HomeMy WebLinkAboutStaff Report 8487
City of Palo Alto (ID # 8487)
City Council Staff Report
Report Type: Action Items Meeting Date: 12/11/2017
City of Palo Alto Page 1
Summary Title: Discuss and Accept S/CAP 2020 Implementation Plan (SIP)
Title: Discuss and Accept the Draft 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation
Plan (SIP) Key Actions as a Work Program for 2018-2020 and Direct Staff on
Next Steps
From: City Manager
Lead Department: City Manager
Recommendation
Staff recommends that City Council:
1. Accept the attached (Attachment A) revised 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation
Plan (SIP) "Key Actions" as a summary of the City’s work program under the S/CAP
Framework for the years 2018-2020;
2. Find this action exempt from environmental review under CEQA Guidelines Section
15061(b)(3).
Executive Summary
The attached 2018 - 2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan (SIP) (Attachment A) focuses on
two key S/CAP concerns—CO2 and H2O (Greenhouse Gasses (GHG) and Water)—and four
action areas: Energy, Mobility, Electric Vehicles, and Water. In each of these four areas, staff
proposes specific near-term key actions to advance the City’s S/CAP goals, and broader
“strategic moves” to support those actions.
Within each of the four focus areas, the SIP represents a specific workplan to advance the goals
of the S/CAP across programmatic and departmental lines. In many cases, the actions
described also require new community and regional partnerships to develop and test new
strategies that will build on Palo Alto’s leadership role in sustainability and innovation.
These key actions identify what can be accomplished within the three-year period between
now and 2020 to continue progress toward the Council–adopted S/CAP goal of reducing GHG
emissions by 80 percent from 1990 levels by 2030. Some of the key actions have already
undergone CEQA review and are underway. Staff will return to Council as needed for additional
consideration of those specific S/CAP 2018-2020 SIP Projects, Policies and/or Budget items
which require additional resources and/or CEQA review. Staff envisions updating the Draft
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S/CAP and bringing forward a completed S/CAP for Council adoption in 2020, with an update in
2025, and including further key actions at those times.
Background
On 4/18/16 City Council first received and discussed the draft Sustainability/Climate Action Plan
(S/CAP), and unanimously (8-0) approved the following motions1:
A. Adopt a goal of 80% greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction by 2030, calculated utilizing the
1990 baseline;
B. Direct staff to return within two months with a process for integration of the
Sustainability and Climate Action Plan (S/CAP) with the Comprehensive Plan Update;
C. Support the general framework of the S/CAP;
D. Support the S/CAP Guiding Principles, which are to be reviewed and formally adopted
within six months.
In response to these directives, Staff formed seven inter-departmental teams to develop
implementation plans covering the key S/CAP Chapters (Mobility, Energy, Water, Zero Waste,
Municipal Operations, Adaption and Sea Level Rise, and Natural Environment), and has worked
to integrate the S/CAP and the Comprehensive Plan Update, as described under Policy
Implications, below (See also Attachment C).
On November 28, 2016, Council adopted Palo Alto’s S/CAP Framework, including Guiding
Principles, and directed staff to return with a Sustainability Implementation Plan that would
include the more detailed action items.
On June 5, 2017, Staff presented these detailed action items, identified as “Key Actions” for
Council consideration. Council directed staff to prepare a shorter, more tightly focused 2018 -
2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan (SIP) for Council review, which is the revised SIP
presented here.
Discussion
Staff has undertaken the development of the S/CAP in several phases. An overview of the
S/CAP organization and definition of terms is provided in Attachment B, with the key milestones
described here:
The draft S/CAP, including draft anticipated Actions through 2030, as well as GHG
reduction analysis and financial impact analysis for most critical measures, was
presented to Council April 18, 2016. Council “supported” the S/CAP framework and
Guiding Principles, and adopted S/CAP’s “80 percent by 2030” GHG reduction goal.
1 http://www.cityofpaloalto.org/civicax/filebank/documents/52025
City of Palo Alto Page 3
A subset of the S/CAP called the "Framework", including Guiding Principles, Design
Principles and Decision Criteria, and Goals and Strategies, (with draft Actions in the April
2016 Draft removed; and Goals and Strategies enhanced in several Chapters). The S/CAP
Framework was adopted by Council on November 28, 2016. (These terms are explained
in the Glossary section of Attachment B.)
A draft "Sustainability Implementation Plan” (SIP) covering each Chapter of the S/CAP
Framework was presented to Council in June 2018. The work program identified in the
“Key Actions” of the SIP (Attachment A) is in progress.
A revised 2018-2020 SIP, focusing on four key chapters of the draft SIP, in response to
Council guidance
Staff will return to Council with a complete S/CAP, including SIP and any requisite
environmental review in 2020.
In addition, summary S/CAP FAQs are included in Attachment D, and a summary of key S/CAP
analytics and decision logic in Attachment E. In the future, staff will report progress annually (or
more often as warranted), and anticipates bringing a completed S/CAP forward to Council for
consideration and adoption in 2020, with updates every 5 years thereafter.
Key Timeline Dates:
January 2016 — Community Climate Summit
April 2016 — SCAP to Council; Council adopts 80x30 goal
July 2016 – Begin development of SIP with department leaders and staff
November 2016 — Council adopts S/CAP Framework
June 2017 – SIP Key 2017-2020 Actions to Council
Dec 2017 – Revised SIP Key 2018-2020 Actions to Council
2018 – 2020 - Specific 2018-2020 SIP Projects, Policies, and/or Budget items requiring
additional resources and/or CEQA review to Council.
2020 – Update the Draft S/CAP and bring forward a complete S/CAP to Council for
adoption, with an update in 2025 including further key actions at that time
2030 – Achieve S/CAP Goals including 80% GHG Reduction
Resource Impacts
Much of the funding to carry out the SIP work program is already embedded in existing
Department Budgets. Additional funding or staffing may be required to complete some of the
Key Actions in the SIP. Staff will identify these needs as we move ahead and will submit
separate resource requests to Council as needed. Staff recommends that Council accept the
2018-2020 SIP work program now, with the understanding that if future funding requests are
not approved, some Key Actions in the SIP will not be undertaken.
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Policy Implications
As indicated above, the City Council has adopted the S/CAP overall target of reducing Palo
Alto’s GHG emissions to 80% below 1990 levels by 2030, which is the horizon year of the
updated Comprehensive Plan. The draft S/CAP also addresses other sustainability topics that
overlap and complement the updated Comprehensive Plan, making coordination between the
two planning efforts a critical exercise. Staff has worked to ensure this integration, has
conducted a “cross-walk” analysis of both plans, assisted by a sustainability subcommittee of
the Comprehensive Plan Community Advisory Committee (CAC).
This effort has included:
Incorporation of key S/CAP goals and strategies into the Comprehensive Plan as C
Comprehensive Plan policies and programs;
“Cross-walk” and identification and resolution of potential conflicts between the draft
S/CAP and the Comprehensive Plan;
Exploration of Comprehensive Plan references within the S/CAP as well.
(Attachment C includes the handout prepared for the sustainability summit that summarized
our initial approach to the integration of these two planning efforts.)
Questions regarding the relationships, consistency, and integration among planning efforts are
to some extent inevitable, as Palo Alto has placed a high priority on strategic decision making
while advancing multiple priorities. While this was particularly relevant for the Comprehensive
Plan, it is also an important consideration between the S/CAP and priority areas such as the
Urban Forest Master Plan, Parks/Trails/Open Space Master Plan, and Utilities plans. Given the
likelihood of overlapping update timeframes among these plans, staff endeavors to ensure that
current efforts reflect the latest developments within areas of specialized knowledge and are
coordinated accordingly among departments and stakeholders. This coordination challenge
reinforces the importance of timely completion of planning efforts, both for the efficient use of
resources and to minimize the potential for changes in underlying assumptions to require
significant rework before priorities can be finalized.
Environmental Review
Acceptance by Council of and direction to staff regarding next steps concerning the 2018-2020
SIP is exempt from review under California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines
Section 15061(b)(3) because the action would accept a work program that is subject to change
(i.e. it’s non-binding). Individual tasks identified in the work program are subject to separate
funding decisions and environmental review, so their potentially significant environmental
impacts (if any) will be fully considered at another time. Ongoing projects identified in the SIP
that have already been approved by Council were previously subject to any necessary
environmental review and where new tasks in the SIP may have far reaching consequences,
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they have been framed as tasks to “consider” or “evaluate” possible actions. Those actions will
be subject to individual CEQA review as necessary if/when they have been fully analyzed and
brought forward for a decision on implementation.
Attachments:
Attachment A: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan
Attachment B: S/CAP Definition of Terms
Attachment C: Comp Plan/SCAP Integration Handout
Attachment D: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan FAQs
Attachment E: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background
Attachments:
Attachment A: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan
Attachment B: S/CAP Definition of Terms
Attachment C: CompPlan/SCAP Integration Handout
Attachment D: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan FAQs
Attachment E: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background
Attachment A: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan
CITY OF
PALO ALTO
EV
Sustainability Implementation Plan (SIP)
Key Actions
2018-2020
Attachment A: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan
Sustainability Implementation Plan 2018-2020 Page 2 of 10
SUSTAINABILITY IMPLEMENTATION PLAN KEY ACTIONS
2018-2020
On November 28, 2016, City Council approved the Sustainability Climate Action Plan (S/CAP)
FRAMEWORK for the City of Palo Alto, including GOALS and STRATEGIES. Council directed Staff to
return with a Sustainability Implementation Plan (SIP) specifying ACTIONS needed to build City capacity
to achieve the “80x30” GHG reduction goal unanimously endorsed by Council on April 18, 2016. (Note:
GHG reduction is not S/CAP’s only goal, but is a key indicator tied to other goals and co-benefits
addressed by SOP actions.)
In response, staff created a 2017-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan that included all the GOALS
from the S/CAP Framework, and KEY ACTIONS for 2017 to 2020 (a subset of all SIP ACTIONS which are
being finalized by staff). That document, which was presented to Council on June 5, 2017, also identified
potential budget requests for FY 2018. Council directed staff to return with a more targeted
Sustainability Implementation Plan, which is presented here.
This document is a shorter, more tightly focused 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan (SIP)
that focuses on two key concerns—CO2 emissions and Water—and four key areas of activity: Energy,
Mobility, Electric Vehicles, and Water.1
1 These actions reflect staff's best judgement of the significant and currently feasible steps to move Palo Alto towards it goals. At the same
time, we recognize that technologies are evolving rapidly, and that we will learn and build capacity along this journey; for those reasons, we
will continually ask not only "what is feasible now?" but also "what might be possible if…?"
Attachment A: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan
Sustainability Implementation Plan 2018-2020 Page 3 of 10
Some of the Key Actions can be readily implemented at a staff level; some will require review and
approval by Council; and some may require environmental review, including under the California
Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), prior to adoption and implementation.
As this work proceeds within the 2018-2020 time-frame, Staff will revise plans as necessary, based on
implementation experience—returning to Council for policy and budget approvals as needed. SIP actions
and budgets will be added and amended based on evaluating progress at least every three years,
beginning in 2020. The remaining S/CAP areas—Zero Waste and Circular Economy; Municipal
Operations; Climate Adaption and Sea Level Rise; Regeneration and Natural Environment; Financing
Strategies; and Community Behavior, Culture, and Innovation—will also be included in future plans.
Staff estimates that these Key Actions and other actions underway could enable Palo Alto to reduce GHG
emissions to about 40 percent below the 1990 base year by 2020 as the SIP is implemented (depending
of course on the pace of implementation), and by about 54 percent if we include the “bridging”
contribution of natural gas offsets2. That will be a major step forward towards the S/CAP’s 2030 Goal of
80 percent GHG reduction, which far exceeds the state of California’s world-leading reduction goals of
40 percent by 2030 and 80 percent by 2050. As the rest of the country looks to California for leadership
in sustainability, the City of Palo Alto will continue to lead by example.
Key Timeline Dates:
January 2016 — Community Climate Summit
April 2016 — SCAP to Council; Council adopts 80x30 goal
July 2016 – Begin development of SIP with department leaders and staff
November 2016 — Council adopts S/CAP Framework
June 2017 – SIP Key 2017-2020 Actions to Council
Dec 2017 – Revised SIP Key 2018-2020 Actions to Council
2018 – 2020 - Specific 2018-2020 SIP Projects, Policies, and/or Budget items requiring additional
resources and/or CEQA review to Council.
2020 – Update the Draft S/CAP and bring forward a complete S/CAP to Council for adoption, with
an update in 2025 including further key actions at that time.
2030 – Achieve S/CAP Goals including 80% GHG Reduction
2 Based on 1) SCAP projections (for which we are behind schedule) and 2) Carbon Neutral Natural Gas. Staff estimates that
Carbon Neutral Natural Gas will result in an additional 18% reduction in GHG emissions.
Attachment A: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan
Sustainability Implementation Plan 2018-2020 Page 4 of 10
80x30 GHG Reduction Budget (MT CO2e)
Attachment A: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan
Sustainability Implementation Plan 2018-2020 Page 5 of 10
SUSTAINABILITY AND CLIMATE ACTION PLAN:
Guiding Principles, Design Principles, and Design Criteria3
On November 28, 2016, Council approved these guiding principles, design principles and decision criteria to assist
Staff in developing and refining near term strategies that support the City’s long-term vision and goals. Fully
anticipating that many things will change on the path to 2030, Council expects that Staff and Council will apply
these Principles and Criteria in designing and selecting specific programs and policies to pursue, and in allocating
public resources to support them.
The Vision Statement for the 1998 Comprehensive Plan Governance Element declares that:
“Palo Alto will maintain a positive civic image and be a leader in the regional, state, and national policy
discussions affecting the community. The City will work with neighboring communities to address
common concerns and pursue common interests. The public will be actively and effectively involved in
City affairs, both at the Citywide and neighborhood levels.”
S/CAP builds on that vision with these principles as a basis for effective and sustainable decision-making:
Guiding Principles
Consider “sustainability” in its broadest
dimensions, including quality of life, the natural
environment and resilience, not just climate
change and GHG emissions reductions.
Address the sustainability issues most important
to the community and select most cost-effective
programs and policies—recognizing that this will
entail moral and political, as well as economic,
decision factors.
Seek to improve quality of life as well as
environmental quality, economic health and
social equity.
Foster a prosperous, robust and inclusive
economy.
Build resilience—both physical and cultural—
throughout the community.
Include diverse perspectives from all community
stakeholders, residents, and businesses.
Recognize Palo Alto’s role as a leader and
linkages with regional, national and global
community.
Design Principles
Focus on what’s feasible—recognizing that technology
and costs are shifting rapidly.
Prioritize actions that are in the City’s control –
recognizing that we can urge others to join us, but
leading by example is most effective
Be specific about the actions and costs to achieve
near-term goals, while accepting that longer-term
goals can be more aspirational
Use ambient resources: Maximize the efficient capture
and use of the energy and water that fall on Palo Alto.
Full cost accounting: Use total (life cycle) cost of
ownership and consideration of externalities to guide
financial decisions, while focusing on emission
reductions that achievable at a point in time (i.e. not
on life cycle emissions).
Align incentives: Ensure that subsidies, if any, and
other investment of public resources encourage what
we want and discourage what we don’t want.
Flexible platforms: Take practical near-term steps that
expand rather than restrict capacity for future actions
and pivots.
Decision Criteria
Greenhouse gas impact
Quality of life impact
Mitigation cost
Return on investment (ROI)
Ecosystem health
Resilience
Impact on future generations
3 From the S/CAP Framework, approved by Council Nov 2016
Attachment A: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan
Sustainability Implementation Plan 2018-2020 Page 6 of 10
SUSTAINABILITY IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 2018—2020 GOALS
MOBILITY
Reduce SOV travel
Make it more convenient not to drive
ENERGY
Drive building efficiency and electrification
Mitigate the impacts of natural gas use
WATER
Reduce water consumption
Ensure an adequate water supply from sustainable sources
Protect canopy, creeks, groundwater and the bay
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Accelerate EV penetration for both PA & inbound vehicles
Make “Going EV” more convenient and economical than using fossil
fueled vehicles
EV
Attachment A: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan
Sustainability Implementation Plan 2018-2020 Page 7 of 10
GOALS
Drive building efficiency and electrification through voluntary and mandatory programs
Mitigate the impacts of natural gas use through carbon offsets (in the short term) and
electrification (in the mid-to long-term)
STRATEGIC MOVES
Identify utility projects needed to support S/CAP decarbonization goals through utility planning
processes such as the Utilities Strategic Plan, Smart Grid Implementation Plan, Distributed Energy
Resources Plan, distribution planning processes and Electric Integrated Resources Plan.
Develop a ZNE Roadmap and benchmarking energy study to identify opportunities to increase
efficiency of new and existing building stock from construction through operation.
KEY ACTIONS
EGY1 - Continue to purchase carbon offsets to match natural gas emissions as a transitional measure.
Evaluate potential local offset purchases. (UTL, PW, S)
EGY2 - Achieve cumulative energy efficiency savings of 2-5% by 2020 through voluntary and
mandatory energy efficiency measures in buildings. (UTL, DS)
EGY3 - Encourage voluntary electrification (and mandates as appropriate) of natural gas appliances
through actions such as pilot programs, process streamlining, evaluating barriers (rates/fees,
financing), and contractor/supplier engagement. (UTL, DS)
EGY4 - Complete construction of a replacement facility for sludge incinerators, the City facility with
the largest energy use (PW)
EGY5 - Develop programs that will result in even greater efficiency savings and decarbonization from
2020 to 2030. Potential evaluations include higher efficiency standards for new and existing
buildings. (DS, UTL)
EGY6 - Develop building benchmarking requirements, and commissioning / retro-commissioning
programs to ensure efficient post-occupancy building operation (DS, UTL)
KPIs: Building Energy Efficiency. Electrification percentage.
Emissions from natural gas use represent ~25% of Palo Alto’s remaining carbon footprint. The
decreasing emissions of California and Palo Alto’s energy supply due to renewable energy opens the
opportunity to reduce natural gas use through electrification in addition to continued efficiency
measures. Palo Alto will first seek to reduce natural gas usage through energy efficiency and
conservation, followed by electrification of water heating, space heating, clothes drying and cooking
where practical and cost effective.
ENERGY
Efficiency, renewables and electrification are key to Palo Alto’s—and California’s—low carbon energy
strategy, but pace of implementation will depend on technology evolution and cost-effectiveness as well
as market acceptance. Electrification—and encouraging existing buildings to upgrade to modern energy
efficiency levels —may pose significant strategic and operating challenges for the City of Palo Alto
Utilities (CPAU). (Lead departments: Utilities, Development Services)
Attachment A: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan
Sustainability Implementation Plan 2018-2020 Page 8 of 10
GOALS
Reduce Single Occupancy Vehicle (SOV) travel
Make it more convenient not to drive
STRATEGIC MOVES
Implement solutions and incentives to reduce SOV travel (T)
Advocate for regional transportation solutions that reduce emissions and congestion (S)
KEY ACTIONS
MOB1 - Fund the TMA with the goal of reducing SOV commute-trips downtown by 30% (T)
MOB2 - Ensure that Palo Alto’s transportation policies and investments support integrated
mobility services (S)
MOB3 - Develop “commuter wallet” mobility app(s) to make it easier for people to use and
pay for transit, rideshare, bike share, and mobility services, and take other steps to
ensure supportive infrastructure and services (S)
MOB4 - Increase bicycle boulevard mileage by 13.1 miles, and redesign streets to support
active and non-SOV modes of travel (T)
MOB5 - Use parking management strategies, including dynamic pricing, to support
transportation and sustainability goals and better align the cost of commuting by car
with the cost of commuting by transit (T)
MOB6 - Explore options for aligning City fleet management with the “three revolutions” of
electric, shared and connected; evaluate using City vehicles as “ride share” vehicles
and/or contracting with a 3rd party for pool management (S, PW)
MOB7 - Explore housing strategies (such as transit oriented development, trip caps, parking
maximums and unbundling parking) that reduce auto trips (T)
MOB8 - Explore re-establishing and expanding access to citywide bike share program, integrated
with regional transit, perhaps in collaboration with neighboring cities (T)
MOB9 - Advocate for policies that enable provision of universal transit passes to residents in
transit served areas (T)
MOB10 - Explore providing flexible/responsive first-and-last-mile solutions (T)
KPIs: Single Occupancy Vehicle (SOV) commute mode share. Transit ridership. Commute
Benefits participation.
MOBILITY
Road transportation represents about two-thirds of Palo Alto’s existing carbon footprint – and a
congestion headache. GHG’s are a function of two factors: Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT), addressed here,
and the carbon intensity (GHG/VMT), addressed in the next section. Reducing GHG/VMT is largely driven
by Federal Standards, state policy and vehicle offerings (including fuel efficiency and EVs). However, VMT
and EV adoption can be influenced by local programs. (Lead departments: Transportation, Sustainability)
The mobility marketplace is changing rapidly: Lyft and Uber are growing in significance;
Autonomous Vehicles are on the way; and, land use and mobility interact in substantial and
complex ways.
Attachment A: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan
Sustainability Implementation Plan 2018-2020 Page 9 of 10
GOALS
Accelerate EV penetration for both PA-based & inbound vehicles
Make “Going EV” more convenient and economical than using fossil fueled vehicles
STRATEGIC MOVES
Build out public and private infrastructure to support rising EV penetration, including
anticipated local ownership of 4-6,000 EVs by 2020 (UTL, PW, DS, S)
Evaluate incentives, outreach, policies, and financing options to stimulate charging
infrastructure and EV ownership/use (UTL, DS)
KEY ACTIONS
EV1 - Publicize streamlined permitting and CPAU-funded transformer upgrades (DS, UTL)
EV2 - Consider requiring EV Readiness and charger installation in existing buildings (DS)
EV3 - Evaluate programs to expand EV charger deployment on private property, including
rebates and financing options (e.g. on-bill financing, etc.) (UTL, S)
EV4 - Develop a plan for expanding EV charging infrastructure in the public right-of-way and
on publicly-owned property. (PW, DS, UTL, S)
EV5 - Expand EV deployment in City fleet (PW, S)
EV6 - Support regional EV group-buy programs (UTL)
EV7 - Build public awareness of EV options through communications, RideAndDrive events,
etc. (UTL, DS)
KPIs: GHG emissions. EV penetration.
4
4 Rapier, Robert. “U.S. Electric Vehicle Sales Soared In 2016”. Forbes, 5 February 2017.
ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Powering transportation through Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV) as opposed to fossil fuel powered Internal
Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles can significantly reduce GHGs and reduce climate pollution. The electric
vehicle landscape is evolving rapidly as less expensive and longer ranged vehicles come on line. Because
the largest portion of Palo Alto’s GHG emissions are from road transportation, Palo Alto is actively
encouraging its residents and non-resident commuters to adopt ZEVs to help reduce its carbon
footprint—through policies, incentives and provision of EV charging infrastructure. (Lead departments:
Sustainability, Utilities, Public Works)
EV
Palo Alto has one of the highest EV ownership rates in the country - estimated by staff at 3-4%
of registered vehicles. In 2016 Palo Alto surpassed Saratoga, Los Altos, and Los Gatos to
become the #1 city in California by percentage of new vehicles that are electric. Following a 5%
decline in sales from 2014 to 2015, U.S. EV sales jumped by 37% in 20164 and “range anxiety” is
softening as 200-300 mile range EVs hit the market.
Attachment A: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan
Sustainability Implementation Plan 2018-2020 Page 10 of 10
GOALS
Reduce water consumption
Ensure adequate water supply from sustainable sources
Protect canopy, creeks, groundwater and the bay
STRATEGIC MOVES
Explore incorporating an evaluation of the costs and benefits of non-potable water
sources to supplement potable sources, as well as a high-level “water balance” chart, into
a single strategic planning document (such as the Water Integrated Resources Plan) (UTL,
PW, DS, S)
KEY ACTIONS
WAT1 - Develop programs and ordinances to maximize water efficiency (UTL, PW, DS)
WAT2 - Develop programs and ordinances to facilitate the use of non-traditional, non-potable
water sources (e.g. graywater, storm water, black water, etc.) (DS, PW, UTL)
WAT3 - Develop Recycled Water Strategic Plan and explore the most effective uses of recycled
water, both inside and outside Palo Alto (PW, UTL, DS)
WAT4 - Develop a Green Storm Water Infrastructure Plan to better capture and infiltrate
storm water back into the hydrologic cycle. (PW, DS)
WAT5 - Reduce salinity of Palo Alto’s recycled water to increase desirability of use (PW, UTL)
KPIs: Per capita water use. Percentage recycled water use.
Perhaps more than most of the other SIP elements, Water management will require extensive
public engagement, since many people will assume the “drought” is over, or bristle at rising
water rates as deeper consumption cuts take hold (and cling to their attachment to lawns).
WATER
Palo Alto has done an outstanding job of meeting annual water use reduction requirements of the
current “drought.” But both potable water supplies and hydroelectric needs could be challenged by long-
term shifts in California’s precipitation regime. With shifting climate patterns, and significant long-term
water supply uncertainty, it would be prudent to reduce water consumption while exploring ways to
capture and store water, as well as to increase the availability and use of recycled water. (Lead
departments: Utilities, Public Works)
Attachment B: S/CAP Definition of Terms
Definition of Terms
2016-2030 Sustainability and Climate Action Plan (S/CAP) – An ambitious plan to reduce the
city and community’s greenhouse gas emissions to meet climate protection goals and to
address broader issues of sustainability, such as land use and biological resources. S/CAP
includes an overall Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reduction target, Guiding Principles, Design
Principles, Decision Criteria, Chapters, Goals, Strategies, Actions, and 2030 Performance
Targets. Staff anticipates reviewing and revising the SCAP for 2020 and every five years
thereafter.
Overall Target – The overall GHG reduction target of the S/CAP - achieving an 80%
reduction in Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) below 1990 levels by 2030 – was unanimously
approved by Council on April 18, 2016.
Framework – The S/CAP Framework includes the Guiding Principles, Decision Criteria,
Design Principles, and key Goals and Strategies. The Framework is the road map for
development of the Sustainability Implementation Plans, and was adopted unanimously
by Council on Nov. 28, 2016.
Chapter – The topic-specific sustainability levers outlined in the S/CAP. These include:
Mobility; Energy; Water Management; Zero Waste & Circular Economy; Municipal
Operations; Climate Adaptation & Resilience; Regeneration & Natural Environment;
Financing Strategies; Community Behavior, Culture, and Innovation; and Utility of the
Future.
Goals – The desired results or intended outcomes for each S/CAP Chapter that will
contribute to achieving overall S/CAP overall targets.
Strategies – The overarching approaches for meeting the S/CAP Goals for each S/CAP
Chapter
Actions – Specific actions, measures, or policies designed to fulfill S/CAP Strategies for
each S/CAP Chapter.
Principles and Criteria – Guiding principles, design principles and decision criteria to
assist Staff in developing, refining and selecting near term strategies that support the
City’s long-term vision and goals.
2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan (2018-2020 SIP) – A near-term plan outlining
goals from the S/CAP Framework and key actions for 2018 to 2020. Goals and key actions are
grouped in four key areas: Energy, Mobility, Electric Vehicles and Water Management. Staff
anticipates creating a new near-term SIP every three years.
2020-2030 Sustainability Implementation Plans (2020-2030 SIPs) – Specific strategies and
actions for each S/CAP chapter, to be determined based on the experience of implementing the
2018-2020 SIP. Staff anticipates creating a new SIP every three years.
How Will the Comprehensive Plan Update & the
Sustainability & Climate Action Plan Work Together?
Palo Alto’s Comprehensive Plan
Update and the Sustainability and Climate Action Plan (S/CAP) are be-
ing prepared in parallel and will both
address issues related to sustainability,
including reducing greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions and single occu-
pant vehicle trips, conserving energy,
water, and other natural resources,
and adapting to expected changes in
climate and resulting impacts such
as sea level rise, drought, increased
flooding and fire risk, etc. The fol-
lowing points describe how these two
concurrent planning efforts interact
with each other.
The Comprehensive Plan Update will
embrace principles of sustainability
via new goals, policies, and imple-
mentation programs, particularly in
the Transportation, Land Use & Com-
munity Design, Natural Environment,
and Safety elements of the updated
plan. A subcommittee of the Citizens
Advisory Committee has been formed
to work across elements on this issue.
Also, the use of icons or a special sec-
tion in the final plan can allow readers
to find goals, policies, and programs
related to sustainability and climate
change adaption wherever they occur
in the document.
The Comprehensive Plan Update will
describe the intent and scope of the
Sustainability and Climate Action Plan and explicitly incorporate the
plan by reference, similar to how
other important community plans
will be referenced (e.g. the Baylands
Master Plan; the Local Hazard Mitiga-
tion Plan; the Parks, Trails and Open
Space Master Plan; the Urban Forest
Master Plan, etc.).
As a more focused plan, the Sus-tainability and Climate Action Plan
will be much more specific than the
Comprehensive Plan Update when
it comes to strategies for reducing
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and
for addressing other sustainability-re-
lated topics. The Sustainability and
Climate Action Plan will also look
out farther than the Comprehensive
Plan Update horizon year of 2030.
Both the Comprehensive Plan Up-
date and the Sustainability and Cli-mate Action Plan will require review
pursuant to the California Environ-
mental Quality Act (CEQA) and the
Draft Environmental Impact Report
(EIR) that is being prepared for the
Comprehensive Plan Update will con-
tain a conservative (i.e. probably high)
forecast of community-wide GHG
emissions in the year 2030. The Sus-
tainability and Climate Action Plan
will be more aspirational in assuming
aggressive emission reductions.
Finalization, adoption and imple-
mentation of the Sustainability and
Climate Action Plan will be included
as a mitigation measure in the Com-
prehensive Plan Update Draft EIR to
ensure that the City meets or exceeds
the State’s targets for GHG emission
reductions in 2030 and 2050.
Palo Alto’s Comprehen-
sive Plan Update and
the Sustainability and
Climate Action Plan
are being prepared in
parallel and will both
address issues related to
sustainability.
Interested in helping craft solutions to
the critical issues facing us now and
into the future? Join us at the Sustain-
ability and Climate Action Summit:www.cityofpaloalto.org/scapreg
Attachment D: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan FAQs
2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan (SIP) FAQ’s
Have we set interim greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions targets?
No, just the 80x30 target; we'll manage reduction trends, rather than attempt to
manage them on a year to year basis. That said, we estimate that the Key Actions
outlined in the 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan and other actions (aside
from purchasing carbon offsets) could enable Palo Alto to reduce GHG emissions to
more than 50% of 1990 levels by 2020 as the SIP is implemented—but this will depend
on the pace of implementation.
What GHG emissions reductions will we achieve in FY 18?
Palo Alto’s recently approved Carbon Neutral Natural Gas Plan will help us reduce
reportable GHG emissions to about 54% of 1990 levels. By purchasing carbon offsets for
our natural gas emissions, Palo Alto will finance cost-effective GHG reductions
elsewhere, while we continue to explore ways to further reduce natural gas use and
emissions through efficiency and electrification initiatives.
What are carbon offsets?
A carbon offset is a financial instrument that "offsets" one actor's GHG emissions by
investing in reducing the GHG emissions of another actor, generally to provide greater
emission reductions at lower cost. Common examples include tree planting and clean-
energy projects ranging from distributing efficient cook stoves in Africa to capturing
methane gas from landfill sites to generating methane from dairy waste. Offsets are
subject to rigorous certification protocols, and are sold in units of metric tons of carbon
dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e).) Offsets are a bridge, not a solution. Offsets move capital
in support of further GHG emissions reductions.
How will the City of Palo Alto use offsets?
Palo Alto’s “Carbon Neutral Natural Gas Plan” achieves carbon neutrality for the gas
supply portfolio by 1) purchasing high-quality environmental offsets equivalent to our
City and community natural gas emissions (~29% of our carbon footprint); 2) pursuing
efficiency strategies to reduce natural gas use, and 3) seeking opportunities to fund local
offsets that finance actual emissions reductions in Palo Alto and the surrounding region.
Natural gas offsets will help us reduce reportable GHG emissions to about 54% of 1990
levels. (See also: The Role and Prices of RECs and Offsets in Climate and Energy Plans1)
What are the carbon savings from electrification?
The City Council approved a Carbon Neutral Electric Resource Plan in March 2013 -
committing Palo Alto to using carbon neutral electric resources. This makes our town
1 https://epicenergyblog.com/2016/04/27/the-role-and-prices-of-recs-and-offsets-in-climate-and-energy-plans/
Attachment D: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan FAQs
2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan FAQ’s Page 2 of 4
one of only a handful of places on Earth that is using 100%* carbon-neutral electricity.
(*Note: This refers to emissions from electricity generation, not the construction of
generating facilities.)
In keeping with the City's efforts to combat climate change, this plan effectively
eliminates all GHG emissions from the City's electric portfolio. The Carbon Neutral Plan
achieves carbon neutrality for the electric supply portfolio at a cost expected to be less
than $0.001/kWh above the already anticipated cost of $0.004/kWh to meet the City’s
renewable energy portfolio standard goal.
In 2012, before the Carbon Neutral Plan was approved, GHG emissions related to brown
power supply were 145,404 MT of CO2e, or about 25% of our total GHG emissions.
What is the future evolution of the City’s carbon neutral electric portfolio?
When the Carbon Neutral Electric Plan was approved, the City initially purchased short-
term renewable resources and/or renewable energy certificates (RECs) to supplement
existing and committed long-term renewable and hydroelectric resources.
Moving forward, long-term renewable resources will provide about a 50% RPS level
within the existing 0.5 ₵/kWh annual RPS rate limit. Since about 50% of the electric
supply portfolio is already sourced from carbon-free hydroelectric resources, the
additional cost of achieving carbon neutrality between 2017 and 2020 is very small.
What are product life cycle emissions and consumption-based emissions?
Product life cycle emissions (also called “embodied emissions”) are all the emissions
associated with the production and use of a specific product, from cradle to grave,
including emissions from raw materials, manufacture, transport, storage, sale, use and
disposal. These are not reportable under our GHG reporting protocols, but they do
represent real climate impacts generated by City and community purchases and use of
products.
Consumption-based emissions are emissions associated with local consumption of
goods and services, regardless of where they were produced. Emissions tied to goods
produced locally for export are typically
excluded.
The life cycle emissions approach
encompasses the full lifecycle emissions of
goods and services. Emissions are estimated
based on spending by households and
government entities, and in certain inventory
approaches, certain types of purchases made
by businesses (e.g., capital and inventory
formation).
Attachment D: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan FAQs
2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan FAQ’s Page 3 of 4
Unsurprisingly, this type of emissions accounting typically results in a much higher total
carbon footprint as it counts global, not just local, emissions related to a community’s
economic activity.
For Palo Alto, the estimate is more than three times our currently reportable emissions.
More than half of this impact is tied to consumption of food, goods and services. The
remainder comes from home energy use and transportation fuels - the traditional
focus of many urban sustainability programs.
Household consumption contributes the majority of consumption-based emissions
with government and businesses contributing the remainder.
The majority of consumption based emissions come from three categories: vehicles
and parts, appliances (including heating/cooling) and food.
Does Palo Alto include airport and air-travel emissions in its GHG calculations?
Airport emissions are considered consumption-based emissions, and are not included in
community GHG emissions inventories. GHG emissions related to air travel are not
reportable in community GHG emissions inventory (but would be included in a
consumption-based GHG emissions inventory, presenting an estimated 6% of total
household carbon footprint).
Why is the City of Palo Alto building more parking garages? Won't that encourage people to
drive instead of using other means to get downtown?
The City Manager and staff (as well as the 1998 Comp Plan and the ongoing update)
envision a future in which the use of single occupant vehicles will decline, reducing the
need for parking. We are actively nurturing this vision with policies and actions in
Downtown and elsewhere (including establishment of the TMA, introduction of parking
pricing, more effective management of the parking we already have, and development
of Mobility As A Service solutions through our Federal Transit Administration grant and
other programs). This future will also be advanced by changes in the marketplace, such
as the expansion of ridesharing companies and the development and deployment of
autonomous vehicles.
Meanwhile, we need to address today’s challenges, including current parking demand,
without precluding or discouraging future progress, and without wasting resources.
We’ll also need to anticipate how current parking lots could be redeveloped with other
uses as parking demand declines in the future.
How is the Sustainability Implementation Plan being integrated with the Comprehensive Plan
Update?
Palo Alto’s Comprehensive Plan Update and the 2017-2020 Sustainability
Implementation Plan are being developed in parallel; both address issues related to
sustainability, including reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and single occupant
Attachment D: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan FAQs
2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan FAQ’s Page 4 of 4
vehicle trips, conserving energy, water, and other natural resources, and adapting to
expected changes in climate and resulting impacts such as sea level rise, drought,
increased flooding and fire risk, etc.
The Comprehensive Plan Update embraces principles of sustainability via new goals,
policies, and implementation programs, particularly in the Transportation, Land Use &
Community Design, Natural Environment, and Safety elements of the updated plan. A
subcommittee of the Citizens Advisory Committee worked across elements on this issue.
The S/CAP and the SIP will in some cases be more specific than the Comprehensive Plan
Update with regard to GHG reduction strategies and addressing other sustainability-
related topics.
Both the Comprehensive Plan Update and the Sustainability Implementation Plan will
require review pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA); the
Environmental Impact Report (EIR) that is being prepared for the Comprehensive Plan
Update will contain a conservative (i.e. probably high) forecast of community-wide GHG
emissions in the year 2030.
Attachment E: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background
2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan (SIP) Background
In response to Council questions on June 5, staff has prepared this informational report, which
both brings forward specific data from the Sustainability and Climate Action Plan (S/CAP)
presented to Council April 2016 (and the 2015 analyses that supported it), provides additional
background and context to Council concerns, and clarifies the prioritization logic behind staff
recommendations. Staff prepared, as requested, a shorter, more tightly focused FY18
Sustainability Implementation Plan (SIP) for Council review.
1. GHG Reduction Budget
To achieve an 80% reduction target by 2030, Palo Alto will need to meet a target “GHG
reduction budget” of about 224,600 MT CO2e. The S/CAP analysis projected that
117,900 MT CO2e, or more than half of the needed additional reductions, can come
from mobility related measures, 97,200 MT CO2e, or just under half from efficiency and
fuel switching measures (largely in buildings), and 9,500 MT CO2e, or 4% from
continuation and extension of Palo Alto’s zero waste initiatives.1
1.1. 80x30 GHG Reduction Budget (MT CO2e)2
1 As explained in detail in the S/CAP, BAU1 represents the impacts of State measures already in force. BAU2
represents existing PA initiatives. If Palo Alto does nothing more than these, projected emissions will be ~368,000
mT by 2030. If Palo Alto enacts the measures proposed in the S/CAP, projected emissions will be ~153,000 mT.
2 Palo Alto emissions in the 1990 baseline year are estimated at 765,920 MT CO2e, a restatement of prior
estimates of 780,119 MT CO2e due to changes in “Lifecycle Emissions from Annual Total Waste placed in Landfills”
and “Landfilling Recyclable Material” emissions, which have been updated based on the most recent EPA Waste
Reduction Model (WARM) methodology
Complete
In Progress
Proposed
Remaining
Attachment E: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background
2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background Page 2 of 8
1.2. Scale of projected reductions from each strategy/action (in order of cost-
effectiveness)
This “waterfall” chart summarizes the estimated emissions reduction potential of the
proposed strategies (which is broken out in more detail in the table following).
Attachment E: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background
2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background Page 3 of 8
1.3. S/CAP Strategies to Achieve 80 x 30 Goal3
This table summarizes the estimated emissions reduction potential of the
proposed strategies, and the key jurisdictions responsible for implementation
of each measure.
Levers Goals Strategy 2030 Performance Target GHG
Avoided
in 2030
(MT
CO2e)
Percent of
Total
_S/CAP_
Emissions
Reductions
Percent of
Reductions
from 1990
Baseline
Jurisdiction
PA = Palo
Alto
R = Regional
S = State
Re
t
h
i
n
k
i
n
g
M
o
b
i
l
i
t
y
Expand
non-auto
mobility
options
T-FAC-1. Expand bicycle
infrastructure
Increase bike boulevard
miles to 26 miles
Increase in bike mode share
to 30%
8,400
4% 1% PA
T-FAC-2. Expand transit
options
Increase transit ridership by
60%
19,200
9% 2% PA, R
T-FAC-3. Grow ridesharing
services and mobility apps
Increase in rideshare mode
6,400
3% 1% PA
Create
right
financial
incentives
T-INC-1. Provide universal
transit passes
75% of residents and
employees have universal
transit passes
7,600
3% 1% PA
T-INC-2. Implement parking
pricing and “feebates”
50% of sites have parking
pricing
18,400
8% 2% PA
Adapt land
use
patterns
T-LU-1. Increase zero-
impact, mixed use housing
Target 2.95 jobs-housing
ratio
2,900
1% 0.5% PA
Reduce
carbon
intensity of
vehicles
T-EV-1. Electrify Palo Alto-
based vehicles
90% of vehicles based in
Palo Alto are zero emission
25,200
11% 3% PA
T-EV-2. Electrify inbound
vehicles
50% of inbound (not based
in Palo Alto) vehicles are
zero emission
29,800
13% 4% PA, R
El
e
c
t
r
i
f
y
i
n
g
o
u
r
C
i
t
y
Reduce use
in existing
businesses
NG-COMM-1. Electrify
water heating in businesses
85% of commercial water
heating is electric
21,200
9% 3% PA, S
NG-COMM-2. Electrify
space heating in businesses
85% of commercial space
heating is electric
15,900
7% 2% PA, S
NG-COOK-1. Electrify
commercial cooking
50% of commercial cooking
is electric
11,300
5% 1% PA, S
Reduce use
in existing
homes
NG-RES-1. Electrify
residential water heating
Close to 100% of water
heaters are electric
13,600
6% 2% PA, S
NG-RES-2. Electrify
residential space heating
70% of residential space
heating is electric
23,300
10% 3% PA, S
Reduce use
in new
buildings
NG-GAS-1. Encourage all-
electric new buildings
New buildings are zero net
energy ahead of state
targets
11,900
5% 2% PA, S
Ze
r
o
W
a
s
t
e
Enhance
programs $
infrastructu
re
SW-1. Achieve zero waste Achieve 95% diversion rate
9,500
4% 2% PA
TOTAL 224,600 100% 29%
3 The figures in this table are estimates based on staff and consultant analyses of potential GHG reductions from
each strategy. These estimates are built on documented assumptions, and are subject to many variables (including
technology and costs) that could change over the 2030 horizon. (The Percent of Total _S/CAP_ Emissions
Reductions does not appear to total 100% due to rounding of the individual items.)
Attachment E: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background
2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background Page 4 of 8
2. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Mitigation Costs
This “McKinsey Chart” summarizes the abatement potential, cost and required
investment of GHG mitigation options. The height of each box represents the average
net cost of abating one ton of CO2e (carbon dioxide equivalent) through that activity.
The chart is ordered left to right, from the lowest mitigation cost opportunities to the
highest. The opportunities that appear below the horizontal axis offer net financial
savings; opportunities that appear above the horizontal axis are expected to come at a
net cost.
2.1. Figure: GHG Abatement Cost Curve
Attachment E: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background
2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background Page 5 of 8
3. Action priorities
3.1. Prioritizing Actions by GHG Impact and Mitigation Cost
The relative GHG reduction impacts and associated “mitigation costs” to
achieve those reductions (in $/mT CO2e reduction) are shown in the figure
below. The measures further to the right indicate greater GHG reduction
impact; the measures higher on the chart indicate more favorable economics.
The ovals highlight proposed implementation priorities (reflecting impact, cost
and feasibility).
Priority 1: Electrify Palo Alto-based and inbound vehicles
Priority 2: Encourage all-electric new buildings; Provide universal transit passes
Priority 3: Expand transit options; implement parking pricing
($700)
($600)
($500)
($400)
($300)
($200)
($100)
$0
$100
$200
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000
Ma
r
g
i
n
a
l
A
b
a
t
e
m
e
n
t
C
o
s
t
(
$
/
M
T
C
O
2
e
)
Emissions Avoided in 2030 (MT CO2e)Expand bicycle infrastructure
Expand transit options
Grow ridesharing services and
mobility apps
Provide universal transit
passes
Implement parking pricing
Electrify Palo Alto-based
vehicles
Electrify inbound vehicles
Electrify water heating in
businesses
Electrify space heating in
businesses
Electrify commercial cooking
Electrify residential water
heating
Electrify residential space
heating
Encourage all-electric new
buildings
1
2
3
Attachment E: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background
2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background Page 6 of 8
4. Climate Action Plan Practices
Local Climate Action Plans vary in scope and depth, but there are common elements in
all of them. The Climate Action Plans we reviewed—a few of which are summarized
below—all had a main GHG reduction goal; supporting goals; strategies to support the
goals; and measures or actions for each strategy. There were only two areas that every
Climate Action Plan included: Transportation and Energy.
4.1. Table Comparing Scope and Depth of Selected Climate Action Plans
Jurisdiction/Agency To
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City of New York, NY 216 27 14 14 121 15 23 2 27 23 16
City of Portland, OR 144 46 21 20 29 3 14 11 21
City of Palo Alto, CA (SCAP) 127 32 20 26 23 10 9 7 5 20 12
City of Cambridge, MA 98 41 10 30
5 12 11
City of Palo Alto, CA (SIP) 77 17 12 11 11 10 9 7 5
Port of San Diego, CA 68 31 14 12 5 3 3
City of Copenhagen,
Denmark 64 17 18 29
City of National City, CA 61 11 14 12 7 12 5
San Diego Association of
Governments 59 11 12 12 6 12 6
City of San Francisco, CA 50 25 5 7
4 9
City of Boulder, CO 41 8 13 7 3 7 3 3
City of Burlington, VT 39 7 3 16 3 1 3 6 3
City of Vancouver, Canada 37 4 3 11 4 11 4 6 8
City of Santa Monica, CA4 15 3 1 3 2 1 4 1
4 A 2013 plan focused on 15 measures to deliver 15% GHG reduction by 2015.
Attachment E: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background
2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background Page 7 of 8
5. Community Engagement5
City staff has relied on the contributions of community members and other stakeholders
(in addition to consultants from DNV GL and Rocky Mountain Institute) in shaping its
sustainability efforts. These include:
5.1. A community climate summit on January 24, 2016 brought together more
than 500 engaged and committed citizens (including most Councilmembers)
who worked on the challenges of water, energy, and transportation.
5.2. The City hosted an open-invitation “Climate Ideas Expo” in November 2018 to
invite ideas from the community to help advance the City’s sustainability goals.
This dynamic event introduced the S/CAP and highlight global best practices
and municipal advancements in sustainability. More than 80 community
members participated; 18 presented “poster sessions” proposing initiatives to
advance sustainability and climate action in Palo Alto and the region.6
5.3. About 40 local and national experts participated in a day-long SCAP design
charrette in October 2014 to frame the SCAP approach, share best practices,
etc.
5.4. 400+ people participated in a richly textured on-line poll identifying
community concerns and priorities
5.5. Staff engaged regularly with members of the Urban Sustainability Directors
Network to share and validate analyses, best practices and practical concerns
in the development and adoption of climate plans.
5.6. An SCAP advisory board, appointed by City Manager, met every month or two
through the SCAP development process to advise and guide staff and
consultants
Fahmida Ahmed, Stanford Sustainability
Lisa Altieri, Go CO2 Free
Karrie Armel, Stanford
Jim Baer, Palo Alto Land Use
Stuart Bernstein, Goldman Sachs
Bruce Cahan, Urban Logic
Peter Drekmeier, Tuolumne River Trust
Jessica Epstein, Silicon Valley Association of Realtors
Marianna Grossmann, Sustainable Silicon Valley (former director)
Russell Hancock, Joint Venture Silicon Valley
Walt Hays, CEAP
Bruce Hodge, Carbon Free Palo Alto
AC Johnston, Morrison Foerster
Judy Kleinberg, Palo Alto Chamber
5
http://www.cityofpaloalto.org/services/sustainability/sustainability_and_climate_action_plan/community_engage
ment/default.asp
6 http://www.cityofpaloalto.org/civicax/filebank/documents/45052
Attachment E: 2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background
2018-2020 Sustainability Implementation Plan Background Page 8 of 8
Adina Levin, Friends of Caltrain
Demetra McBride, Santa Clara County
Melanie Nutter, SF Dept of Environment (former director)
Thomas Odenwald, SAP (former)
LisaMarie Santiago, VM Ware
Tony Seba, Stanford
Sandra Slater, Cool Block
Mitch Slomiak, Menlo Spark
Lisa Van Dusen, SV2
Kathi Vian, Institute for the Future
Mila Zelkha, Palantir