HomeMy WebLinkAboutStaff Report 7276
City of Palo Alto (ID # 7276)
City Council Staff Report
Report Type: Informational Report Meeting Date: 9/26/2016
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Summary Title: Energy Risk Management Report
Title: City of Palo Alto's Energy Risk Management Report for the Second and
Third Quarters of Fiscal Year 2016
From: City Manager
Lead Department: Administrative Services
Recommendation
This is an informational report and no City Council action is required.
Executive Summary
Staff continues to purchase electricity and gas in compliance with the City’s Energy Risk
Management Policies, Guidelines, and Procedures. This report is based on market prices and
load and supply data as of June 30, 2016, the end of the third and fourth quarters of Fiscal Year
(FY) 2016.
The projected cost of the City’s fixed-price electricity purchases is $0.79 million higher than the
market value of that electricity as of June 30, 2016 for the 36-month period beginning July 1,
2016.
In the third and fourth quarters of FY 2016 (January 1, 2016 through June 30, 2016) the City’s
credit exposure to fixed price contracts is minimal. The projected Electric Supply Operations
Reserve is above the FY 2016 minimum guideline reserve level and the projected gas reserve is
within the FY 2016 guideline reserve level range.
There were no exceptions to the Energy Risk Management Policies, Guidelines, or Procedures
to report during the third and fourth quarters of FY 2016.
Background
The purpose of this report is to inform the Council about the status of the City’s energy
portfolio and transactions executed with energy suppliers as of the end of the third and fourth
quarters of FY 2016. The City’s Energy Risk Management Policy requires that staff report on a
quarterly basis to Council on: 1) the City’s energy portfolio; 2) the City’s credit and market risk
profile; 3) portfolio performance; and 4) other key market and risk information. Due to
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continued staffing transitions, this report (again) covers activity for two quarters, in the future;
the quarterly reports will be for a single quarter.
The City’s Energy Risk Management Policy describes the management organization, authority,
and processes to monitor, measure, and control market risks. “Market risks” include price and
counterparty credit risk. These are risks that the City is exposed to on a regular basis in
procuring electric supplies and to a lesser extent for gas supplies which are purchased now at
market rates via a monthly index price. The energy risk management section is located in the
Treasury Division of the Administrative Services Department. Its role is to monitor and mitigate
these risks.
This third and fourth quarters FY 2016 energy risk management report contains information on
the following:
Electric Supplies
Hydroelectricity
Fixed-Price Forward Electricity Purchases
Gas Supplies
Credit Risk
Electric Forward Mark-to-Market Values
Electric and Gas Supply Operations Reserves Adequacy
Exceptions to Energy Risk Management Policies, Guidelines, or Procedures
Discussion
Electric Supplies
In order to serve the City’s electric supply demands, the City obtains electricity from:
hydroelectric resources (from Western and Calaveras Hydroelectric Projects); long-term
renewable energy contracts (from landfill gas converted to electricity, wind, and solar projects);
wholesale purchases which are carried out via fixed-priced forward market purchase contracts;
and the electric spot market.
Figure 1 below illustrates the projected sources and expected purchases of electricity supplies
by month for the 36 months from July 2016 to June 2019, in megawatt-hours (MWh).
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Hydroelectricity
The projected cost of hydroelectricity received from Western over the 12-month period ending
June 2016 is higher than its market value of electricity by $5.4 million. Hydroelectric power
from Calaveras is expected to cost $9.4 million more than the market value of electricity for the
same period. Note that Calaveras provides benefits not reflected in the mark-to-market (MTM)
calculation, including, for example, ancillary services (e.g., the ability to regulate energy output
when the electric grid needs change).
Fixed-Price Forward Electricity Purchases
The City as of June 30, 2016 has purchased fixed-priced supplies of electricity totaling 69,880
MWh for delivery between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017. The average price for all of the fixed-
price purchases is $34.26 per MWh. The City contracted for these purchases with two of its
approved counterparties: NextEra and Shell Energy North America (SENA). The 12-month MTM
value of the City’s forward transactions for wholesale power was negative $0.1 million at the
end of the quarter, respectively. In other words, the purchase cost (contract price) for these
transactions was higher than the market value as of June 30, 2016. The figures below represent
the electric forward volumes (Figure 2) and MTM positions (Figure 3) for each electric supplier
by month of delivery for all forward fixed-price electricity contracts over the 12-month period
ending June 30, 2016.
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Gas Supplies
In order to serve the City’s natural gas needs, the City purchases gas on the monthly and daily
spot markets. The City purchases all its forecasted gas needs for the month ahead at a price
based on the published monthly spot market index price for that month. Within the month, the
City’s gas operator buys and sells gas to match the City’s daily needs if the actual daily usage is
different from the forecasted daily usage. Those daily transactions are made at an average price
based on the published daily spot market index.
Credit Risk
Staff monitors and reports on counterparty credit risk based on the major credit rating agencies
(S&P and Moody’s) scores, Ameresco has a 2.1 current Expected Default Frequency (EDF) which
is above the recommended EDF level. Ameresco provides renewable (electricity) energy by
developing and operating landfill gas-fired power plants. Staff is continuing to monitor
Ameresco’s EDF and will continue to report back to City Council in future quarterly reports on
the status of Ameresco’s EDF. Table 1 below shows the EDF values for the City’s renewable
energy counterparties. Table 2 below shows the EDF values and credit exposure for the City’s
electric suppliers. There is virtually no credit exposure to the City’s gas suppliers since the
supplies are purchased on a short-term basis.
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Table 1 - Renewable Counterparties Credit Ratings and Expected Default Frequency (EDF) as
of 06/30/16
Renewable
Counterparty
S&P Credit
Rating
Current
Expected
Default
Frequency
S&P (EDF)
Implied
Rating
Ameresco n/a 2.38%B
Iberdrola BBB+0.01%AAA
Table 2 - Credit Exposure and Expected Default Frequency (EDF) of Electric Suppliers as of
06/30/16
Electric
Counterparty
Cost of
Transaction
Market
Value of
Transaction
Current
Expected
Default
Frequency
S&P (EDF)
Implied
Rating
NextEra $1,916,308 $1,851,263 A-0.02%AA
SENA $477,753 $427,096 0.24%BB
Totals $2,394,061 $2,278,358 ($115,702)$0
Cost vs.
Market to
Market
(MTM) Value
S&P
Credit
Rating
Expected Loss
(MTM x
Expected
Default
Frequency)
($50,657)A $0
$0($65,045)
Electric Forward Mark-to-Market Values
It is important to note that, for renewable energy companies, Council waived the investment
grade credit rating requirement of Section 2.30.340(d) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code, which
applies to energy companies that do business with the City. In addition, the City does not pay
for renewable energy until it is received thereby reducing risk.
An EDF of 0.08% or below indicates supplier’s current expected default frequency falls within
the investment grade range. An EDF above 0.08% indicates the supplier may have financial
issues that require monitoring.
Electric and Gas Supply Operations Reserves Adequacy
As shown in Table 3 below, the Electric Supply Operations reserve’s unaudited balance as of
June 30, 2016 is $9.4 million, which is $3.0 million above the minimum reserve guideline level.
This reserve balance, however, is above the immediate 12-month credit, hydro, and other risks
that have been identified, and are estimated at $3.7 million. The unaudited Gas Operations
reserve balance as of June 30, 2016 is $10.1 million, which is $1.7 million below the maximum
reserve guideline level.
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Table 3 - Electric Supply Operations and Gas Operations Reserve Levels for FY 2016
(Preliminary unaudited figures from City’s Financial System)
Fund
Reserve for
Operations
Balance as
of 07/01/2015
($ Millions)
Changes
to the
Reserves
for
Operations
($ Millions)
Unaudited Projected
Reserve for
Operations Balance as
of 03/31/16 for FY
2016*
($ Millions)
Minimum
Guideline
Reserve
Level
($ Millions)
Maximum
Guideline
Reserve
Level
($ Millions)
Electric $16.0 ($6.6)$9.4 $6.4 $12.8
Gas $10.8 ($0.7)$10.1 $5.9 $11.8
FY 2016
* The accounting activity to date reflects what has been booked into the City’s financial system. These figures
are preliminary until outside auditors have completed their review and the Comprehensive Annual Financial
Report is produced. There could be significant changes to the supply operation reserve balances based on
year-end adjustments that have not been booked yet.
Exceptions to Energy Risk Management Policies, Guidelines, or Procedures
There were no exceptions to the Energy Risk Management Policies, Guidelines, or Procedures
to report during the third and fourth quarters of FY 2016.