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HomeMy WebLinkAboutStaff Report 8083 City of Palo Alto (ID # 8083) City Council Staff Report Report Type: Informational Report Meeting Date: 5/22/2017 City of Palo Alto Page 1 Summary Title: Library Information Report Title: Responses to Questions From City Council Following the October 4, 2016, Joint Meeting With Library Advisory Commission From: City Manager Lead Department: Library Palo Alto City Council and the Library Advisory Commission attended a Joint Meeting on October 4, 2016. This informational report provides additional information to the topics that were discussed and questions that Council Members asked. Open Hours: Hours of Operation: Palo Alto City Library expanded its public service hours in September 2015. On days that the library is open, service hours begin at 10:00 am. Rinconada and Mitchell Park libraries are now open 10am-9pm, Monday-Thursday. Both libraries have extended hours on Sundays from 10am-6pm. Downtown library is currently closed on Monday and College Terrace library is closed on Mondays and Thursdays. Both libraries are now open 10am-6pm on open days. The libraries are open a combined total of 260 hours a week. A comparison chart with other Silicon Valley and Redwood City libraries is attached. College Terrace Library: Originally built in 1936, the approximately 2860 square feet College Terrace Library reopened in 2010 after a yearlong closure for upgrades and earthquake retrofitting. The cost estimate to open the library on Thursdays is $121.15/hour (salary, benefits and overhead). Operation costs for all the five branches is approximately $2,864.80/hour (see https://www.sanjoseca.gov/DocumentCenter/View/28146 for some larger library comparisons) Branch Salary & Benefits Overhead (variable costs like water and Collection (physical and Totals City of Palo Alto Page 2 electricity)* virtual) Children's $511.58 $19.71 $43.77 $575.06 College Terrace $121.15 $19.71 $47.89 $188.76 Downtown $186.37 $19.71 $43.08 $249.16 Mitchell Park $948.31 $19.71 $76.55 $1,044.57 Rinconada $724.74 $19.71 $62.80 $807.26 Totals $2,492.14 $98.57 $274.09 $2,864.80 Note: Individual library overhead costs are not available. Total overhead costs were split between the libraries. Expansion of “teen only” hours: Final Cram Slam is one of Mitchell Park library’s most popular teen programs. Offered on Fridays and Saturdays from 6pm-9pm in May and December during finals week, this program attracted an audience of 150 to 200 teens last fiscal year. While no formal plans have been made to expand “teen only” hours, many of the library’s online learning tools are available 24/7. In FY18, the library is also planning to subscribe to Brainfuse, an online tutoring service that provides one-on-one online homework help, test prep, resume help and skills building services. Brainfuse will be available Monday through Sunday between 1-10 pm. Circulation Statistics: Today, libraries are a vibrant active learning and community space in addition to being repositories of books and other materials. A typical patron might visit the library for many reasons – to find materials or information, to attend a program, to use the library’s internet stations, to access free wireless, to study, work or socialize with friends, or to use the meeting or community rooms. As libraries have transformed themselves in response to the community needs, historical measurements of library use need to be reviewed along with metrics of success for new services. In line with the national and regional trends, Palo Alto library’s circulation has dropped in comparison to the previous years. However, every other metric - visitor count, programming attendance, online resource usage and community room and meeting room usage have increased. Additionally, in the last year, the Palo Alto community has been able to enjoy the offerings of the newly renovated Mitchell Park library. Mitchell Park’s Children’s Area, which is as large as the public service space in Children’s Library, in particular has become a destination for many families. As a result, the Children’s Library’s visitor counts and checkouts have seen a decline. Clarification on the term “Youth librarians”: Both libraries have librarians who are professionally-trained (Master’s degrees) librarians specially trained to work with children and teens, along with parents and caregivers. City of Palo Alto Page 3 Facilities: The concept of libraries emerging as a critical community space is most clearly demonstrated by the growing use of meeting spaces available at three of the five libraries in Palo Alto. In FY16, the library had a total of 8,695 uses of the meeting spaces. Based on user ratings, patrons seem to be very satisfied with this feature. They have rated this service between 4.5-5 stars on LiquidSpace and 4-5 stars on Yelp. Branch Reservations Downtown 1,352 Mitchell Park 3,113 Rinconada 4,230 Total 8,695 Collections and Programs: Palo Alto library has been closely monitoring changes in user demographics. As community needs are changing, the library has also responded by expanding relevant collections and programs. Foreign Language Collection: The attached 2011-15 American Community Survey indicates that 30% of the population is Asian. Other surveys also indicate that the community speaks many languages in addition to English– Spanish, Hebrew, Persian, Russian, Mandarin, Korean, Japanese and several Indian languages. The library has a robust and popular foreign language collection. An attachment of the library’s foreign language collection list is provided. Diverse Programming: In the last year, the library launched a New Americans Program series with programs ranging from Welcome to America series, ESL Conversation Group, Beyond the Basics, ESL Book Club and Citizenship classes. The library’s youth department also offers bilingual story times in Mandarin, Spanish, Russian and Persian. Several multi-cultural festivals and displays have also been well received by the community. The library also offers volunteer opportunities that include recruiting expert retirees in the area to assist with ESL and technology classes. A discussion about the library’s collections and programs would be incomplete without mentioning online learning opportunities provided by the many subscription databases and ebooks. In FY16, database and ebook usage increased by 96.7%. The library’s database list for FY18 is attached. While there is no formal plan to offer this now, some Massive Open Online Courses classes use the meeting rooms to meet-up to work together. City of Palo Alto Page 4 3D Printing: The library also has a reputation of providing popular technology related services and programming. In 2016, the library introduced 3D printing at the Rinconada and the Downtown library. Launched in September 2016, this highly sought-after service attracted 90 curious families. While this service was mostly used for recreational purposes, teens Justin and Sri developed, designed, and constructed a prototype traffic calming / pedestrian safety system for their elementary school using 3D parts printed at PACL! Unfortunately, this service is not available at the Mitchell Park Library at this time as 3D printing impacts air quality that could compromise the library’s LEED Platinum status if we seek recertification. At this time too, there is not a way to place the 3D printer in a printer room, like other copiers, as the device requires additional staff supervision.” Other Media definition: The library circulates items that are based on interests such as Watt metering devices & bocce balls (Downtown Library). Partnerships: The library collaborates and partners with many City departments and local organizations. MP teen center and library collaboration: The Library and the Mitchell Park Teen Center have been collaborating in the following areas:  Class Visits – The library’s middle school library tour includes a visit to the Teen Center.  Programs – MP Teen Center and the library work in partnership on several popular programs. Past examples include Festival of Colors, Finals Cram Slam, Nail Painting Party, International Games Days, and Toy Drive.  Publicity – Both organizations share each other's programs on social media on Facebook and tag all teen groups including the library’s TLAB and clickPA, and the Teen Center teen group, The Drop. Little Free Libraries: These libraries are not sponsored by the library. FOPAL has occasionally placed their donated items into these stations as an advertisement. See https://littlefreelibrary.org/ for more information. Attachments:  Attachment A: SVLS and Redwood City Library Open Hours  Attachment B: PACL Digital Resources Services FY 17-18  Attachment C: Non English language items  Attachment D: ACS Demographic and Housing estimates SVLS and Redwood City Library Open Hours Library Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Los Gatos 11-8 11-8 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-5 12-5 (Sept- May) 10-3 (Jun-Aug) Mountain View 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-6 10-6 1-5 Palo Alto Rinconada (formerly Main) 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-6 10-6 10-6 Children's 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 1-5 College Terrace closed 10-6 10-6 closed 10-6 10-6 closed Downtown closed 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 closed Mitchell Park 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-6 10-6 10-6 San Jose Martin Luther King, Jr. - Main 8-9 8-9 8-9 8-9 8-6 9-6 1-7 Almaden 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Dr.Roberto Cruz- Alum Rock 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Alviso 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Bascom 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Berryessa 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Biblio. Latinoamericana 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Calabazas 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Cambrian 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Edenvale 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Educational Park 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Evergreen 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Hillview 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Joyce Ellington 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Pearl Avenue 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Rose Garden 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Santa Teresa 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Seven Trees 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Tully Community 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Vineland 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed West Valley 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Willow Glen 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed East San Jose Carnegie 1-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 12-6 10-6 closed Santa Clara City Central Park 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-6 10-6 1-5 Mission Library and Family Reading Center 1-6 1-6 1-8 10-6 1-6 closed closed Northside Branch 11-8 11-8 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 closed Sunnyvale 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-6 10-6 12-6 Santa Clara County Campbell 1-9 1-9 10-9 10-6 10-6 10-6 closed Cupertino 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-6 10-6 12-6 Gilroy 1-9 1-9 1-9 10-6 10-6 10-6 closed Los Altos 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-7 10-7 10-7 Milpitas 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-7 10-7 10-7 Morgan Hill 1-9 Lobby 12-1 1-9 Lobby 12-1 1-9 Lobby 12-1 10-6 10-6 10-6 closed Saratoga 1-9 1-9 10-6 10-6 10-6 10-6 1-5 Woodland 11-8 11-8 11-8 11-5 11-5 11-5 closed Redwood City Downtown 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-9 10-5 10-5 12-5 Fair Oaks Branch 10-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 10-5 10-5 closed Schaberg Branch 10-7 10-7 10-7 10-7 closed 10-5 closed Redwood Shores 10-8 10-8 10-8 10-8 closed 10-5 12-5 PACL Digital Resources Services (FY 2017-18) Title Content Type Intended Audience NoveList Plus Reader's advisory resource All ages Novelist K-8 Plus Reader's advisory resource Elementary and middle school students Gale Database Package (Consortia package) Comprehensive information resources for the public; bundled usage data All ages Academic Onefile Biography Resource Center Biography database All ages Business and Company Resource Center Provides information on businesses Adults Chilton Library Detailed information for vehicle maintenance and repairs Adults Custom Newspapers Full-text newspaper database Adults Gale Virtual Reference Library (10 titles)Full-text reference books All ages Health and Wellness Resource Center Health and medicine resources Adults HistoryResource Center full-text periodicals, reference works, primary documents and scholarly analyses Informe Full-text articles from Spanish and Portuguese magazines and newspapers Adults InfoTrac OneFile with subset per databases Peer-reviewed, full-text scholarly content across the academic disciplines Adults Kids InfoBits Full-text articles with pictures in magazines, newspapers and reference books Elementary school students Literature Resource Center Full-text articles about authors, their works, and literary movements All ages Opposing Viewpoints Full-text articles covering all sides of social issues All ages Student Resource Center - Gold Full-text magazines providing articles highlighting significant ideas, discoveries, events and people from major eras in American and world history Middle and high school students ABC Mouse.com 3,500+ interactive books, educational games, puzzles, and other learning activities young learners (ages2-6+) American Physical Society Journals Physics Adults AtoZdatabases Business resources Adults Author Alerts service Customers subscribe to receive notification about newly added titles to the Library All ages Axis360 Electronic books, digital audio books and music All ages Bay Areas Consumers Checkbook Rates companies and services in the Bay area Adults BookFlix - Scholastic Streamed children's books; the only resource with fiction and nonfiction side by side for reading and learning Preschool and elementary BookLetters Weekly e-newsletters for Adults, Kids & Teens or browse the lists of bestsellers & award winners All ages California Mission Books Full text books for reports on California missions All ages Credo Reference Premium Full text of over 600 reference books that cover all subjects All ages Culturegram online Comprehensive homeowrk support Elementary school students Discover & Go Customers use it to obtain free passes to museums in the Bay area.All ages Encyclopedia Britannica Reference Comprehensive All ages Encyclopedia Britannica Kids Comprehensive for children Elementary and middle school students Enki Digital books published by small and independent press All ages Evanced Calendar Customers use it to register for library programs; library uses it for statistics All ages Evanced Summer Reader Customers use it to register for Summer Reading Program; staff use it for the program management All ages Foundation Center Freegal Music Streaming movies and music, more concentration on classic titles All ages Hoopla Streaming movies and music; more concentration on popular titles All ages Learning Express Comprehensive test preparation software for all ages All ages Mango Languages International langauges learning All ages Morningstar Financial data for investors Adults OverDrive Electronic books, digital audio books and music All ages Newsbank Online newspapers of local interest All ages Oxford English Dictionary Comprehensive All ages Proquest Ancestry Library Edition Geneology research Adults Proquest Heritage Quest Collection of the U.S. Federal Census records from 1790 through 1930, along with more than 25,000 fully searchable family and local history books, Freedman's records and more Mainly adults ProQuest NYT Historical Primary resource for students homework assistance Middle and high school students ProQuest Newspaper Direct Press Display, renamed Press Reader in 2016 Only resource for same day 3000 international newspapers in native languages All ages ProQuest Safari Tech Books Comprehensive collection of electronic books on science and technology All ages Rand California California statistical research Adults Social Studies Fact Cards A series of research resources designed for quick reference Elementary and middle school students Total Boox Juvenile books and books reviews Tumble Books Children's books online, only resource with bi-lingual books Preschool and elementary school students World Book Electronic version of the enclopedia All ages Zinio Popular magazines in digital form All ages Staff Tools Adobe Creative Cloud eBranch staff use for creating content for the library website; managers use it for creating marketing and other documents Better Impact Staff use for managing volunteer activitives CollectionHQ Staff use for managing, promoting and selecting library collection Lynda.com Mass360 Staff use for managing mobile devices OCLC Access Staff tool for creating records for online catalog Language # Items DEC 2016 # Items DEC 2015 # Items DEC 2014 Total Checkouts 2016 Checkouts 2015 Checkouts 2014 Checkouts Turnover Chinese 7,234 6,210 5,055 134,302 20,853 37,834 17,712 18.56539 French 1,323 438 276 77,073 5,056 1,747 842 58.25624 German 532 164 133 23,523 1,928 378 181 44.21617 Gujarati 103 109 109 150 45 61 18 1.456311 Hebrew 224 109 39 6,834 832 392 64 30.50893 Hindi 1,083 670 492 12,095 1,347 1,992 1,313 11.16805 Italian 617 197 142 28,009 2,312 359 73 45.39546 Japanese 380 49 6 26,481 1,669 446 46 69.68684 Korean 659 227 171 13,147 2,031 1,418 1,371 19.94992 Panjabi 98 110 110 124 12 18 1 1.265306 Persian 437 191 191 5,397 345 390 104 12.35011 Russian 2,637 2,375 1,912 28,053 5,547 7,136 3,467 10.63823 Spanish 3,316 3,533 3,334 63,341 6,635 13,084 9,208 19.10163 Vietnamese 69 42 4 804 58 50 12 11.65217 18,712 14,424 11,974 419,333 48,670 65,305 34,412 22.40984 Non-English Language Materials 2014 - 2016 DP05 ACS DEMOGRAPHIC AND HOUSING ESTIMATES 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Data and Documentation section. Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community Survey website in the Methodology section. Tell us what you think. Provide feedback to help make American Community Survey data more useful for you. Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and estimates of housing units for states and counties. Subject Palo Alto city, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error SEX AND AGE Total population 66,478 +/-41 66,478 (X) Male 32,849 +/-755 49.4%+/-1.1 Female 33,629 +/-756 50.6%+/-1.1 Under 5 years 3,248 +/-359 4.9%+/-0.5 5 to 9 years 4,121 +/-333 6.2%+/-0.5 10 to 14 years 5,110 +/-411 7.7%+/-0.6 15 to 19 years 3,924 +/-418 5.9%+/-0.6 20 to 24 years 3,046 +/-485 4.6%+/-0.7 25 to 34 years 8,274 +/-666 12.4%+/-1.0 35 to 44 years 9,603 +/-477 14.4%+/-0.7 45 to 54 years 10,130 +/-559 15.2%+/-0.8 55 to 59 years 4,324 +/-479 6.5%+/-0.7 60 to 64 years 3,171 +/-389 4.8%+/-0.6 65 to 74 years 5,841 +/-475 8.8%+/-0.7 75 to 84 years 3,458 +/-321 5.2%+/-0.5 85 years and over 2,228 +/-292 3.4%+/-0.4 Median age (years)41.1 +/-0.8 (X)(X) 18 years and over 51,101 +/-507 76.9%+/-0.8 21 years and over 49,361 +/-551 74.3%+/-0.8 62 years and over 13,245 +/-484 19.9%+/-0.7 65 years and over 11,527 +/-421 17.3%+/-0.6 18 years and over 51,101 +/-507 51,101 (X) Male 24,477 +/-662 47.9%+/-1.1 Female 26,624 +/-584 52.1%+/-1.1 65 years and over 11,527 +/-421 11,527 (X) Male 4,747 +/-284 41.2%+/-1.7 1 of 3 04/10/2017 Subject Palo Alto city, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error Female 6,780 +/-295 58.8%+/-1.7 RACE Total population 66,478 +/-41 66,478 (X) One race 63,421 +/-473 95.4%+/-0.7 Two or more races 3,057 +/-469 4.6%+/-0.7 One race 63,421 +/-473 95.4%+/-0.7 White 41,325 +/-904 62.2%+/-1.3 Black or African American 1,054 +/-369 1.6%+/-0.6 American Indian and Alaska Native 64 +/-104 0.1%+/-0.2 Cherokee tribal grouping 1 +/-5 0.0%+/-0.1 Chippewa tribal grouping 0 +/-28 0.0%+/-0.1 Navajo tribal grouping 0 +/-28 0.0%+/-0.1 Sioux tribal grouping 0 +/-28 0.0%+/-0.1 Asian 19,956 +/-748 30.0%+/-1.1 Asian Indian 3,463 +/-667 5.2%+/-1.0 Chinese 10,500 +/-794 15.8%+/-1.2 Filipino 477 +/-164 0.7%+/-0.2 Japanese 1,392 +/-346 2.1%+/-0.5 Korean 1,995 +/-599 3.0%+/-0.9 Vietnamese 654 +/-384 1.0%+/-0.6 Other Asian 1,475 +/-616 2.2%+/-0.9 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 70 +/-65 0.1%+/-0.1 Native Hawaiian 16 +/-26 0.0%+/-0.1 Guamanian or Chamorro 0 +/-28 0.0%+/-0.1 Samoan 0 +/-28 0.0%+/-0.1 Other Pacific Islander 54 +/-59 0.1%+/-0.1 Some other race 952 +/-436 1.4%+/-0.7 Two or more races 3,057 +/-469 4.6%+/-0.7 White and Black or African American 203 +/-108 0.3%+/-0.2 White and American Indian and Alaska Native 146 +/-88 0.2%+/-0.1 White and Asian 1,992 +/-415 3.0%+/-0.6 Black or African American and American Indian and Alaska Native 37 +/-42 0.1%+/-0.1 Race alone or in combination with one or more other races Total population 66,478 +/-41 66,478 (X) White 43,909 +/-898 66.1%+/-1.3 Black or African American 1,332 +/-371 2.0%+/-0.6 American Indian and Alaska Native 339 +/-169 0.5%+/-0.3 Asian 22,473 +/-754 33.8%+/-1.1 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 299 +/-161 0.4%+/-0.2 Some other race 1,308 +/-496 2.0%+/-0.7 HISPANIC OR LATINO AND RACE Total population 66,478 +/-41 66,478 (X) Hispanic or Latino (of any race)4,876 +/-674 7.3%+/-1.0 Mexican 2,901 +/-607 4.4%+/-0.9 Puerto Rican 99 +/-73 0.1%+/-0.1 Cuban 173 +/-126 0.3%+/-0.2 Other Hispanic or Latino 1,703 +/-383 2.6%+/-0.6 Not Hispanic or Latino 61,602 +/-684 92.7%+/-1.0 White alone 37,698 +/-1,011 56.7%+/-1.5 Black or African American alone 1,054 +/-369 1.6%+/-0.6 American Indian and Alaska Native alone 14 +/-17 0.0%+/-0.1 Asian alone 19,867 +/-740 29.9%+/-1.1 Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander alone 62 +/-61 0.1%+/-0.1 2 of 3 04/10/2017 Subject Palo Alto city, California Estimate Margin of Error Percent Percent Margin of Error Some other race alone 173 +/-145 0.3%+/-0.2 Two or more races 2,734 +/-455 4.1%+/-0.7 Two races including Some other race 214 +/-204 0.3%+/-0.3 Two races excluding Some other race, and Three or more races 2,520 +/-433 3.8%+/-0.7 Total housing units 27,555 +/-618 (X)(X) CITIZEN, VOTING AGE POPULATION Citizen, 18 and over population 42,853 +/-797 42,853 (X) Male 20,371 +/-686 47.5%+/-1.2 Female 22,482 +/-600 52.5%+/-1.2 Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these tables. For more information on understanding race and Hispanic origin data, please see the Census 2010 Brief entitled, Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010, issued March 2011. (pdf format) While the 2011-2015 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the February 2013 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) definitions of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities. Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2010 data. As a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011-2015 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Explanation of Symbols: 1. An '**' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate. 2. An '-' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. 3. An '-' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution. 4. An '+' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution. 5. An '***' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A statistical test is not appropriate. 6. An '*****' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate. 7. An 'N' entry in the estimate and margin of error columns indicates that data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of sample cases is too small. 8. An '(X)' means that the estimate is not applicable or not available. 3 of 3 04/10/2017