-turn traffic on Alma Street – All traffic is expected to turn left into one
of the other neighborhood streets.
As shown in Table 2 and Table 3, the signalized intersection of Alma Street and Churchill
Avenue would operate at acceptable LOS C or better during both the AM and PM peak hour
periods with the existing and future traffic volumes.
Noise & Vibration Analysis
Noise Analysis
As part of the evaluation, a noise study was conducted to better understand the relative
benefits or penalties of the grade separation alternatives. A noise survey was conducted in the
study area to establish existing conditions in a variety of locations throughout the project. The
noise measurement locations were selected to represent a variety of noise-sensitive land uses
in the study area with an emphasis on residential land uses. Most measurement locations were
conducted at publicly accessible areas that were similar in distance and acoustical setting to
nearby residential locations with an emphasis on first and second-row homes (typically within
about 300 feet of the rail line and about 1500 feet of a grade crossing). Both short- and long-
term noise measurements were conducted to evaluate the noise study.
For each alternative, the noise levels were predicted for generalized locations of the first row
and second row of homes on both east and west side of the tracks. It was expected that at
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locations beyond second-row homes, train events may still be audible, but calculated noise
levels would be much closer to (or lower than) existing ambient noise levels.
The following table provides a summary of how the relative contributions of rail and road noise
sources may be expected to change as a function of proposed alternatives. Most noise source
levels will be reduced by most alternatives as they introduce more noise-reducing features such
as increased shielding from noise barriers or structures, however, it is noted that engine noise
viaduct alternative could increase slightly since the increased elevation of the rail path may
reduce the effectiveness of first-row shielding at second-row homes.
TABLE 6: Noise Source Changes by Alternative
In order to provide a quantitative comparison of relative acoustical benefits for these
alternatives, future noise levels were calculated for representative residential locations at
typical first and second-row homes to the east and west of the rail line. These calculations
followed the methodology and calculation methods presented in the Federal Transit
Administration’s (FTA) Transit Noise and Vibration Impact Assessment Manual (2018) and
assumptions were based on the Caltrain data provided in their environmental documents.
In addition to the alternatives in consideration, the noise study reviewed the additional
scenario with a beneficial 6-foot tall parapet barrier that was assumed for the viaduct
alternatives for the grade crossing closure and underpass alternatives. The following table
provides a summary of the results of the noise reduction based on the prediction analysis for
each alternative and each generalized receiver location
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TABLE 7: Predicted Noise Reduction Relative to Existing Condition by Alternative (dBA)
The study indicated that the biggest noise reduction would come from eliminating horn
soundings in the vicinity of grade crossings with typical reductions of 9 to 14 dBA (as
demonstrated by the “Existing vs. Closure” scenario). While all the studied alternatives will
provide the acoustical benefit of ending horn soundings, some will provide smaller additional
benefits.
Viaduct and hybrid alternatives will provide the additional benefit of reducing wheel/rail noise
at all receivers and the hybrid alternative will also help reduce Alma street road noise for
homes to the west of the rail line. The trench alternative will both provide significant reductions
for engine and wheel/rail noise.
Vibration Analysis
The movements of rail vehicles generate ground-borne vibration. According to FTA guidelines, a
passenger/freight rail line would have to pass within less than 20 feet of a typical residential
structure to potentially cause structural damage which would not be an issue with this project.
However, human perception of, and potential annoyance to ground-borne vibration could be
triggered in homes within 150-200 feet from the tracks. Under the current/existing conditions,
many of the first-row homes to both the east and west of the track are already within 200 feet
of the tracks and may already be experiencing perceptible vibrations from train pass-by events.
The vibration study conducted a relative qualitative assessment of changes in ground-borne
vibration level by proposed alternatives based on FTA guidance. The following table provides a
brief summary of the qualitative assessment.
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TABLE 8: Potential Change in Ground-Borne Vibration by Alternative
As indicated in the table above, most of the proposed alternatives would either create no
significant change or perhaps a slight improvement in ground-borne vibration. The viaduct
alternative may provide a significant improvement.
However, a more detailed ground vibration engineering analysis for the selected alternative at
each of the crossings will need to be completed to develop a more detailed vibration impact
assessment with detailed recommendations for vibration mitigation features to be
incorporated into the final design.
Outreach
During the XCAP process, community represented participated and provided feedback and
comments. The city staff and Consultant provided support at the XCAP meetings and conducted
studies, performed analysis, and provided additional technical information for the review of the
alternatives.
Earlier in 2020, before the pandemic began, the City hosted two well-attended Rail Town Hall
meetings and smaller neighborhood specific open house meetings to gain community input on
the rail alternatives and answer community questions. Staff also developed and released online
surveys and used social media, the City’s website, and electronic newsletters to inform, answer
questions and gain feedback from the community on this important City priority.
In addition, to further engage the community, City staff hosted a Virtual Town Hall from August
19, 2020 to September 14, 2020 gaining over 1,000 unique visitors to the online platform. This
virtual platform was designed to inform the community and seek feedback on the proposed
alternatives for grade separation at the three grade crossing locations of Churchill Avenue,
Meadow Drive, and Charleston Road. A summary report of Virtual Town Hall was provided as
an informational report to the City Council on November 30, 2020 (CMR 11759). Staff and XCAP
also provided project updates and related information to the Pedestrian and Bike Advisory
Committee (PABAC), City’s School Liaison Committee, and City School Traffic Committee. A shift
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to the Virtual Town Hall format was a direct result of the pandemic and the opportunity to
further community engagement through this project phase.
Construction & Engineering Challenges:
There are several Construction and Engineering challenges with each of these alternatives.
These challenges are described below and are summarized in the table to show the impact on
each alternative.
- Conformance of railroad grade with preferred maximum grade by Joint Peninsula Board
(JPB)/Caltrain. With the current design, the viaduct alternative on Churchill Avenue
exceeds Caltrain’s maximum preferred railroad grade. Therefore, it will require a design
exception from the JPB/Caltrain.
- Four Tracking of Caltrain: during the later stages of the conceptual plan development,
JPB/Caltrain indicated a need for four (4) tracking of its railroad line within the vicinity of
south Palo Alto may be needed to accommodate future Caltrain demands. As a result,
these designs shall accommodate the need of these future four tracks. These concepts
as planned has not been designed to accommodate these four (4) tracking requirement.
As such a future review and coordination with Caltrain will be needed.
- Underground Structure Conflicts: Installation of underground structures will impact the
underground facilities with the Closure and Partial Underpass Alternative.
- Ground Water Conditions: Due to the groundwater conditions partial underpass will
require pump stations for dewatering which will increase long-term maintenance costs
and risk of flooding due to pump stations. The partial underpass alternatives will require
dewatering near the intersections where improvements are constructed. In addition,
some dewatering will be required to construct footings for viaduct structures.
- Utility Relocation: Utility relocations will be required to remove any conflicts with
foundations and for any lowered construction conditions. For Closure with Mitigation
and partial Underpass Alternatives, the utility relocation will be encountered generally
at the pedestrian crossing locations, however, for the partial underpass alternative, such
utility relocations will be at the intersection also. In addition, for Viaduct, any utility
conflict within the foundations and pier structure will need relocation.
- Shoo-Fly/Temporary Rial System: Shoo-Fly /Temporary Rail system included temporary
electrification of the tracks will be required to accommodate all alternatives except for
the Closure with Mitigation Alternative based on the current design. For the Partial
Underpass alternative, the XCAP members shared an alternative methodology “Box
Jacking” that may be feasible. Such technique will require further evaluation and
Caltrain acceptance before determination of applicability for Underpass Alternative.
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- Traffic During Construction: For both Viaduct and Partial Underpass Alternatives, Alma
Street will be reduced to a two-lane roadway to accommodate shoofly. However, for
Underpass Alternative, during part of the construction, only one lane for northbound
direction will remain open. In addition, the west leg of Churchill Avenue will be closed
for part of the construction time period to perform sub-structure work to provide
intersection improvements for Partial Underpass Alternative.
- Construction Time Period. Both Churchill Avenue Closure with mitigation options and
Viaduct Alternatives are anticipated to take two (2) years to construct, whereas the
Partial Underpass Alternatives is anticipated to take two and a half years (2-1/2) to
three (3) years. The construction duration for the Partial Underpass Alternative,
however, may change depending upon the construction means and methods.
TABLE 9: Summary of Construction and Engineering Challenges
LOCATION/
DESCRIPTION
CLOSURE
W/MITIGATIONS VIADUCT PARTIAL UNDERPASS
Construction Period 2 Years 2 Years 2.5-3 Years
Railroad Grade - 1.6% -
Shoo-Fly /Temp Rail
System NO Yes Yes /Alt Tech
Utility Relocation Yes, at Ped/Bike
Crossings
Yes, Conflicts with
Foundations
Yes, at Crossings and
Ped Bike Crossing
Closure on Alma - Reduced to 2 lanes,
No turn lanes
Reduced to 2 lanes, 1NB
lane only during part of
construction
Intersection
Closures/impacts - Minor Widening
West Leg of Churchill
will be closed during
part of construction
Dewatering &
Excavation - - Yes, significant at
intersection
Long term dewatering - - Pump Station
Project Cost
The high-level cost breakdown based on the current designs is shown in the following table.
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TABLE 10: Summary of Project Cost
LOCATION/
DESCRIPTION
CLOSURE
W/MITIGATION VIADUCT
PARTIAL
UNDERPASS
Roadway & Railroad Items $22M to $24M $55M to $73M $70M to $86M
Structure Items $4M to $9M $115M to $152M $8M to $10M
Right-Of-Way & Utilities $4M to $7M $16M to $20M $24M to 30M
Support Costs $11M to $14M $60M to $80M $28M to $36M
Escalation To 2025 Dollars $9M to $11M $54M to $75M $30M to $38M
Total Project Costs $50M to $65M $300M to $400M $160M to $200M
Construction Period 2 Years 2 Years 2.5 - 3 Years
Additional Studies
With the presentation of the XCAP Final Report to the City Council at the study session on
March 23, 2021 and final recommendations on April 26, 2021, several concerns were brought
up by the City Council and the XCAP that would require additional studies and consultant
support in order to fully address in reviewing the alternatives. Subsequently, staff requested
the project Consultant AECOM to provide estimated scope and costs for the additional studies
and revisions that may be helpful in further reviewing the alternatives in consideration for the
selection of the preferred alternative(s). These additional studies were identified for all
alternatives including Meadow Drive and Charleston Road grade separation alternatives. On
August 23, 2021 staff presented the details of the additional studies and staff
recommendations.
Similarly, for Churchill Avenue, these studies are presented again to seek direction from the
Council on additional studies that would help in further narrowing the alternative selection. It
should be noted that many of these studies are typically conducted later in a construction
project development process and focused on a primary rather than multiple alternatives. This
is reflected in the associated costs. In addition, conclusions from these studies must be
considered preliminary, since responsible agencies such as Caltrain will provide limited
guidance and feedback at the current conceptual design stage. Nonetheless, to the extent these
studies provide community stakeholders greater confidence in decision-making, the costs
involved represent a small percentage of the ultimate costs of grade separation construction.
The additional studies with estimated scopes and fees are listed below.
It is worth noting, when considering further studies to be conducted, the distinct roles of City
staff and our consultant team. As noted above, many of the studies described below are
typically conducted later in project development. As such, neither staff nor our consultants are
advocating for advancing these studies at this time. At the same time, the consultant team
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brings the subject matter expertise and resources needed to provide the additional analysis
desired to support decision-making. Staff will negotiate with our consultants on study scopes
and fees based on Council direction. Should Councilmembers believe that further studies would
more appropriately be conducted by independent organizations, staff would like to discuss any
concerns. The schedule, cost effectiveness, and workload effect of such direction should be
considered, while recognizing that ultimately staff could pursue separate procurements for the
required services.
Overall, the estimated scope and fee listed above for various studies is inclusive of work
anticipated for all three crossings (Churchill Avenue, Meadow Drive, and Charleston Road). In
general, these costs are not directly proportional to the number of crossings. Depending upon
the City Council direction, if a particular item needs exclusion from further study at any of the
crossings, the scope will be reviewed and negotiated with the consultant. Discussion and
direction from the Council on priorities within these potential additional studies will help staff
manage project costs and ensure continued progress on the evaluation of the alternatives
within resources.
Track Review and Caltrain Coordination: Estimated fee* $90,000-$110,000.
JPB/Caltrain has adopted the moderate-growth improvement program as outlined in its
Business Plan (https://caltrain2040.org/). However, JPB also indicated that the high-growth
improvement program should not be precluded. Palo Alto has been identified in the Business
Plan as a location for the high-growth improvements, including 4-tracks. To date, alternatives
developed for the Rail Program have been evaluated for 2-tracks. Identifying the implications of
each alternative with 4-tracks will require additional engineering analysis.
• Gather Data from Caltrain: Meet with Caltrain to gather more information about what
the limits of the 4-track alignment would be and what the typical section would be along
the limits and at the stations.
• Evaluate Alternatives: Conduct a high-level analysis of the impacts of 4-tracks for each
alternative still under consideration (MC Viaduct, MC Hybrid, MC Trench, MC
Underpass, CH Viaduct, CH Underpass, and CH Closure) by overlaying Caltrain’s 4-track
geometry over the proposed 2-track. Identify a list of significant impacts for each
alternative. Determine if the alternatives are still feasible with 4-tracks or does not
preclude 4-tracks in the future. Note: This task assumes no animations or photo
simulations or updates to existing exhibits.
• Meet with Caltrain: Meet with Caltrain to review the evaluation of alternatives and
gather additional feedback on the feasibility and impacts of each.
• Prepare memorandum report: Prepare a draft and final memorandum report that
documents the evaluation of the 4-track alignment and feedback received from Caltrain.
Incorporate one-set of consolidated comments from the City and Caltrain on the draft
technical memorandum.
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Traffic Study Update (2040): Estimated fee* $45,000-$55,000
During the study session and the XCAP recommendations, there was a discussion to review the
traffic conditions with the future forecast of 2040 rather than the 2030 forecasts that have
been used in the traffic study. While explained that the forecast reflects Comprehensive Plan
buildout rather than a specific year, additional land use forecasts could be incorporated in
order to update the traffic model. The update to traffic analysis to reflect a future forecast year
of “2040” rather than the year 2030 forecasts will require the following specific tasks.
• Model Land Use: Palo Alto has not identified any growth beyond 2030, which is
considered the horizon for the Comprehensive Plan. Therefore, for the traffic analysis
zones (TAZ) within Palo Alto, the land use data will be the same as the 2030 forecasts.
Outside of Palo Alto, Hexagon will update the land use data to year 2040 using the latest
version of the VTA model.
• Model Forecasts: Consultant (Hexagon) will run the Palo Alto model and produce traffic
volume forecasts for the major streets in Palo Alto in the study area. These forecasts will
be used to calculate growth factors, and the growth factors will be applied to the
existing intersection turning movement counts from the prior traffic study. This will
yield an estimate of intersection turning movement counts for 2040.
• Traffic Calculations: The 2040 forecast intersection turning movements will be used to
recalculate intersection levels of service for the project alternatives. There are 11
project alternatives, and calculations will be done for the AM and PM peak hours. Thus,
22 scenarios will be included in the study.
• Documentation: Consultant (Hexagon) will prepare a revised traffic report that updates
the long-range analysis to year 2040. The existing conditions analysis will remain
unchanged.
Design Refinement Of Underpass Alternatives: Estimated fee* $125,000-$150,000
The XCAP in their presentation to the City Council recommended that the Underpass
Alternative at Meadow and Charleston undergo an additional design iteration to incorporate
input from the PABAC and school committees. As such staff requested the Consultant for their
support to develop the estimated costs and scope as follows:
• Enhance Alternatives: Refine the three underpass alternatives (Churchill, Meadow, and
Charleston) by including input received by the XCAP, the school committees, and the
ped/bike advisory committees (PABAC, etc.).
Note: This task assumes the railroad profiles remains at-grade.
• Update Exhibits: Update the plan, profile and typical section exhibits for each of the
three alternatives.
• Update Renderings: Update the 3D CAD model and still image renderings to include all
refinements, including those not captured previously (U-turn at Alma Plaza, for
example).
Note: This task does not include animations or photo simulations.
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• Update Cost Estimates: Update the quantities, and cost estimates for each alternative.
Note: If the unit costs get updated, then additional time will need to be added to update
all other alternatives too for consistency.
• Update Miscellaneous Items: Update the Evaluation Matrix, Fact Sheets, website
materials and VR room materials/exhibits based on the refinements.
Preliminary Geotechnical Investigations: Estimated fee* $130,000-$160,000
The XCAP in their presentation to the City Council recommended that the review of the
subsurface conditions will provide a better understanding of the groundwater condition for the
design of underground structures. As a result, staff requested the consultant to provide scope
for the preliminary geotechnical investigation.
• Data Collection and Review – Groundwater and Geotechnical: Collect available
geotechnical and groundwater data from adjacent projects. This could include data from
Santa Clara Water District channel projects, Caltrans Local Bridges, and other sources.
• Field Investigation – Two CPT Borings: Once the existing available data has been
collected and reviewed, a recommendation to conduct a limited geotechnical field
investigation to confirm data closer to proposed bridge and retaining wall structures.
For this effort, two Cone Penetrometer Test (CPT) borings are anticipated.
Recommendations for further detailed geotechnical field investigations will be
evaluated but deferred to the next level of design. The purpose of this limited
geotechnical investigation is to confirm design assumptions made during this design
phase.
• Memorandum Report – Draft and Final: The data collected in the stated tasks above
will be summarized in a memorandum. The memorandum will also discuss further
investigation needed for detailed design as well as confirm assumptions used for bridge
and retaining walls foundations.
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Box Jacking System/Geotechnical Investigation & Feasibility Study: Estimated fee* $350,000-
$600,000
The XCAP in their presentation to the City Council recommended an additional review of the
newer more advanced technologies such as “Box Jacking” could expedite the project and may
also eliminate the need of shoofly thereby reducing the construction costs. Based on this
recommendation, staff requested the consultant to provide scope for evaluating the feasibility
of such a system. The scope for this work includes the preliminary geotechnical investigation
and described below.
• Data Collection and Review – Groundwater and Geotechnical: The scope described in
the task above for Preliminary Geotechnical investigation for data collection and field
investigations is also be included in this task. In addition to the CPT described in the task
above, one exploratory boring would be taken at each crossing location to supplement
the data collected from the CPT.
• Construction Methodology Evaluation: Data collected in the above task will be used to
determine the feasibility of a relatively long-span (40-60 feet or possibly longer) box
culvert-like structure to support the various loading conditions (dead load, live load,
lateral and vertical seismic loads, and buoyancy due to groundwater).
• Construction Phasing / Sequencing: In this task, the various components involved with
the set up and operation of a box jacking system will be evaluated, such as dewatering
of the excavation pit, the size of the pit and the extent of the temporary shoring, utility
conflicts and the potential need for relocations, the maintenance of vehicular traffic and
Caltrain’s overhead contact system.
• Cost Estimate: Prepare a rough order-of-magnitude (ROM) cost for the box jacking
system.
• 3D Animation: Prepare a 3D animation of the steps anticipated to complete the
installation of a box culvert-like substructure via a box jacking system.
• Memorandum Report: The information in the tasks stated above would be summarized
in a technical memorandum. It also includes the incorporation of one round of
comments is (one Draft and one Final report).
Cost Details: Geotechnical Investigation $120,000-$150,000; Structural Analysis $230,00-
$450,000
Shadow Analysis (Light Plane Review): Estimated fee* $20,000-$25,000
• XCAP recommended that the shadow of the overhead structures may impact the
residential properties adjacent to the tracks and shall be studied for such alternatives.
Staff requested the consultant to provide the scope and fee for such work. The
proposed scope by the consultant is as described below: 3D Model Development
- Collect geolocation info (Lat/Long and Elevation data) for correct sun angle
- Complete topology and surface conditions
o Note: This does not include a Lidar scan, it’s assumed that 3D information
from public sources (i.e., Google Earth) are used
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- Complete object 3D model (features that will cast shadows)
- Complete subject 3D model (features that will receive shadows)
- Model other details, as needed (trees, etc.)
• Shadow Study Analysis
- Shadow Study Analysis
o Note: One specific day of the year will be selected for the analysis
- Organization and Preparation: Study imagery combined with analytics
- Add Legend/Icons/Notes
• Study Document Production and Final Report
- Image and document post-production using Adobe Illustrator and Photoshop
- Combine multiple studies using Adobe InDesign
- Address comments and complete final report
Assumptions for these studies:
• Three sites (Churchill, Meadow, and Charleston) and two alternatives (Viaduct at each
and a Hybrid at Meadow and Charleston) will be studied.
• Each site has three proposed subjects (buildings) to be analyzed.
• Each site will have several buildings that can be used to extrapolate shadow study
analytics for that area. Structures predicted to receive the most shading will be the
subjects for study.
• The estimate includes one study at Churchill (Viaduct), two studies each at Meadow and
Charleston (Viaduct and Hybrid).
• Fifteen (15) shadow analyses will be completed; three (3) at Churchill, six (6) at
Meadow, and six (6) at Charleston. Each one will include an analysis of shadow impact
on the target structure and a visual of the shadow path, sun angles, and other
simulation details. Studies for each site will be combined and annotated according to
any given constraints. For example, a pass/fail system based on a maximum number of
shade hours a target structure is allowed to receive.
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Additional Noise Study: Estimated fee* $55,000-$65,000
The XCAP and community members were concerned with the lack of the extent of the noise
study. As a result, staff requested the consultant to provide scope for the expanded study area
and to include future growth of Caltrain as part of this study. The proposed scope by the
consultant is as described below:
Expand Study Area/Measurements: Conduct additional noise measurements, going further
back into the adjacent residential neighborhoods (perhaps 3 or 4 rows in a few locations
near grade crossings) to determine the contribution of existing train noise relative to non-
train ambient noise levels at these locations and incorporate these findings into the
evaluation of the various grade separation alternatives.
• Expand Analysis for Future Growth: Expand the noise analysis to consider the
comparative influence of the future growth scenarios (see table below) on the projected
relative effectiveness of the proposed grade-crossing design alternatives.
TABLE 9: Trains per Day, Caltrain Corridor
Scenario Year
(Est.)
Type of Train Comment
Caltrain Freight HSR
Existing 2020 92 3 0 All diesel Locos
Electrification 2024 114 3 0 All EMU (used in current
analysis)
Baseline growth 2040 174 3 130 Per Caltrain Business Plan
Moderate growth 2040 268 3 130
High Growth 2040 348 3 130
Source: Caltrain Business Plan
• Analyze Structural Noise/Vibration: Conduct a limited literature review to collect data
and support technical conclusions regarding the relative acoustical contribution of
modern viaduct structures such as those proposed for use in the viaduct alternative.
• Update Noise Study Report: Update the technical noise report document to incorporate
all three of the preceding expanded analyses and present the result (remotely) at a City
Council meeting and incorporate one round of comments into a final report document.
Storm Drainage Infrastructure: Estimated fee* $200,000 – $250,000
• This item is primarily covering the major storm drainage infrastructure that will impact
the trench alternative for Meadow Charleston and therefore not applicable for
Churchill Avenue.
• Evaluate Trench Storm Drain Alternatives: An evaluation of a siphon or a lift station
options will be performed for the creek crossing based on the trench grade separation
alternative. The following items will be considered:
- Environmental issues/concerns (e.g., impact to creek habitat)
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- Permit requirements (RWQCB, SCVWD, FEMA, USACE, Department of Fish and
Game)
- Flooding potential and impacts
- Maintenance issues and long term requirements
- Design Options and conceptual details (depth of siphon, entrance/exit slope and
length, etc.)
- Utility conflicts and impacts
- Temporary shoring requirements
- Traffic impacts during construction
- Right-of-way impacts
- Groundwater and aquifer impacts
A rough order-of-magnitude (ROM) cost will be developed for both options.
• Evaluate Underpass Storm Drain Alternatives: Drainage requirements for the
underpass alternatives will be determined. For example, the size of the pump station,
and the location of a motor control center (MCC) building, and potential right-of-way
impacts, will be considered. A ROM cost will also be included.
• Prepare Memorandum Report: The information from the evaluation will be
summarized in a technical memorandum. Incorporation of one round of comments is
assumed (one Draft and one Final report).
Additional Outreach: Estimated fee* $15,000-$20,000
• Conduct Meetings with Additional Stakeholders: Conduct separate virtual meetings
with Palo Alto Unified School District (PAUSD), Stanford, and the Palo Alto Bicycle
Advisory Committee (PABAC) to review the alternatives still under consideration (MC
Viaduct, MC Hybrid, MC Trench, MC Underpass, CH Viaduct, CH Underpass, and CH
Closure). A total of three meetings with the stakeholder are anticipated.
• Prepare Meeting Notes: Prepare draft and final meeting notes for each that document
the feedback received from each stakeholder. Develop a list of revisions to be
considered at the next phase of design. Incorporate one-set of consolidated comments
from the City and Caltrain on the draft technical memorandum. Note: This task does not
include revising/updating any previously prepared exhibits or changing the location of
the ped/bike undercrossing.
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Urban Designer: Estimated fee* $100,000-$125,000
The XCAP members asked the staff to explore the possibility to bring in the urban designer for
review of the alternatives. Staff requested the consultant to provide scope for such services.
The scope of work is described as follows:
• Urban Design / Public Realm Opportunity Mapping: Identify opportunities for public
realm improvements for each of the three (3) alternatives that considers landscaping,
public art, pedestrian, and bicycle network enhancements and other placemaking
strategies that benefit the community as well as the environment. An opportunities and
constraints urban design plan diagram will be created for each of the three alternatives.
• Urban Design / Public Realm Design Enhancements: Building on the analysis in
opportunity mapping task, the layout of potential public realm enhancements that
provide co-benefits to the community will be prepared. Strategies that will be
considered includes urban greening, integration of public art, aesthetic character of
walls and hardscape, and an overall human-centric approach to design that enhances
the experience for the public. A conceptual site plan for each alternative will be updated
with the proposed public realm design features. Note: This task does not include
renderings, animations or photo simulations.
• Meetings: Two (2) team members to attend up to eight (8), virtual team coordination
meetings.
Conceptual Design for Ped/Bike Undercrossing At Seale And Loma Verde: Estimated fee*
$80,000-$100,000
The XCAP in their presentation to the City Council indicated concerns about the limited
pedestrian bike crossings across the Caltrain corridor. The interest of the XCAP was to provide
for these facilities prior to construction of grade separation alternatives so that there is
adequate mobility across the corridor. As a result, staff requested the consultant to provide
scope for such services. The scope of work is described as follows:
• Conceptual Layouts: Develop plan, profile and typical section exhibits for a ped/bike
undercrossing at two locations: Seale Ave/Peers Park and Loma Verde Ave.
• Cost Estimates: Develop a conceptual-level cost estimate at each location to the same
level of detail that was done for the previous alternatives.
• 3D Renderings: Create a 3D CAD model of the conceptual designs and provide up to six
(6) computer-generated renderings and two (2) photo simulations at each location.
• Miscellaneous Public Outreach Materials: The two concepts will be added to the
Evaluation Matrix. Fact Sheets for each will be provided, and exhibits will be uploaded
to the website. In addition, the VR room will be updated accordingly.
This Council discussed and directed the staff to continue work on the bike plan in parallel with
consideration of construction time and interaction with grade crossing plans.
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Sustainability: Estimated fee* $50,000-$80,000
The community members and the City Council indicated interest in the sustainability factors for
these alternatives. As a result, staff requested the consultant to provide scope for such services.
The scope of work is described as follows:
• Sustainability Strategy Plan: All of the alternatives developed to date can incorporate
sustainability practices into the design. This task will develop a strategy to identify major
categories where sustainable materials and practices can be incorporated into final
design of alternatives.
• Bike/Ped Usage: Lowering greenhouse gases usage factors into the sustainable design
of an alternative. Pedestrian and bicycle facilities factor into reduced greenhouse gases.
This task would evaluate how bike/ped facilities can be improved in relation to the
grade separation alternatives.
*The estimated scope and fee listed above for various studies is inclusive of work anticipated
for all three crossings (Churchill Avenue, Meadow Drive, and Charleston Road). Most of these
studies can be performed independently for each of the alternatives at these crossings.
However, there is a general economy of scale in performing similar work for a greater number
of alternatives and crossings. In addition, some of the studies such as Noise Study update and
Traffic Study Update for 2040, if conducted will be tied to update models for all crossings
concurrently. Box Jacking evaluation also us. Therefore, these costs are not directly
proportional to the number of crossings. Depending upon the City Council direction, if a
particular item needs exclusion from further study at any of the crossings, the scope will be
reviewed and negotiated with the consultant.
Next Steps
• Following the City Council's review of alternatives in detail and possible narrowing of
alternatives and direction from the City council on the additional studies, staff will
negotiate with AECOM Consultants, the final scope and fee for this additional work.
Staff will then return to Council for approval of an amendment to the existing consultant
contract for expanded scope of work needed to accomplish additional work.
• Perform additional studies of selected alternatives as directed at each of the locations
and bring back additional information for Council consideration.
• Rail Committee to discuss the financial consideration, when substantive information
from the additional studies becomes available.
• Direction from the City Council on the final selection of the preferred alternative at each
of the three crossings.
• Direction to staff for preparing the initial Project Study Report (PSR) that provides the
summary of actions and demonstrates the purpose, need and provides the scope of the
project which is necessary to complete studies and the work needed for project
approval and environmental design.
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The selection of preferred alternatives will therefore lead to the development of preliminary
engineering and preparation of environmental documents including the associated
Environmental Impact Report (EIR). The completion of Environmental documents will better
position the City to seek grant funding from Federal and State programs for such projects.
Depending upon the timing and funding availability, after the approval of EIR, the project will
move towards completion of final design documents and then followed by construction of
project improvements.
RESOURCE IMPACT
Preliminary scope and cost estimates to conduct additional studies were developed for all three
rail crossings (Churchill Avenue, Meadow Drive, and Charleston Road) for Council’s review and
consideration for further staff direction. The recommendation to perform additional studies
needed to select the preferred alternative will result in direct resource impact. Amendment to
the Consultant Contract for performing these additional studies will be brought forward for
Council approval.
Funding for the grade separation project of $2.3 million is programmed in the FY 2022 Adopted
Capital Improvement Budget for Railroad Grade Separation Project (PL-17001) that includes
funding from 2016 Measure B Local Streets and Roads. The anticipated costs of the all the
studies for these crossings is estimated to range between $1.25M to $1.73M. Funding for
future years is subject to City Council approval through the annual budget process.
Direction from the City Council regarding further work, outside those recommended in this
report, on the grade separation projects may lead to future resource impacts. As City Council
direction is provided, corresponding budget adjustments will be brought forward for approval
as appropriate. Rail grade separation projects are historically funded by the General Capital
Improvement Fund through funding sources such as Measure B, SB1 and in or through General
Fund support. Additional funding allocations will need to be taken into consideration of
competing needs and limited funding remaining as part of the general Capital Improvement
Fund.
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
The proposed action is part of a planning study for a possible future action, which has not been
approved, adopted, or funded and is therefore exempt from the California Environmental
Quality Act (CEQA) in accordance with CEQA Guidelines Section 15262. The future decision to
approve the construction of any one of the identified potential alternatives would be subject to
CEQA and require the preparation of an environmental analysis. Environmental review and
design for the grade separation project will be performed in the subsequent steps of the
project development.
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