HomeMy WebLinkAboutStaff Report 7153
City of Palo Alto (ID # 7153)
City Council Staff Report
Report Type: Informational Report Meeting Date: 9/19/2016
City of Palo Alto Page 1
Summary Title: Downtown TMA Business Plan
Title: Palo Alto Transportation Management Association (TMA) Draft
Business Plan
From: City Manager
Lead Department: Planning and Community Environment
Background and Discussion
City Council has previously heard updates from the Palo Alto Transportation Management
Association (TMA) on March 14 and June 13, 2016. The City Manager Reports are included as
Attachment A and Attachment B.
As requested by City Council, the Palo Alto TMA Board of Directors has prepared a Business
Plan, which is included as Attachment C. This plan outlines the strategies that will be
implemented to reduce single occupancy vehicle trips to downtown Palo Alto by 30%. The time
it takes to reach this goal will depend on available funding.
The business plan identifies five key areas of focus for the TMA activities:
1. Program Development
2. Partnership
3. Advocacy
4. Information and Outreach
5. Sustainable Budget
The plan identifies specific programmatic goals and strategies related to these five focus areas.
Policy Implications:
The support of the Palo Alto TMA is consistent with the following Comprehensive Plan Policies:
Goal T-1: Less Reliance on Single-Occupant Vehicles
Policy T-3: Support the development and expansion of comprehensive, effective
programs to reduce auto use at both local and regional levels.
Timeline:
City of Palo Alto Page 2
The TMA Board of Directors initiated the first set of pilot programs in August 2016. Other
programs will be contingent on funding and the direction of the TMA Board. Pursuant to the
terms of the funding agreement approved in June 2016, the Board will provide a written update
to the City Council six months after the agreement is signed.
Attachments:
Attachment A: Staff Report 6427 TMA Study Session (PDF)
Attachment B: Staff Report 6823 TMA Funding Agreement (PDF)
Attachment C: TMA Draft Business Plan 09-07-2016 (PDF)
City of Palo Alto (ID # 6427)
City Council Staff Report
Report Type: Study Session Meeting Date: 3/14/2016
Summary Title: Downtown Transportation Management Association Study
Session
Title: Update on the Formation of the Downtown TMA (Transportation
Management Association)
From: City Manager
Lead Department: Planning and Community Environment
Recommendation
Staff recommends that the City Council receive and review the report on the Palo Alto
Transportation Management Association. This is a study session, and no action is requested.
Executive Summary
Since 2013, the City has been actively engaged in developing Transportation Demand
Management (TDM) strategies to encourage alternatives to solo driving to address Palo !lto’s
growing traffic and parking concerns. A City Council colleagues memo dated October 3, 2013
resulted in Council direction to convene a study session and develop an initial recommendation
related to goals of reducing traffic and parking demand. On December 9, 2013 Council held a
study session with representatives of Google, Contra Costa Centre and Stanford University, all
considered Bay Area leaders in applying TDM strategies, to better understand their respective
programs and their potential application to Palo !lto’s challenges. The ity ouncil
subsequently requested a staff analysis and recommendation regarding establishment of a
Transportation Management Association (TMA) for Palo Alto, and on February 24, 2014,
directed staff to move forward with the steps necessary to form the organization.
The Transportation Management Association (TMA) Steering Committee, a consortium of local
employers (including the City of Palo Alto) with resident representatives, worked through 2015
to develop the vision, mission and goals intended for a new TMA. Led by a consultant team with
significant experience in developing TMAs in the bay area, the team conducted the first
comprehensive commute survey for Downtown, discussed potential funding sources for
City of Palo Alto Page 1
ongoing programs, the need to provide services for lower wage workers in the Downtown, a
variety of rideshare pilot programs and the preferred structure for TMA formation. The group
voted in November to incorporate as a 501(c)3 non-profit and will have a fiscal sponsor who
will collect monies on behalf of the organization, the Silicon Valley Community Foundation
(SVCF).
The TMA had its first official Board meeting on January 28th, and this report summarizes some
of the key activities of the TM! Steering ommittee and the oard’s plan for action in 2016. As
a major employer Downtown, the City is a key member of the TMA Board of Directors, and its
input and participation will be critical to the TM!’s operations and success.
Background & Discussion
What is a TMA?
A TMA is a business-member funded organization that develops, markets, manages and
advocates for effective transportation programs. TMAs are formed in a variety of ways, but
they generally share the common goals of reducing single-occupant vehicle trips, reducing
congestion and demand for parking, and improving quality of life by reducing greenhouse gas
emissions. Some other benefits of TMAs include:
- TM!’s can provide a comprehensive approach to managing transportation needs in a
particular area, and a framework for multiple constituents to work collaboratively on
these solutions.
-TM!’s can fund and offer branded services to both residents and commercial businesses
cost-effectively and efficiently through a network of alliances and partnerships.
Providing a one-stop resource with consistent messaging and promotion is a hugely
important ‘customer service’ factor that affects awareness and utilization of TDM
programs and services.
In the larger context, having a TMA positions Palo Alto to work cooperatively with neighboring
cities and other agencies in providing a flexible array of programs and services. While the Palo
Alto TMA will initially be focused on the Downtown area, transportation programs are by
nature connective and provide benefit to areas outside their targeted region. Because travel
routes used by residents, employees and visitors typically cross neighborhood and city
boundaries, having a TMA that recognizes key linkages is critical to developing quality programs
and services. For example, Palo !lto’s TM! was developed with the idea of initially developing
programs to support Downtown employee commutes, but this focus will also provide reciprocal
benefit to Palo Alto Downtown residents who may be travelling the opposite way to work; e.g.
to worksites in neighboring cities.
City of Palo Alto Page 2
An effective TMA can have significant measurable benefits such as:
Reducing the number of single-occupancy-vehicle (SOV) trips made within and through
Palo Alto, which reduces traffic congestion and the demand for parking;
Reducing the need to build new parking facilities;
Reducing total vehicle miles traveled (VMT);
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions generated both locally and at the regional level,
which contributes to Palo !lto’s sustainability goals.
A TMA also provides a forum for public and private entities and businesses of all sizes to work
together on transportation programs. Generally, larger companies fund the majority of the cost
of programs for the benefit of smaller companies. Because larger companies have more
employees and hence contribute more to traffic congestion, they have more of a vested
interest to work towards reducing single occupant vehicle trips.
TM!’s are structured in a variety of ways. Some operate with a membership- for- services
model, where a company pays membership dues based on its size and business category. Some
TM!’s sell access to a collection of programs available at different levels of financial support
(bus services, rideshare discounts, carshare programs, or discounted transit passes, as
examples). Others receive funding from their cities, counties, and other sources and provide
information and some services to all companies within the TM!’s service area. Still others are
hybrids, receiving some public and some private funding- providing some ‘free’ services to
everyone and charging for other programs. Some TM!’s (as well as Transportation programs
such as Stanford’s) receive funding from parking fees for their TDM programs and services.
Formation of the Palo Alto TMA
The ity engaged a consultant group with significant experience designing ay !rea TM!’s- MIG
with TMA expert Wendy Silvani. This team recommended that Palo Alto follow a standard
approach of engaging a Steering Committee which would develop a work plan, mission
statement for the TMA, evaluate pilots for start-up programs, and propose a structure for the
TM!’s ultimate oard of Directors. !t the request of the ity, this Steering Committee, a
consortium of 12+ local employers, community and residential representatives, and the City of
Palo Alto, worked through 2015 to develop the vision, mission and goals for the new TMA.
Last May, this team partnered with EMC research to conduct the first comprehensive commute
survey for Downtown which provided the basis for the TM!’s initial priorities. The group also
discussed potential funding sources for ongoing programs, the need to provide services for
lower wage workers in the Downtown, and learned about a variety of rideshare pilot programs.
City of Palo Alto Page 3
It determined the preferred structure for TMA formation and voted in November to
incorporate as a 501(c)3 non-profit and has a fiscal sponsor who will collect monies on behalf of
the organization, the Silicon Valley Community Foundation (SVCF). This structure will enable the
TMA to seek funding from many public and private foundations and other financial supporters;
it also gives the new TMA and its supporters the assurance of professional accounting,
reporting and other administrative management.
The TMA officially incorporated at the start of January and had its first official Board meeting on
January 28th, 2016.
Structure of the Palo Alto TMA Board
Based on Business Registry data, employers with 100+ employees account for over 70% of all
employees who work in Downtown Palo Alto. These companies have the greatest potential to
fund and adopt TDM programs that will make a difference in reducing SOV commutes and
parking demand. These companies are of sufficient size to be able to take advantage of bulk
transit pass programs, and have budgets to fund TDM programs for their employees. The 2015
commute survey results also indicated that employees who work for larger companies are
among the ‘most likely’ to change behavior – they live in places where transit and other non-
SOV commuting is an option and they work schedules conducive to using alternatives, etc. The
initial structure of the Palo Alto TMA Board has 3 large companies (300+ employees based in
Palo Alto) - the City, Google, and Palantir; two medium sized companies (the Garden Court
hotel and IDEO), and one small company (Philz Coffee). This ratio reflects the Business Registry
data; it is flexible and designed to be inclusive, but also to ensure Board members support the
TMA at a level that will provide a basis for the TMA to be successful through their financial
commitments.
Although Google does not have employees in Downtown currently, they are an active regional
partner (they have offices in Palo Alto in the Research Park) and have significant experience in
developing transportation programs which achieve sizeable SOV reduction. In addition, while
the focus of the TMA is initially in the Downtown areas, the Steering Committee acknowledged
that regional commute factors influence the Downtown and ultimately the focus of the TMA
may expand beyond these boundaries. There are also Google employees who are residents of
Downtown that could use TM! services in the “empty” direction (e.g. heading out of
Downtown), which makes the services more efficient and effective.
Financial Contributions and Board Size
The Steering ommittee’s consultant was able to provide recommendations from an attorney
who has worked on establishment of many similar organizations, and that attorney ultimately
City of Palo Alto Page 4
drafted the incorporation documents and bylaws. The consultant and attorney strongly
recommended that all Board members be required to make a contribution to the organization
to minimize risk exposure for the organization, a contribution which is separate from
membership dues which would be paid by organizations who would become members of the
TMA and take advantage of the services that it sells. The Steering Committee was unanimous
in not wanting the TMA to spend time trying to sell and collect nominal ‘dues’ from the many
small businesses, or searching for the basics – i.e., the salary of its Executive Director. Instead,
they want the Director to focus on funding for programs, marketing and managing those
programs. The current Board is deliberately small, with six members who are committed to
the successful rollout of programs on a ‘fast track’ that will benefit the entire downtown
community. As the TMA develops, it can easily increase the size of its Board to include others.
Currently, the Large Employer Board contribution is $10,000 annually, the Medium-Sized
Employer Board contribution is $2,500 annually, and the Small Employer Board contribution is
$1,000 annually. The Board is expected to set membership dues within the next several weeks.
Advisory Committee(s)
The Board will encourage participation from other companies in the TMA through an Advisory
Committee. The structure of how this committee would operate is yet to be determined; it
could take the shape of committees for various projects (i.e., those interested in a Lyft pilot or
just the transit pass program). The Steering Committee expects that the structure for the
Advisory Committee will evolve over the next few months. The requirement for a financial
contribution/membership fee to the TMA would not apply to an advisory committee to ensure
participation by anyone who is interested.
Feedback Mechanisms
The TMA Board will have feedback mechanisms for all TMA-sponsored programs so anyone can
provide input, suggestions, and ideas based on their experience as the Board designs,
evaluates, and refines programs and services. The focus of the TM!’s initial programs will be
on offering direct subsidies to many employees whose employers can’t provide commute
benefits because they are ‘too small’, and encouraging the 100+ employers for whom offering
transportation benefits is realistic to do so.
Other Examples
It is commonplace for a City to have a seat on the Board of the TMA and to provide funding.
The following TMAs are Bay Area examples:
1. City of Emeryville: The City of Emeryville provided the bulk of funding for the first 3
years for the Emery-Go-Round TMA at 90%, 75%, then 50% of the total budget, and was
City of Palo Alto Page 5
also on the Board. When the TMA became part of the PBID, the City became ex-officio
on the Board (no vote).
2. San Mateo Corridor TMA: The City of San Mateo is on the Board and helps fund the TMA.
3. Alameda Landing TMA: The City of Alameda has 2 representatives on the Board and is
providing funding for the TMA.
The ity ouncil will receive an annual report on the TM!’s activities each year. The ity’s
funding will be important in initial years for the launch of TMA programs, and the City Council
can provide requested funding concurrent with requests for expansion of the Board,
establishment of the Advisory Committee, or pilot projects, as examples. In this way the City
can influence the TM!’s programs and direction.
2016 Board Workplan
While the TMA is still in fledgling stage, the group agreed to continue to work with the
MIG/Silvani consulting team while recruiting for an Executive Director for the organization. Top
priorities for the Board include:
1. Recruitment of an Executive Director. The ED will replace the consultant team hired by
the City as the leader of the organization. While the Board members are not expected to
have TDM experience, this will be a key component of the employment requirements
for the ED
2. Launch of a pilot program that subsidizes low-income Downtown workers with transit
passes. Prior to the incorporation of the organization, the TMA Steering Committee
spent several months exploring a variety of pilot programs to determine which offered
the most immediate value to the Downtown, and a low-income worker transit pass
subsidy program was ultimately determined to have the most immediate impact.
Stanford’s Sustainable ities class has been working with the TM! to develop the
parameters of a pilot transit pass program. The students speak Mandarin and Spanish
and will be able to support outreach to workers who require those languages. This
program could launch as early as April or May depending on the position of the Board.
The Board will be discussing the details of the proposal at their meeting on March 3.
SOV Trip Goal Reduction
The TMA Steering Committee felt that specific numeric goals should be set for individual
programs (i.e., targeting a number of employees for the low income transit subsidy; another
number for another pilot program such as Lyft subsidies, etc.) This will allow the TMA to
adjust/refine/create programs against specific participation, and help the City achieve its 30%
reduction goal. On an annual basis, a 30% reduction from the current overall 55% SOV trip rate
is 1650 people. Broken up over a 4 year period, that equates to 412 people a year; over 5 years
City of Palo Alto Page 6
330 people. The TMA Board believes that achieving this type of reduction over a 4-5 year period
is a reasonable target.
Policy Implications
Development of a TMA is consistent with the following Comprehensive Plan Policies:
Goal T-1: Less Reliance on Single-Occupant Vehicles
Policy T-3: Support the development and expansion of comprehensive, effective
programs to reduce auto use at both local and regional levels.
Resource Impact
In order to submit for IRS incorporation, the TMA developed a draft budget to guide its
development. Projected expenses for 2016 are listed below. The TMA is a separate organization
with its own revenues and expenses, so while the City will be asked to contribute resources to
the TMA for program development, ultimately the organization will have multiple sources of
revenue. The TM!’s proposed budget is shown in Table 1, below.
Table 1. TMA Proposed Draft Budget*
Executive Director Salary (Part-time,
assumed starting in June)
$40,000
Annual Commute Survey, included in
existing consultant contract
$33,000
SVCF processing fees, included in
existing contract
$11,400
Legal Fees for IRS filing, included in
IRS contract
$2,500
Low Income Transit Pass Program –
assumes 120 passes per month @ $75
each for 6 months; program still in
development
$54,000
Marketing $10,000
General Office Supplies $2,500
Miscellaneous and Other Programs $28,000
TOTAL $182,000
*This budget estimate is for the independent non-profit TMA and is not meant to reflect
City budgetary commitments or requests.
City of Palo Alto Page 7
Staff will be making a budget request for $100,000 to City Council to support the TMA as part of
the FY2017 budget process. This $100,000 includes $90,000 to cover overhead expenses and
other costs noted above, and the requested $10,000 large employer contribution. Additionally,
City staff are working on an agreement with the TMA to provide up to $100,000 in funds that
were budgetted by the City in FY2016 for TMA pilot programs. Funded pilot programs could
include the transit-pass subsidy program, a pilot with Lyft, and possibly development of a
“commuter wallet” Mobility !s ! Service (MaaS) product. Several smaller employers have also
made contributions amounting to $32,000 for development of a low-income transit subsidy
program, and Google, Palantir and the Garden Court Hotel have pledged their Board
Contributions (total $22,500).
Timeline
The TMA officially launched in January 2016. It is expected to roll-out a low-income transit
subsidy in April or May of 2016. Other programs will be contingent on funding and the direction
of the TMA Board.
Attachments:
Attachment A: EMC Final Report on Downtown Survey (PDF)
Attachment B: Palo AltoTMA Board Packet Feb16th (PDF)
City of Palo Alto Page 8
Do
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
Mo
d
e
S
p
l
i
t
S
u
r
v
e
y
Ma
y
2
0
1
5
"UUBDINFOU"
Me
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
`
1,
1
7
3
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
a
t
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
e
s
l
o
c
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
i
n
a
n
a
r
e
a
o
f
Do
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
b
o
u
n
d
b
y
E
l
C
a
m
i
n
o
Re
a
l
,
W
e
b
s
t
e
r
S
t
r
e
e
t
,
E
v
e
r
e
t
t
A
v
e
n
u
e
,
a
n
d
Fo
r
e
s
t
A
v
e
n
u
e
.
`
Th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
r
a
t
e
w
a
s
4
4
%
,
w
h
i
c
h
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
su
r
v
e
y
s
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
e
m
pl
o
y
e
e
s
a
t
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
n
g
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
e
s
.
T
h
e
ov
e
r
a
l
l
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
r
a
t
e
w
a
s
1
2
%
,
w
h
i
c
h
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
co
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
i
n
D
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
.
`
A
s
t
r
a
t
i
f
i
e
d
r
a
n
d
o
m
s
a
m
p
l
e
o
f
w
o
r
k
s
i
t
e
s
w
a
s
p
u
l
l
e
d
b
y
w
o
r
k
s
i
t
e
s
i
z
e
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
s
m
a
l
l
,
me
d
i
u
m
a
n
d
l
a
r
g
e
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
e
s
.
S
a
m
p
l
e
d
w
o
r
k
s
i
t
e
s
w
e
r
e
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
e
d
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
t
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
a
n
d
re
c
r
u
i
t
a
n
o
n
s
i
t
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
o
r
w
h
o
d
i
s
t
ri
b
u
t
e
d
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
t
o
a
l
l
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
a
t
t
h
e
i
r
re
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
w
o
r
k
s
i
t
e
s
.
`
Th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
w
a
s
o
f
f
e
r
e
d
i
n
o
n
l
i
n
e
a
n
d
p
a
p
e
r
fo
r
m
a
t
s
f
o
r
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
o
f
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
e
s
w
i
t
h
5
or
m
o
r
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
,
a
n
d
w
a
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
b
y
t
e
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
w
i
t
h
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
o
f
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
e
s
w
i
t
h
4
o
r
f
e
w
e
r
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
.
`
Da
t
a
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
b
e
g
a
n
M
a
y
4
th
an
d
e
n
d
e
d
t
h
e
w
e
e
k
o
f
M
a
y
2
5
th
.
E
a
c
h
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
w
a
s
as
k
e
d
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
m
o
d
e
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
o
n
e
c
a
l
e
n
d
a
r
w
e
e
k
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
t
o
t
h
e
d
a
t
e
o
n
w
h
i
c
h
th
e
y
t
o
o
k
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
2
Do
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
Fo
r
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
D
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
w
a
s
d
e
f
i
n
e
d
a
s
t
h
e
a
r
e
a
b
o
u
n
d
b
y
E
l
C
a
m
i
n
o
R
e
a
l
,
We
b
s
t
e
r
S
t
r
e
e
t
,
E
v
e
r
e
t
t
A
v
e
n
u
e
,
a
n
d
F
o
r
e
s
t
A
v
e
n
u
e
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
3
Mo
d
e
s
o
f
Tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
Mo
d
e
S
h
a
r
e
-
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
Mo
r
e
t
h
a
n
h
a
l
f
(
5
5
%
)
o
f
t
h
e
t
r
i
p
s
t
a
k
e
n
i
n
t
o
d
o
wn
t
o
w
n
a
r
e
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
o
c
c
u
p
a
n
t
-
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
t
r
i
p
s
.
%’
s
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
t
r
i
p
s
t
a
k
e
n
du
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
w
e
e
k
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
Wa
l
k
e
d
Ro
d
e
a
b
i
c
y
c
l
e
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
Wo
r
k
e
d
r
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
Ot
h
e
r
55
%
17
%
SO
V
T
o
t
a
l
:
55
%
8%
In
c
l
u
d
e
s
d
r
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
n
d
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
Tr
a
n
s
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
:
1
9
%
In
c
l
u
d
e
s
b
u
s
a
n
d
r
a
i
l
7%
No
n
-
m
o
t
o
r
i
z
e
d
T
o
t
a
l
:
1
5
%
In
c
l
u
d
e
s
w
a
l
k
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
i
d
i
n
g
a
b
i
c
y
c
l
e
5%
5%
3%
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
wh
a
t
m
o
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
d
i
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
do
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
7
Mo
d
e
S
h
a
r
e
b
y
W
o
r
k
s
i
t
e
S
i
z
e
As
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
s
i
z
e
d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
,
t
h
e
pe
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
S
O
V
t
r
i
p
s
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
.
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
Wa
l
k
/
B
i
k
e
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
Wo
r
k
e
d
r
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
/
O
t
h
e
r
74
%
61
%
41
%
25
%
22
%
14
%
12
%
8%
7%
7%
8%
7%
6%
5%
4%
1-
2
5
e
m
p
.
(
2
4
%
)
26
-
1
0
0
e
m
p
.
(
3
2
%
)
10
1
+
e
m
p
.
(
4
4
%
)
Bu
s
i
n
e
s
s
S
i
z
e
b
y
N
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
E
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
Nu
m
b
e
r
s
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
fo
r
e
a
c
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
u
b
g
r
o
u
p
.
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
w
h
a
t
mo
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
di
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
8
Mo
d
e
S
h
a
r
e
b
y
S
e
l
f
-
R
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
C
o
m
m
u
t
e
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
As
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
f
r
o
m
D
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
,
m
o
d
e
s
h
i
f
t
s
t
o
w
a
r
d
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
.
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
Wa
l
k
/
B
i
k
e
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
Wo
r
k
e
d
R
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
/
O
t
h
e
r
69
%
52
%
40
%
38
%
30
%
19
%
11
%
7%
6%
5%
6%
5%
5%
4%
1%
<1
t
o
1
0
(
4
5
%
)
10
t
o
5
0
(
3
5
%
)
50
+
(
2
0
%
)
Di
s
t
a
n
c
e
T
r
a
v
e
l
e
d
i
n
M
i
l
e
s
(s
e
l
f
-
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
)
Nu
m
b
e
r
s
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
fo
r
e
a
c
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
u
b
g
r
o
u
p
.
Av
e
r
a
g
e
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
T
r
a
v
e
l
e
d
:
Ov
e
r
a
l
l
=
1
5
.
8
m
i
l
e
s
|
S
O
V
=
1
5
.
9
m
i
l
e
s
|
T
r
a
n
s
i
t
=
2
3
.
5
m
i
l
e
s
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
w
h
a
t
mo
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
di
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
9
Mo
d
e
S
h
a
r
e
b
y
H
o
m
e
G
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
Co
m
m
u
t
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
S
a
n
F
r
a
n
c
i
s
c
o
a
r
e
t
h
e
l
e
a
s
t
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
.
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
Wa
l
k
/
B
i
k
e
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
Wo
r
k
e
d
R
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
/
O
t
h
e
r
76
%
70
%
65
%
63
%
48
%
41
%
20
%
18
%
16
%
12
%
12
%
10
%
9%
7%
6%
6%
5%
5%
3%
3%
3%
1%
1%
0%
0%
Sa
n
F
r
a
n
c
i
s
c
o
(
1
0
%
)
P
e
n
i
n
s
u
l
a
(
2
0
%
)
S
o
u
t
h
B
a
y
(
3
3
%
)
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
(
2
2
%
)
E
a
s
t
B
a
y
(
7
%
)
Nu
m
b
e
r
s
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
en
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
su
b
g
r
o
u
p
.
Re
f
u
s
e
d
t
o
r
e
p
o
r
t
=
8
%
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
w
h
a
t
mo
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
di
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
10
Mo
d
e
S
h
a
r
e
b
y
A
g
e
a
n
d
P
a
r
e
n
t
a
l
S
t
a
t
u
s
Ol
d
e
r
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
r
s
a
n
d
P
a
r
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
.
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
Wa
l
k
/
B
i
k
e
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
Wo
r
k
e
d
R
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
/
O
t
h
e
r
70
%
51
%
20
%
18
%
9%
9%
7%
7%
5%
5%
18
-
4
9
(
6
6
%
)
50
+
(
1
9
%
)
Ag
e
Re
f
u
s
e
d
t
o
r
e
p
o
r
t
=
1
5
%
66
%
50
%
20
%
19
%
11
%
8%
8%
7%
7%
4%
Pa
r
e
n
t
(
2
8
%
)
N
o
n
P
a
r
e
n
t
(
6
8
%
)
Pa
r
e
n
t
a
l
S
t
a
t
u
s
Re
f
u
s
e
d
t
o
r
e
p
o
r
t
=
4
%
Nu
m
b
e
r
s
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
fo
r
e
a
c
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
u
b
g
r
o
u
p
.
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
w
h
a
t
mo
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
di
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
11
Mo
d
e
S
h
a
r
e
b
y
W
o
r
k
S
t
a
r
t
T
i
m
e
Co
m
m
u
t
e
r
s
w
i
t
h
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
s
a
r
e
l
e
s
s
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
.
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
Wa
l
k
/
B
i
k
e
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
Wo
r
k
e
d
R
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
/
O
t
h
e
r
64
%
63
%
49
%
20
%
19
%
15
%
14
%
11
%
8%
9%
8%
7%
5%
5%
2%
St
a
r
t
a
t
a
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
t
i
m
e
(
3
3
%
)
S
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
is
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
(
5
5
%
)
S
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
v
a
r
i
e
s
(
1
1
%
)
Nu
m
b
e
r
s
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
en
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
su
b
g
r
o
u
p
.
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
w
h
a
t
mo
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
di
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
12
Mo
d
e
S
h
a
r
e
b
y
J
o
b
S
t
a
t
u
s
Pa
r
t
-
t
i
m
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
.
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
Wa
l
k
/
B
i
k
e
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
Wo
r
k
e
d
R
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
/
O
t
h
e
r
75
%
66
%
53
%
19
%
16
%
14
%
11
%
8%
7%
7%
6%
5%
5%
4%
3%
On
e
f
u
l
l
-
t
i
m
e
j
o
b
(
8
4
%
)
O
n
e
p
a
r
t
-
t
i
m
e
j
o
b
(
8
%
)
M
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
o
n
e
j
o
b
(
6
%
)
Nu
m
b
e
r
s
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
en
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
su
b
g
r
o
u
p
.
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
w
h
a
t
mo
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
di
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
13
Mo
d
e
S
h
a
r
e
b
y
B
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
T
y
p
e
Em
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
i
n
R
e
t
a
i
l
,
R
e
s
t
a
u
r
a
n
t
,
a
n
d
H
o
s
p
i
t
a
li
t
y
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
e
s
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
.
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
Wa
l
k
/
B
i
k
e
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
Wo
r
k
e
d
R
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
/
O
t
h
e
r
78
%
72
%
73
%
67
%
59
%
33
%
31
%
26
%
20
%
14
%
13
%
10
%
9%
10
%
10
%
10
%
7%
7%
7%
8%
7%
6%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
2%
1%
1%
Re
t
a
i
l
(
7
%
)
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
(
9
%
)
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
3
9
%
)
R
e
s
t
a
u
ra
n
t
(
1
2
%
)
H
o
s
p
i
t
a
l
i
t
y
(
1
6%
)
L
i
g
h
t
O
f
f
i
c
e
(
1
1
%
)
Nu
m
b
e
r
s
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
en
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
su
b
g
r
o
u
p
.
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
w
h
a
t
mo
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
di
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
14
Dr
i
v
e
A
l
o
n
e
M
o
d
e
R
a
n
k
e
d
Re
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
w
h
o
l
i
v
e
i
n
t
h
e
E
a
s
t
B
a
y
,
a
r
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
p
a
r
t
t
i
m
e
,
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
a
t
a
s
m
a
l
l
co
m
p
a
n
y
a
n
d
r
e
t
a
i
l
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
.
73
%
72
%
70
%
67
%
66
%
66
%
65
%
64
%
63
%
63
%
61
%
59
%
55
%
53
%
51
%
50
%
49
%
41
%
41
%
33
%
18
%
Re
t
a
i
l
Ea
s
t
B
a
y
On
e
p
a
r
t
-
t
i
m
e
j
o
b
1-
2
5
e
m
p
.
Ho
s
p
i
t
a
l
i
t
y
Re
s
t
a
u
r
a
n
t
Ag
e
5
0
+
Li
g
h
t
o
f
f
i
c
e
Pa
r
e
n
t
Mo
r
e
t
h
a
n
o
n
e
j
o
b
So
u
t
h
B
a
y
St
a
r
t
a
t
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
t
i
m
e
Sc
h
e
d
u
l
e
v
a
r
i
e
s
Pe
n
i
n
s
u
l
a
26
-
1
0
0
e
m
p
.
Go
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
Ov
e
r
a
l
l
On
e
f
u
l
l
-
t
i
m
e
j
o
b
A
g
e
1
8
-
4
9
No
n
P
a
r
e
n
t
Sc
h
e
d
u
l
e
i
s
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
10
1
+
e
m
p
.
Pa
l
o
A
l
t
o
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Sa
n
F
r
a
n
c
i
s
c
o
78
%
76
%
75
%
74
%
Pe
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
S
O
V
tr
i
p
s
b
y
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
de
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
s
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
15
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
w
h
a
t
mo
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
di
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
Tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
At
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
Dr
i
v
i
n
g
A
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
Tw
o
-
t
h
i
r
d
s
(
6
7
%
)
o
f
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
s
a
y
t
h
e
y
p
r
e
f
e
r
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
a
n
d
p
l
a
n
o
n
co
n
t
i
n
u
i
n
g
t
o
d
o
s
o
.
Am
o
n
g
S
O
V
D
r
i
v
e
r
s
,
7
7
2
n
St
r
o
n
g
l
y
So
m
e
w
h
a
t
To
t
a
l
ag
r
e
e
a
g
r
e
e
Ag
r
e
e
I
p
r
e
f
e
r
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
p
l
a
n
o
n
co
n
t
i
n
u
i
n
g
t
o
d
o
s
o
.
I
n
e
e
d
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
I
m
a
k
e
o
t
h
e
r
st
o
p
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
f
o
r
s
c
h
o
o
l
,
k
i
d
s
,
o
r
o
t
h
e
r
er
r
a
n
d
s
,
b
e
f
o
r
e
o
r
a
f
t
e
r
w
o
r
k
.
I
w
o
u
l
d
r
a
t
h
e
r
n
o
t
d
r
i
v
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
,
b
u
t
I
h
a
v
e
n
o
ot
h
e
r
g
o
o
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
.
I
n
e
e
d
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
I
u
s
e
m
y
c
a
r
fo
r
m
e
e
t
i
n
g
s
,
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
i
e
s
,
o
r
o
t
h
e
r
w
o
r
k
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
ta
s
k
s
.
I
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
a
c
a
r
p
o
o
l
o
r
v
a
n
p
o
o
l
t
o
w
o
r
k
i
f
i
t
wa
s
c
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
t
,
s
a
f
e
,
a
n
d
e
a
s
y
t
o
f
i
n
d
.
42
%
35
%
27
%
23
%
13
%
24
%
25
%
23
%
20
%
22
%
67
%
60
%
50
%
44
%
35
%
Q1
0
-
Q
2
0
.
P
l
e
a
s
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
y
o
u
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
e
e
,
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
a
g
r
e
e
,
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
di
s
a
g
r
e
e
,
o
r
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
d
i
s
a
g
r
e
e
w
i
t
h
e
a
ch
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
17
Tr
a
n
s
i
t
A
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
Sc
h
e
d
u
l
e
,
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
c
e
a
p
p
e
a
r
t
o
be
s
l
i
g
h
t
l
y
l
a
r
g
e
r
o
b
s
t
a
c
l
e
s
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
tr
a
n
s
i
t
r
i
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
t
h
a
n
c
o
s
t
.
Am
o
n
g
S
O
V
D
r
i
v
e
r
s
,
7
7
2
n
St
r
o
n
g
l
y
So
m
e
w
h
a
t
To
t
a
l
ag
r
e
e
a
g
r
e
e
Ag
r
e
e
I
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
t
o
w
o
r
k
i
f
t
h
e
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
wa
s
f
a
s
t
e
r
o
r
m
o
r
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
.
I
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
t
o
w
o
r
k
i
f
t
h
e
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
wa
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
a
n
d
i
t
r
a
n
w
h
e
n
I
n
e
e
d
e
d
i
t
.
I
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
t
o
w
o
r
k
i
f
i
t
w
a
s
e
a
s
i
e
r
to
g
e
t
t
o
a
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
s
t
o
p
.
I
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
t
o
w
o
r
k
i
f
i
t
w
a
s
l
e
s
s
ex
p
e
n
s
i
v
e
o
r
I
w
a
s
g
i
v
e
n
a
d
i
s
c
o
u
n
t
e
d
tr
a
n
s
i
t
p
a
s
s
.
47
%
46
%
26
%
25
%
24
%
22
%
21
%
20
%
19
%
16
%
43
%
38
%
Q1
0
-
Q
2
0
.
P
l
e
a
s
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
y
o
u
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
e
e
,
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
a
g
r
e
e
,
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
di
s
a
g
r
e
e
,
o
r
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
d
i
s
a
g
r
e
e
w
i
t
h
e
a
ch
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
18
Ag
r
e
e
:
W
o
u
l
d
R
a
t
h
e
r
N
o
t
D
r
i
v
e
Dr
i
v
e
r
s
w
h
o
f
e
e
l
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
n
o
o
t
h
e
r
g
o
o
d
o
p
t
i
on
s
b
e
l
i
e
v
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
w
i
l
l
n
o
t
f
i
t
t
h
e
i
r
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
or
i
s
n
o
t
c
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
5
0
%
o
f
S
O
V
D
r
i
v
e
r
s
w
h
o
w
o
u
l
d
p
r
e
f
e
r
n
o
t
t
o
dr
i
v
e
b
u
t
f
e
e
l
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
n
o
o
t
h
e
r
g
o
o
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
.
Ag
r
e
e
I
wo
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
f
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
w
a
s
f
a
s
t
e
r
/
m
o
r
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
63
%
I
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
if
t
h
e
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
w
a
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
/
i
t
r
a
n
w
h
e
n
I
n
e
e
d
i
t
61
%
I
wo
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
f
i
t
w
a
s
e
a
s
i
e
r
t
o
g
e
t
t
o
a
s
t
o
p
59
%
I
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
f
i
t
w
a
s
l
e
s
s
ex
p
e
n
s
i
v
e
o
r
I
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
a
d
i
s
c
o
u
n
t
e
d
p
a
s
s
47
%
Q1
0
-
Q
2
0
.
P
l
e
a
s
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
y
o
u
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
e
e
,
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
a
g
r
e
e
,
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
di
s
a
g
r
e
e
,
o
r
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
d
i
s
a
g
r
e
e
w
i
t
h
e
a
ch
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
19
Re
a
s
o
n
s
f
o
r
N
O
T
T
a
k
i
n
g
T
r
a
n
s
i
t
Ne
e
d
o
f
a
c
a
r
,
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
p
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
l
a
ck
o
f
c
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
c
e
a
r
e
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
r
e
a
s
o
n
s
dr
i
v
e
r
s
d
o
n
o
t
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
m
o
r
e
o
f
t
e
n
.
Am
o
n
g
S
O
V
D
r
i
v
e
r
s
,
7
7
2
n
Ne
e
d
c
a
r
f
o
r
e
r
r
a
n
d
s
/
m
e
e
t
i
n
g
s
I
p
r
e
f
e
r
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
Sc
h
e
d
u
l
e
i
s
n
o
t
c
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
t
Ro
u
t
e
s
n
o
t
w
h
e
r
e
n
e
e
d
e
d
St
o
p
s
n
o
t
c
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
t
Ta
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
a
s
n
e
e
d
e
d
To
o
e
x
p
e
n
s
i
v
e
Un
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
It
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
l
o
n
g
e
r
Ot
h
e
r
/
D
o
n
'
t
k
n
o
w
21
%
17
%
16
%
12
%
12
%
5%
5%
4%
2%
6%
21
.
W
h
a
t
i
s
t
h
e
m
a
i
n
r
e
a
s
o
n
y
o
u
do
n
o
t
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
m
o
r
e
o
f
t
e
n
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
20
Bi
k
i
n
g
a
n
d
W
a
l
k
i
n
g
A
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
Be
t
t
e
r
r
o
u
t
e
s
a
n
d
b
e
t
t
e
r
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
/
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
op
t
i
o
n
s
a
p
p
e
a
r
t
o
b
e
a
f
a
c
t
o
r
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
co
m
m
u
t
e
r
s
w
h
o
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
l
y
l
i
v
e
c
l
o
s
e
en
o
u
g
h
t
o
w
a
l
k
o
r
b
i
k
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
.
%’
s
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
t
r
i
p
s
t
a
k
e
n
du
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
we
e
k
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
o
s
e
w
h
o
l
i
v
e
w
i
t
h
i
n
a
3
m
i
l
e
r
a
d
i
u
s
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
43
%
Wa
l
k
e
d
26
%
Ro
d
e
a
b
i
c
y
c
l
e
19
%
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
5%
Wo
r
k
e
d
r
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
3%
Ot
h
e
r
3%
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
1%
Am
o
n
g
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
w
h
o
l
i
v
e
w
i
t
h
i
n
a
3
mi
l
e
r
a
d
i
u
s
o
f
D
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
,
3
2
6
n
St
r
o
n
g
l
y
So
m
e
w
h
a
t
To
t
a
l
ag
r
e
e
a
g
r
e
e
Ag
r
e
e
I
w
o
u
l
d
w
a
l
k
o
r
b
i
k
e
t
o
wo
r
k
i
f
t
h
e
r
e
w
e
r
e
b
e
t
t
e
r
23
%
17
%
40
%
pa
t
h
s
,
t
r
a
i
l
s
,
a
n
d
si
d
e
w
a
l
k
s
.
I
w
o
u
l
d
b
i
k
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
i
f
th
e
r
e
w
a
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
16
%
16
%
32
%
or
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
m
y
bi
k
e
a
t
m
y
w
o
r
k
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
Q1
0
-
Q
2
0
.
P
l
e
a
s
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
y
o
u
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
e
e
,
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
a
g
r
e
e
,
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
di
s
a
g
r
e
e
,
o
r
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
d
i
s
a
g
r
e
e
w
i
t
h
e
a
ch
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
21
Pa
r
k
i
n
g
Pa
r
k
i
n
g
Mo
r
e
t
h
a
n
h
a
l
f
o
f
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
r
s
p
a
r
k
i
n
pu
b
l
i
c
o
r
p
r
i
v
a
t
e
g
a
r
a
g
e
s
o
r
l
o
t
s
;
fi
f
t
e
e
n
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
p
a
r
k
on
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
s
t
r
e
e
t
s
.
30
%
21
%
15
%
4%
3%
2%
24
%
Pu
b
l
i
c
g
a
r
a
g
e
Pr
i
v
a
t
e
/
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
Ne
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
It
v
a
r
i
e
s
I
n
a
2
-
o
r
3
-
h
o
u
r
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
l
o
t
O
t
h
e
r
/
D
K
/
or
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
l
o
t
ga
r
a
g
e
o
r
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
st
r
e
e
t
s
on
-
s
t
r
e
e
t
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
Do
n
’
t
d
r
i
v
e
lo
t
zo
n
e
Wh
e
r
e
d
o
y
o
u
t
y
p
i
c
a
l
l
y
p
a
r
k
w
h
e
n
y
o
u
d
r
i
v
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
?
4.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
23
Pa
r
k
i
n
g
b
y
W
o
r
k
s
i
t
e
S
i
z
e
Co
m
m
u
t
e
r
s
w
h
o
p
a
r
k
o
n
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
s
t
r
ee
t
s
a
r
e
m
o
s
t
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
a
me
d
i
u
m
-
s
i
z
e
d
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
.
Bu
s
i
n
e
s
s
S
i
z
e
b
y
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
E
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
1-
2
5
26
-
1
0
0
10
1
+
63
%
26
%
46
%
12
%
34
%
7%
41
%
47
%
25
%
Pu
b
l
i
c
g
a
r
a
g
e
o
r
Pr
i
v
a
t
e
/
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
Ne
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
pa
r
k
i
n
g
l
o
t
ga
r
a
g
e
o
r
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
l
o
t
st
r
e
e
t
s
(3
0
%
)
(2
1
%
)
(1
5
%
)
Wh
e
r
e
d
o
y
o
u
t
y
p
i
c
a
l
l
y
p
a
r
k
w
h
e
n
y
o
u
d
r
i
v
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
?
4.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
24
Pa
r
k
i
n
g
b
y
B
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
T
y
p
e
Co
m
m
u
t
e
r
s
w
h
o
u
s
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
g
a
r
a
g
e
s
a
n
d
l
o
t
s
a
r
e
mo
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
b
e
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
.
Re
t
a
i
l
Go
v
'
t
Te
c
h
Re
s
t
a
u
r
a
n
t
Ho
s
p
i
t
a
l
i
t
y
Li
g
h
t
O
f
f
i
c
e
55
%
28
%
10
%
31
%
29
%
2%
22
%
19
%
12
%
17
%
33
%
18
%
36
%
5%
28
%
35
%
37
%
8%
Pu
b
l
i
c
g
a
r
a
g
e
o
r
Pr
i
v
a
t
e
/
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
Ne
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
pa
r
k
i
n
g
l
o
t
ga
r
a
g
e
o
r
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
l
o
t
st
r
e
e
t
s
(3
0
%
)
(2
1
%
)
(1
5
%
)
Wh
e
r
e
d
o
y
o
u
t
y
p
i
c
a
l
l
y
p
a
r
k
w
h
e
n
y
o
u
d
r
i
v
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
?
4.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
25
Co
m
m
u
t
e
r
Se
g
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
Dr
i
v
e
r
S
e
g
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
Ab
o
u
t
h
a
l
f
(
4
9
%
)
o
f
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
a
r
e
o
p
e
n
t
o
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s
t
o
d
r
i
v
i
n
g
.
Am
o
n
g
S
O
V
D
r
i
v
e
r
s
,
7
7
2
n
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
n
d
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
n
d
a
r
e
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
b
u
t
El
s
e
al
w
a
y
s
w
i
l
l
op
e
n
t
o
o
t
h
e
r
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
w
o
u
l
d
p
r
e
f
e
r
n
o
t
t
o
49
%
42
%
24
%
25
%
9%
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
n
d
a
l
w
a
y
s
w
i
l
l
:
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
t
l
e
a
s
t
o
n
c
e
a
w
e
e
k
a
n
d
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
e
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
y
pr
e
f
e
r
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
a
n
d
p
l
a
n
o
n
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
i
n
g
t
o
d
o
s
o
.
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
n
d
a
r
e
o
p
e
n
t
o
o
t
h
e
r
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
:
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
t
l
e
a
s
t
o
n
c
e
a
w
e
e
k
a
n
d
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
ag
r
e
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
y
p
r
e
f
e
r
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
a
n
d
p
l
a
n
o
n
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
i
n
g
t
o
d
o
s
o
.
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
b
u
t
w
o
u
l
d
p
r
e
f
e
r
n
o
t
t
o
:
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
t
l
e
a
s
t
o
n
c
e
a
w
e
e
k
a
n
d
d
i
s
a
g
r
e
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
y
pr
e
f
e
r
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
a
n
d
p
l
a
n
o
n
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
i
n
g
t
o
d
o
s
o
.
El
s
e
:
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
t
l
e
a
s
t
o
n
c
e
a
w
e
e
k
a
n
d
d
i
d
n
o
t
a
n
s
w
e
r
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
y
pr
e
f
e
r
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
a
n
d
p
l
a
n
o
n
co
n
t
i
n
u
i
n
g
t
o
d
o
s
o
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
27
De
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
s
T
h
a
t
A
r
e
M
o
s
t
L
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
C
h
a
n
g
e
H
a
b
i
t
s
Dr
i
v
e
r
s
i
n
S
a
n
F
r
a
n
c
i
s
c
o
,
w
h
o
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
a
l
a
rg
e
o
r
T
e
c
h
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
,
h
a
v
e
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
w
o
r
k
sc
h
e
d
u
l
e
s
a
n
d
a
r
e
y
o
u
n
g
e
r
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
to
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
o
t
h
e
r
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
.
72
%
66
%
62
%
60
%
57
%
53
%
53
%
52
%
52
%
51
%
51
%
51
%
50
%
49
%
49
%
48
%
48
%
47
%
44
%
44
%
43
%
43
%
41
%
41
%
41
%
35
%
32
%
31
%
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Sa
n
F
r
a
n
c
i
s
c
o
10
1
+
e
m
p
.
Go
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
Wo
r
k
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
i
s
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
Li
g
h
t
o
f
f
i
c
e
Ag
e
1
8
-
4
9
Pe
a
k
h
o
u
r
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
r
So
u
t
h
B
a
y
Fu
l
l
t
i
m
e
w
o
r
k
e
r
Co
m
m
u
t
e
1
0
t
o
5
0
m
i
l
e
s
No
n
-
P
a
r
e
n
t
Pa
l
o
A
l
t
o
Co
m
m
u
t
e
5
0
+
m
i
l
e
s
Ov
e
r
a
l
l
Ea
s
t
B
a
y
Co
m
m
u
t
e
1
-
1
0
m
i
l
e
s
Pa
r
e
n
t
Re
t
a
i
l
26
-
1
0
0
e
m
p
.
No
n
p
e
a
k
h
o
u
r
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
r
Pa
r
t
t
i
m
e
w
o
r
k
e
r
Pe
n
i
n
s
u
l
a
St
a
r
t
w
o
r
k
a
t
a
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
t
i
m
e
1-
2
5
e
m
p
.
Ho
s
p
i
t
a
l
i
t
y
Ag
e
5
0
+
Re
s
t
a
u
r
a
n
t
%
o
f
S
O
V
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
w
h
o
wo
u
l
d
p
r
e
f
e
r
n
o
t
t
o
dr
i
v
e
,
b
y
d
e
m
o
s
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
28
Ov
e
r
a
l
l
E
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
Th
e
m
a
p
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
pe
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
em
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
b
y
h
o
m
e
z
i
p
c
o
d
e
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
29
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
W
o
r
k
e
r
C
o
m
m
u
t
e
r
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
Th
e
m
a
p
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
pe
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
T
a
r
g
e
t
D
r
i
v
e
r
s
wh
o
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
t
e
c
h
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
e
s
,
by
h
o
m
e
z
i
p
c
o
d
e
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
36
Go
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
W
o
r
k
e
r
s
C
o
m
m
u
t
e
r
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
Th
e
m
a
p
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
pe
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
T
a
r
g
e
t
D
r
i
v
e
r
s
wh
o
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
t
h
e
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
,
by
h
o
m
e
z
i
p
c
o
d
e
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
37
Co
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
Co
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
`
Cu
r
r
e
n
t
l
y
j
u
s
t
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
h
a
l
f
(
5
5
%
)
o
f
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
t
r
i
p
s
in
t
o
D
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
a
r
e
S
O
V
t
r
i
p
s
.
–
Ne
a
r
l
y
h
a
l
f
(
4
9
%
)
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
S
O
V
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
e
x
p
r
e
s
s
e
d
a
n
in
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
s
e
e
k
i
n
g
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
.
–
Th
o
s
e
m
o
s
t
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
s
e
e
k
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
li
k
e
l
y
t
o
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
t
e
c
h
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
e
s
a
n
d
/
o
r
l
a
r
g
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
s
,
be
y
o
u
n
g
e
r
,
l
i
v
e
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
1
0
m
i
l
e
s
f
r
o
m
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
,
a
n
d
ha
v
e
a
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
w
o
r
k
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
.
–
Th
e
y
h
a
v
e
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
s
a
b
o
u
t
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
a
s
a
n
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
,
w
i
t
h
pr
i
m
a
r
y
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
s
b
e
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
l
o
r
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
l
a
c
k
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
r
o
u
t
e
s
,
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
s
,
a
n
d
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
s
t
o
p
s
.
Co
s
t
i
s
a
l
s
o
a
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
39
Co
n
t
a
c
t
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
To
m
P
a
t
r
a
s
to
m
@
e
m
c
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
c
o
m
61
4
.
8
2
7
.
9
6
7
7
Sa
r
a
L
a
B
a
t
t
sa
r
a
@
e
m
c
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
c
o
m
51
0
.
5
5
0
.
8
9
2
4
Do
u
g
M
a
c
D
o
w
e
l
l
do
u
g
@
e
m
c
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
c
o
m
61
4
.
8
2
7
.
9
6
7
3
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
40
Attachment B -
City of Palo Alto (ID # 6823)
City Council Staff Report
Report Type: Action Items Meeting Date: 6/13/2016
City of Palo Alto Page 1
Summary Title: TMA Funding Agreement
Title: Approval of Funding Agreement with the Palo Alto Transportation
Management Association (PATMA) and Silicon Valley Community Foundation
in the Amount of $100,000 for Fiscal Year 2017 for Pilot Programs and
Discussion of the PATMA Draft Strategic Plan
From: City Manager
Lead Department: Planning and Community Environment
Recommendation
Staff recommends that the City Council approve and authorize the City Manager or designee to
execute the funding agreement between the City of Palo Alto, the Silicon Valley Community
Foundation, and the Palo Alto Transportation Management Association (Attachment A).
Executive Summary
With initial direction from City Council in 2013, staff has been actively working on developing
Transportation Demand Management (TDM) strategies to encourage alternatives to solo
driving as part of a multi-faceted effort to address traffic and parking concerns. The
development of a Transportation Management Association (TMA) for Palo Alto was seen as a
key component of this approach, and staff began work with a consultant team on the
development of the organization in 2014. The City of Palo Alto also programmed $100,000 in
pilot funding for TMA programs in Fiscal Year 2016. The Palo Alto TMA incorporated as a non-
profit in January 2016, and is seeking 501 (c)(3) status.
To address concerns expressed by the City Council regarding the TMA’s structure and
transparency, and to define an oversight role for the City, a funding agreement has been
created to formalize the provision of the City funding for TMA programs. This report
summarizes the attached funding agreement between the City of Palo Alto, the Silicon Valley
Community Foundation, and the Palo Alto Transportation Management Association (TMA),
including the use and restrictions of City funds, and provides an overview of the TMA’s draft
City of Palo Alto Page 2
business plan, which is being created to govern the activities of the TMA in the first two years
of its operation.
Background & Discussion
City Council heard an update on the formation of the TMA at the March 14, 2016 meeting
(Attachment B). The staff report for that update contains detailed information on the
background and formation of the TMA to date.
As a non-profit, the TMA has entered into a Customized Philanthropy Services Agreement with
the Silicon Valley Community Foundation (SVCF). This agreement stipulates that the SVCF holds
an account for the TMA that serves to accept donations that are solely for the use of TMA
activities. As the holder of the account, the SVCF has legal discretion and control over the
account. Donations to SVCF are tax deductible.
The City of Palo Alto has programmed $100,000 in FY2016 funding for the TMA to fund initial
pilot programs and to supplement start-up costs for the organization provided through the
City’s contract with its consultants. Given the nature of the agreement with the SVCF, these
funds will be deposited into the account held by the SVCF for the TMA. The SVCF will grant
these funds to the TMA.
At the March 14 City Council study session, several Councilmembers expressed concern
regarding the use of the funding and transparency from the TMA, and expressed a desire for
the City to maintain an oversight role in the use of the funding. To address these concerns, a
funding agreement was created between the City, the TMA, and the SVCF. That funding
agreement is presented for approval tonight (Attachment A). Once in place, the agreement
would be valid through July 1, 2017, and would govern the $100,000 identified by the City of
Palo Alto for use by the TMA and included in the Fiscal Year 2016 Adopted Operating Budget.
The agreement limits the use of the City-provided funds to “pilot projects” conducted by the
TMA with the intent to reduce single-occupancy vehicle trips by downtown commuters. To
address Council concerns, the agreement makes funding for pilot programs contingent on the
TMA providing reports twice annually to the City Council with updates on the implementation
and effectiveness of the pilot programs, conducting open meetings, and providing documents
created by the TMA to the public.
At this time, the TMA Board of Directors has, at City Council request, developed a draft two-
year business plan that identifies the resources required to fund activities (Attachment C). The
draft business plan outlines the key objectives identified by the TMA to guide the organization
in meeting the City’s goal of reducing single occupant vehicle (SOV) commutes to downtown by
City of Palo Alto Page 3
30%. The objectives address topics including program development, partnership, advocacy,
information and outreach, and achieving a sustainable budget. Notably, the business plan
identifies the top priorities for TMA pilot programs for the first several years of operation:
Transit subsidies: With a goal of reaching 1,000 employees, this program would provide
employees with a full transit subsidy for an introductory period and reduce to a lesser
subsidy on an on-going basis.
Carpool subsidies: Targeting a goal of 300 employees, the carpool program would
subsidize carpools to and from Downtown Palo Alto.
Low-Income programs: The goal of these programs is to make sustainable
transportation options more affordable and available for low-wage workers in
Downtown Palo Alto.
As part of the draft business plan, and in response to City Council input at the March 14 study
session, the Board has identified several budget scenarios that would achieve trip reduction in
Downtown Palo Alto through various levels of funding. The draft budget proposals and draft
operating budget for the TMA, contained in Attachments D and E, detail estimated program
costs to achieve the 30% reduction in trips in 3 years through an aggressive budget and
timeline, and over 5 years in a more conservative budget and timeline. The budget also includes
a baseline scenario denoting potential achievements with a minimum of continued funding of
$100,000 annually.
Policy Implication
The support of the Palo Alto TMA is consistent with the following Comprehensive Plan Policies:
Goal T-1: Less Reliance on Single-Occupant Vehicles
Policy T-3: Support the development and expansion of comprehensive, effective
programs to reduce auto use at both local and regional levels.
Resource Impact
The Fiscal Year 2016 Operating Budget contains $100,000 for TMA pilot programs. No
additional funding resources are required at this time. Since the end of the fiscal year is quickly
approaching, staff will request reappropriation of this funding, making it available once the
agreement is in place. Any additional funds made available in the FY17 budget would require
an amendment to the agreement or a separate agreement.
Timeline
City of Palo Alto Page 4
The TMA Board of Directors expects to roll-out the first pilot programs in the summer of 2016.
Other programs will be contingent on funding and the direction of the TMA Board. Pursuant to
the terms of the funding agreement, the Board will provide a written update to the City Council
six months after the agreement is signed.
Attachments:
Attachment A: TMA Funding Agreement (PDF)
Attachment B: March 14, 2016 TMA Update to Council (PDF)
Attachment C: Draft TMA Business Plan (PDF)
Attachment D: Draft TMA Budget Scenarios (PDF)
Attachment E: Draft TMA Operating Budget (PDF)
AGREEMENT AMONG CITY OF PALO ALTO,SILICON VALLEY COMMUNITY
FOUNDATION AND THE PALO ALTO TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT
ASSOCIATION TO PROVIDE FUNDING FOR TRANSPORTATION DEMAND
MANAGEMENT SERVICES FOR PALO ALTO TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT
ASSOCIATION
This Agreement to provide funding for transportation demand management services (this "
Agreement")is made effective as ofJune ,2016 ("Effective Date"),by and between theCity
of Palo Alto,a California chartered municipal corporation ("City"),the Palo Alto Transportation
Management Association,a California nonprofit public benefitcorporation ("PATMA"),and
Silicon Valley Community Foundation,a California nonprofit public benefit corporation ("SVCF"),on
the following terms and conditions.
RECITALS
1.Since 2013, the City hasbeen actively engaged in developing Transportation Demand
Management (TDM) strategiesto encouragealternativesto solo driving to address Palo Alto's
growing traffic and parkingconcerns.
2. The City engaged Moore Iacofano Goltsman,Incorporated ("MIG"),a consultant
groupwith significantexperiencedesigning Bay Area Transportation Management Associations
(TMA's),to assistin forminga TMA.The Palo Alto Transportation Management Association
(PATMA)was incorporated on January 1,2016.
3.The Cityhasan interest inthe success ofthePATMA,and hasmade funding available
for technical support during the start-up phase ofthe organization usingthe funds set aside for
the MIG contract.The City hasalso provided funding for asurvey of Downtownemployee
commute patterns,and seeks to support pilot programs ofthePATMA through thisagreement.
4. SVCF hasenteredintothat certain Customized Philanthropy ServicesAgreement with
PATMA (the "CPS Agreement"),pursuant to which SVCF holds and administers a fund
restricted to specific charitable purposes set forth in such agreement ("Restricted Account").
SVCFhas legal discretion and control overthe Restricted Account.
5.The PATMA intends to seek funding from publicandprivate foundations,private
businesses,public agencies andother financial supporters.
6. The mission statementofthe PATMA isto reduceSingle OccupancyVehicle (SOV)
trips,traffic congestion and demand for parking bydelivering targeted transportation solutions to
the Downtown area's diverse range ofemployers,employees,visitors and residents.It also
serves as a one-stop transportation information resource for the broader community,provides a
forum for community dialogue,and isan active voicein local and regional transportation issues.
While the primary focus of the PATMA isthe Downtown population whose travel choices have
the highest impacts,its programs and services mayextend beyond these constituents.
160517jb 0131512
Attachment A
7.The Parties agree to enter into this Funding Agreement to facilitate the immediate
implementation of pilot programs to reduce single occupancy vehicle (SOV)trips by downtown
workers in Palo Alto.
AGREEMENT
NOW,THEREFORE,forgood and valuable consideration,thereceipt and adequacy of
which are hereby acknowledged,the Parties hereby agreeas follows:
1.Recitals.The recitals set forth above are true and correct and are hereby incorporated into this
Agreementintheir entirety.
2.Term.Thetermofthis Agreement shallbefromthe Effective Date through July 1,2017.
3.City Deposit.TheCityshalltransferthesumof$100,000 ("CityFunds")to SVCF,to be
depositedintothe Restricted Accountfor useforthe purposesdescribed inthis Agreement.
4. Use ofCity Funds.SVCFshall holdand administerthe City Fundspursuantto the terms of
the Restricted Account. SVCF and PATMA shall use the City Funds for the general purposes of
the Restricted Account, as defined in the CPS Agreement, as further restricted for "pilot
projects" intended to reduce single occupancy vehicle trips by downtown workers, as mutually
agreed upon by the City Manager and PATMA. SVCF shall track the City Funds separately
from other amounts held in the Restricted Account.
5.Strategic Planand Budget.Within 90 days ofthe EffectiveDate,PATMA shallprovidea
detailedstrategic planand budgettothe City.Thestrategicplanmayutilizescenariosto
illustratethe returnon investmentassociatedwithdifferent funding levels.
6.Reporting Requirement.PATMAshall providethe CityCouncilwith bi-annualwritten
reports ontheimplementation and effectiveness ofpilot programs funded bythe City,including
quantitative measures and cost per employee mode shift.
7.Public Meeting Requirement.The funding isexpressly contingent on PATMA's agreement
toprovide 72 hours written advance notice tothe public ofallBoard of Director meetings and to
allow members ofthe public to attend all such Board of Director meetings.
8.Work Product.PATMA,shall ensure any written document orother work product developed
with funds received through this Agreement ismade available tothe public to the extent not
otherwise prohibited by law.
9.Audits.PATMA and SVCF will make available all financial records related to the funds and
the use of the funds during the term ofthis Agreement and for three (3)years
thereafter.PATMA and SVCF further agreeto maintain and retain such records forat leastthree
(3)years aftertheexpiration or earlier termination ofthis Agreement.
160517jb0l3I512
10.Indemnity.To the fullest extent permitted by law,PATMA shall protect,indemnify,defend
and hold harmless CITY and itsCouncil members,SVCF,and each of the City'sand SVCF's
officers,employees and agents (each an"Indemnified Party")from and against any and all
demands,claims,or liability ofany nature,including death orinjury to any person,property
damage oranyother loss,including all costs and expenses of whatever nature including
attorney's fees,experts fees,court costs and disbursements ("Claims")resulting from,arising out
ofor inany mannerrelated to performance or nonperformance by PATMA,itsofficers,
employees,agentsor contractorsunderthis Agreement,regardless ofwhetheror not it iscaused
in part by an Indemnified Party.
Notwithstandingthe above,nothing inthis section shall beconstruedto require PATMAto
indemnifyan Indemnified Party from Claims arising from the active negligence, sole negligence
or willful misconduct ofan Indemnified Party.
The provisions ofthis section shall survive the expiration or early termination ofthis Agreement.
11.Insurance.PATMA, at itssole cost and expense, shall obtain and maintain, in full force and
effectduringtheterm ofthis Agreement,the insurance coveragedescribed inExhibit "A".
PATMA and its contractors,ifany, shall obtain a policy endorsement naming CITY as an
additionalinsuredunderanygeneral liabilityor automobilepolicyor policies.
All insurance coverage required hereunder shallbe provided through carriers with AM Best's
Key Rating Guide ratings of A-:VII or higher which are licensed or authorized to transact
insurance businessinthe State ofCalifornia.Anyandall contractors ofPATMA retained to
perform Services under this Agreement will obtain and maintain,in full force and effect during
the term ofthis Agreement,identical insurance coverage,naming CITY asanadditional insured
under such policiesas requiredabove.
12.Other Requirements:
(a)Strategic Planning Session.PATMA shall conduct astrategic planning session within 90 days
ofthe date ofthis Agreement,producing 3-year goals and objectives and funding requirements,
and a budget with projected metrics (cost per mode shift,ROI,etc.).
(b)Business Registry Data.The City may elect to share certain data from its Business Registry
with PATMA for PATMA's exclusive use inprogram development and marketing.PATMA
agrees not to share any non-public data with others and will take steps to ensure the continued
confidentiality ofanysuch non-public data.
(c)Performance Monitoring.The City may implement its own performance monitoring ofCity
funded programs to determine effectiveness of provided funds.
(d)Additional Use Restrictions.The City Funds will not be used for anything other than project
management and program costs ofthe agreed to projects until the funds are expired.
160517jb 0131512
(e)Board Members.The City may request that the PATMA Board be expanded to include
additional members,possibly including residents and additional City representation.
13.Notices.
All notices hereunder willbegivenin writing and mailed,postage prepaid,by certified mail,
addressed as follows:
To CITY:
Office ofthe City Clerk
City ofPalo Alto
Post Office Box 10250
Palo Alto,CA 94303
With a copy to the Purchasing Manager
To PATMA:
Palo Alto Transportation Management Association
c/o Wendy Silvani
791 MandanaBlvd.
Oakland,CA 94610
To SVCF:
Silicon ValleyCommunityFoundation
Attn:Michelle Fries on behalfofPATMA,Fund #5495
2440 West El Camino Real,Suite 300
Mountain View,CA 94040
14.AuthoritytoBind.The individuals executing this Agreement represent and warrant that
they have the legal capacity and authority to do so on behalf oftheir respective legal entities.
15.Counterpart Signatures.This Agreement may be signed in multiple counterparts,which
shall,when executed by all the parties,constitute asingle binding agreement.
16.Applicable Law.This Agreement will begoverned by the laws ofthe State of California.
17.Venue.In the event that an action isbrought,the parties agree that trial ofsuch action will be
vested exclusively in the state courts ofCalifornia in the County ofSanta Clara,State of
California.
18.Amendments.This document represents the entire and integrated agreement between the
parties and supersedes all prior negotiations,representations,and contracts,either written ororal.
This document may be amended only by awritten instrument,which is signed by the parties.
160517jb0131512
19.Severability.Ifacourt ofcompetent jurisdiction finds or rules that any provision ofthis
Agreement or any amendment thereto isvoid or unenforceable,the unaffected provisions ofthis
Agreement and anyamendments thereto will remain in full force andeffect
IN WITNESS WHEREOF,the Parties have executed tins Agreement as ofthe Effective Date.
PALO ALTO TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION:
Jjtks^r
Title:gJlACr fcJc*\b TftAr
'T
SILICON VALLEY COMMUNITY FOUNDATION:
Name:Mari HIen L^008
r^(^Bustno^r^eiopmentandBn^O^
CITY OF PALO ALTO:
James Keene
APPROVED ASTO FORM:
CoraSilver
Senior Asst City Attorney
19.Severability.Ifa court of competent jurisdiction finds or rules that any provision of this
Agreement oranyamendment thereto is void or unenforceable,the unaffected provisions ofthis
Agreement and any amendments thereto will remain in full force and effect.
IN WITNESSWHEREOF,the Partieshaveexecutedthis Agreementas ofthe EffectiveDate.
PALO ALTO TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION:
Name:
Title:
SILICON VALLEY COMMUNITY FOUNDATION:
fj
Xl Mari Ellen LoijensName:J
„., Chief Business,Development and Brand OfficerTitle:
CITY OF PALO ALTO:
James Keene
City Manager
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
Cara Silver
Senior Asst. City Attorney
160517jb 0131512
EXHIBIT "A"
INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS
CONTRACTORSTO THE CITY OFPALO ALTO (CITY), AT THEIRSOLE EXPENSE,SHALL FORTHETERM OFTHE CONTRACT
OBTAIN AND MAINTAIN INSURANCE IN THE AMOUNTS FOR THE COVERAGE SPECIFIED BELOW, AFFORDED BY
COMPANIES WITH AM BEST'S KEY RATING OF A-:VII,OR HIGHER,LICENSED OR AUTHORIZED TO TRANSACT
INSURANCE BUSINESS IN THESTATE OFCALIFORNIA.
AWARD IS CONTINGENTON COMPLIANCEWITH CITY'S INSURANCEREQUIREMENTS.AS SPECIFIED,BELOW:
REQUIRED TYPE OF COVERAGE REQUIREMENT
MINIMUM LIMITS
EACH
OCCURRENCE AGGREGATE
YES
YES
WORKER'SCOMPENSATION
EMPLOYER'S LIABILITY
STATUTORY
STATUTORY
YES GENERAL LIABILITY.INCLUDING
PERSONAL INJURY,BROADFORM
PROPERTY DAMAGEBLANKET
CONTRACTUAL,AND FIRE LEGAL
LIABILITY
BODILY INJURY
PROPERTY DAMAGE
BODILY INJURY &PROPERTY DAMAGE
COMBINED.
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
YES AUTOMOBILE LIABILITY,INCLUDING
ALLOWNED,HIRED,NON-OWNED
BODILY INJURY
EACH PERSON
EACHOCCURRENCE
PROPERTY DAMAGE
BODILYINJURYANDPROPERTY
DAMAGE,COMBINED
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
Sl.000.000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
YES PROFESSIONAL LIABILITY,INCLUDING,
ERRORS ANDOMISSIONS.
MALPRACTICE (WHEN APPLICABLE),
ANDNEGLIGENTPERFORMANCE ALL DAMAGES $1,000,000
YES THE CITY OF PALO ALTO IS TO BE NAMED AS AN ADDITIONAL INSURED:CONTRACTOR.AT ITS SOLE COST AND
EXPENSE.SHALL OBTAIN AND MAINTAIN,IN FULL FORCE AND EFFECT THROUGHOUT THE ENTIRE TERM OF ANY
RESULTANT AGREEMENT,THE INSURANCE COVERAGE HEREIN DESCRIBED,INSURING NOT ONLY CONTRACTOR AND ITS
SUBCONSULTANTS,IFANY,BUT ALSO.WITH THE EXCEPTION OFWORKERS'COMPENSATION,EMPLOYER'S LIABILITY AND
PROFESSIONAL INSURANCE,NAMING AS ADDITIONAL INSUREDS CITY,ITS COUNCIL MEMBERS,OFFICERS,AGENTS,
AND EMPLOYEES.
II.
III.
INSURANCECOVERAGE MUST INCLUDE;
A.
B.
A PROVISIONFOR A WRITTEN THIRTY (30) DAY ADVANCE NOTICETO CITY OFCHANGE IN
COVERAGEOR OFCOVERAGECANCELLATION;AND
A CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY ENDORSEMENT PROVIDING INSURANCE COVERAGE FOR
CONTRACTOR'S AGREEMENTTO INDEMNIFY CITY.
C.DEDUCTIBLE AMOUNTS IN EXCESS OF $5,000 REQUIRE CITY'SPRIOR APPROVAL.
CONTACTOR MUST SUBMIT CERTIFICATES(S)OF INSURANCE EVIDENCING REQUIRED COVERAGE.
ENDORSEMENT PROVISIONS,WITH RESPECT TO THE INSURANCE AFFORDED TO "ADDITIONAL
INSUREDS"
A.PRIMARY COVERAGE
WITH RESPECT TO CLAIMS ARISING OUT OF THE OPERATIONS OF THE NAMED INSURED,INSURANCE AS
AFFORDED BY THIS POLICY IS PRIMARY AND IS NOT ADDITIONAL TO ORCONTRIBUTING WITH ANYOTHER
INSURANCE CARRIED BY ORFOR THE BENEFIT OF THE ADDITIONAL INSUREDS
160517jb 0131512
B.CROSS LIABILITY
THE NAMING OF MORE THAN ONE PERSON, FIRM, OR CORPORATION AS INSUREDS UNDER THE POLICY
SHALLNOT, FOR THAT REASON ALONE.EXTINGUISH ANY RIGHTS OF THE INSURED AGAINST ANOTHER.
BUT THIS ENDORSEMENT, AND THE NAMING OF MULTIPLE INSUREDS, SHALL NOT INCREASE THE TOTAL
LIABILITY OF THE COMPANY UNDERTHIS POLICY.
C.NOTICE OF CANCELLATION
1.IF THE POLICY IS CANCELED BEFORE ITS EXPIRATION DATE FOR ANY REASON
OTHER THAN THE NON-PAYMENT OF PREMIUM,THE ISSUING COMPANY SHALL
PROVIDE CITY AT LEAST A THIRTY (30) DAY WRITTEN NOTICE BEFORE THE
EFFECTIVE DATEOF CANCELLATION.
2.IF THE POLICY IS CANCELED BEFORE ITS EXPIRATION DATE FOR THE NON
PAYMENT OF PREMIUM,THE ISSUING COMPANY SHALL PROVIDE CITY AT LEAST A
TEN (10)DAY WRITTEN NOTICE BEFORE THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF CANCELLATION.
NOTICES SHALL BE MAILED TO:
PURCHASING ANDCONTRACT ADMINISTRATION
CITY OF PALOALTO
P.O.BOX 10250
PALO ALTO,CA 94303
160517jb0131512
City of Palo Alto (ID # 6427)
City Council Staff Report
Report Type: Study Session Meeting Date: 3/14/2016
Summary Title: Downtown Transportation Management Association Study
Session
Title: Update on the Formation of the Downtown TMA (Transportation
Management Association)
From: City Manager
Lead Department: Planning and Community Environment
Recommendation
Staff recommends that the City Council receive and review the report on the Palo Alto
Transportation Management Association. This is a study session, and no action is requested.
Executive Summary
Since 2013, the City has been actively engaged in developing Transportation Demand
Management (TDM) strategies to encourage alternatives to solo driving to address Palo !lto’s
growing traffic and parking concerns. A City Council colleagues memo dated October 3, 2013
resulted in Council direction to convene a study session and develop an initial recommendation
related to goals of reducing traffic and parking demand. On December 9, 2013 Council held a
study session with representatives of Google, Contra Costa Centre and Stanford University, all
considered Bay Area leaders in applying TDM strategies, to better understand their respective
programs and their potential application to Palo !lto’s challenges. The ity ouncil
subsequently requested a staff analysis and recommendation regarding establishment of a
Transportation Management Association (TMA) for Palo Alto, and on February 24, 2014,
directed staff to move forward with the steps necessary to form the organization.
The Transportation Management Association (TMA) Steering Committee, a consortium of local
employers (including the City of Palo Alto) with resident representatives, worked through 2015
to develop the vision, mission and goals intended for a new TMA. Led by a consultant team with
significant experience in developing TMAs in the bay area, the team conducted the first
comprehensive commute survey for Downtown, discussed potential funding sources for
City of Palo Alto Page 1
Attachment B
ongoing programs, the need to provide services for lower wage workers in the Downtown, a
variety of rideshare pilot programs and the preferred structure for TMA formation. The group
voted in November to incorporate as a 501(c)3 non-profit and will have a fiscal sponsor who
will collect monies on behalf of the organization, the Silicon Valley Community Foundation
(SVCF).
The TMA had its first official Board meeting on January 28th, and this report summarizes some
of the key activities of the TM! Steering ommittee and the oard’s plan for action in 2016. As
a major employer Downtown, the City is a key member of the TMA Board of Directors, and its
input and participation will be critical to the TM!’s operations and success.
Background & Discussion
What is a TMA?
A TMA is a business-member funded organization that develops, markets, manages and
advocates for effective transportation programs. TMAs are formed in a variety of ways, but
they generally share the common goals of reducing single-occupant vehicle trips, reducing
congestion and demand for parking, and improving quality of life by reducing greenhouse gas
emissions. Some other benefits of TMAs include:
- TM!’s can provide a comprehensive approach to managing transportation needs in a
particular area, and a framework for multiple constituents to work collaboratively on
these solutions.
-TM!’s can fund and offer branded services to both residents and commercial businesses
cost-effectively and efficiently through a network of alliances and partnerships.
Providing a one-stop resource with consistent messaging and promotion is a hugely
important ‘customer service’ factor that affects awareness and utilization of TDM
programs and services.
In the larger context, having a TMA positions Palo Alto to work cooperatively with neighboring
cities and other agencies in providing a flexible array of programs and services. While the Palo
Alto TMA will initially be focused on the Downtown area, transportation programs are by
nature connective and provide benefit to areas outside their targeted region. Because travel
routes used by residents, employees and visitors typically cross neighborhood and city
boundaries, having a TMA that recognizes key linkages is critical to developing quality programs
and services. For example, Palo !lto’s TM! was developed with the idea of initially developing
programs to support Downtown employee commutes, but this focus will also provide reciprocal
benefit to Palo Alto Downtown residents who may be travelling the opposite way to work; e.g.
to worksites in neighboring cities.
City of Palo Alto Page 2
An effective TMA can have significant measurable benefits such as:
Reducing the number of single-occupancy-vehicle (SOV) trips made within and through
Palo Alto, which reduces traffic congestion and the demand for parking;
Reducing the need to build new parking facilities;
Reducing total vehicle miles traveled (VMT);
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions generated both locally and at the regional level,
which contributes to Palo !lto’s sustainability goals.
A TMA also provides a forum for public and private entities and businesses of all sizes to work
together on transportation programs. Generally, larger companies fund the majority of the cost
of programs for the benefit of smaller companies. Because larger companies have more
employees and hence contribute more to traffic congestion, they have more of a vested
interest to work towards reducing single occupant vehicle trips.
TM!’s are structured in a variety of ways. Some operate with a membership- for- services
model, where a company pays membership dues based on its size and business category. Some
TM!’s sell access to a collection of programs available at different levels of financial support
(bus services, rideshare discounts, carshare programs, or discounted transit passes, as
examples). Others receive funding from their cities, counties, and other sources and provide
information and some services to all companies within the TM!’s service area. Still others are
hybrids, receiving some public and some private funding- providing some ‘free’ services to
everyone and charging for other programs. Some TM!’s (as well as Transportation programs
such as Stanford’s) receive funding from parking fees for their TDM programs and services.
Formation of the Palo Alto TMA
The ity engaged a consultant group with significant experience designing ay !rea TM!’s- MIG
with TMA expert Wendy Silvani. This team recommended that Palo Alto follow a standard
approach of engaging a Steering Committee which would develop a work plan, mission
statement for the TMA, evaluate pilots for start-up programs, and propose a structure for the
TM!’s ultimate oard of Directors. !t the request of the ity, this Steering Committee, a
consortium of 12+ local employers, community and residential representatives, and the City of
Palo Alto, worked through 2015 to develop the vision, mission and goals for the new TMA.
Last May, this team partnered with EMC research to conduct the first comprehensive commute
survey for Downtown which provided the basis for the TM!’s initial priorities. The group also
discussed potential funding sources for ongoing programs, the need to provide services for
lower wage workers in the Downtown, and learned about a variety of rideshare pilot programs.
City of Palo Alto Page 3
It determined the preferred structure for TMA formation and voted in November to
incorporate as a 501(c)3 non-profit and has a fiscal sponsor who will collect monies on behalf of
the organization, the Silicon Valley Community Foundation (SVCF). This structure will enable the
TMA to seek funding from many public and private foundations and other financial supporters;
it also gives the new TMA and its supporters the assurance of professional accounting,
reporting and other administrative management.
The TMA officially incorporated at the start of January and had its first official Board meeting on
January 28th, 2016.
Structure of the Palo Alto TMA Board
Based on Business Registry data, employers with 100+ employees account for over 70% of all
employees who work in Downtown Palo Alto. These companies have the greatest potential to
fund and adopt TDM programs that will make a difference in reducing SOV commutes and
parking demand. These companies are of sufficient size to be able to take advantage of bulk
transit pass programs, and have budgets to fund TDM programs for their employees. The 2015
commute survey results also indicated that employees who work for larger companies are
among the ‘most likely’ to change behavior – they live in places where transit and other non-
SOV commuting is an option and they work schedules conducive to using alternatives, etc. The
initial structure of the Palo Alto TMA Board has 3 large companies (300+ employees based in
Palo Alto) - the City, Google, and Palantir; two medium sized companies (the Garden Court
hotel and IDEO), and one small company (Philz Coffee). This ratio reflects the Business Registry
data; it is flexible and designed to be inclusive, but also to ensure Board members support the
TMA at a level that will provide a basis for the TMA to be successful through their financial
commitments.
Although Google does not have employees in Downtown currently, they are an active regional
partner (they have offices in Palo Alto in the Research Park) and have significant experience in
developing transportation programs which achieve sizeable SOV reduction. In addition, while
the focus of the TMA is initially in the Downtown areas, the Steering Committee acknowledged
that regional commute factors influence the Downtown and ultimately the focus of the TMA
may expand beyond these boundaries. There are also Google employees who are residents of
Downtown that could use TM! services in the “empty” direction (e.g. heading out of
Downtown), which makes the services more efficient and effective.
Financial Contributions and Board Size
The Steering ommittee’s consultant was able to provide recommendations from an attorney
who has worked on establishment of many similar organizations, and that attorney ultimately
City of Palo Alto Page 4
drafted the incorporation documents and bylaws. The consultant and attorney strongly
recommended that all Board members be required to make a contribution to the organization
to minimize risk exposure for the organization, a contribution which is separate from
membership dues which would be paid by organizations who would become members of the
TMA and take advantage of the services that it sells. The Steering Committee was unanimous
in not wanting the TMA to spend time trying to sell and collect nominal ‘dues’ from the many
small businesses, or searching for the basics – i.e., the salary of its Executive Director. Instead,
they want the Director to focus on funding for programs, marketing and managing those
programs. The current Board is deliberately small, with six members who are committed to
the successful rollout of programs on a ‘fast track’ that will benefit the entire downtown
community. As the TMA develops, it can easily increase the size of its Board to include others.
Currently, the Large Employer Board contribution is $10,000 annually, the Medium-Sized
Employer Board contribution is $2,500 annually, and the Small Employer Board contribution is
$1,000 annually. The Board is expected to set membership dues within the next several weeks.
Advisory Committee(s)
The Board will encourage participation from other companies in the TMA through an Advisory
Committee. The structure of how this committee would operate is yet to be determined; it
could take the shape of committees for various projects (i.e., those interested in a Lyft pilot or
just the transit pass program). The Steering Committee expects that the structure for the
Advisory Committee will evolve over the next few months. The requirement for a financial
contribution/membership fee to the TMA would not apply to an advisory committee to ensure
participation by anyone who is interested.
Feedback Mechanisms
The TMA Board will have feedback mechanisms for all TMA-sponsored programs so anyone can
provide input, suggestions, and ideas based on their experience as the Board designs,
evaluates, and refines programs and services. The focus of the TM!’s initial programs will be
on offering direct subsidies to many employees whose employers can’t provide commute
benefits because they are ‘too small’, and encouraging the 100+ employers for whom offering
transportation benefits is realistic to do so.
Other Examples
It is commonplace for a City to have a seat on the Board of the TMA and to provide funding.
The following TMAs are Bay Area examples:
1. City of Emeryville: The City of Emeryville provided the bulk of funding for the first 3
years for the Emery-Go-Round TMA at 90%, 75%, then 50% of the total budget, and was
City of Palo Alto Page 5
also on the Board. When the TMA became part of the PBID, the City became ex-officio
on the Board (no vote).
2. San Mateo Corridor TMA: The City of San Mateo is on the Board and helps fund the TMA.
3. Alameda Landing TMA: The City of Alameda has 2 representatives on the Board and is
providing funding for the TMA.
The ity ouncil will receive an annual report on the TM!’s activities each year. The ity’s
funding will be important in initial years for the launch of TMA programs, and the City Council
can provide requested funding concurrent with requests for expansion of the Board,
establishment of the Advisory Committee, or pilot projects, as examples. In this way the City
can influence the TM!’s programs and direction.
2016 Board Workplan
While the TMA is still in fledgling stage, the group agreed to continue to work with the
MIG/Silvani consulting team while recruiting for an Executive Director for the organization. Top
priorities for the Board include:
1. Recruitment of an Executive Director. The ED will replace the consultant team hired by
the City as the leader of the organization. While the Board members are not expected to
have TDM experience, this will be a key component of the employment requirements
for the ED
2. Launch of a pilot program that subsidizes low-income Downtown workers with transit
passes. Prior to the incorporation of the organization, the TMA Steering Committee
spent several months exploring a variety of pilot programs to determine which offered
the most immediate value to the Downtown, and a low-income worker transit pass
subsidy program was ultimately determined to have the most immediate impact.
Stanford’s Sustainable ities class has been working with the TM! to develop the
parameters of a pilot transit pass program. The students speak Mandarin and Spanish
and will be able to support outreach to workers who require those languages. This
program could launch as early as April or May depending on the position of the Board.
The Board will be discussing the details of the proposal at their meeting on March 3.
SOV Trip Goal Reduction
The TMA Steering Committee felt that specific numeric goals should be set for individual
programs (i.e., targeting a number of employees for the low income transit subsidy; another
number for another pilot program such as Lyft subsidies, etc.) This will allow the TMA to
adjust/refine/create programs against specific participation, and help the City achieve its 30%
reduction goal. On an annual basis, a 30% reduction from the current overall 55% SOV trip rate
is 1650 people. Broken up over a 4 year period, that equates to 412 people a year; over 5 years
City of Palo Alto Page 6
330 people. The TMA Board believes that achieving this type of reduction over a 4-5 year period
is a reasonable target.
Policy Implications
Development of a TMA is consistent with the following Comprehensive Plan Policies:
Goal T-1: Less Reliance on Single-Occupant Vehicles
Policy T-3: Support the development and expansion of comprehensive, effective
programs to reduce auto use at both local and regional levels.
Resource Impact
In order to submit for IRS incorporation, the TMA developed a draft budget to guide its
development. Projected expenses for 2016 are listed below. The TMA is a separate organization
with its own revenues and expenses, so while the City will be asked to contribute resources to
the TMA for program development, ultimately the organization will have multiple sources of
revenue. The TM!’s proposed budget is shown in Table 1, below.
Table 1. TMA Proposed Draft Budget*
Executive Director Salary (Part-time,
assumed starting in June)
$40,000
Annual Commute Survey, included in
existing consultant contract
$33,000
SVCF processing fees, included in
existing contract
$11,400
Legal Fees for IRS filing, included in
IRS contract
$2,500
Low Income Transit Pass Program –
assumes 120 passes per month @ $75
each for 6 months; program still in
development
$54,000
Marketing $10,000
General Office Supplies $2,500
Miscellaneous and Other Programs $28,000
TOTAL $182,000
*This budget estimate is for the independent non-profit TMA and is not meant to reflect
City budgetary commitments or requests.
City of Palo Alto Page 7
Staff will be making a budget request for $100,000 to City Council to support the TMA as part of
the FY2017 budget process. This $100,000 includes $90,000 to cover overhead expenses and
other costs noted above, and the requested $10,000 large employer contribution. Additionally,
City staff are working on an agreement with the TMA to provide up to $100,000 in funds that
were budgetted by the City in FY2016 for TMA pilot programs. Funded pilot programs could
include the transit-pass subsidy program, a pilot with Lyft, and possibly development of a
“commuter wallet” Mobility !s ! Service (MaaS) product. Several smaller employers have also
made contributions amounting to $32,000 for development of a low-income transit subsidy
program, and Google, Palantir and the Garden Court Hotel have pledged their Board
Contributions (total $22,500).
Timeline
The TMA officially launched in January 2016. It is expected to roll-out a low-income transit
subsidy in April or May of 2016. Other programs will be contingent on funding and the direction
of the TMA Board.
Attachments:
Attachment A: EMC Final Report on Downtown Survey (PDF)
Attachment B: Palo AltoTMA Board Packet Feb16th (PDF)
City of Palo Alto Page 8
Do
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
Mo
d
e
S
p
l
i
t
S
u
r
v
e
y
Ma
y
2
0
1
5
"UUBDINFOU"
Me
t
h
o
d
o
l
o
g
y
`
1,
1
7
3
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
a
t
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
e
s
l
o
c
a
t
e
d
w
i
t
h
i
n
a
n
a
r
e
a
o
f
Do
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
b
o
u
n
d
b
y
E
l
C
a
m
i
n
o
Re
a
l
,
W
e
b
s
t
e
r
S
t
r
e
e
t
,
E
v
e
r
e
t
t
A
v
e
n
u
e
,
a
n
d
Fo
r
e
s
t
A
v
e
n
u
e
.
`
Th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
o
n
r
a
t
e
w
a
s
4
4
%
,
w
h
i
c
h
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
su
r
v
e
y
s
c
o
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
e
m
pl
o
y
e
e
s
a
t
p
a
r
t
i
c
i
p
a
t
i
n
g
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
e
s
.
T
h
e
ov
e
r
a
l
l
r
e
s
p
o
n
s
e
r
a
t
e
w
a
s
1
2
%
,
w
h
i
c
h
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
d
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
co
m
p
a
r
e
d
t
o
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
n
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
i
n
D
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
.
`
A
s
t
r
a
t
i
f
i
e
d
r
a
n
d
o
m
s
a
m
p
l
e
o
f
w
o
r
k
s
i
t
e
s
w
a
s
p
u
l
l
e
d
b
y
w
o
r
k
s
i
t
e
s
i
z
e
,
i
n
c
l
u
d
i
n
g
s
m
a
l
l
,
me
d
i
u
m
a
n
d
l
a
r
g
e
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
e
s
.
S
a
m
p
l
e
d
w
o
r
k
s
i
t
e
s
w
e
r
e
c
o
n
t
a
c
t
e
d
d
i
r
e
c
t
l
y
t
o
i
d
e
n
t
i
f
y
a
n
d
re
c
r
u
i
t
a
n
o
n
s
i
t
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
c
o
o
r
d
i
n
a
t
o
r
w
h
o
d
i
s
t
ri
b
u
t
e
d
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
s
t
o
a
l
l
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
a
t
t
h
e
i
r
re
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
w
o
r
k
s
i
t
e
s
.
`
Th
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
w
a
s
o
f
f
e
r
e
d
i
n
o
n
l
i
n
e
a
n
d
p
a
p
e
r
fo
r
m
a
t
s
f
o
r
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
o
f
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
e
s
w
i
t
h
5
or
m
o
r
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
,
a
n
d
w
a
s
c
o
n
d
u
c
t
e
d
b
y
t
e
l
e
p
h
o
n
e
w
i
t
h
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
o
f
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
e
s
w
i
t
h
4
o
r
f
e
w
e
r
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
.
`
Da
t
a
c
o
l
l
e
c
t
i
o
n
b
e
g
a
n
M
a
y
4
th
an
d
e
n
d
e
d
t
h
e
w
e
e
k
o
f
M
a
y
2
5
th
.
E
a
c
h
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
w
a
s
as
k
e
d
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
m
o
d
e
q
u
e
s
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
o
n
e
c
a
l
e
n
d
a
r
w
e
e
k
p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s
t
o
t
h
e
d
a
t
e
o
n
w
h
i
c
h
th
e
y
t
o
o
k
t
h
e
s
u
r
v
e
y
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
2
Do
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
Fo
r
t
h
i
s
s
t
u
d
y
,
D
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
w
a
s
d
e
f
i
n
e
d
a
s
t
h
e
a
r
e
a
b
o
u
n
d
b
y
E
l
C
a
m
i
n
o
R
e
a
l
,
We
b
s
t
e
r
S
t
r
e
e
t
,
E
v
e
r
e
t
t
A
v
e
n
u
e
,
a
n
d
F
o
r
e
s
t
A
v
e
n
u
e
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
3
Mo
d
e
s
o
f
Tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
Mo
d
e
S
h
a
r
e
-
O
v
e
r
a
l
l
Mo
r
e
t
h
a
n
h
a
l
f
(
5
5
%
)
o
f
t
h
e
t
r
i
p
s
t
a
k
e
n
i
n
t
o
d
o
wn
t
o
w
n
a
r
e
s
i
n
g
l
e
-
o
c
c
u
p
a
n
t
-
v
e
h
i
c
l
e
t
r
i
p
s
.
%’
s
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
t
r
i
p
s
t
a
k
e
n
du
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
w
e
e
k
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
Wa
l
k
e
d
Ro
d
e
a
b
i
c
y
c
l
e
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
Wo
r
k
e
d
r
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
Ot
h
e
r
55
%
17
%
SO
V
T
o
t
a
l
:
55
%
8%
In
c
l
u
d
e
s
d
r
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
n
d
m
o
t
o
r
c
y
c
l
e
Tr
a
n
s
i
t
T
o
t
a
l
:
1
9
%
In
c
l
u
d
e
s
b
u
s
a
n
d
r
a
i
l
7%
No
n
-
m
o
t
o
r
i
z
e
d
T
o
t
a
l
:
1
5
%
In
c
l
u
d
e
s
w
a
l
k
i
n
g
a
n
d
r
i
d
i
n
g
a
b
i
c
y
c
l
e
5%
5%
3%
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
wh
a
t
m
o
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
d
i
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
do
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
7
Mo
d
e
S
h
a
r
e
b
y
W
o
r
k
s
i
t
e
S
i
z
e
As
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
s
i
z
e
d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
,
t
h
e
pe
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
S
O
V
t
r
i
p
s
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
.
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
Wa
l
k
/
B
i
k
e
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
Wo
r
k
e
d
r
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
/
O
t
h
e
r
74
%
61
%
41
%
25
%
22
%
14
%
12
%
8%
7%
7%
8%
7%
6%
5%
4%
1-
2
5
e
m
p
.
(
2
4
%
)
26
-
1
0
0
e
m
p
.
(
3
2
%
)
10
1
+
e
m
p
.
(
4
4
%
)
Bu
s
i
n
e
s
s
S
i
z
e
b
y
N
u
m
b
e
r
o
f
E
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
Nu
m
b
e
r
s
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
fo
r
e
a
c
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
u
b
g
r
o
u
p
.
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
w
h
a
t
mo
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
di
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
8
Mo
d
e
S
h
a
r
e
b
y
S
e
l
f
-
R
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
C
o
m
m
u
t
e
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
As
t
h
e
d
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
f
r
o
m
D
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
s
,
m
o
d
e
s
h
i
f
t
s
t
o
w
a
r
d
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
.
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
Wa
l
k
/
B
i
k
e
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
Wo
r
k
e
d
R
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
/
O
t
h
e
r
69
%
52
%
40
%
38
%
30
%
19
%
11
%
7%
6%
5%
6%
5%
5%
4%
1%
<1
t
o
1
0
(
4
5
%
)
10
t
o
5
0
(
3
5
%
)
50
+
(
2
0
%
)
Di
s
t
a
n
c
e
T
r
a
v
e
l
e
d
i
n
M
i
l
e
s
(s
e
l
f
-
r
e
p
o
r
t
e
d
)
Nu
m
b
e
r
s
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
fo
r
e
a
c
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
u
b
g
r
o
u
p
.
Av
e
r
a
g
e
D
i
s
t
a
n
c
e
T
r
a
v
e
l
e
d
:
Ov
e
r
a
l
l
=
1
5
.
8
m
i
l
e
s
|
S
O
V
=
1
5
.
9
m
i
l
e
s
|
T
r
a
n
s
i
t
=
2
3
.
5
m
i
l
e
s
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
w
h
a
t
mo
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
di
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
9
Mo
d
e
S
h
a
r
e
b
y
H
o
m
e
G
e
o
g
r
a
p
h
y
Co
m
m
u
t
e
r
s
f
r
o
m
S
a
n
F
r
a
n
c
i
s
c
o
a
r
e
t
h
e
l
e
a
s
t
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
.
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
Wa
l
k
/
B
i
k
e
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
Wo
r
k
e
d
R
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
/
O
t
h
e
r
76
%
70
%
65
%
63
%
48
%
41
%
20
%
18
%
16
%
12
%
12
%
10
%
9%
7%
6%
6%
5%
5%
3%
3%
3%
1%
1%
0%
0%
Sa
n
F
r
a
n
c
i
s
c
o
(
1
0
%
)
P
e
n
i
n
s
u
l
a
(
2
0
%
)
S
o
u
t
h
B
a
y
(
3
3
%
)
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
(
2
2
%
)
E
a
s
t
B
a
y
(
7
%
)
Nu
m
b
e
r
s
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
en
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
su
b
g
r
o
u
p
.
Re
f
u
s
e
d
t
o
r
e
p
o
r
t
=
8
%
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
w
h
a
t
mo
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
di
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
10
Mo
d
e
S
h
a
r
e
b
y
A
g
e
a
n
d
P
a
r
e
n
t
a
l
S
t
a
t
u
s
Ol
d
e
r
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
r
s
a
n
d
P
a
r
e
n
t
s
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
.
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
Wa
l
k
/
B
i
k
e
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
Wo
r
k
e
d
R
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
/
O
t
h
e
r
70
%
51
%
20
%
18
%
9%
9%
7%
7%
5%
5%
18
-
4
9
(
6
6
%
)
50
+
(
1
9
%
)
Ag
e
Re
f
u
s
e
d
t
o
r
e
p
o
r
t
=
1
5
%
66
%
50
%
20
%
19
%
11
%
8%
8%
7%
7%
4%
Pa
r
e
n
t
(
2
8
%
)
N
o
n
P
a
r
e
n
t
(
6
8
%
)
Pa
r
e
n
t
a
l
S
t
a
t
u
s
Re
f
u
s
e
d
t
o
r
e
p
o
r
t
=
4
%
Nu
m
b
e
r
s
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
fo
r
e
a
c
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
s
u
b
g
r
o
u
p
.
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
w
h
a
t
mo
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
di
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
11
Mo
d
e
S
h
a
r
e
b
y
W
o
r
k
S
t
a
r
t
T
i
m
e
Co
m
m
u
t
e
r
s
w
i
t
h
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
s
a
r
e
l
e
s
s
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
.
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
Wa
l
k
/
B
i
k
e
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
Wo
r
k
e
d
R
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
/
O
t
h
e
r
64
%
63
%
49
%
20
%
19
%
15
%
14
%
11
%
8%
9%
8%
7%
5%
5%
2%
St
a
r
t
a
t
a
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
t
i
m
e
(
3
3
%
)
S
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
is
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
(
5
5
%
)
S
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
v
a
r
i
e
s
(
1
1
%
)
Nu
m
b
e
r
s
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
en
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
su
b
g
r
o
u
p
.
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
w
h
a
t
mo
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
di
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
12
Mo
d
e
S
h
a
r
e
b
y
J
o
b
S
t
a
t
u
s
Pa
r
t
-
t
i
m
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
.
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
Wa
l
k
/
B
i
k
e
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
Wo
r
k
e
d
R
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
/
O
t
h
e
r
75
%
66
%
53
%
19
%
16
%
14
%
11
%
8%
7%
7%
6%
5%
5%
4%
3%
On
e
f
u
l
l
-
t
i
m
e
j
o
b
(
8
4
%
)
O
n
e
p
a
r
t
-
t
i
m
e
j
o
b
(
8
%
)
M
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
o
n
e
j
o
b
(
6
%
)
Nu
m
b
e
r
s
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
en
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
su
b
g
r
o
u
p
.
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
w
h
a
t
mo
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
di
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
13
Mo
d
e
S
h
a
r
e
b
y
B
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
T
y
p
e
Em
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
i
n
R
e
t
a
i
l
,
R
e
s
t
a
u
r
a
n
t
,
a
n
d
H
o
s
p
i
t
a
li
t
y
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
e
s
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
.
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
Wa
l
k
/
B
i
k
e
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
Wo
r
k
e
d
R
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
/
O
t
h
e
r
78
%
72
%
73
%
67
%
59
%
33
%
31
%
26
%
20
%
14
%
13
%
10
%
9%
10
%
10
%
10
%
7%
7%
7%
8%
7%
6%
6%
5%
4%
3%
2%
2%
1%
1%
Re
t
a
i
l
(
7
%
)
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
(
9
%
)
T
e
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
(
3
9
%
)
R
e
s
t
a
u
ra
n
t
(
1
2
%
)
H
o
s
p
i
t
a
l
i
t
y
(
1
6%
)
L
i
g
h
t
O
f
f
i
c
e
(
1
1
%
)
Nu
m
b
e
r
s
i
n
p
a
r
e
n
t
h
e
s
e
s
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
t
h
e
p
e
r
c
en
t
a
g
e
o
f
t
h
e
s
a
m
p
l
e
f
o
r
e
a
c
h
r
e
s
p
e
c
t
i
v
e
su
b
g
r
o
u
p
.
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
w
h
a
t
mo
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
di
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
14
Dr
i
v
e
A
l
o
n
e
M
o
d
e
R
a
n
k
e
d
Re
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
w
h
o
l
i
v
e
i
n
t
h
e
E
a
s
t
B
a
y
,
a
r
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
d
p
a
r
t
t
i
m
e
,
a
n
d
w
o
r
k
a
t
a
s
m
a
l
l
co
m
p
a
n
y
a
n
d
r
e
t
a
i
l
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
.
73
%
72
%
70
%
67
%
66
%
66
%
65
%
64
%
63
%
63
%
61
%
59
%
55
%
53
%
51
%
50
%
49
%
41
%
41
%
33
%
18
%
Re
t
a
i
l
Ea
s
t
B
a
y
On
e
p
a
r
t
-
t
i
m
e
j
o
b
1-
2
5
e
m
p
.
Ho
s
p
i
t
a
l
i
t
y
Re
s
t
a
u
r
a
n
t
Ag
e
5
0
+
Li
g
h
t
o
f
f
i
c
e
Pa
r
e
n
t
Mo
r
e
t
h
a
n
o
n
e
j
o
b
So
u
t
h
B
a
y
St
a
r
t
a
t
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
t
i
m
e
Sc
h
e
d
u
l
e
v
a
r
i
e
s
Pe
n
i
n
s
u
l
a
26
-
1
0
0
e
m
p
.
Go
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
Ov
e
r
a
l
l
On
e
f
u
l
l
-
t
i
m
e
j
o
b
A
g
e
1
8
-
4
9
No
n
P
a
r
e
n
t
Sc
h
e
d
u
l
e
i
s
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
10
1
+
e
m
p
.
Pa
l
o
A
l
t
o
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Sa
n
F
r
a
n
c
i
s
c
o
78
%
76
%
75
%
74
%
Pe
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
S
O
V
tr
i
p
s
b
y
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
de
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
s
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
15
Q1
.
T
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
b
a
c
k
t
o
l
a
s
t
w
e
e
k
,
w
h
a
t
mo
d
e
o
f
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
di
d
y
o
u
u
s
e
t
o
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
T
O
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
?
Tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
At
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
Dr
i
v
i
n
g
A
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
Tw
o
-
t
h
i
r
d
s
(
6
7
%
)
o
f
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
s
a
y
t
h
e
y
p
r
e
f
e
r
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
a
n
d
p
l
a
n
o
n
co
n
t
i
n
u
i
n
g
t
o
d
o
s
o
.
Am
o
n
g
S
O
V
D
r
i
v
e
r
s
,
7
7
2
n
St
r
o
n
g
l
y
So
m
e
w
h
a
t
To
t
a
l
ag
r
e
e
a
g
r
e
e
Ag
r
e
e
I
p
r
e
f
e
r
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
a
n
d
p
l
a
n
o
n
co
n
t
i
n
u
i
n
g
t
o
d
o
s
o
.
I
n
e
e
d
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
I
m
a
k
e
o
t
h
e
r
st
o
p
s
,
s
u
c
h
a
s
f
o
r
s
c
h
o
o
l
,
k
i
d
s
,
o
r
o
t
h
e
r
er
r
a
n
d
s
,
b
e
f
o
r
e
o
r
a
f
t
e
r
w
o
r
k
.
I
w
o
u
l
d
r
a
t
h
e
r
n
o
t
d
r
i
v
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
,
b
u
t
I
h
a
v
e
n
o
ot
h
e
r
g
o
o
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
.
I
n
e
e
d
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
b
e
c
a
u
s
e
I
u
s
e
m
y
c
a
r
fo
r
m
e
e
t
i
n
g
s
,
d
e
l
i
v
e
r
i
e
s
,
o
r
o
t
h
e
r
w
o
r
k
-
r
e
l
a
t
e
d
ta
s
k
s
.
I
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
a
c
a
r
p
o
o
l
o
r
v
a
n
p
o
o
l
t
o
w
o
r
k
i
f
i
t
wa
s
c
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
t
,
s
a
f
e
,
a
n
d
e
a
s
y
t
o
f
i
n
d
.
42
%
35
%
27
%
23
%
13
%
24
%
25
%
23
%
20
%
22
%
67
%
60
%
50
%
44
%
35
%
Q1
0
-
Q
2
0
.
P
l
e
a
s
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
y
o
u
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
e
e
,
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
a
g
r
e
e
,
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
di
s
a
g
r
e
e
,
o
r
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
d
i
s
a
g
r
e
e
w
i
t
h
e
a
ch
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
17
Tr
a
n
s
i
t
A
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
Sc
h
e
d
u
l
e
,
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
c
y
,
a
n
d
c
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
c
e
a
p
p
e
a
r
t
o
be
s
l
i
g
h
t
l
y
l
a
r
g
e
r
o
b
s
t
a
c
l
e
s
t
o
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
i
n
g
tr
a
n
s
i
t
r
i
d
e
r
s
h
i
p
t
h
a
n
c
o
s
t
.
Am
o
n
g
S
O
V
D
r
i
v
e
r
s
,
7
7
2
n
St
r
o
n
g
l
y
So
m
e
w
h
a
t
To
t
a
l
ag
r
e
e
a
g
r
e
e
Ag
r
e
e
I
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
t
o
w
o
r
k
i
f
t
h
e
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
wa
s
f
a
s
t
e
r
o
r
m
o
r
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
.
I
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
t
o
w
o
r
k
i
f
t
h
e
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
wa
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
a
n
d
i
t
r
a
n
w
h
e
n
I
n
e
e
d
e
d
i
t
.
I
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
t
o
w
o
r
k
i
f
i
t
w
a
s
e
a
s
i
e
r
to
g
e
t
t
o
a
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
s
t
o
p
.
I
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
t
o
w
o
r
k
i
f
i
t
w
a
s
l
e
s
s
ex
p
e
n
s
i
v
e
o
r
I
w
a
s
g
i
v
e
n
a
d
i
s
c
o
u
n
t
e
d
tr
a
n
s
i
t
p
a
s
s
.
47
%
46
%
26
%
25
%
24
%
22
%
21
%
20
%
19
%
16
%
43
%
38
%
Q1
0
-
Q
2
0
.
P
l
e
a
s
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
y
o
u
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
e
e
,
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
a
g
r
e
e
,
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
di
s
a
g
r
e
e
,
o
r
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
d
i
s
a
g
r
e
e
w
i
t
h
e
a
ch
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
18
Ag
r
e
e
:
W
o
u
l
d
R
a
t
h
e
r
N
o
t
D
r
i
v
e
Dr
i
v
e
r
s
w
h
o
f
e
e
l
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
n
o
o
t
h
e
r
g
o
o
d
o
p
t
i
on
s
b
e
l
i
e
v
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
w
i
l
l
n
o
t
f
i
t
t
h
e
i
r
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
or
i
s
n
o
t
c
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
t
f
o
r
t
h
e
m
.
Am
o
n
g
t
h
e
5
0
%
o
f
S
O
V
D
r
i
v
e
r
s
w
h
o
w
o
u
l
d
p
r
e
f
e
r
n
o
t
t
o
dr
i
v
e
b
u
t
f
e
e
l
t
h
e
y
h
a
v
e
n
o
o
t
h
e
r
g
o
o
d
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
.
Ag
r
e
e
I
wo
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
f
s
e
r
v
i
c
e
w
a
s
f
a
s
t
e
r
/
m
o
r
e
f
r
e
q
u
e
n
t
63
%
I
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
if
t
h
e
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
w
a
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
/
i
t
r
a
n
w
h
e
n
I
n
e
e
d
i
t
61
%
I
wo
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
f
i
t
w
a
s
e
a
s
i
e
r
t
o
g
e
t
t
o
a
s
t
o
p
59
%
I
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
i
f
i
t
w
a
s
l
e
s
s
ex
p
e
n
s
i
v
e
o
r
I
r
e
c
e
i
v
e
d
a
d
i
s
c
o
u
n
t
e
d
p
a
s
s
47
%
Q1
0
-
Q
2
0
.
P
l
e
a
s
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
y
o
u
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
e
e
,
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
a
g
r
e
e
,
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
di
s
a
g
r
e
e
,
o
r
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
d
i
s
a
g
r
e
e
w
i
t
h
e
a
ch
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
19
Re
a
s
o
n
s
f
o
r
N
O
T
T
a
k
i
n
g
T
r
a
n
s
i
t
Ne
e
d
o
f
a
c
a
r
,
p
e
r
s
o
n
a
l
p
r
e
f
e
r
e
n
c
e
,
a
n
d
l
a
ck
o
f
c
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
c
e
a
r
e
t
h
e
p
r
i
m
a
r
y
r
e
a
s
o
n
s
dr
i
v
e
r
s
d
o
n
o
t
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
m
o
r
e
o
f
t
e
n
.
Am
o
n
g
S
O
V
D
r
i
v
e
r
s
,
7
7
2
n
Ne
e
d
c
a
r
f
o
r
e
r
r
a
n
d
s
/
m
e
e
t
i
n
g
s
I
p
r
e
f
e
r
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
Sc
h
e
d
u
l
e
i
s
n
o
t
c
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
t
Ro
u
t
e
s
n
o
t
w
h
e
r
e
n
e
e
d
e
d
St
o
p
s
n
o
t
c
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
t
Ta
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
a
s
n
e
e
d
e
d
To
o
e
x
p
e
n
s
i
v
e
Un
r
e
l
i
a
b
l
e
It
w
o
u
l
d
t
a
k
e
l
o
n
g
e
r
Ot
h
e
r
/
D
o
n
'
t
k
n
o
w
21
%
17
%
16
%
12
%
12
%
5%
5%
4%
2%
6%
21
.
W
h
a
t
i
s
t
h
e
m
a
i
n
r
e
a
s
o
n
y
o
u
do
n
o
t
t
a
k
e
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
m
o
r
e
o
f
t
e
n
?
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
20
Bi
k
i
n
g
a
n
d
W
a
l
k
i
n
g
A
t
t
i
t
u
d
e
s
Be
t
t
e
r
r
o
u
t
e
s
a
n
d
b
e
t
t
e
r
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
/
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
op
t
i
o
n
s
a
p
p
e
a
r
t
o
b
e
a
f
a
c
t
o
r
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
co
m
m
u
t
e
r
s
w
h
o
p
o
t
e
n
t
i
a
l
l
y
l
i
v
e
c
l
o
s
e
en
o
u
g
h
t
o
w
a
l
k
o
r
b
i
k
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
.
%’
s
r
e
f
l
e
c
t
t
h
e
t
o
t
a
l
a
m
o
u
n
t
o
f
t
r
i
p
s
t
a
k
e
n
du
r
i
n
g
t
h
e
we
e
k
a
m
o
n
g
t
h
o
s
e
w
h
o
l
i
v
e
w
i
t
h
i
n
a
3
m
i
l
e
r
a
d
i
u
s
Dr
o
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
43
%
Wa
l
k
e
d
26
%
Ro
d
e
a
b
i
c
y
c
l
e
19
%
Ca
r
p
o
o
l
e
d
5%
Wo
r
k
e
d
r
e
m
o
t
e
l
y
3%
Ot
h
e
r
3%
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
1%
Am
o
n
g
r
e
s
p
o
n
d
e
n
t
s
w
h
o
l
i
v
e
w
i
t
h
i
n
a
3
mi
l
e
r
a
d
i
u
s
o
f
D
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
,
3
2
6
n
St
r
o
n
g
l
y
So
m
e
w
h
a
t
To
t
a
l
ag
r
e
e
a
g
r
e
e
Ag
r
e
e
I
w
o
u
l
d
w
a
l
k
o
r
b
i
k
e
t
o
wo
r
k
i
f
t
h
e
r
e
w
e
r
e
b
e
t
t
e
r
23
%
17
%
40
%
pa
t
h
s
,
t
r
a
i
l
s
,
a
n
d
si
d
e
w
a
l
k
s
.
I
w
o
u
l
d
b
i
k
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
i
f
th
e
r
e
w
a
s
b
e
t
t
e
r
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
16
%
16
%
32
%
or
s
t
o
r
a
g
e
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
f
o
r
m
y
bi
k
e
a
t
m
y
w
o
r
k
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
.
Q1
0
-
Q
2
0
.
P
l
e
a
s
e
i
n
d
i
c
a
t
e
w
h
e
t
h
e
r
y
o
u
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
e
e
,
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
a
g
r
e
e
,
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
di
s
a
g
r
e
e
,
o
r
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
d
i
s
a
g
r
e
e
w
i
t
h
e
a
ch
o
f
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
t
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
s
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
21
Pa
r
k
i
n
g
Pa
r
k
i
n
g
Mo
r
e
t
h
a
n
h
a
l
f
o
f
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
r
s
p
a
r
k
i
n
pu
b
l
i
c
o
r
p
r
i
v
a
t
e
g
a
r
a
g
e
s
o
r
l
o
t
s
;
fi
f
t
e
e
n
p
e
r
c
e
n
t
p
a
r
k
on
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
s
t
r
e
e
t
s
.
30
%
21
%
15
%
4%
3%
2%
24
%
Pu
b
l
i
c
g
a
r
a
g
e
Pr
i
v
a
t
e
/
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
Ne
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
It
v
a
r
i
e
s
I
n
a
2
-
o
r
3
-
h
o
u
r
Ca
l
t
r
a
i
n
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
l
o
t
O
t
h
e
r
/
D
K
/
or
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
l
o
t
ga
r
a
g
e
o
r
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
st
r
e
e
t
s
on
-
s
t
r
e
e
t
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
Do
n
’
t
d
r
i
v
e
lo
t
zo
n
e
Wh
e
r
e
d
o
y
o
u
t
y
p
i
c
a
l
l
y
p
a
r
k
w
h
e
n
y
o
u
d
r
i
v
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
?
4.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
23
Pa
r
k
i
n
g
b
y
W
o
r
k
s
i
t
e
S
i
z
e
Co
m
m
u
t
e
r
s
w
h
o
p
a
r
k
o
n
n
e
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
s
t
r
ee
t
s
a
r
e
m
o
s
t
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
a
me
d
i
u
m
-
s
i
z
e
d
b
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
.
Bu
s
i
n
e
s
s
S
i
z
e
b
y
N
u
mb
e
r
o
f
E
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
1-
2
5
26
-
1
0
0
10
1
+
63
%
26
%
46
%
12
%
34
%
7%
41
%
47
%
25
%
Pu
b
l
i
c
g
a
r
a
g
e
o
r
Pr
i
v
a
t
e
/
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
Ne
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
pa
r
k
i
n
g
l
o
t
ga
r
a
g
e
o
r
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
l
o
t
st
r
e
e
t
s
(3
0
%
)
(2
1
%
)
(1
5
%
)
Wh
e
r
e
d
o
y
o
u
t
y
p
i
c
a
l
l
y
p
a
r
k
w
h
e
n
y
o
u
d
r
i
v
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
?
4.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
24
Pa
r
k
i
n
g
b
y
B
u
s
i
n
e
s
s
T
y
p
e
Co
m
m
u
t
e
r
s
w
h
o
u
s
e
p
u
b
l
i
c
g
a
r
a
g
e
s
a
n
d
l
o
t
s
a
r
e
mo
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
b
e
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
w
o
r
k
e
r
s
.
Re
t
a
i
l
Go
v
'
t
Te
c
h
Re
s
t
a
u
r
a
n
t
Ho
s
p
i
t
a
l
i
t
y
Li
g
h
t
O
f
f
i
c
e
55
%
28
%
10
%
31
%
29
%
2%
22
%
19
%
12
%
17
%
33
%
18
%
36
%
5%
28
%
35
%
37
%
8%
Pu
b
l
i
c
g
a
r
a
g
e
o
r
Pr
i
v
a
t
e
/
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
Ne
i
g
h
b
o
r
h
o
o
d
pa
r
k
i
n
g
l
o
t
ga
r
a
g
e
o
r
p
a
r
k
i
n
g
l
o
t
st
r
e
e
t
s
(3
0
%
)
(2
1
%
)
(1
5
%
)
Wh
e
r
e
d
o
y
o
u
t
y
p
i
c
a
l
l
y
p
a
r
k
w
h
e
n
y
o
u
d
r
i
v
e
t
o
w
o
r
k
?
4.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
25
Co
m
m
u
t
e
r
Se
g
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
s
Dr
i
v
e
r
S
e
g
m
e
n
t
a
t
i
o
n
Ab
o
u
t
h
a
l
f
(
4
9
%
)
o
f
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
a
r
e
o
p
e
n
t
o
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
s
t
o
d
r
i
v
i
n
g
.
Am
o
n
g
S
O
V
D
r
i
v
e
r
s
,
7
7
2
n
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
n
d
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
n
d
a
r
e
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
b
u
t
El
s
e
al
w
a
y
s
w
i
l
l
op
e
n
t
o
o
t
h
e
r
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
w
o
u
l
d
p
r
e
f
e
r
n
o
t
t
o
49
%
42
%
24
%
25
%
9%
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
n
d
a
l
w
a
y
s
w
i
l
l
:
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
t
l
e
a
s
t
o
n
c
e
a
w
e
e
k
a
n
d
s
t
r
o
n
g
l
y
a
g
r
e
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
y
pr
e
f
e
r
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
a
n
d
p
l
a
n
o
n
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
i
n
g
t
o
d
o
s
o
.
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
n
d
a
r
e
o
p
e
n
t
o
o
t
h
e
r
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
:
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
t
l
e
a
s
t
o
n
c
e
a
w
e
e
k
a
n
d
s
o
m
e
w
h
a
t
ag
r
e
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
y
p
r
e
f
e
r
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
a
n
d
p
l
a
n
o
n
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
i
n
g
t
o
d
o
s
o
.
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
b
u
t
w
o
u
l
d
p
r
e
f
e
r
n
o
t
t
o
:
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
t
l
e
a
s
t
o
n
c
e
a
w
e
e
k
a
n
d
d
i
s
a
g
r
e
e
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
y
pr
e
f
e
r
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
a
n
d
p
l
a
n
o
n
c
o
n
t
i
n
u
i
n
g
t
o
d
o
s
o
.
El
s
e
:
Dr
i
v
e
a
l
o
n
e
a
t
l
e
a
s
t
o
n
c
e
a
w
e
e
k
a
n
d
d
i
d
n
o
t
a
n
s
w
e
r
t
h
a
t
t
h
e
y
pr
e
f
e
r
t
o
d
r
i
v
e
a
n
d
p
l
a
n
o
n
co
n
t
i
n
u
i
n
g
t
o
d
o
s
o
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
27
De
m
o
g
r
a
p
h
i
c
s
T
h
a
t
A
r
e
M
o
s
t
L
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
C
h
a
n
g
e
H
a
b
i
t
s
Dr
i
v
e
r
s
i
n
S
a
n
F
r
a
n
c
i
s
c
o
,
w
h
o
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
a
l
a
rg
e
o
r
T
e
c
h
c
o
m
p
a
n
y
,
h
a
v
e
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
w
o
r
k
sc
h
e
d
u
l
e
s
a
n
d
a
r
e
y
o
u
n
g
e
r
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
l
i
k
e
l
y
to
c
o
n
s
i
d
e
r
o
t
h
e
r
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
.
72
%
66
%
62
%
60
%
57
%
53
%
53
%
52
%
52
%
51
%
51
%
51
%
50
%
49
%
49
%
48
%
48
%
47
%
44
%
44
%
43
%
43
%
41
%
41
%
41
%
35
%
32
%
31
%
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
Sa
n
F
r
a
n
c
i
s
c
o
10
1
+
e
m
p
.
Go
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
Wo
r
k
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
i
s
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
Li
g
h
t
o
f
f
i
c
e
Ag
e
1
8
-
4
9
Pe
a
k
h
o
u
r
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
r
So
u
t
h
B
a
y
Fu
l
l
t
i
m
e
w
o
r
k
e
r
Co
m
m
u
t
e
1
0
t
o
5
0
m
i
l
e
s
No
n
-
P
a
r
e
n
t
Pa
l
o
A
l
t
o
Co
m
m
u
t
e
5
0
+
m
i
l
e
s
Ov
e
r
a
l
l
Ea
s
t
B
a
y
Co
m
m
u
t
e
1
-
1
0
m
i
l
e
s
Pa
r
e
n
t
Re
t
a
i
l
26
-
1
0
0
e
m
p
.
No
n
p
e
a
k
h
o
u
r
c
o
m
m
u
t
e
r
Pa
r
t
t
i
m
e
w
o
r
k
e
r
Pe
n
i
n
s
u
l
a
St
a
r
t
w
o
r
k
a
t
a
s
p
e
c
i
f
i
c
t
i
m
e
1-
2
5
e
m
p
.
Ho
s
p
i
t
a
l
i
t
y
Ag
e
5
0
+
Re
s
t
a
u
r
a
n
t
%
o
f
S
O
V
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
w
h
o
wo
u
l
d
p
r
e
f
e
r
n
o
t
t
o
dr
i
v
e
,
b
y
d
e
m
o
s
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
28
Ov
e
r
a
l
l
E
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
Th
e
m
a
p
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
pe
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
d
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
em
p
l
o
y
e
e
s
b
y
h
o
m
e
z
i
p
c
o
d
e
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
29
Te
c
h
n
o
l
o
g
y
W
o
r
k
e
r
C
o
m
m
u
t
e
r
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
Th
e
m
a
p
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
pe
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
T
a
r
g
e
t
D
r
i
v
e
r
s
wh
o
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
t
e
c
h
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
e
s
,
by
h
o
m
e
z
i
p
c
o
d
e
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
36
Go
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
W
o
r
k
e
r
s
C
o
m
m
u
t
e
r
L
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
Th
e
m
a
p
r
e
p
r
e
s
e
n
t
s
t
h
e
pe
r
c
e
n
t
a
g
e
o
f
T
a
r
g
e
t
D
r
i
v
e
r
s
wh
o
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
t
h
e
G
o
v
e
r
n
m
e
n
t
,
by
h
o
m
e
z
i
p
c
o
d
e
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
37
Co
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
Co
n
c
l
u
s
i
o
n
s
`
Cu
r
r
e
n
t
l
y
j
u
s
t
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
h
a
l
f
(
5
5
%
)
o
f
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
e
t
r
i
p
s
in
t
o
D
o
w
n
t
o
w
n
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
a
r
e
S
O
V
t
r
i
p
s
.
–
Ne
a
r
l
y
h
a
l
f
(
4
9
%
)
o
f
t
h
e
s
e
S
O
V
d
r
i
v
e
r
s
e
x
p
r
e
s
s
e
d
a
n
in
t
e
r
e
s
t
i
n
s
e
e
k
i
n
g
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
t
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
.
–
Th
o
s
e
m
o
s
t
l
i
k
e
l
y
t
o
s
e
e
k
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
o
p
t
i
o
n
s
a
r
e
m
o
r
e
li
k
e
l
y
t
o
w
o
r
k
f
o
r
t
e
c
h
c
o
m
p
a
n
i
e
s
a
n
d
/
o
r
l
a
r
g
e
e
m
p
l
o
y
e
r
s
,
be
y
o
u
n
g
e
r
,
l
i
v
e
m
o
r
e
t
h
a
n
1
0
m
i
l
e
s
f
r
o
m
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
,
a
n
d
ha
v
e
a
f
l
e
x
i
b
l
e
w
o
r
k
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
.
–
Th
e
y
h
a
v
e
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
s
a
b
o
u
t
t
r
a
n
s
i
t
a
s
a
n
a
l
t
e
r
n
a
t
i
v
e
,
w
i
t
h
pr
i
m
a
r
y
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
s
b
e
i
n
g
a
r
e
a
l
o
r
p
e
r
c
e
i
v
e
d
l
a
c
k
o
f
co
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
c
e
f
o
r
r
o
u
t
e
s
,
s
c
h
e
d
u
l
e
s
,
a
n
d
l
o
c
a
t
i
o
n
s
o
f
s
t
o
p
s
.
Co
s
t
i
s
a
l
s
o
a
c
o
n
c
e
r
n
f
o
r
s
o
m
e
.
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
39
Co
n
t
a
c
t
I
n
f
o
r
m
a
t
i
o
n
To
m
P
a
t
r
a
s
to
m
@
e
m
c
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
c
o
m
61
4
.
8
2
7
.
9
6
7
7
Sa
r
a
L
a
B
a
t
t
sa
r
a
@
e
m
c
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
c
o
m
51
0
.
5
5
0
.
8
9
2
4
Do
u
g
M
a
c
D
o
w
e
l
l
do
u
g
@
e
m
c
r
e
s
e
a
r
c
h
.
c
o
m
61
4
.
8
2
7
.
9
6
7
3
15
-
5
5
9
1
P
a
l
o
A
l
t
o
T
M
A
|
40
Attachment B -
Draft Business Plan
PALO ALTO TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
MAY, 2016
Attachment C
Draft Business Plan
Pg. 1
Executive Summary
(to come)
Mission & Purpose
(to come)
Market Analysis
The City’s new Business Registry and data from the TMA’s 2016 Downtown Employee Commute Survey
confirm that the population of Downtown employees is approximately 10,000. The 2015 single
occupant vehicle (SOV) trip rate is 55% (5,500 employees drive alone to work). Of these, the 2015
commute survey revealed that 49% of these drive-alone employees are willing to try an alternative. The
TMA’s initial target markets and initial programs are informed by these facts and the following data
points:
Data Points Relevance to TMA Programs
Industry Research Restricting and pricing
parking can result in up to
28% reductions in driving
Transit subsidies result in 5%
to 20% reductions
Shuttles result in 7% to 22%
reductions
Information and marketing
result in 4% reductions
Palo Alto is well served by
Caltrain for traditional
commuters; other carpool and
first/last mile programs
(including the shuttle system),
plus supportive parking
management will maximize the
investment in and effectiveness
of each strategy.
2015 Employee Survey Identified target markets:
workers along the Caltrain
corridor; within Palo Alto; and
in specific zip codes where
transit and other modes already
do or can work well.
Almost 50% of drive-alones are
willing to try an alternative. Our
job is to give them options that
work and provide incentives
that encourage long-term
behavior change.
Business Registry 854 listings for Downtown:
88 eating and lodging
81 retail
392 office
91 service/communications
758 have 0-25 employees
76 have 26-100 employees
16 have 101-to 500
employees
2 have 501+ employees
Only a handful of employers,
including the City, are large
enough to be able to offer
robust TDM programs on their
own; nearly two-thirds of
downtown workers and their
employers need assistance.
Ancillary programs (i.e.,
first/last mile solutions) can
help larger companies increase
effectiveness of existing
programs such as GoPass.
Draft Business Plan
Pg. 2
Residential Parking Permit Data The number of workers who
live in specific zip codes within
East Palo Alto, Redwood City,
Mountain View, San Jose, San
Mateo, Santa Clara and
Sunnyvale
2015 Commute Survey
identified these zip codes as
having good transit and other
alternative mode utilization
and/or potential
Strategic Opportunities and Challenges
Opportunities
There is a growing interest and desire to use alternatives by employees to use other
transportation modes as well as interest by employers as transportation becomes an important
employee recruitment and retention tool
Policy changes will make transit, biking, walking, and carpooling more attractive and affordable
than driving and parking
The planned reduction in Residential Parking Permits for employee use will increase demand for
alternatives
Paid parking and increased monthly parking fees can support the TMA’s efforts
It is becoming increasingly faster and easier to use sustainable transportation modes to
commute to work
Downtown Palo Alto has very good transit service options (Caltrain, VTA, SamTrans) for many
workers
New technologies and ‘first mile’ services will make core transit more accessible for more
employees
Challenges
Fare inequalities can make using transit far more expensive than driving and parking
First mile problems – getting to transit and parking availability at transit can be a barrier
Free or inexpensive parking near work still makes driving more attractive
High turnover in retail, food service, other businesses will require consistent and ongoing
marketing and information. Language may also be a barrier among some workers.
Understanding options is difficult – there is no single, ‘easy’ resource available to employees or
employers
Current Objectives
The City has established a goal of reducing SOV commutes by 30% over the next several years. The
TMA’s work plan is designed to move the needle towards this goal while building a strong organizational
foundation for long-term sustainability and results-oriented programs.
We are starting with a benchmark of some 5,500 downtown employees who current drive alone to get
to and from work. A 30% reduction would change the commute patterns of some 1,650 employees.
TMA Board has identified five key areas of focus for the next 24 months. These align with the TMA’s
Mission, Values and goals, as well as to helping the City meet its SOV reduction and other environmental
goals. The key areas are:
Draft Business Plan
Pg. 3
1. Program Development
2. Partnership
3. Advocacy
4. Information & Outreach
5. Sustainable Budget
These objectives are important individually and collectively, as part of how the TMA will influence and
directly enable aggressive reductions in SOV commute patterns.
The TMA has further quantified behavior changes by setting specific mode shift goals:
Number of Commuters Mode Shift To
1,000 Transit (Caltrain, VTA, Samtrans, Dumbarton Exp)
300 Carpooling and other first/last mile shared ride services
100-150 City, Stanford, other shuttle systems
100-150 94303 and other low income zip codes with peak/non-peak schedules
50 Other (Walk, Bike, Telecommute)
The ability to reach these aggressive goals depends on wide variety of factors, many some of which are
beyond the TMA’s control. They include:
The overall state of the economy, downtown business climate and ‘mix’ of businesses
The evolution of ‘personal mobility’ options and technology
The integration of modes and ease of use by commuters (i.e., coordinated transfers)
The availability and capacity of alternative modes (i.e., Caltrain at capacity)
The cost of using alternative modes
The availability of funds to support TMA activities and programs, including the level of short-
term investment for incentivizing and then sustaining behavior change
Parking management policy: availability and pricing of downtown parking facilities
Draft Business Plan
Pg. 4
Summary of Objectives
Objective: Programs and Services.
Provide access to, subsidies, and other incentives to use public transit, ridesharing, and non-
vehicular modes (walking and biking) for downtown employees who currently drive alone.
Highest Priority: Provide Caltrain and VTA passes for employees who work for companies not
eligible for transit bulk pass programs, who live in targeted areas where transit availability is good,
and for whom the cost of taking transit far exceeds the cost of driving and parking.
Secondary: Employees for whom taking public transit is not a viable option but carpooling or other
programs are a viable alternative.
How success will be measured:
End Achievement: Reduction in SOV rate and an increase in use of public transit, carpooling and
other first/last mile solutions.
Until policy and pricing changes are implemented that make taking transit affordable for workers at
small companies, other incentives are needed to make transit competitive with the cost of driving and
parking. The TMA’s advocacy objective addresses policy.
Action:
Transit Subsidy
Goal: 700-1,000 employees
Target: Employees in areas where access to and availability of
frequent transit is good; where travel times and the cost of
driving is competitive with transit.
These employees will be given a full transit subsidy for an
introductory period; a lesser subsidy for continued transit use
and not buying parking permits after a specified period of time.
Ultimately, the cost of an annual or monthly pass will eliminate
the need for TMA-sponsored subsidies for all but ‘new’ users
(i.e., new employees).
This program reduces SOV trips, congestion, VMT, and demand
for parking.
Action:
Carpool Subsidies
Goal: 300-600 employees
Target: Employees for whom taking transit is not an option who
live within a 40-mile radius of downtown.
Subsidize carpool rides taken to and from downtown during
peak commute hours to incentivize both drivers and riders.
Subsidies may gradually be reduced as flat rates are established
by carpool vendors.
This program reduces SOV trips, congestion, VMT and demand
for parking.
Action:
94303 and Other Low Income
Zipcodes
Goal: 100-150 employees
Target: Employees who work a combination of peak and ‘non-
peak’ hours in the hospitality industry who live in targeted zip
codes lacking transit availability and other alternatives. These
employees often speak Spanish and other languages; they may
be able to use transit in one direction, but not in both.
Work with IDEO to further research barriers and needs; work
with rideshare vendors to develop a pilot (i.e., specialized hours
carpooling/GRH) as well as the City’s shuttle network regarding
hours and routes. Ultimately, the cost and availability of these
Draft Business Plan
Pg. 5
services will make using alternatives affordable and viable for
this market niche.
This program will reduce SOV trips, VMT, congestion and parking
demand.
Action:
Other First/Last Mile Solutions
(targeted zip codes)
Goal: 100 employees
Target: Employees working for companies who do provide
GoPass or VTA but for whom getting to (and lack of parking at) a
Caltrain or VTA station is a barrier.
Work with Lyft and other rideshare and TNC vendors to develop
a first/last mile subsidy to and from targeted Caltrain/VTA
stations.
Ultimately, as density builds (and expands beyond Palo Alto
employees), rideshare services will provide ‘Lyft Line’ type flat
pricing that will be self-sustainable for these users.
This program will reduce SOV trips, congestion and parking
demand. It will also increase the ROI on the GoPass investment
for employers, making this program more sustainable.
Action:
City Shuttles
Goal: 100-150 employees
Target: Employees who live and work in Palo Alto who live along
an existing or potential shuttle route. Also employees who live in
Palo Alto who are outbound via Caltrain.
Work with the City in evaluating and reconfiguring the shuttle
network to be more effective in addressing commute needs for
Palo Alto residents working in downtown or using Caltrain.
Routes, hours of operation, frequency of service and travel times
to and from downtown and other hubs will be reviewed.
Ultimately, this program will help increase ridership and increase
the ROI the City already makes in the shuttle system, decreasing
per-mile and per-passenger costs and serving a wider market.
This program will reduce SOV trips, congestion, and parking
demand.
Draft Business Plan
Pg. 6
Objective: Advocacy
The TMA will focus on two major policy areas which are inextricably linked to the effectiveness and
cost of TDM measures:
1. Collaborate with Caltrain and VTA to create a new pricing policy and structure which allows
smaller employers to participate in a discount transit pass program
2. Right pricing and sizing of parking for Downtown employees
Both of these will require building consensus and coalitions of support; as well as developing ‘win-
win’ solutions for all stakeholders, and are anticipated to take 1 to 3 or more years.
Highest Priority: Working with the community to build support for the creation of a new pricing
structure for small employers and using data from the TMA’s initial subsidy programs to inform
policy.
Working with the City’s Downtown Parking Management Study and participate in the
Downtown Parking Committee, to develop parking management policies and new revenue streams.
Secondary: Advocate to preserve and build existing services such as VTA Route 35; AC Transit
Dumbarton Express and support other local, regional and national policies and measures which
align with the TMA’s purpose and goals.
How success will be measured:
The adoption of a new fare structure/policy at Caltrain and VTA that creates parity and availability on
a per-cost-per-pass basis for small employers with existing large employer bulk pass programs.
Parking pricing, siting and availability in downtown Palo Alto which supports TDM measures, avoids
the need to build new parking facilities, and ensures parking availability for shoppers and other
visitors while minimizing the impacts of commuter parking on nearby residential streets.
Availability, affordability, levels of service and the number of transportation mode options for
downtown employees and residents; and programs and policies that support TDM downtown and
beyond.
Action:
Advocate for a new fare
policy/structure at Caltrain
Process: Build a coalition of support (locally and regionally) for
Caltrain to provide a new fare policy/structure that enables small
employers to purchase discount annual or monthly passes either
directly and/or through authorized ‘resellers’ such as TMA’s.
Meet with Caltrain staff and elected officials to develop such
policy recommendations; publicize and build public support for
efforts.
Ultimately, passage of a new fare structure will enable
thousands of ‘new’ riders to utilize the Caltrain and VTA systems.
‘Fare parity’ for those working for small employers and in low
wage positions, also addresses an important social equity issue.
The end result will be the cost for the TMA to subsidize passes
will be greatly reduced long term.
Action: Process: Work with the City to explore the right mix of pricing,
availability, location, structure and other components of an
effective employee parking program. The TMA will participate
Draft Business Plan
Pg. 7
Advocate for ‘right pricing’ and
‘right sizing’ of parking for
downtown employees
on two City-sponsored committees: the Downtown Parking
Management Parking Study (ad hoc) and Downtown Parking
Committee (permanent). It will also work with the Chamber, BID
and other organizations, inform through the TMA’s website and
other communications means to get feedback and build support
for new policies and programs which holistically address parking
issues.
Ultimately, parking is priced to discourage SOV commute trips
yet provides for ‘occasional’ needs; demand for Residential
Parking Permits by employees is reduced (and therefore the use
of residential streets) and employee parking is accommodated in
existing downtown parking facilities (both public and private).
Paid, on-street parking is available for shoppers and visitors.
A holistic parking management approach may also provide a
source of ongoing and stable funding for the TMA.
Action:
Measure and Monitor Parking
Process: Work with VIMOC to implement a pilot program which
builds on the existing City pilot to measure parking utilization.
This program will identify utilization patterns (and availability) in
existing facilities that may be ‘repurposed’ for occasional
parking, low income permit parking, etc.
Ultimately, it is likely that more efficient utilization of existing
parking resources, coupled with providing viable alternatives to
driving alone, and pricing will eliminate the need to construct
new parking facilities.
Action:
Advocate for the preservation of
existing transit services; removing
barriers to existing services (such
as parking at Dumbarton Express
hubs); funding for and expansion
and better utilization of key
services (i.e., electrification of
Caltrain) and new pilots to test
new technologies and modes.
Advocate for TDM support policies
such as tax-deductible subsidies,
etc.
Process: Work with local and regional transit providers in
support of preserving key services; expanding services to better
suit the needs of downtown employees and residents; and foster
innovative pilots that test both new modes, technologies, and
approaches to alternatives.
This program is dynamic and will include a range of activities
from participating on planning and advisory committees at
transit agencies to ongoing education/information to the
business community and showing support (or opposition)
through letter-writing, presentations to elected officials and
other means. It will respond to short term issues (such as
potential service cutbacks and solving parking issues that impact
the use of Dumbarton Express service) as well as play a proactive
role in long term projects.
Draft Business Plan
Pg. 8
Objective: Build Strong Partnerships with the City and Downtown Employer and Residential
Communities
The community will understand how the TMA and its programs support important priorities such as
decreasing congestion, reducing parking demand on residential streets, and supporting downtown
merchants.
The community will have ample opportunities to interact with the TMA: to learn about programs
and services; provide feedback on an ongoing basis; and participate in the development of new
activities.
How success will be measured:
Downtown neighborhood and business associations, committees and stakeholders will be
knowledgeable and supportive of the TMA and its work and the TMA will receive positive press
coverage.
The TMA website will be a well-utilized resource for the community at large; the feedback
mechanisms from this and other public-facing activities will be positive.
While the primary focus will be the downtown area, the TMA will extend these efforts, as resources
allow, to other parts of the City.
Action:
Form an Advisory Group by July,
2016
Purpose: The purpose of the Advisory Group is to be engaged in
TMA discussions at Board meetings, help to reach out and
inform the local residential communities of what the TMA is
doing and achieving; provide feedback, support and advocacy.
Advisors will be a small group of five representing a variety of
downtown stakeholders: a resident who is an outbound
commuter; a resident who works downtown; one
representative each from Professorville and a North
neighborhood and one non-downtown resident who either
works downtown or is an outbound Caltrain commuter.
The TMA will publicize an application and process; Advisors will
be selected by the TMA Board from this process.
Action:
Meet with the BID, Chamber and
others on a regular basis to keep
them informed about TMA
programs and results.
Purpose: To keep the community informed about what the
TMA is doing; results of our programs; discuss new challenges
and opportunities and provide another mechanism for feedback
and participation.
The TMA will meet with the BID at least twice a year; it will
make presentations to the Chamber membership twice a year
and attend and participate in Chamber and/or community
events at least quarterly.
Action:
Participate in local events when
requested; representation on
transportation-related committees
(City and/or other)
Purpose: In keeping with the TMA’s goal of being a
transportation resource for the community, it will participate in
special events and serve on issues-related committees.
Stanford Alumni Association’s annual “Beyond the Farm” event
focused on the transportation needs of seniors in Palo Alto.
Draft Business Plan
Pg. 9
The TMA facilitated. The City has also requested the TMA’s
participation in its Downtown Parking Management Study.
Action:
Request a Council Liaison to the
TMA and Two Council Workshops
Purpose: Keeping City Council apprised of the TMA’s progress
and supportive of our efforts is key to the TMA’s success.
The TMA will request a Council liaison who can attend Board
meetings and/or meet with the TMA on a quarterly basis.
The TMA will give the Council updates twice a year, through a
“Workshop” format and attend Council meetings as they relate
to TMA programs, funding, or other matters throughout the
year.
Action:
Public Relations
Purpose: The TMA will develop a relationship with local
reporters as well as the City’s public information officer to make
sure that these two conduits are well-informed and have
accurate information.
Draft Business Plan
Pg. 10
Objective: Outreach. Provide high quality information to those who need it. TMA programs and
services are creatively branded.
Highest Priority: Downtown Employers and employees; visitors and residents
Secondary: Other downtown stakeholders; transit agencies and other transportation providers,
and the general public
How success will be measured:
Growth in the number of visits to the TMA website; time spent and number of pages visited
Requests for more information or assistance
At least x% of all downtown employers aware of the TMA and what services it provides within 2 years.
At least xx% of downtown employers with 50+ employees agree that the TMA provides valuable
information and services to them within two years
Number of employers taking action as a result of interaction with the TMA
Number of employees helped through information and trip planning assistance
Positive publicity in local papers, social media, business newsletters, etc.
Action:
Website
Purpose: Create an online resource to provide news and
information; ‘how to’s’; and calculators to easily illustrate
transportation choices and costs for employees and residents.
An employer section outlining employer programs will
complement the ‘general public’ site.
Action:
Transit Screens:
Purpose: Transportation choices and accessibility in real time
are ‘ubiquitous’ throughout Downtown and reinforce other
marketing efforts.
Placement of 2-3 transit screens in high foot traffic areas
showing real-time transit information; bike-share availability,
shuttle and other mode options will build awareness of
multiple modes and choices; special incentive programs, etc.
Action:
Outreach to Large Employers
Purpose: Encourage 16-20 ‘large’ employers to offer bulk
transit passes to their employees; pre-tax transit payroll
deductions and other programs.
Work to develop and refine other programs in response to
specific needs and interests by this market niche, which
represents those most likely to affect and support behavior
changes.
Action:
Publish a monthly e-newsletter
Purpose: Keep employers well informed about transportation
issues and TMA programs and services. Create awareness and
establish TMA as a valuable resource.
Promote specific programs (i.e., the City’s bike rack program)
both TMA and non-TMA; inform and provide opportunities for
input on issues and programs (local, regional).
Action:
Develop Print Material for
Employers
Purpose: Educate employers of all sizes what they can do;
illustrate “ROI” and motivate to participate in a range of
programs appropriate to their business.
This collateral can be sent to employers; used by TMA staff in
meetings with employers; as part of public presentations, etc.
Draft Business Plan
Pg. 11
Action:
Develop Print Material for
Employees on Current Programs
Purpose: To reach every type of employee from service to tech
worker; educate about the range and cost of various commute
options; how to get help and promote specific ‘offers’.
This piece will be updated regularly and published in at least
two languages (English/Spanish); and distributed to all
downtown employers.
Action:
Hospitality and Restaurant Worker
Outreach
Purpose: Reach service workers who commute at least in one
direction in non-peak times (i.e., arrive in PM peak but leave
late night) and who live in specific areas of density (i.e., 94303).
The size of this market warrants specific outreach and program
development.
Action:
Advertising in local newspapers
Purpose: To reach residents and others beyond the downtown
community to promote programs available to the general
public; inform, etc.
Objective: Budget. Establish a realistic two-year start-up budget. Identify stable, permanent
sources of funding for ongoing operations and incentive programs post-start up.
How success will be measured:
TMA Board adoption of a Two Year Business Plan and budget with City support by July, 2016.
TMA obtain long-term, ongoing funding agreements and other commitments within two years.
Action:
Develop Two Year Business Plan
Purpose: Provide a roadmap for TMA’s first two years of
operation with mutually agreed upon goals, strategies,
evaluation metrics, and public participation levels and funding.
This will enable the TMA to launch programs, begin to show
results, and work towards long-term, sustainable programs and
funding solutions with the City and other partners.
Action:
Research and meet with
Foundations, other potential
funders
Purpose: Gain long term financial support for key elements of
interest to the private sector: social equity; environmental
sustainability; health; economic resiliency and changing modes,
technology, and demographics.
This will enable the TMA to diversify funding streams; to
develop programs and test outcomes for specific niche
markets, and provide for long-term planning and relevance.
Action:
Pursue management agreements
Purpose: TMA’s typically market and manage programs on
behalf of cities and other public entities: shuttles, parking, and
public information are examples. This provides an ongoing and
stable level of financial support for TMA overhead and other
ongoing expenses that ensures the quality of program delivery.
Draft Business Plan
Pg. 12
Budget Planning Background and Rationale
Downtown Palo Alto is at a critical juncture. Because the cost of driving and parking is by far the most
‘affordable’ as well as convenient option for many employees, significant incentives – or ‘carrots’ – are
needed to change behavior. The vast majority of the 854 downtown employers are small and cannot
afford additional costs of doing business such as subsidizing employees’ commutes, whether by transit
or other means. The nature of retail and service businesses precludes alternatives such as
telecommuting, and hours of operation require many employees to commute in peak periods in at least
one direction.
The TMA is optimistic that longer term, we will effect a change in policy regarding discount fare
structures from transit providers such as Caltrain which will make transit affordable with little or no
subsidy from the TMA. Once we have attained the initial reductions in SOV commutes, full subsidy
programs can be limited to ‘new’ employees (and at a greatly reduced cost from today’s pricing). In the
interim, however, significant investments must be made to bring about parity, while at the same time,
realigning parking availability, location, and pricing and creating more holistic home-to-work options.
The table below illustrates the disparities in the current pricing structure for Caltrain and VTA.
Caltrain Individual
Monthly
Individual
Annual
Go Pass
Annual
Proposed Bulk
Annual
Proposed
Bulk
Monthly
Zone 1 $84.80 $1,017.60 $190.00 $600.00 $50.00
Zone 2 $137.80 $1,653.60 $190.00 $600.00 $50.00
Zone 3 $190.80 $2,289.60 $190.00 $600.00 $50.00
VTA Individual
Monthly
Individual
Annual
1-99
Employees
Annual
100-2999
Employees
Annual
3000+
Employees
Annual
Eco Pass $70.00 $770.00 $72.00 $36.00 $32.40
Eco Pass Plus $140.00 $1,680.00 $93.60 $54.00 $32.40
The TMA’s 2015 downtown employee survey revealed that a good portion of workers who drive alone
are open to using an alternative. Providing the financial incentive to use transit is a key step, but it is not
a ‘silver bullet.’ Even with free or heavily subsidized transit fares, using transit can be a complex
undertaking. The lack of parking at many Caltrain stations presents a major barrier. The lack of
coordination (poor frequency, total travel time required and cost) with other systems (i.e., taking a VTA
local bus to a Caltrain station) is another obstacle. VTA is piloting new programs that address some of
these issues that the TMA will explore as part of its transit and ‘first mile’ solutions. We will also
develop other ‘first’ mile solutions with other rideshare services to eliminate barriers and make using
alternatives more appealing.
The investment to incentivize and enable behavior shift that reaches the 30% goal in the short term is
costly in the early year(s) until changes in fare policy and our initial goals are met. It will cost between
$1 million and $1.5 million annually. At the low end, we are investing approximately $606 annually ($50
Draft Business Plan
Pg. 13
per month) per person; at the high end, $909 per person (about $75/month) to reach a goal of reducing
SOV trips by 30%. It should be noted that investment is far less expensive and solves today’s problems
much more quickly when compared with the cost to construct a new parking space – estimated at
$60,000 per space in a structured facility. Over 30 years, the annual costs of each space is approximately
$2,000 excluding financing, operations and maintenance. It already costs $462 per space to maintain
existing parking spaces. Of equal importance is that building more parking capacity is antithetical to the
City’s sustainability goals and desire to retain its small town ambience. Building satellite parking will
require more transportation services (and costs) to link parking with end-destinations. Even with
frequent connections, satellite parking adds significantly to the ‘total commute time’ for many
employees and may therefore, not be highly utilized.
Long-term, if transit pricing structures change, the need for fully subsidized transit and other modes
from the TMA will be greatly reduced, and with those reductions, the TMA can invest in expansion
and/or new modes of transportation, technology and other activities that continue to make using
alternative forms of transportation the preferred way to get around Palo Alto.
The budgets outlined on the following pages offer several scenarios which illustrate how various levels
of investment affect the ability to reach the end goal of reducing 1650 drive alone commuters.
Option 1 uses current transit pricing available to us (no discounted rates) and represents a full-
on campaign for incentivizing 100% of our targeted 1,650 employees annually.
Option 2 reaches the same 1,650 employees, using a proposed new bulk discount rate, which
saves over 50%.
Option 3 reaches half of our targeted transit employees using current transit pricing (no
discounted rates), with the same budget for subsidies as Option 2.
Option 4 also uses current transit pricing and reaches 20% of our targeted transit employees.
While the ratios of investment in various transit types may change depending on demand and other
factors, the draft budgets provide a framework from which to plan sustainable budgets and
performance expectations. They also provide a basis for evaluating a range of potential funding
strategies that can generate the necessary revenues for transportation demand management to be
successful both short term and the long term.
DRAFT
Budget Scenarios Palo Alto TMA Revised5/23/2016
Reaches 30% SOV Reduction in 3 or 5 Years (5 years is slower ramp up)A 30% reduction = 1,650 Commuters
Three Years to Reach Goal
# Empees
in Progs Cost of Subsidies
# Empees
in Progs Cost
# Empees
in Progs Cost Cost Detail: 2016 pro-rated for 6 mths
Carpooling 100 6,000$ 300 10,000$ 800 15,000$ Transit/Person/Yr @ $140/mo 1,680$
Transit 50 42,000$ 350 588,000$ 500 840,000$ $3.50/trip based on 20 days/mo
First Mile 50 40,600$ 150 243,600$ 150 243,600$ First Mile/Person/Yr 1,624$
Other (walk, bike, shuttle)0 25 200 $3.38/trip based on 20 days/mo
Total Subsidies 200 88,600$ 825 841,600$ 1650 1,098,600$ Subsidies 2,028,800$
TMA Operations Budget 31,600$ 159,000$ 199,800$ Operations 390,400$
Total TMA Expenses/ Yr 120,200$ 1,000,600$ 1,298,400$ Total 2,419,200$
Five Years to Reach Goal
# Empees
in Progs Cost of Subsidies
# Empees
in Progs Cost
# Empees
in Progs Cost
# Empees
in Progs Cost
# Empees
in Progs Cost
Carpooling 100 6,000$ 250 10,000$ 500 15,000$ 650 15,000$ 800 15,000$
Transit 50 42,000$ 100 168,000$ 200 336,000$ 250 420,000$ 350 588,000$
First Mile 50 40,600$ 75 121,800$ 100 162,400$ 125 203,000$ 350 568,400$
Other (walk, bike,shuttle)0 25 200 200 200 5 Yr Totals
Total Subsidies 200 88,600$ 450 299,800$ 1000 513,400$ 1225 638,000$ 1700 1,171,400$ 2,711,200$
TMA Operations Budget 31,600$ 159,000$ 199,800$ 210,730$ 210,491$ 811,621$
Total TMA Expenses Per Yr 120,200$ 458,800$ 713,200$ 848,730$ 1,381,891$ 3,522,821$
Key Elements and Assumptions:
1. Carpooling incentive is $1 per ride. TMA subsidizes actual costs above that.
2. Transit budget covers 100% of a 2-Zone Caltrain or Dumbarton Express monthly pass. Based on current 'retail' pricing (no discounts)
3. First Mile budget covers $3.38 per 1-way trip to or from selected Caltrain stations for GoPass holders or workers from East Palo Alto
4. Assumes shuttle service reconfiguration will serve workers from East Palo Alto and other areas of Palo Alto by 2018 plus gains in walking and biking
Based on $100,000 Annually for Programs -- Does not reach 30% SOV Reduction
Three Years
# Empees
in Progs Cost of Subsidies
# Empees
in Progs Cost
# Empees
in Progs Cost
Carpooling 100 6,000$ 300 10,000$ 800 15,000$ Cost Detail: 2016 costs pro-rated for 6 mos
Transit 100 42,000$ 15 12,600$ -$ Transit//Person/Yr @ $70/mo 840$
First Mile 50 40,600$ 0 -$ 0 -$ $1.75/trip based on 20 days/mo
Other (walk, bike, shuttle)0 -$ 25 -$ 200 -$ Transit subsidy for VTA, SamTrans, 1-ZoneCaltrain
Total Subsidies 250 88,600$ 340 22,600$ 1000 15,000$ Subsidies 126,200$ First Mile/Person/Yr 1,624$
TMA Operations Budget 31,600$ 159,000$ 199,800$ Operations 390,400$ $3.38/trip based on 20 days/mo
Total TMA Expenses/ Yr 120,200$ 181,600$ 214,800$ Total 516,600$
3 Year Totals
2019 - 22% SOV Reduction
2016 - 3% SOV Reduction 2017 - 6% SOV Reduction 2018 - 18% SOV Reduction
2020 - 30 % SOV Reduction
2016 -3% SOV Reduction 2017 - 15% SOV Reduction 2018 - 30% SOV Reduction
2016 - 3% SOV Reduction 2017 - 8% SOV Reduction 2018 - 18% SOV Reduction
3 Yr Totals
Attachment D
DRAFT
Operations and Revenues Projections Palo Alto TMA 6/2/2016
Line Item 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Notes
Management*‐$ 110,000$ 113,300$ 117,000$ 120,000$ Hires ED in 2017. 3% increases annually after
Office Rent ‐$ 12,000$ 12,600$ 13,230$ 13,891$ Assumes 5% increase annually
Office Supplies 2,000$ 2,000$ 2,000$ 2,000$ 2,000$
Insurance 5,600$ 6,000$ 6,400$ 6,500$ 6,600$
Legal Fees*‐$ ‐$ ‐$ ‐$ ‐$ Fees to file with IRS for 501C3 status
Fiscal sponsor fees 16,500$ 16,500$ 16,500$ 16,500$ 16,500$ SVCF fees based on current contracts
Employee Survey*‐$ ‐$ 36,000$ 37,000$ 38,000$ Annual survey; may be replaced with other data
Website design and logo*‐$ ‐$ ‐$ 5,000$ ‐$ Assumes website redesign (slight) in 2019
Website hosting and maintenance*‐$ 2,500$ 2,500$ 2,500$ 2,500$
Graphics and printing*‐$ 2,500$ 2,500$ 2,500$ 2,500$ Employer, employee branding collateral in 2016
Transit Screens (2)7,000$ 7,000$ 7,500$ 8,000$ 8,000$ 2 locations
Misc.500$ 500$ 500$ 500$ 500$
*Costs in 2016, part of 2017 thru existing contract
Total TMA Operations 31,600$ 159,000$ 199,800$ 210,730$ 210,491$
Revenue Projections 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Notes
Directors' contributions 35,050$ 37,550$ 37,600$ 40,150$ 40,200$ Adds med Dir in 17 & 19; 1 small in 18 & 20
Private contributions 30,000$ ‐$ ‐$ ‐$ ‐$
City Funding Agreement (2016, 2017) 100,000$ 100,000$ ‐$ ‐$ ‐$
Other
Total Revenues 165,050$ 137,550$ 37,600$ 40,150$ 40,200$
TMA Operations Only Surplus (Deficit)133,450$ (21,450)$ (162,200)$ (170,580)$ (170,291)$
Potential Revenue Sources:
Grant funding from government/public agencies (i.e., BAAQMD, VTA, City, County, federal/state)
Parking revenues (i.e., $1/day from existing garage parking permits, other potential new parking fees)
Service contracts (many TMA's have service contracts with cities and others to market and/or manage TDM programs)
Private donations
Business tax or other Downtown assessment
Participant fees (i.e., nominal charge emloyees pay to receive benefits)
Attachment E
DRAFT
Operations and Revenues Projections Palo Alto TMA 6/2/2016
Palo Alto TMA
Business Plan
PALO ALTO TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION
AUGUST, 2016
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 1
Executive Summary
This Business Plan outlines strategies that will facilitate changing the commute behavior of some 1600+
employees who work in Downtown Palo Alto over the next few years. If successful, this will effectively
reduce Single Occupant Vehicle (SOV) trips into the Downtown area by a very impressive 30%, bringing
Palo Alto’s drive-alone rate to less than 40%.
Reducing SOV trips by 30% is an ambitious goal even with significant resources and incentives to
subsidize commuters, and will take several years to achieve. Downtown Palo Alto already has an SOV
rate of 57%, which is significantly less than the 75%+ norm in both San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties.
This relatively low rate can be traced to several employers, particularly those in the technology sector,
who already have aggressive and well-funded TDM programs which have collectively achieved SOV rates
of under 30%.
Other business categories such as service workers and light office, have SOV rates of 70% and higher --
far above the downtown-wide average. Reaching employees working in these sectors must therefore be
the Palo Alto TMA’s priority if we’re to achieve our goals.
In August, 2016, we began a pilot program targeted to low income service workers who currently drive
alone. We’re offering up to 40 employees a free monthly transit pass (either Caltrain, VTA or Samtrans)
or a subsidy to get to a Caltrain station for up to six months (continued eligibility each month is
contingent on utilization). A private foundation provided funding for this first group of low income
workers. This program will expand in October, when funding from the City begins.
Each transportation measure outlined in this Plan is informed by three data points: national data about
the relative effectiveness of that particular TDM strategy at varying levels of support; what can be
expected from these strategies based on their utilization within the Bay Area and by our immediate
neighbors; and finally these measures are informed by the results of surveys with our specific
Downtown population in both 2015 and 2016.
While the Palo Alto TMA is optimistic that we can effectively start to change commute attitudes and
behavior, how much we can move the needle and how quickly will largely depend on the availability and
consistency of adequate financial resources and staffing capacity.
Our job is multi-faceted. It involves educating employees (and their employers) about their
transportation options, providing incentives and subsidies to try them and overcoming ‘first’ mile
barriers that prevent many from using existing public transit services. It also entails working with transit
providers to make sure services are offered at times and frequencies needed and at a cost which is
affordable, and safe. At the same time, we must work in partnership with the City and others on issues
such as parking supply and cost in ways that support our common goals and maintain a visible profile in
the community.
Helping employees find better ways to get to work is a labor intensive process. It requires one-on-one
planning and usually some degree of ‘travel training’ and hand-holding. Even for transit-savvy users,
starting to use a Clipper Card train pass has a learning curve that requires support service. Making sure
there is ongoing funding for TMA staff person(s) for the foreseeable future is paramount to education,
marketing, program implementation, customer service and support, and monitoring.
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 2
Providing employees with incentives and subsidies to make using transit and other alternatives viable
financially is another critical component of this Plan. Why would a low income worker spend $84 or
more on a monthly train pass plus pay an additional fee for parking at a Caltrain station when they can
drive and park Downtown for free – or for a nominal fee? However, when presented with free or low
cost transit passes – interest in taking transit is much higher at all income levels. As the downtown
parking supply decreases and becomes more inconvenient and expensive, these alternatives have
greater relevance and value. Until such time that an ‘affordable’ monthly pass is available from transit
agencies for these employees, we will realistically need to subsidize the ‘retail price’ in order to change
behavior. Again, how effective we can be will be in the short term is contingent on the resources for
these subsidizes and incentives.
Behavior change requires a combination of incentives and customer service and ongoing
marketing/education. As the City has learned, providing transit passes alone has not been sufficient to
significantly change behavior among its 500 downtown employees. Despite offering the Caltrain
GoPass, the City’s own SOV rate only declined by 2%. We must better understand the multitude and
complexity of commuters and have a spectrum of tools and resources in order to overcome barriers.
Last but not least, we need to build strong partnerships as the community looks to the TMA as a ‘one-
stop’ resource transportation matters. Participation on committees, in community events; working with
neighborhoods and civic leaders and others such as senior groups, are all part of this effort.
Mission & Purpose
The Palo Alto TMA’s mission is to reduce Single Occupancy Vehicle trips, traffic congestion and parking
demand by delivering targeted transportation solutions to the Downtown community. We envision a
place where people prefer to travel to and within the Downtown area via non-SOV modes and can rely
on a network of safe, seamless, affordable and easy to use programs and services for those trips.
Another important function of PATMA is to serve as a one-stop information resource for both the
downtown and broader community and to provide a forum for community dialogue and be an active
voice in local and regional transportation issues.
Market Analysis
The City’s new Business Registry and data from the TMA’s 2016 Downtown Employee Commute Survey
confirm that the population of Downtown employees is approximately 10,000. This population is
projected to remain fairly stable for planning purposes. The 2016 single occupant vehicle (SOV) trip rate
is 57% (5,700 employees drive alone to work). Of these, the 2016 commute survey revealed that 46% of
these drive-alone employees are willing to try an alternative. The TMA’s initial target markets and
programs are informed by these facts and the following data points:
Data Points Relevance to TMA Programs
Industry Research Restricting and pricing
parking can result in up to
28% reductions in driving
Transit subsidies result in 5%
to 20% reductions
Shuttles result in 7% to 22%
Palo Alto is well served by
Caltrain for traditional
commuters; other carpool and
first/last mile programs
(including the shuttle system),
plus supportive parking
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 3
reductions
Information and marketing
result in 4% reductions
management will maximize the
investment in and effectiveness
of each strategy.
2015 Employee Survey Identified target markets:
workers along the Caltrain
corridor; within Palo Alto; in
specific zip codes (i.e., 94303)
where transit and other modes
already or can work well.
Almost 50% of drive-alones are
willing to try an alternative. Our
job is to give them options that
work and provide incentives
that encourage long-term
behavior change.
Business Registry 854 listings for Downtown:
88 eating and lodging
81 retail
392 office
91 service/communications
758 have 0-25 employees
76 have 26-100 employees
16 have 101-to 500
employees
2 have 501+ employees
Only a handful of employers,
including the City, are large
enough to be able to offer
robust TDM programs on their
own; nearly two-thirds of
downtown workers and their
employers need assistance.
Ancillary programs (i.e.,
first/last mile solutions) can
help larger companies increase
effectiveness of existing
programs such as GoPass.
Residential Parking Permit Data The number of workers who live
in specific zip codes within East
Palo Alto, Redwood City,
Mountain View, San Jose, San
Mateo, Santa Clara and
Sunnyvale
2015 and 2016 Commute
Survey identified these zip
codes as having good transit
and other alternative mode
utilization and/or potential
Strategic Opportunities and Challenges
Opportunities
There is a growing interest and desire from employees to use other transportation modes as
well as interest by employers as transportation becomes an important employee recruitment
and retention tool
Policy changes will make transit, biking, walking, and carpooling more attractive and affordable
than the cost of driving and parking
It is becoming increasingly faster and easier to use sustainable transportation modes to
commute to work. The reliability of travel time and convenience of using alternatives is also
increasing
Downtown Palo Alto already has very good transit service options (Caltrain, VTA, SamTrans)
New technologies and ‘first mile’ services will make core transit services more accessible for
more employees
Challenges
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 4
Fare inequalities can make using transit far more expensive than driving and parking
First mile problems – getting to transit and parking availability at transit can be a barrier
Free or inexpensive parking near work still makes driving more attractive
High employee turnover in retail, food service, and other businesses will require consistent and
ongoing marketing and information. Language may also be a barrier for some non-English-
speaking workers in these sectors. High turnover also makes the provision of an ‘annual’ pass
impractical.
Understanding transportation options and how to use them is difficult – there is no single, ‘easy’
resource available to employees or employers
Current Objectives
The City has established a goal of reducing SOV commutes by 30% over the next several years. The
TMA’s work plan is designed to move the needle towards this goal while building a strong organizational
foundation for long-term sustainability and results-oriented programs.
We are starting with a benchmark of some 5,500 downtown employees who current drive alone to get
to and from work. A 30% reduction would change the commute patterns of some 1,650 employees.
TMA Board has identified five key areas of focus for the next 24 months. These objectives align with the
TMA’s Mission, Values and Goals, as well as to helping the City meet its SOV reduction and other
environmental goals. The key areas are:
1. Program Development
2. Partnership
3. Advocacy
4. Information & Outreach
5. Sustainable Budget
These objectives are important individually and collectively, as part of how the TMA will influence and
directly enable aggressive reductions in SOV commute patterns.
The TMA has further quantified behavior changes by setting specific mode shift goals:
Number of Commuters Mode Shift To
700 to 1,000 Transit (Caltrain, VTA, Samtrans, Dumbarton Exp)
300 to 600 Carpooling and other first/last mile shared ride services
100-150 City, Stanford, other shuttle systems
100-150 94303 and other low income zip codes with peak/non-peak schedules
50 Other (Walk, Bike, Telecommute)
The ability to reach these aggressive goals depends on wide variety of factors, some of which are
beyond the TMA’s control. They include:
The overall state of the economy, downtown business climate and ‘mix’ of businesses
The evolution of ‘personal mobility’ options and technology
The integration of modes and ease of use by commuters (i.e., coordinated transfers)
The availability and capacity of alternative modes (i.e., Caltrain is at capacity)
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 5
The cost of using alternative modes
The level of investment for incentivizing and then sustaining alternative mode use and to
support general TMA educational, marketing and customer support services
Parking management policy: availability, convenience and pricing of downtown parking
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 6
Summary of Objectives
Objective: Programs and Services.
Provide access to, subsidies and other incentives to use public transit, ridesharing, and non-
vehicular modes (walking and biking) for downtown employees who currently drive alone.
Highest Priority: Provide Caltrain and VTA passes for employees living in targeted areas where
transit availability is good who work for companies not eligible for transit bulk pass programs and
for whom the cost of taking transit far exceeds the cost of driving and parking.
Secondary: Employees for whom taking public transit is not a viable option but for whom
carpooling or other programs are a viable alternative.
How success will be measured:
End Achievement: Reduction in SOV rate and an increase in use of public transit, carpooling and
other first/last mile solutions.
Until policy and pricing changes are implemented that make taking transit affordable for workers at
small companies, other incentives are needed to make taking transit competitive with the cost of
driving and parking. The TMA’s advocacy objective addresses policy.
Action:
Transit Subsidy
Goal: 700 to 1,000 employees
Target: Employees in areas where access to and availability of
frequent transit is good; where travel times and the cost of
driving is competitive with transit.
These employees will be given a full transit subsidy for an
introductory period; a lesser subsidy for continued transit use
and not buying parking permits after a specified period of time.
Ultimately, the cost of an annual or monthly pass will eliminate
the need for TMA-sponsored subsidies for all but ‘new’ users
(i.e., new employees).
This program reduces SOV trips, congestion, VMT, and demand
for parking.
Action:
Carpool Subsidies
Goal: 300-600 employees
Target: Employees for whom taking transit is not an option who
live within a 40-mile radius of downtown.
Subsidize carpool rides taken to and from downtown during
peak commute hours to incentivize both drivers and riders.
Subsidies may gradually be reduced as flat rates are established
by carpool vendors.
This program reduces SOV trips, congestion, VMT and demand
for parking.
Action:
94303 and Other Low Income
Zipcodes
Goal: 100-150 employees
Target: Employees who work a combination of peak and ‘non-
peak’ hours in the hospitality industry who live in targeted zip
codes lacking transit availability and other alternatives. These
employees often speak Spanish and other languages; they may
be able to use transit in one direction, but not in both.
Work with IDEO to further research barriers and needs; work
with rideshare vendors to develop a pilot (i.e., specialized hours
carpooling/GRH) as well as the City’s shuttle network regarding
hours and routes. Ultimately, the cost and availability of these
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 7
services will make using alternatives affordable and viable for
this market niche.
This program will reduce SOV trips, VMT, congestion and parking
demand.
Action:
Other First/Last Mile Solutions
(targeted zip codes)
Goal: 100 employees
Target: Employees working for companies who do provide
GoPass or VTA but for whom getting to (and lack of parking at) a
Caltrain or VTA station is a barrier.
Work with Lyft and other rideshare and TNC vendors to develop
a first/last mile subsidy to and from targeted Caltrain/VTA
stations.
Ultimately, as density builds (and expands beyond Palo Alto
employees), rideshare services will provide ‘Lyft Line’ type flat
pricing that will be self-sustainable for these users.
This program will reduce SOV trips, congestion and parking
demand. It will also increase the ROI on the GoPass investment
for employers, making this program more sustainable.
Action:
City Shuttles
Goal: 100-150 employees
Target: Employees who live and work in Palo Alto who live along
an existing or potential shuttle route. Also employees who live in
Palo Alto who are outbound via Caltrain.
Work with the City in evaluating and reconfiguring the shuttle
network to be more effective in addressing commute needs for
Palo Alto residents working in downtown or using Caltrain.
Routes, hours of operation, frequency of service and travel times
to and from downtown and other hubs will be reviewed.
Ultimately, this program will help increase ridership and increase
the ROI the City already makes in the shuttle system, decreasing
per-mile and per-passenger costs and serving a wider market.
This program will reduce SOV trips, congestion, and parking
demand.
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 8
Objective: Advocacy
The TMA will focus on two major policy areas which are inextricably linked to the effectiveness and
cost of TDM measures:
1. Collaborate with Caltrain and VTA to create a new pricing policy and structure which allows
smaller employers to participate in a discount transit pass program
2. Right pricing and sizing of parking for Downtown employees
Both of these will require building consensus and coalitions of support; as well as developing ‘win-
win’ solutions for all stakeholders, and are anticipated to take 1 to 3 or more years.
Highest Priority: Working with the community to build support for the creation of a new pricing
structure for small employers and using data from the TMA’s initial subsidy programs to inform
policy.
Working with the City’s Downtown Parking Management Study project and participating in
the Downtown Parking Committee to develop parking management policies and permanent
revenue streams.
Secondary: Advocate to preserve and build existing services such as VTA Route 35; AC Transit
Dumbarton Express and support other local, regional and national policies and measures which
align with the TMA’s purpose and goals.
How success will be measured:
The adoption of a new fare structure/policy at Caltrain and VTA that creates parity and availability on
a per-cost-per-pass basis for small employers with existing large employer bulk pass programs.
Parking pricing, siting and availability in downtown Palo Alto which supports TDM measures, avoids
the need to build new parking facilities, and ensures parking availability for shoppers and other
visitors while minimizing the impacts of commuter parking on nearby residential streets.
Availability, affordability, levels of service and the number of transportation mode options for
downtown employees and residents; and programs and policies that support TDM downtown and
beyond.
Action:
Advocate for a new fare
policy/structure at Caltrain
Process: Build a coalition of support (locally and regionally) for
Caltrain to provide a new fare policy/structure that enables small
employers to purchase discount annual or monthly passes either
directly and/or through authorized ‘resellers’ such as TMA’s.
Meet with Caltrain staff and elected officials to develop such
policy recommendations; publicize and build public support for
efforts.
Ultimately, passage of a new fare structure will enable
thousands of ‘new’ riders to utilize the Caltrain and VTA systems.
‘Fare parity’ for those working for small employers and in low
wage positions, also addresses an important social equity issue.
The end result will be the cost for the TMA to subsidize passes
will be greatly reduced long term.
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 9
Action:
Advocate for ‘right pricing’ and
‘right sizing’ of parking for
downtown employees
Process: Work with the City to explore the right mix of pricing,
availability, location, structure and other components of an
effective employee parking program. The TMA will participate
on two City-sponsored committees: the Downtown Parking
Management Parking Study (ad hoc) and Downtown Parking
Committee (permanent). It will also work with the Chamber, BID
and other organizations, inform through the TMA’s website and
other communications means to get feedback and build support
for new policies and programs which holistically address parking
issues.
Ultimately, parking is priced to discourage SOV commute trips
yet provides for ‘occasional’ needs; demand for Residential
Parking Permits by employees is reduced (and therefore the use
of residential streets) and employee parking is accommodated in
existing downtown parking facilities (both public and private).
Paid, on-street parking is available for shoppers and visitors.
A holistic parking management approach may also provide a
source of ongoing and stable funding for the TMA.
Action:
Measure and Monitor Parking
Process: Work with VIMOC to implement a pilot program which
builds on the existing City pilot to measure what we want to
better manage – parking utilization.
This program will identify utilization patterns (and availability) in
existing facilities that may be ‘repurposed’ for occasional
parking, low income permit parking, etc.
Ultimately, it is likely that more efficient utilization of existing
parking resources, coupled with providing viable alternatives to
driving alone, and pricing will eliminate the need to construct
new parking facilities.
Action:
Advocate for the preservation of
existing transit services; funding
for and expansion and better
utilization of key services (i.e.,
electrification of Caltrain) and new
pilots to test new technologies
and modes. Advocate for TDM
support policies such as tax-
deductible subsidies, etc.
Process: Work with local and regional transit providers in
support of preserving key services; expanding services to better
suit the needs of downtown employees and residents; and foster
innovative pilots that test both new modes, technologies, and
approaches to alternatives.
This program is dynamic and will include a range of activities
from participating on planning and advisory committees at
transit agencies to ongoing education/information to the
business community and showing support (or opposition)
through letter-writing, presentations to elected officials and
other means. It will respond to short term issues (such as
potential service cutbacks) as well as play a proactive role in long
term projects.
Action:
Advocate for the preservation and
enhancement of the Dumbarton
Express
Process: Work with AC Transit and its partners to explore
creative ways of solving the parking problems at pick-up
locations in the East Bay in order to allow more workers from the
East Bay to take advantage of this service.
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 10
Objective: Build Strong Partnerships with the City and Downtown Employer and Residential
Communities
The community will understand how the TMA and its programs support important priorities such as
decreasing congestion, reducing parking demand on residential streets, and supporting downtown
merchants.
The community will have ample opportunities to interact with the TMA: to learn about programs
and services; provide feedback on an ongoing basis; and participate in the development of new
activities.
How success will be measured:
Downtown neighborhood and business associations, committees and stakeholders will be
knowledgeable and supportive of the TMA and its work and the TMA will receive positive press
coverage.
The TMA website will be a well-utilized resource for the community at large; the feedback
mechanisms from this and other public-facing activities will be positive.
While the primary focus will be the downtown area, the TMA will extend these efforts, as resources
allow, to other parts of the City.
Action:
Form an Advisory Group by
October, 2016
Purpose: The purpose of the Advisory Group is to be engaged in
TMA discussions at Board meetings, help to reach out and
inform the local residential communities of what the TMA is
doing and achieving; provide feedback, support and advocacy.
Advisors will be a small group of five representing a variety of
downtown stakeholders: a resident who is an outbound
commuter; a resident who works downtown; one
representative each from Professorville and a North
neighborhood and one non-downtown resident who either
works downtown or is an outbound Caltrain commuter.
The TMA will publicize an application and process; Advisors will
be selected by the TMA Board from this process.
Action:
Meet with the BID, Chamber and
others on a regular basis to keep
them informed about TMA
programs and results.
Purpose: To keep the community informed about what the
TMA is doing; results of our programs; discuss new challenges
and opportunities and provide another mechanism for feedback
and participation.
The TMA will meet with the BID at least twice a year; it will
make presentations to the Chamber membership twice a year
and attend and participate in Chamber and/or community
events at least quarterly.
Action:
Participate in local events when
requested; representation on
transportation-related committees
(City and/or other)
Purpose: In keeping with the TMA’s goal of being a
transportation resource for the community, it will participate in
special events and serve on issues-related committees.
Stanford Alumni Association’s annual “Beyond the Farm” event
focused on the transportation needs of seniors in Palo Alto.
The TMA facilitated. The City has also requested the TMA’s
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 11
participation in its Downtown Parking Management Study.
Action:
Request a Council Liaison to the
TMA and Two Council Workshops
Purpose: Keeping City Council apprised of the TMA’s progress
and supportive of our efforts is key to the TMA’s success.
The TMA will request a Council liaison who can attend Board
meetings and/or meet with the TMA on a quarterly basis.
The TMA will give the Council updates twice a year, through a
“Workshop” format and attend Council meetings as they relate
to TMA programs, funding, or other matters throughout the
year.
Action:
Public Relations
Purpose: The TMA will develop a relationship with local
reporters as well as the City’s public information officer to make
sure that these two conduits are well-informed and have
accurate information.
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 12
Objective: Outreach. Provide high quality information to those who need it. TMA programs and
services are creatively branded.
Highest Priority: Downtown Employers and employees; visitors and residents
Secondary: Other downtown stakeholders; transit agencies and other transportation providers,
and the general public
How success will be measured:
Growth in the number of visits to the TMA website; time spent and number of pages visited
Requests for more information or assistance
At least 50% of all downtown employers aware of the TMA and what services it provides within 2
years.
At least 75% of downtown employers with 50+ employees agree that the TMA provides valuable
information and services to them within two years
Number of employers taking action as a result of interaction with the TMA
Number of employees helped through information and trip planning assistance
Positive publicity in local papers, social media, business newsletters, etc.
Action:
Website
Purpose: Create an online resource to provide news and
information; ‘how to’s’; and calculators to easily illustrate
transportation choices and costs for employees and residents.
An employer section outlining employer programs will
complement the ‘general public’ site.
Action:
Transit Screens:
Purpose: Transportation choices and accessibility in real time
are ‘ubiquitous’ throughout Downtown and reinforce other
marketing efforts.
Placement of 2-3 transit screens in high foot traffic areas
showing real-time transit information; bike-share availability,
shuttle and other mode options will build awareness of
multiple modes and choices; special incentive programs, etc.
Action:
Outreach to Large Employers
Purpose: Encourage 16-20 ‘large’ employers to offer bulk
transit passes to their employees; pre-tax transit payroll
deductions and other programs.
Work to develop and refine other programs in response to
specific needs and interests by this market niche, which
represents those most likely to affect and support behavior
changes.
Action:
Publish a quarterly e-newsletter
Purpose: Keep employers well informed about transportation
issues and TMA programs and services. Create awareness and
establish TMA as a valuable resource.
Promote specific programs (i.e., the City’s bike rack program)
both TMA and non-TMA; inform and provide opportunities for
input on issues and programs (local, regional).
Action:
Develop Print Material for
Employers
Purpose: Educate employers of all sizes what they can do;
illustrate “ROI” and motivate to participate in a range of
programs appropriate to their business.
This collateral can be sent to employers; used by TMA staff in
meetings with employers; as part of public presentations, etc.
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 13
Action:
Develop Print Material for
Employees on Current Programs
Purpose: To reach every type of employee from service to tech
worker; educate about the range and cost of various commute
options; how to get help and promote specific ‘offers’.
This piece will be updated regularly and published in at least
two languages (English/Spanish); and distributed to all
downtown employers.
Action:
Hospitality and Restaurant Worker
Outreach
Purpose: Reach service workers who commute at least in one
direction in non-peak times (i.e., arrive in PM peak but leave
late night) and who live in specific areas of density (i.e., 94303).
The size of this market warrants specific outreach and program
development.
Action:
Advertising in local newspapers
Purpose: To reach residents and others beyond the downtown
community to promote programs available to the general
public; inform, etc.
Objective: Budget. Establish a realistic two-year start-up budget. Identify stable, permanent
sources of funding for ongoing operations and incentive programs post-start up.
How success will be measured:
TMA Board and Palo Alto City Council adoption of a Two Year Business Plan and budget with City
support by July, 2016.
TMA obtain long-term, ongoing funding agreements and other commitments within two years.
Action:
Develop Two Year Business Plan
Purpose: Provide a roadmap for TMA’s first two years of
operation with mutually agreed upon goals, strategies,
evaluation metrics, public participation levels and funding.
This will enable the TMA to launch programs, begin to show
results, and work towards long-term, sustainable programs and
funding solutions with the City and other partners.
Action:
Research and meet with
Foundations, other potential
funders
Purpose: Gain long term financial support for key elements of
interest to the private sector: social equity; environmental
sustainability; health; economic resiliency and changing modes,
technology, and demographics.
This will enable the TMA to diversify funding streams; to
develop programs and test outcomes for specific niche
markets, and provide for long-term planning and relevance.
Action:
Pursue management agreements
Purpose: TMA’s typically market and manage programs on
behalf of cities and other public entities: shuttles, parking, and
public information are examples. This provides an ongoing and
stable level of financial support for TMA overhead and other
ongoing expenses that ensures the quality of program delivery.
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 14
Budget Planning Background and Rationale
Downtown Palo Alto is at a critical juncture. Because the cost of driving and parking is by far the most
‘affordable’ as well as convenient option for many employees, significant incentives – or ‘carrots’ – are
needed to change behavior. The vast majority of the 854 downtown employers are small and cannot
afford additional costs of doing business such as subsidizing employees’ commutes, whether by transit
or other means. The nature of retail and service businesses precludes alternatives such as
telecommuting, and hours of operation require many employees to commute in peak periods in at least
one direction.
The TMA is optimistic that longer term, we will influence a change in policy regarding discount fare
structures from transit providers such as Caltrain which will make transit affordable with little or no
subsidy from the TMA. Once we have attained the initial reductions in SOV commutes, full subsidy
programs can be limited to ‘new’ employees (and at a greatly reduced cost from today’s pricing). In the
interim, however, significant investments must be made to bring about parity, while at the same time,
realigning parking availability, location, and pricing and creating more holistic home-to-work options.
The table below illustrates the disparities in the current pricing structure for Caltrain and VTA.
Caltrain Individual
Monthly
Individual
Annual
Go Pass
Annual
Proposed Bulk
Annual
Proposed
Bulk
Monthly
Zone 1 $84.80 $1,017.60 $190.00 $600.00 $50.00
Zone 2 $137.80 $1,653.60 $190.00 $600.00 $50.00
Zone 3 $190.80 $2,289.60 $190.00 $600.00 $50.00
VTA Individual
Monthly
Individual
Annual
1-99
Employees
Annual
100-2999
Employees
Annual
3000+
Employees
Annual
Eco Pass $70.00 $770.00 $72.00 $36.00 $32.40
Eco Pass Plus $140.00 $1,680.00 $93.60 $54.00 $32.40
The TMA’s 2015 and 2016 downtown employee surveys revealed that a good portion of workers who
drive alone are open to using an alternative. Providing the financial incentive to use transit is a key step,
but it is not a ‘silver bullet.’ Even with free or heavily subsidized transit fares, using transit can be a
complex undertaking. The lack of parking at many Caltrain stations presents a major barrier. The lack of
coordination (poor frequency, total travel time required and cost) with other systems (i.e., taking a VTA
local bus to a Caltrain station) is another obstacle. VTA is piloting new programs that address some of
these issues that the TMA will explore as part of its transit and ‘first mile’ solutions. We will also
develop other ‘first’ mile solutions with other rideshare services to eliminate barriers and make using
alternatives more appealing.
The investment to incentivize and enable behavior shift that reaches the 30% goal in the short term is
costly in the early year(s) until changes in fare policy and our initial goals are met. It will cost between
$1 million and $1.5 million annually. At the low end, we are investing approximately $606 annually ($50
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 15
per month) per person; at the high end, $909 per person (about $75/month) to reach a goal of reducing
SOV trips by 30%.
It should be noted that investment in TDM is far less expensive and solves today’s problems much more
quickly when compared with the cost to construct a new parking space – estimated at $60,000 per space
in a structured facility. Over 30 years, the annual costs of each space is approximately $2,000 excluding
financing, operations and maintenance. This translates to a monthly subsidy of $167, by comparison. It
also costs $462 per space to maintain existing parking spaces.
Of equal importance is that building more parking capacity is antithetical to the City’s sustainability goals
and desire to retain its small town ambience. Building satellite parking would require even more
transportation services (and costs) to link parking with end-destinations with frequent and continuous
service. Even with frequent connections, satellite parking adds significantly to the ‘total commute time’
for many employees and may therefore, not be highly utilized.
Long-term, if transit pricing structures change, the need for fully subsidized transit and other modes
from the TMA will be greatly reduced, and with those reductions, the TMA can invest in expansion
and/or new modes of transportation, technology and other activities that will contribute to making
alternative forms of transportation the preferred way to get around Palo Alto.
The budgets outlined on the following pages offer three scenarios which illustrate how various levels of
investment affect the ability and length of time to reach the end goal of reducing ,1650 drive alone
commuters.
Option 1 uses current transit pricing available to us (no discounted rates) and reaches our 30%
goal in three years at a cost of approximately $2.5 million.
Option 2 reaches the same 1,650 employees, over a five-year period at a cost of $3.5 million.
Option 3 assumes only ‘base’ funding available at a level of $100,000 annually plus over three
years, which will only cover the cost of TMA staffing and operations and very limited transit
subsidies. This Option achieves an 18% SOV in three years.
While the specific level of investment in various transit genres will be fluid depending on demand and
other factors, these draft budgets provide a framework from which to plan sustainable budgets and set
performance expectations. They also provide a basis for evaluating a range of potential funding
strategies that can generate the necessary revenues for transportation demand management to be
successful both short term and the long term.
It is worth noting that as parking supply and demand evolves, some employers may also be more willing
to partially subsidize the cost of transit passes in the interest of employee recruitment and retention.
This is much more likely if a new transit product – a monthly pass – tailored to service workers, becomes
available and is affordably priced.
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 16
Option 1: Achieves 30% SOV reduction over 3 years with significant subsidies.
Option 2: Achieves 30% SOV reduction over 5 years with significant subsidies.
Palo Alto TMA Business Plan
Pg. 17
Option 3: Achieves 6% SOV reduction over 2 years with limited subsidies.
TMA Operations Projections (excluding the cost of transit/first mile/other subsidies and incentives)
Line Item 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Notes & Assumptions
Management -- 110,000 113,300 117,000 120,000 ED hired in 2017. 3% increases
Office rent -- 12,000 12,600 13,230 13,891 Assumes 5% increases
Office supplies 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000
Insurance 5,600 6,000 6,400 6,500 6,600
Legal fees* -- Fees for 501C filing in 2016
Fiscal sponsor fees 16,500 16,500 16,500 16,500 16,500 SVCF, based on current contract
Employee survey* -- -- 36,000 37,000 38,000 Annual; may be replaced w/ other
Website, logo* -- -- -- 5,000 -- Assumes site redesign in 2019
Graphics, printing* -- 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 Branding developed in 2016
Transit Screens (2) 7,000 7,000 7,500 7,500 7,500 In 2 central downtown locations
Misc. 500 500 500 500 500
Total Operating Costs 31,600 159,000 199,800 210,730 210,491
*Costs in 2016, 2016 are covered through existing contract
TMA Operations Revenues Projections
Line Item 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Notes
Directors’ contributions 35,050 37,550 37,600 40,150 40,200 Expands Board (small & medium)
Private contributions 30,000 -- -- -- --
City Funding Agreement 100,000 100,000
Total Revenues 165,050 137,550 37,600 40,150 40,200
Potential Revenue Sources (to be developed in 2016/2017):
Parking revenues (i.e., $1/day from existing permits; other potential new parking fees)
Grant funding from public agencies (i.e., BAAQMD, VTA, City, County)
Service contracts (i.e., TMA service contract with city, County to market and/or manage
programs)
Private donations
Business tax or other Downtown assessment