HomeMy WebLinkAbout2024-05-08 Planning & Transportation Commission Agenda PacketPLANNING AND TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION
Regular Meeting
Wednesday, May 08, 2024
Council Chambers & Hybrid
6:00 PM
Planning and Transportation Commission meetings will be held as “hybrid” meetings with the
option to attend by teleconference/video conference or in person. To maximize public safety
while still maintaining transparency and public access, members of the public can choose to
participate from home or attend in person. Information on how the public may observe and
participate in the meeting is located at the end of the agenda. Masks are strongly encouraged if
attending in person. The meeting will be broadcast on Cable TV Channel 26, live on
YouTube https://www.youtube.com/c/cityofpaloalto, and streamed to Midpen Media
Center https://midpenmedia.org. Commissioner names, biographies, and archived agendas and
minutes are available at http://bit.ly/PaloAltoPTC.
VIRTUAL PARTICIPATION CLICK HERE TO JOIN (https://cityofpaloalto.zoom.us/j/91641559499)
Meeting ID: 916 4155 9499 Phone: 1(669)900‐6833
PUBLIC COMMENTS
Public comments will be accepted both in person and via Zoom for up to three minutes or an
amount of time determined by the Chair. All requests to speak will be taken until 5 minutes
after the staff’s presentation. Written public comments can be submitted in advance to
Planning.Commission@CityofPaloAlto.org and will be provided to the Commission and available
for inspection on the City’s website. Please clearly indicate which agenda item you are
referencing in your subject line.
Spokespersons that are representing a group of five or more people who are identified as
present at the meeting at the time of the spokesperson's presentation will be allowed up to
fifteen (15) minutes at the discretion of the Chair, provided that the non‐speaking members
agree not to speak individually. The Chair may limit Public Comments to thirty (30) minutes for
all combined speakers. The Chair may reduce the allowed time to speak for Study Sessions and
Action Items to two (2) minutes or less to accommodate a larger number of speakers.
PowerPoints, videos, or other media to be presented during public comment are accepted only
by email to Planning.Commission@CityofPaloAlto.org at least 24 hours prior to the meeting.
Once received, the Clerk will have them shared at public comment for the specified item. To
uphold strong cybersecurity management practices, USB’s or other physical electronic storage
devices are not accepted.
Signs and symbolic materials less than 2 feet by 3 feet are permitted provided that: (1) sticks,
posts, poles or similar/other type of handle objects are strictly prohibited; (2) the items do not
create a facility, fire, or safety hazard; and (3) persons with such items remain seated when
displaying them and must not raise the items above shoulder level, obstruct the view or
passage of other attendees, or otherwise disturb the business of the meeting.
TIME ESTIMATES
Listed times are estimates only and are subject to change at any time, including while the
meeting is in progress. The Commission reserves the right to use more or less time on any item,
to change the order of items and/or to continue items to another meeting. Particular items may
be heard before or after the time estimated on the agenda. This may occur in order to best
manage the time at a meeting or to adapt to the participation of the public.
CALL TO ORDER/ ROLL CALL
PUBLIC COMMENT
Members of the public may speak to any item NOT on the agenda. Three (3) minutes per speaker.
AGENDA CHANGES, ADDITIONS AND DELETIONS
The Chair or Board majority may modify the agenda order to improve meeting management.
CITY OFFICIAL REPORTS
1.Director's Report, Meeting Schedule and Assignments
ACTION ITEMS
Public Comment is Permitted. Applicants/Appellant Teams: Fifteen (15) minutes, plus three (3) minutes rebuttal. All others:
Five(5) minutes per speaker.
2.Planning and Transportation Commission Recommendation to City Council to Certify
Supplemental Environmental Impact Report (SEIR) for and Adopt the North Ventura
Coordinated Area Plan (NVCAP), and to Adopt an Ordinance Adding Chapter 18.29 (North
Ventura (NV) District Regulations) and Amending Chapters 18.14, 18.24, and 16.65 in the
Palo Alto Municipal Code (PAMC) to Implement the NVCAP. 6:10 PM – 7:40 PM
3.Review and Provide Comments on the Final Draft Retail Study Report Supporting Palo
Alto’s Effort to Modernize Regulations and Ensure Vibrant Commercial Areas Citywide
7:40 PM – 8:40 PM
4.Election of Chair and Vice Chair 8:40 PM – 9:10 PM
APPROVAL OF MINUTES
Public Comment is Permitted. Three (3) minutes per speaker.
5.Approval of Planning & Transportation Commission Draft Summary & Verbatim Minutes
of December 13, 2023
COMMISSIONER QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, ANNOUNCEMENTS OR FUTURE MEETINGS AND
AGENDAS
Members of the public may not speak to the item(s).
ADJOURNMENT
PUBLIC COMMENT INSTRUCTIONS
Members of the Public may provide public comments to teleconference meetings via email,
teleconference, or by phone.
1. W r i t t e n p u b l i c c o m m e n t s m a y b e s u b m i t t e d b y e m a i l t o
planning.commission@cityofpaloalto.org.
2. Spoken public comments using a computer will be accepted through the
teleconference meeting. To address the Commission, click on the link below to access a
Zoom‐based meeting. Please read the following instructions carefully.
You may download the Zoom client or connect to the meeting in‐ browser. If using
your browser, make sure you are using a current, up‐to‐date browser: Chrome 30,
Firefox 27, Microsoft Edge 12, Safari 7. Certain functionality may be disabled in
older browsers including Internet Explorer.
You may be asked to enter an email address and name. We request that you
identify yourself by name as this will be visible online and will be used to notify you
that it is your turn to speak.
When you wish to speak on an Agenda Item, click on “raise hand.” The Clerk will
activate and unmute speakers in turn. Speakers will be notified shortly before they
are called to speak.
When called, please limit your remarks to the time limit allotted. A timer will be
shown on the computer to help keep track of your comments.
3. Spoken public comments using a smart phone will be accepted through the
teleconference meeting. To address the Commission, download the Zoom application
onto your phone from the Apple App Store or Google Play Store and enter the Meeting ID
below. Please follow the instructions above.
4. Spoken public comments using a phone use the telephone number listed below. When
you wish to speak on an agenda item hit *9 on your phone so we know that you wish to
speak. You will be asked to provide your first and last name before addressing the
Commission. You will be advised how long you have to speak. When called please limit
your remarks to the agenda item and time limit allotted.
CLICK HERE TO JOIN Meeting ID: 916 4155 9499 Phone:1‐669‐900‐6833
Americans with Disability Act (ADA) It is the policy of the City of Palo Alto to offer its public
programs, services and meetings in a manner that is readily accessible to all. Persons with
disabilities who require materials in an appropriate alternative format or who require auxiliary
aids to access City meetings, programs, or services may contact the City’s ADA Coordinator at
(650) 329‐2550 (voice) or by emailing ada@cityofpaloalto.org. Requests for assistance or
accommodations must be submitted at least 24 hours in advance of the meeting, program, or
service.
PLANNING AND TRANSPORTATION COMMISSIONRegular MeetingWednesday, May 08, 2024Council Chambers & Hybrid6:00 PMPlanning and Transportation Commission meetings will be held as “hybrid” meetings with theoption to attend by teleconference/video conference or in person. To maximize public safetywhile still maintaining transparency and public access, members of the public can choose toparticipate from home or attend in person. Information on how the public may observe andparticipate in the meeting is located at the end of the agenda. Masks are strongly encouraged ifattending in person. The meeting will be broadcast on Cable TV Channel 26, live onYouTube https://www.youtube.com/c/cityofpaloalto, and streamed to Midpen MediaCenter https://midpenmedia.org. Commissioner names, biographies, and archived agendas andminutes are available at http://bit.ly/PaloAltoPTC. VIRTUAL PARTICIPATION CLICK HERE TO JOIN (https://cityofpaloalto.zoom.us/j/91641559499)Meeting ID: 916 4155 9499 Phone: 1(669)900‐6833PUBLIC COMMENTSPublic comments will be accepted both in person and via Zoom for up to three minutes or anamount of time determined by the Chair. All requests to speak will be taken until 5 minutesafter the staff’s presentation. Written public comments can be submitted in advance toPlanning.Commission@CityofPaloAlto.org and will be provided to the Commission and availablefor inspection on the City’s website. Please clearly indicate which agenda item you arereferencing in your subject line.Spokespersons that are representing a group of five or more people who are identified aspresent at the meeting at the time of the spokesperson's presentation will be allowed up tofifteen (15) minutes at the discretion of the Chair, provided that the non‐speaking membersagree not to speak individually. The Chair may limit Public Comments to thirty (30) minutes forall combined speakers. The Chair may reduce the allowed time to speak for Study Sessions andAction Items to two (2) minutes or less to accommodate a larger number of speakers.PowerPoints, videos, or other media to be presented during public comment are accepted onlyby email to Planning.Commission@CityofPaloAlto.org at least 24 hours prior to the meeting.Once received, the Clerk will have them shared at public comment for the specified item. Touphold strong cybersecurity management practices, USB’s or other physical electronic storagedevices are not accepted.Signs and symbolic materials less than 2 feet by 3 feet are permitted provided that: (1) sticks,
posts, poles or similar/other type of handle objects are strictly prohibited; (2) the items do not
create a facility, fire, or safety hazard; and (3) persons with such items remain seated when
displaying them and must not raise the items above shoulder level, obstruct the view or
passage of other attendees, or otherwise disturb the business of the meeting.
TIME ESTIMATES
Listed times are estimates only and are subject to change at any time, including while the
meeting is in progress. The Commission reserves the right to use more or less time on any item,
to change the order of items and/or to continue items to another meeting. Particular items may
be heard before or after the time estimated on the agenda. This may occur in order to best
manage the time at a meeting or to adapt to the participation of the public.
CALL TO ORDER/ ROLL CALL
PUBLIC COMMENT
Members of the public may speak to any item NOT on the agenda. Three (3) minutes per speaker.
AGENDA CHANGES, ADDITIONS AND DELETIONS
The Chair or Board majority may modify the agenda order to improve meeting management.
CITY OFFICIAL REPORTS
1.Director's Report, Meeting Schedule and Assignments
ACTION ITEMS
Public Comment is Permitted. Applicants/Appellant Teams: Fifteen (15) minutes, plus three (3) minutes rebuttal. All others:
Five(5) minutes per speaker.
2.Planning and Transportation Commission Recommendation to City Council to Certify
Supplemental Environmental Impact Report (SEIR) for and Adopt the North Ventura
Coordinated Area Plan (NVCAP), and to Adopt an Ordinance Adding Chapter 18.29 (North
Ventura (NV) District Regulations) and Amending Chapters 18.14, 18.24, and 16.65 in the
Palo Alto Municipal Code (PAMC) to Implement the NVCAP. 6:10 PM – 7:40 PM
3.Review and Provide Comments on the Final Draft Retail Study Report Supporting Palo
Alto’s Effort to Modernize Regulations and Ensure Vibrant Commercial Areas Citywide
7:40 PM – 8:40 PM
4.Election of Chair and Vice Chair 8:40 PM – 9:10 PM
APPROVAL OF MINUTES
Public Comment is Permitted. Three (3) minutes per speaker.
5.Approval of Planning & Transportation Commission Draft Summary & Verbatim Minutes
of December 13, 2023
COMMISSIONER QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, ANNOUNCEMENTS OR FUTURE MEETINGS AND
AGENDAS
Members of the public may not speak to the item(s).
ADJOURNMENT
PUBLIC COMMENT INSTRUCTIONS
Members of the Public may provide public comments to teleconference meetings via email,
teleconference, or by phone.
1. W r i t t e n p u b l i c c o m m e n t s m a y b e s u b m i t t e d b y e m a i l t o
planning.commission@cityofpaloalto.org.
2. Spoken public comments using a computer will be accepted through the
teleconference meeting. To address the Commission, click on the link below to access a
Zoom‐based meeting. Please read the following instructions carefully.
You may download the Zoom client or connect to the meeting in‐ browser. If using
your browser, make sure you are using a current, up‐to‐date browser: Chrome 30,
Firefox 27, Microsoft Edge 12, Safari 7. Certain functionality may be disabled in
older browsers including Internet Explorer.
You may be asked to enter an email address and name. We request that you
identify yourself by name as this will be visible online and will be used to notify you
that it is your turn to speak.
When you wish to speak on an Agenda Item, click on “raise hand.” The Clerk will
activate and unmute speakers in turn. Speakers will be notified shortly before they
are called to speak.
When called, please limit your remarks to the time limit allotted. A timer will be
shown on the computer to help keep track of your comments.
3. Spoken public comments using a smart phone will be accepted through the
teleconference meeting. To address the Commission, download the Zoom application
onto your phone from the Apple App Store or Google Play Store and enter the Meeting ID
below. Please follow the instructions above.
4. Spoken public comments using a phone use the telephone number listed below. When
you wish to speak on an agenda item hit *9 on your phone so we know that you wish to
speak. You will be asked to provide your first and last name before addressing the
Commission. You will be advised how long you have to speak. When called please limit
your remarks to the agenda item and time limit allotted.
CLICK HERE TO JOIN Meeting ID: 916 4155 9499 Phone:1‐669‐900‐6833
Americans with Disability Act (ADA) It is the policy of the City of Palo Alto to offer its public
programs, services and meetings in a manner that is readily accessible to all. Persons with
disabilities who require materials in an appropriate alternative format or who require auxiliary
aids to access City meetings, programs, or services may contact the City’s ADA Coordinator at
(650) 329‐2550 (voice) or by emailing ada@cityofpaloalto.org. Requests for assistance or
accommodations must be submitted at least 24 hours in advance of the meeting, program, or
service.
PLANNING AND TRANSPORTATION COMMISSIONRegular MeetingWednesday, May 08, 2024Council Chambers & Hybrid6:00 PMPlanning and Transportation Commission meetings will be held as “hybrid” meetings with theoption to attend by teleconference/video conference or in person. To maximize public safetywhile still maintaining transparency and public access, members of the public can choose toparticipate from home or attend in person. Information on how the public may observe andparticipate in the meeting is located at the end of the agenda. Masks are strongly encouraged ifattending in person. The meeting will be broadcast on Cable TV Channel 26, live onYouTube https://www.youtube.com/c/cityofpaloalto, and streamed to Midpen MediaCenter https://midpenmedia.org. Commissioner names, biographies, and archived agendas andminutes are available at http://bit.ly/PaloAltoPTC. VIRTUAL PARTICIPATION CLICK HERE TO JOIN (https://cityofpaloalto.zoom.us/j/91641559499)Meeting ID: 916 4155 9499 Phone: 1(669)900‐6833PUBLIC COMMENTSPublic comments will be accepted both in person and via Zoom for up to three minutes or anamount of time determined by the Chair. All requests to speak will be taken until 5 minutesafter the staff’s presentation. Written public comments can be submitted in advance toPlanning.Commission@CityofPaloAlto.org and will be provided to the Commission and availablefor inspection on the City’s website. Please clearly indicate which agenda item you arereferencing in your subject line.Spokespersons that are representing a group of five or more people who are identified aspresent at the meeting at the time of the spokesperson's presentation will be allowed up tofifteen (15) minutes at the discretion of the Chair, provided that the non‐speaking membersagree not to speak individually. The Chair may limit Public Comments to thirty (30) minutes forall combined speakers. The Chair may reduce the allowed time to speak for Study Sessions andAction Items to two (2) minutes or less to accommodate a larger number of speakers.PowerPoints, videos, or other media to be presented during public comment are accepted onlyby email to Planning.Commission@CityofPaloAlto.org at least 24 hours prior to the meeting.Once received, the Clerk will have them shared at public comment for the specified item. Touphold strong cybersecurity management practices, USB’s or other physical electronic storagedevices are not accepted.Signs and symbolic materials less than 2 feet by 3 feet are permitted provided that: (1) sticks,posts, poles or similar/other type of handle objects are strictly prohibited; (2) the items do notcreate a facility, fire, or safety hazard; and (3) persons with such items remain seated whendisplaying them and must not raise the items above shoulder level, obstruct the view orpassage of other attendees, or otherwise disturb the business of the meeting.TIME ESTIMATES
Listed times are estimates only and are subject to change at any time, including while the
meeting is in progress. The Commission reserves the right to use more or less time on any item,
to change the order of items and/or to continue items to another meeting. Particular items may
be heard before or after the time estimated on the agenda. This may occur in order to best
manage the time at a meeting or to adapt to the participation of the public.
CALL TO ORDER/ ROLL CALL
PUBLIC COMMENT
Members of the public may speak to any item NOT on the agenda. Three (3) minutes per speaker.
AGENDA CHANGES, ADDITIONS AND DELETIONS
The Chair or Board majority may modify the agenda order to improve meeting management.
CITY OFFICIAL REPORTS
1.Director's Report, Meeting Schedule and Assignments
ACTION ITEMS
Public Comment is Permitted. Applicants/Appellant Teams: Fifteen (15) minutes, plus three (3) minutes rebuttal. All others:
Five(5) minutes per speaker.
2.Planning and Transportation Commission Recommendation to City Council to Certify
Supplemental Environmental Impact Report (SEIR) for and Adopt the North Ventura
Coordinated Area Plan (NVCAP), and to Adopt an Ordinance Adding Chapter 18.29 (North
Ventura (NV) District Regulations) and Amending Chapters 18.14, 18.24, and 16.65 in the
Palo Alto Municipal Code (PAMC) to Implement the NVCAP. 6:10 PM – 7:40 PM
3.Review and Provide Comments on the Final Draft Retail Study Report Supporting Palo
Alto’s Effort to Modernize Regulations and Ensure Vibrant Commercial Areas Citywide
7:40 PM – 8:40 PM
4.Election of Chair and Vice Chair 8:40 PM – 9:10 PM
APPROVAL OF MINUTES
Public Comment is Permitted. Three (3) minutes per speaker.
5.Approval of Planning & Transportation Commission Draft Summary & Verbatim Minutes
of December 13, 2023
COMMISSIONER QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, ANNOUNCEMENTS OR FUTURE MEETINGS AND
AGENDAS
Members of the public may not speak to the item(s).
ADJOURNMENT
PUBLIC COMMENT INSTRUCTIONS
Members of the Public may provide public comments to teleconference meetings via email,
teleconference, or by phone.
1. W r i t t e n p u b l i c c o m m e n t s m a y b e s u b m i t t e d b y e m a i l t o
planning.commission@cityofpaloalto.org.
2. Spoken public comments using a computer will be accepted through the
teleconference meeting. To address the Commission, click on the link below to access a
Zoom‐based meeting. Please read the following instructions carefully.
You may download the Zoom client or connect to the meeting in‐ browser. If using
your browser, make sure you are using a current, up‐to‐date browser: Chrome 30,
Firefox 27, Microsoft Edge 12, Safari 7. Certain functionality may be disabled in
older browsers including Internet Explorer.
You may be asked to enter an email address and name. We request that you
identify yourself by name as this will be visible online and will be used to notify you
that it is your turn to speak.
When you wish to speak on an Agenda Item, click on “raise hand.” The Clerk will
activate and unmute speakers in turn. Speakers will be notified shortly before they
are called to speak.
When called, please limit your remarks to the time limit allotted. A timer will be
shown on the computer to help keep track of your comments.
3. Spoken public comments using a smart phone will be accepted through the
teleconference meeting. To address the Commission, download the Zoom application
onto your phone from the Apple App Store or Google Play Store and enter the Meeting ID
below. Please follow the instructions above.
4. Spoken public comments using a phone use the telephone number listed below. When
you wish to speak on an agenda item hit *9 on your phone so we know that you wish to
speak. You will be asked to provide your first and last name before addressing the
Commission. You will be advised how long you have to speak. When called please limit
your remarks to the agenda item and time limit allotted.
CLICK HERE TO JOIN Meeting ID: 916 4155 9499 Phone:1‐669‐900‐6833
Americans with Disability Act (ADA) It is the policy of the City of Palo Alto to offer its public
programs, services and meetings in a manner that is readily accessible to all. Persons with
disabilities who require materials in an appropriate alternative format or who require auxiliary
aids to access City meetings, programs, or services may contact the City’s ADA Coordinator at
(650) 329‐2550 (voice) or by emailing ada@cityofpaloalto.org. Requests for assistance or
accommodations must be submitted at least 24 hours in advance of the meeting, program, or
service.
PLANNING AND TRANSPORTATION COMMISSIONRegular MeetingWednesday, May 08, 2024Council Chambers & Hybrid6:00 PMPlanning and Transportation Commission meetings will be held as “hybrid” meetings with theoption to attend by teleconference/video conference or in person. To maximize public safetywhile still maintaining transparency and public access, members of the public can choose toparticipate from home or attend in person. Information on how the public may observe andparticipate in the meeting is located at the end of the agenda. Masks are strongly encouraged ifattending in person. The meeting will be broadcast on Cable TV Channel 26, live onYouTube https://www.youtube.com/c/cityofpaloalto, and streamed to Midpen MediaCenter https://midpenmedia.org. Commissioner names, biographies, and archived agendas andminutes are available at http://bit.ly/PaloAltoPTC. VIRTUAL PARTICIPATION CLICK HERE TO JOIN (https://cityofpaloalto.zoom.us/j/91641559499)Meeting ID: 916 4155 9499 Phone: 1(669)900‐6833PUBLIC COMMENTSPublic comments will be accepted both in person and via Zoom for up to three minutes or anamount of time determined by the Chair. All requests to speak will be taken until 5 minutesafter the staff’s presentation. Written public comments can be submitted in advance toPlanning.Commission@CityofPaloAlto.org and will be provided to the Commission and availablefor inspection on the City’s website. Please clearly indicate which agenda item you arereferencing in your subject line.Spokespersons that are representing a group of five or more people who are identified aspresent at the meeting at the time of the spokesperson's presentation will be allowed up tofifteen (15) minutes at the discretion of the Chair, provided that the non‐speaking membersagree not to speak individually. The Chair may limit Public Comments to thirty (30) minutes forall combined speakers. The Chair may reduce the allowed time to speak for Study Sessions andAction Items to two (2) minutes or less to accommodate a larger number of speakers.PowerPoints, videos, or other media to be presented during public comment are accepted onlyby email to Planning.Commission@CityofPaloAlto.org at least 24 hours prior to the meeting.Once received, the Clerk will have them shared at public comment for the specified item. Touphold strong cybersecurity management practices, USB’s or other physical electronic storagedevices are not accepted.Signs and symbolic materials less than 2 feet by 3 feet are permitted provided that: (1) sticks,posts, poles or similar/other type of handle objects are strictly prohibited; (2) the items do notcreate a facility, fire, or safety hazard; and (3) persons with such items remain seated whendisplaying them and must not raise the items above shoulder level, obstruct the view orpassage of other attendees, or otherwise disturb the business of the meeting.TIME ESTIMATESListed times are estimates only and are subject to change at any time, including while themeeting is in progress. The Commission reserves the right to use more or less time on any item,to change the order of items and/or to continue items to another meeting. Particular items maybe heard before or after the time estimated on the agenda. This may occur in order to bestmanage the time at a meeting or to adapt to the participation of the public.CALL TO ORDER/ ROLL CALLPUBLIC COMMENT Members of the public may speak to any item NOT on the agenda. Three (3) minutes per speaker.AGENDA CHANGES, ADDITIONS AND DELETIONSThe Chair or Board majority may modify the agenda order to improve meeting management.CITY OFFICIAL REPORTS1.Director's Report, Meeting Schedule and AssignmentsACTION ITEMSPublic Comment is Permitted. Applicants/Appellant Teams: Fifteen (15) minutes, plus three (3) minutes rebuttal. All others:Five(5) minutes per speaker.2.Planning and Transportation Commission Recommendation to City Council to CertifySupplemental Environmental Impact Report (SEIR) for and Adopt the North VenturaCoordinated Area Plan (NVCAP), and to Adopt an Ordinance Adding Chapter 18.29 (NorthVentura (NV) District Regulations) and Amending Chapters 18.14, 18.24, and 16.65 in thePalo Alto Municipal Code (PAMC) to Implement the NVCAP. 6:10 PM – 7:40 PM3.Review and Provide Comments on the Final Draft Retail Study Report Supporting PaloAlto’s Effort to Modernize Regulations and Ensure Vibrant Commercial Areas Citywide7:40 PM – 8:40 PM4.Election of Chair and Vice Chair 8:40 PM – 9:10 PMAPPROVAL OF MINUTESPublic Comment is Permitted. Three (3) minutes per speaker.5.Approval of Planning & Transportation Commission Draft Summary & Verbatim Minutesof December 13, 2023COMMISSIONER QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, ANNOUNCEMENTS OR FUTURE MEETINGS ANDAGENDAS
Members of the public may not speak to the item(s).
ADJOURNMENT
PUBLIC COMMENT INSTRUCTIONS
Members of the Public may provide public comments to teleconference meetings via email,
teleconference, or by phone.
1. W r i t t e n p u b l i c c o m m e n t s m a y b e s u b m i t t e d b y e m a i l t o
planning.commission@cityofpaloalto.org.
2. Spoken public comments using a computer will be accepted through the
teleconference meeting. To address the Commission, click on the link below to access a
Zoom‐based meeting. Please read the following instructions carefully.
You may download the Zoom client or connect to the meeting in‐ browser. If using
your browser, make sure you are using a current, up‐to‐date browser: Chrome 30,
Firefox 27, Microsoft Edge 12, Safari 7. Certain functionality may be disabled in
older browsers including Internet Explorer.
You may be asked to enter an email address and name. We request that you
identify yourself by name as this will be visible online and will be used to notify you
that it is your turn to speak.
When you wish to speak on an Agenda Item, click on “raise hand.” The Clerk will
activate and unmute speakers in turn. Speakers will be notified shortly before they
are called to speak.
When called, please limit your remarks to the time limit allotted. A timer will be
shown on the computer to help keep track of your comments.
3. Spoken public comments using a smart phone will be accepted through the
teleconference meeting. To address the Commission, download the Zoom application
onto your phone from the Apple App Store or Google Play Store and enter the Meeting ID
below. Please follow the instructions above.
4. Spoken public comments using a phone use the telephone number listed below. When
you wish to speak on an agenda item hit *9 on your phone so we know that you wish to
speak. You will be asked to provide your first and last name before addressing the
Commission. You will be advised how long you have to speak. When called please limit
your remarks to the agenda item and time limit allotted.
CLICK HERE TO JOIN Meeting ID: 916 4155 9499 Phone:1‐669‐900‐6833
Americans with Disability Act (ADA) It is the policy of the City of Palo Alto to offer its public
programs, services and meetings in a manner that is readily accessible to all. Persons with
disabilities who require materials in an appropriate alternative format or who require auxiliary
aids to access City meetings, programs, or services may contact the City’s ADA Coordinator at
(650) 329‐2550 (voice) or by emailing ada@cityofpaloalto.org. Requests for assistance or
accommodations must be submitted at least 24 hours in advance of the meeting, program, or
service.
Item No. 1. Page 1 of 2
Planning & Transportation Commission
Staff Report
From: Planning and Development Services Director
Lead Department: Planning and Development Services
Meeting Date: May 8, 2024
Report #: 2404-2917
TITLE
Director's Report, Meeting Schedule and Assignments
RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that the Planning and Transportation Commission (PTC) review and
comment as appropriate.
BACKGROUND
This document includes the following items:
PTC Meeting Schedule
PTC Representative to City Council (Rotational Assignments)
Upcoming PTC Agenda Items
Commissioners are encouraged to contact Veronica Dao (Veronica.Dao@CityofPaloAlto.org) to
notify staff of any planned absences one month in advance, if possible, to ensure the
availability of a PTC quorum. PTC Representative to City Council is a rotational assignment
where the designated commissioner represents the PTC’s affirmative and dissenting
perspectives to Council for quasi-judicial and legislative matters.
Representatives are encouraged to review the City Council agendas
(https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/City-Hall/City-Council/Council-Agendas-Minutes) for the
months of their respective assignments to verify if attendance is needed or contact staff.
Prior PTC meetings are available online at https://midpenmedia.org/category/government/city-
of-palo-alto/boards-and-commissions/planning-and-transportation-commission.
UPCOMING PTC ITEMS
These are placeholder dates targeted for items listed below; the dates for items may change.
Item 1
Staff Report
Packet Pg. 5
Item No. 1. Page 2 of 2
May 29, 2024
•830 Los Trancos Road Site and Design Review of SFR (PDS)
•Zoning Code clarifications/ state law implementation (PDS and OOT)
•Supplemental EIR for proposed CIP for Comprehensive Plan Consistency (PDS)
June 12, 2024
•660 University Avenue (PDS) - ARB on 4-18-24 forwarded the project (PDS)
•4075 El Camino Way; Palo Alto Commons second initiation meeting with parking study (PDS)
June 26, 2024
•Dark Skies and Bird Safe Design draft ordinance (PDS)
•Municipal Code cleanup regarding bicycle parking facilities (OOT)
July 10, 2024/August 14, 2024
•Housing Incentive Program (HIP) to implement HE program 3.4 (PDS)
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment A: 2024 Meeting Schedule & Assignments
AUTHOR/TITLE:
Amy French, Chief Planning Official
Item 1
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Planning & Transportation Commission
2024 Meeting Schedule & Assignments
2024 Schedule
Meeting Dates Time Location Status Planned Absences
1/10/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Cancelled
1/31/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
2/14/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Canceled
2/28/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
3/13/2024 5:00 PM Hybrid Special
Joint Meeting w/ HRC
3/27/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular Hechtman
4/10/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
4/15/2024 5:30 PM Hybrid Joint Meeting w/ Council
4/24/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
5/8/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular Lu
5/29/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
6/12/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
6/26/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
7/10/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
7/31/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Canceled
8/14/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular Templeton
8/28/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
9/11/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
9/25/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
10/9/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
10/30/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
11/13/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
11/27/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
12/11/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular
12/25/2024 6:00 PM Hybrid Cancelled
2024 Assignments - Council Representation (primary/backup)
January February March April May June
Cari Templeton
Keith Reckdahl
Bart Hechtman
Doria Summa
Bryna Chang
George Lu
Doria Summa
Allen Akin
Keith Reckdahl
Cari Templeton
George Lu
Bryna Chang
July August September October November December
Allen Akin
Bart Hechtman
Doria Summa
George Lu
Bart Hechtman
Keith Reckdahl
Cari Templeton
Bryna Chang
George Lu
Bart Hechtman
Doria Summa
Cari Templeton
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Attachment A - PTC 2024
Schedule & Assignments
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Planning & Transportation Commission
Staff Report
From: Planning and Development Services Director
Lead Department: Planning and Development Services
Meeting Date: May 8, 2024
Report #: 2402-2621
TITLE
Planning and Transportation Commission Recommendation to City Council to Certify
Supplemental Environmental Impact Report (SEIR) for and Adopt the North Ventura
Coordinated Area Plan (NVCAP), and to Adopt an Ordinance Adding Chapter 18.29 (North
Ventura (NV) District Regulations) and Amending Chapters 18.14, 18.24, and 16.65 in the Palo
Alto Municipal Code (PAMC) to Implement the NVCAP.
RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommend the Planning and Transportation Commission (PTC) recommend that the City
Council:
1. Certify the Supplemental Environmental Impact Report (SEIR), make all required findings
under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), including a Statement of
Overriding Considerations, and adopt the Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program.
2. Adopt the NVCAP, including staff recommended modifications to the NVCAP detailed in
Attachment F.
3. Adopt a Draft Ordinance (Attachment A) to:
a. Add a new Chapter 18.29 (North Ventura (NV) District Regulations) in the Palo
Alto Municipal Code and make other amendments to Title 18 (Zoning) to
implement the NVCAP
b. Amend Chapter 16.65 (Citywide Affordable Housing Requirements) to
incorporate increased NVCAP requirements
c. Amend the Zoning District Map and re-zone parcels within the NVCAP area
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
On March 8, 2024, the City released the Revised Public Draft North Ventura Coordinated Area
Plan (NVCAP) along with Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Report (SEIR) to solicit
public comment on both documents. The 45-day comment period required by the California
Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) ended on April 22, 2024. Staff received three public
comment letters and one oral comment. The City will address comments on the Draft SEIR in
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the Final SEIR, which will be considered by the Council before making a decision on the
environmental analysis and the NVCAP.
The Revised Public Draft NVCAP is a major milestone; a culmination of extensive community
outreach reflecting input from decision-makers and stakeholders during multiple public
hearings on the plan alternatives, and the refinement of the Council-endorsed preferred
alternative plan by consultants and staff. The Revised Public Draft NVCAP streamlines the
chapter organization, eliminates redundancies in earlier NVCAP drafts, and incorporates the
feedback received from both the PTC and Architectural Review Board (ARB) on the previous
versions, wherever feasible and appropriate. The Draft NVCAP includes chapters on
Introduction, Visions, Design Standards (divided into four chapters), and Implementation.
In addition to the Revised Public Draft NVCAP and Draft SEIR, staff prepared a draft zoning
ordinance to implement the plan. A new chapter (18.29) will be added to the Palo Alto
Municipal Code (PAMC) to establish new NV zoning districts and standards specific to the
NVCAP. The report outlines the methodology used to develop the zoning ordinance and
explains its relationship to the 2023-2031 Housing Element (Housing Element) and 2030
Comprehensive Plan (Comprehensive Plan). The draft NVCAP zoning ordinance in Attachment B
reflects feedback received from ARB during its study session on April 18, 2024.
Following the PTC’s recommendation and publication of a Final SEIR, the project will be
reviewed by Council for a final decision in June 2024. The current draft of the NVCAP is
available here for review: www.paloalto.org/nvcap. Attachment B includes the proposed
ordinance and Attachment C includes a link to the Draft SEIR.
BACKGROUND
Planning Area
The 60-acre NVCAP area lies within the Ventura neighborhood, bounded by Page Mill Road, El
Camino Real, Lambert Avenue, and the Caltrain tracks. The plan area is near key community
destinations such as the California Avenue Caltrain Station, California Avenue Business District,
and Stanford Research Park. The plan area represents a rare opportunity to plan proactively for
a transit-oriented, mixed-use neighborhood.
Coordinated Area Plan
The City’s Comprehensive Plan, adopted in 2017, called for site specific planning in the North
Ventura area. The City secured grant funding in 2017 to initiate the NVCAP project. On March 5,
2018, the City Council adopted seven goals and six objectives (Attachment D). Goals include
adding to the City’s supply of multi-family housing, developing a transit accessible neighborhood
with retail services, creating a connected street grid, developing community facilities, and
encouraging sustainability.
Coordinated Area Plan Review Process
Development of the coordinated area plan followed the process contained within PAMC 19.10,
Coordinated Area Plans. This chapter provides details on the initiation, the process procedures,
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including the creation of goals and objectives; community involvement (the formation of a
working group); public hearings, and adoption.
The development of the NVCAP has involved many public hearings, including Working Group and
community meetings. Table 1 highlights the key milestones in the process to date. Additional
information on prior meetings can be found on the NVCAP project website at
www.paloalto.org/nvcap.
Table 1: Notable Project Milestones
Date Milestone
November 6, 2017 City Council initiated the coordinated area plan process
March 5, 2018 City Council adopted Goals & Objectives for the plan
April 30, 2018 City Council appointed members of the working group
March 10, 2021 PTC recommendation on preferred plan
January 10, 2022
November 14, 2022
City Council endorsed a preferred plan alternative
City Council further refined the endorsed plan
May 2023 Public Draft NVCAP published
May 31, 2023
June 1, 2023
June 8, 2023
Study Session with Planning and Transportation Commission
Study Session with Architectural Review Board
Study Session with Historic Resource Board
March 8, 2024 Revised Public Draft NVCAP and Draft SEIR released
April 18, 2024 Study Session with Architectural Review Board on the Draft
Zoning Ordinance and public hearing to solicit oral comments
on the Draft SEIR
April 22, 2024 45-day Public Comment Period ended
Required Contents of the Area Plan
In accordance with PAMC Chapter 19.10, coordinated area plans shall include the following:
The distribution, location, and extent of land uses.
The proposed distribution, location, and extent of major components of public and
private transportation, sewage, water, drainage, solid waste disposal, energy, and other
public improvements proposed to be located within the area covered by the plan.
A program of measures including development regulations, public works projects, and
financing measures necessary to carry out the plan as coordinated with the City’s capital
improvement program.
Standards and criteria by which development will proceed, if needed.
Specific architectural and site design objectives and requirements, including the scale of
the streets, building orientation, placement and design of public parks or plazas, and
sidewalk treatments.
Determination of the economic feasibility of the plan.
Environmental review with the maximum extent feasible tiering from the comprehensive
Plan Environmental Impact Report.
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Endorsed Plan Concept
As referenced in Table 1 above, the City Council endorsed a preferred land use plan for NVCAP in
January 2022 and further refined the endorsed plan in November 2022. The draft plan that was
released in May 2023 included further refinements of the preferred plan by staff and its
consultants to reconcile requirements in State law, ensuring that typical community
development principles were applied such as land use transitions and consistency with the City’s
objective development standards. Attachment C summarizes the endorsed preferred alternative
and the refinements by Council.
Sobrato Development Agreement
In parallel to the NVCAP process, the Sobrato Organization, LLC (Sobrato) proposed the 200
Portage Avenue Townhome Project, which included demolition of a portion of the cannery
building at 340 Portage Avenue to accommodate the townhome development with 91 dwelling
units. As an alternative to the initial submittal from Sobrato, in September 2023, the City
approved a Development Agreement with Sobrato for the redevelopment of a combined project
site encompassing 14.65 acres at 200-404 Portage Avenue, 3040-3250 Park Boulevard, 3201-
3225 Ash Street, and 278 Lambert Avenue. The development agreement included demolition of
a portion of the cannery site to accommodate the townhome development. It also included
dedication to the City of approximately 3.25 acres of land adjacent to Matadero Creek for park
and affordable housing uses. The development agreement was approved by the City in October
2023 and became effective November 1, 2023. When the 10-year term of the development
agreement ends, conformance with the NVCAP will be required for all new projects in the
development agreement area. The Sobrato development is generally consistent with the NV-R3
development standards. However, because the project was submitted and entitled prior to
adoption of the NVCAP, it is not subject to the new NVCAP standards.
ANALYSIS
The following discussion describes the draft NVCAP document and staff’s proposed revisions
since the release of the public review draft in March 2024. The discussion and analysis also
describe the NVCAP zoning ordinance including the methodology for the proposed zoning
implementation approach, and a summary of the proposed development standards. The draft
NVCAP and zoning implementation discussion also outline Housing Element and Comprehensive
Plan consistency.
NVCAP Goals and Objectives
In the early stages of the NVCAP process, Council adopted the following six goals that were
intended to help guide the development of the NVCAP consistent with the Comprehensive Plan:
1. Housing and Land Use: Add multifamily housing in a transit-accessible neighborhood
with mixed uses.
2. Transit, Pedestrian and Bicycle Connections: Create well-defined connections to transit
and major roads.
3. Connected Street Grid: Create a connected street grid.
4. Community Facilities and Infrastructure: Integrate development of new services with
private development.
5. Balance of Community Interests: Balance community-wide objectives with residents.
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6. Urban Design, Design Guidelines and Neighborhood Fabric: Develop human-scale design
and guidelines that strengthen neighborhood fabric.
Supporting these goals are six objectives:
Use a Data Driven Approach
Create a Comprehensive User-Friendly Document and Implementation
Provide a Guide and Strategy for Staff and Decision-Makers
Include Meaningful Community Engagement
Determine Economic Feasibility
Complies with California Environmental Quality Act
Throughout the process, staff and their consultants ensured that the development of the plan
was substantially consistent with the goals and objectives. Attachment D summarizes the
consistency with these goals and objectives.
NVCAP Summary
The NVCAP represents a rare opportunity to plan proactively for a
transit-oriented, mixed-use, mixed-income, and walkable neighborhood. The NVCAP sets forth
a vision that honors the storied history and unique character of the North Ventura
neighborhood; understands the needs of current residents and puts forward near-term
solutions to current challenges; establishes a long-term framework for desired growth so that
more people can call North Ventura home; and invests in community infrastructure to support
an equitable, resilient, and sustainable Palo Alto.
In addition to aligning with the goals and policies embedded in the Comprehensive Plan, NVCAP
reflects a vision shaped by the Palo Alto community. This plan would not be possible without
the guidance of stakeholders, decision-makers, residents, and other community members, who
volunteered their time as members of the Working Group to thoughtfully consider the
challenges and opportunities of the Plan. The following summarizes the content of the NVCAP,
released in March 2024:
Chapter 1: Introduction provides an overview of the NVCAP physical and regulatory
context. The plan is shaped by the project goals and objectives, adopted and in-progress
City plans and policies, recently enacted regional and state laws, and the comprehensive
community planning process.
Chapter 2: Vision provides an overview of the vision for the future of NVCAP built and
natural environment. This includes urban design frameworks that calibrate the optimal
mix of uses; support a multi-modal mobility framework within the neighborhood and
how it connects to the rest of the city and the region; foster a regenerative and
ecological framework to support the health of humans and wildlife while supporting the
implementation of City’s Climate Action Plan; and the neighborhood’s context-specific
urban form.
Design Standards and Guidelines include requirements that govern the construction and
modification of the public realm including streets and open space, as well as new
buildings. Standards are quantifiable, whereas guidelines are qualitative requirements.
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o Chapter 3: Public Realm includes requirements and guidelines that govern the
construction and modifications of the public realm including the sidewalk zone,
traffic lanes and intersections, green infrastructure, paving, exterior lighting,
wayfinding, and public art.
o Chapter 4: Accessibility and Mobility includes the requirements and guidelines
that govern improvements related to multi-modal frameworks described in
Chapter 2. This chapter includes standards and guidelines on pedestrian realm,
bike network, gateway intersections, street sections for each street in the plan
area, transit access, vehicle circulation and parking, as well as transportation
demand management.
o Chapter 5: Parks includes the requirements and guidelines that govern
improvements within park and open space areas such as Matadero Creek and
the future public park.
o Chapter 6: Buildings provides guidance on desired future built form and sets
aspirations for how new buildings will contribute to the character of the NVCAP
as it develops incrementally over time. This chapter discusses building heights
and massing, retail and active frontage, Portage Avenue frontage, residential
frontage and sustainable design.
Chapter 7: Implementation outlines the necessary steps to fulfill the vision of the plan,
including funding, financing strategies, and capital investments.
Revised Public Draft NVCAP
The draft NVCAP, which was published initially in May 2023, was presented for study session
reviews to the PTC on May 31, 20231 and ARB on June 1, 20232. Please review those reports for
more detail.
The draft NVCAP has been further revised since the May 2023 release. Comments received from
the PTC in May 2023 and ARB in June 2023 were incorporated, wherever appropriate and
feasible, into the revised Public Draft NVCAP published on March 8, 2024 along with Draft SEIR.
The PTC and ARB’s earlier comments and staff responses are included in the matrix in Attachment
E.
In addition to incorporating comments received from the PTC and ARB staff made further
refinements to the document. The NVCAP text was revised for consistency, chapters were
reorganized to remove redundancy, references to PAMC sections and policy documents were
added, and minor corrections were made for accuracy. Specific revisions staff would like to
highlight include:
Content in Chapter 7 (Implementation) was incorporated into other chapters and
duplicate information was removed.
Chapter 4, previously titled “Streets” was renamed and expanded (now titled Accessibility
and Mobility).
1 May 31, 2023 PTC Staff Report: https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/Departments/Planning-Development-
Services/Planning-and-Transportation-Commission-PTC/Current-PTC-Agendas-Minutes
2 May 31, 2023 PTC Staff Report: https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/agendas-minutes-
reports/agendas-minutes/architectural-review-board/2023/arb-6.01-nvcap.pdf
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o Chapter 4 included street design standards and guidelines along with street
section illustrations for all streets within the plan area.
o Chapter 4 now incorporates more elaborated mobility considerations, previously
outlined as implementable actions in Chapter 7, as new standards and guidelines.
While developing the zoning ordinance implementing the NVCAP, staff identified areas where
further modifications to the NVCAP document were required for consistency and feasibility.
These modifications, which resulted from close collaboration with the Office of Transportation
staff, are primarily focused on alterations to the gateway intersections and street sections in
Chapter 4 (Accessibility and Mobility). Other modifications include minor text and graphic
revisions. The staff recommended modifications are described in Attachment F.
Zoning Implementation
Staff prepared a draft ordinance (Attachment A) to implement the NVCAP by rezoning the
parcels within the NVCAP area and establishing development standards to guide development.
Each zoning district within the plan area is identified with the prefix, North Ventura (NV), to
clearly identify the NVCAP zoning designations. The new zoning district standards reflect the
varying residential and mixed-use densities anticipated within the plan area. Table 2 below
summarizes the relationship between the NVCAP land use designations and the PAMC zoning
district regulations. Figure 1 depicts the location of each proposed NVCAP zoning district.
Table 2: NVCAP Land Use Designation & Proposed Zoning District Crosswalk
NVCAP Land Use
Classification
Anticipated
Density
(DU/AC)
Maximum
Height (FT)
Maximum Floor
Area Ratio (FAR)
Allowed Zoning
Districts
High-Density
Mixed-Use
61-100 65 3.0:1 NV-MXH
Medium-Density
Mixed-Use
31-70 55 2.0:1 NV-MXM
Low-Density
Mixed-Use
3-17 35 0.5:1 NV-MXL
High Density
Residential
61-100
61-100
65
65
3.0:1
3.0:1
NV-R4
NV-PF
Medium Density
Residential
16-30 45 1.5:1 NV-R3
Low Density
Residential
1 or 2 units/lot 30 0.45:1 NV-R2
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NVCAP Land Use
Classification
Anticipated
Density
(DU/AC)
Maximum
Height (FT)
Maximum Floor
Area Ratio (FAR)
Allowed Zoning
Districts
NV-R1
Parks NV-PF
Figure 1: NVCAP Proposed PAMC Zoning Designation Map
Staff notes that Figure 1 reflects the future vision for the entire NVCAP area. However, in
accordance with the Sobrato Development Agreement (Ordinance #5595), areas that were
rezoned to Planned Community in accordance with the Development Agreement will not be
rezoned as part of the adoption of the draft ordinance. The City Council may consider rezoning
and redesignating these parcels once the Development Agreement has expired.
Zoning Districts and Development Standards
To create the development standards for each of the new NVCAP zoning districts in Chapter
18.29, staff reviewed comparable existing zoning districts in the PAMC. Development standards
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and permitted uses within each of the NVCAP zoning districts were selected to align with
NVCAP's goals, including the addition of 530 net new dwelling units. These standards primarily
focus on density, FAR, height limits, and setback requirements. To eliminate duplicate
information in the new chapter, staff incorporated existing regulations by reference to existing
PAMC sections. Table 3 compares the proposed NV zoning districts with existing comparable
zoning districts.
Table 3: Comparable Zoning Districts
Proposed NVCAP
Zoning District
Existing Comparable Zoning District
NV-R1
NV-R2 R-1, R-2
NV-R3 RM-30
NV-R4 RM-40
NV-MXL
NV-MXM
NV-MXH
RM-30, RM-40 for residential;
Primarily CS and CN for non-residential
Density
To establish appropriate density for the NVCAP plan, staff used a one-acre lot as the base to
calculate realistic density for each land use designation. Several factors were considered in the
density calculation, including building height directed by City Council, NVCAP land use
designations, and an average unit size of 1,250 square feet to promote diversity in unit sizes
within the plan area. Staff employed different FAR levels and the average unit size to arrive at a
density and building size appropriate for each new NVCAP zoning district. The goal was to
utilize typical building typologies to achieve the designated densities within each land use. For
the NV-MXL zone, which only applies to three properties in the plan area, the focus was on
maintaining existing building sizes and ensuring smooth transitions to neighboring properties.
Notably, the NVCAP zoning districts (except for NV-R1 and NV-R2) do not prescribe a maximum
density, choosing instead to regulate building size through maximum FAR and allowing
developers to determine the number of units to propose within that building envelope.
Summary of Proposed NVCAP Zoning Chapter
The NVCAP zoning ordinance chapter mirrors other zoning designation chapters, with dedicated
sections for applicability, zoning districts, definitions, permitted uses, development standards,
parking and loading, and special requirements.
In addition to typical development standards, the NVCAP ordinance includes special
requirements specific to the plan area, including office use restrictions, storefront guidelines, and
ground floor commercial use regulations.
The NVCAP ordinance originally included an NVCAP-specific housing incentive program for 100%
affordable projects. Upon further review, however, staff determined that the program did not
offer any meaningful incentive that was not already available under state density bonus law. The
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issue will be revisited when staff bring forward a revamped citywide Housing Incentive Program
(HIP).
The draft ordinance also references the NVCAP document for several items, including the
designated location of required and encouraged ground floor uses, requirements for active
ground floor uses, specific site and building design requirements in Chapter 6, and public realm
improvements. Both the NVCAP plan document and the NVCAP zoning ordinance are intended
to be used together when designing or reviewing development proposals in the plan area.
ARB Feedback on Development Standards
On April 18, 2024, the ARB conducted a public hearing to allow for comments on the Draft
NVCAP and Draft SEIR. The ARB also reviewed and provided feedback on the draft NVCAP
zoning ordinance. The ARB discussed development standards (Section 18.29.060) specifically
and recommended the following modifications:
Lot Coverage. ARB recommended increasing lot coverage for higher density residential
areas, including NV-R3 and NV-R4.
Street Yard Setback. ARB recommended a minimum street yard of 10 feet to encourage
higher density and provide more flexibility in developing projects. Any street yards
exceeding 10 feet were reduced to 10 feet, except for Olive Avenue in R-4, which
maintains a minimum 20 feet minimum street yard to reflect the existing stormwater
treatment area along Olive Avenue.
Increased Maximum Height for NV-R4 and NV-MXH districts. Considering the El Camino
Real Focus area across from the NVCAP area, which has a maximum height limit of 85
feet, the ARB recommended increasing maximum height limits for NV-R4 and NV-MXH
to 65 feet.
Setback Measurement and Lot Coverage Calculation. The ARB requested that the
required setback and lot coverage not apply to portions of a development located more
than three feet below grade in zoning districts that allow higher density residential (NV-
R3, NV-R4, NV-MXM, and NV-MXH). The three-foot threshold was recommended to
provide sufficient space for tree roots. Structures below three feet from the existing
natural grade would be able to encroach into the required setback without impacting
the lot coverage requirement, allowing for larger basements in the NVCAP area.
Staff considered the ARB’s feedback and, while supporting some recommendations,
determined that recommendations related to basement setbacks and height increases
(described below) required further discussion or were not consistent with the NVCAP
preferred plan endorsed by the City Council. As a result, these ARB recommendations
were not incorporated into the zoning ordinance recommended by staff (Attachment A).
Increased Maximum Height for NV-R3 and NV-MXM. Considering the El Camino Real
Focus area across from the NVCAP area, which has a maximum height limit of 85 feet,
the ARB recommended increasing maximum height limits for NV-R3 to 55 feet from 35
feet, and for NV-MXM to 65 feet from 45 feet, in addition to NV-R4 and NV-MXM as
described above.
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Both NV-R3 and NV-MXM would abut parcels with existing single-family homes and
low-density residential zoning districts, which have a maximum height limit of 30
feet. As a result, staff recommend having a 15-foot maximum height difference
between higher density districts when abutting low density districts or single-family
home parcels to minimize impact to the low-density residential areas. Therefore,
staff recommend increased the maximum height for both the NV-R3 and NV-MXM
districts to 45 feet and 55 feet, respectively, compared to the 55 feet and 65 feet
recommended by the ARB. Table 4 shows comparison of the maximum height limits.
Table 1: Maximum Height Comparison
Maximum Height Limit (feet)
Zoning
District Preferred Plan ARB
Recommendation
Staff
Recommendation
NV-R1
NV-R2 30 No change No change
NV-R3 35 55 45
NV-R4 55 65 Same as ARB
NV-MXL 35 No change No change
NV-MXM 45 65 55
NV-MXH 55 65 Same as ARB
Setback Measurement and Lot Coverage Calculation. The Palo Alto Municipal Code
Title 18 (Zoning) does not specifically address how to apply setback requirements for
basements in multifamily and nonresidential projects. Currently, the minimum
setback has been interpreted to apply to above and below-grade levels of structures.
The ARB has recently seen projects with high density residential requesting larger
basements to accommodate parking and other amenities. In order to provide more
clarity, the ARB requested that specific language be codified to the zoning districts
that allow higher density residential (NV-R3, NV-R4, NV-MXM, and NV-MXH).
However, this policy decision requires further discussion and analysis to determine
the best path forward for this request from the ARB. As a result, this ARB
recommendation is not reflected in the draft zoning ordinance (Attachment A).
In addition to ARB recommended changes, staff made further refinements on the zoning
ordinance, including some minor text modifications and adding references to other code
sections related to non-conforming uses and non-complying facilities.
These staff recommended changes in the zoning ordinance are shown in blue and underlined
text to differentiate them from ARB recommended changes supported by staff, shown in red
and underlined text.
Relationship to the Housing Element
The Housing Element is one of seven mandatory elements within the Palo Alto Comprehensive
Plan, which assesses the condition of the City's current housing and future needs of its residents
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through citywide housing goals, objectives, and policies. The City is required to update the
Housing Element every eight years.
The City adopted the 2023-2031 Housing Element in May 2023. A revised Housing Element was
considered by Planning and Transportation Commission and City Council at a joint meeting on
April 15, 2024 and adopted by the City Council. The Housing Element includes the housing needs
assessment, resources and inventory of potential housing sites, housing constraints, and housing
element programs or implementation actions. The Housing Element identifies a total of 300
potential housing opportunity sites. Of the total, 17 housing opportunity sites are located within
the NVCAP. The Housing Element estimated that the development capacity for these 17 sites
would yield over 300 dwelling units.
In January 2024, an ordinance implementing Housing Element Program 1.1A and 1.1B became
effective, rezoning housing opportunity sites for consistency with the Housing Element. The
zoning changes apply to multi-family, commercial, and industrial zoning to accommodate greater
housing production, including within the NVCAP. This includes modification of development
standards to increase density and height. For housing opportunity sites, the proposed NVCAP
development standards generally have more permissive standards compared to development
standards from the January 2024 rezoning. Therefore, applying NVCAP development standards
to housing opportunity sites within the plan area would not hinder achieving the densities
projected in the Housing Element. In addition, the proposed ordinance updates Chapter 18.14
(Housing Incentives) to include the ensure that housing opportunity sites within the plan area are
still able to benefit from the few areas where the January 2024 rezoning was more permissive
than the proposed NVCAP regulations.
Compliance with Comprehensive Plan, Area Plans and Guidelines
The draft plan implements Comprehensive Plan Program L.4.10.1, which directs staff to prepare
a coordinated area plan for the North Ventura area and surrounding California Avenue area.
Program L.4.10.1 outlines that the plan should describe a vision for the future of the North
Ventura area as a walkable neighborhood with multi-family housing, ground floor retail, a public
park, creek improvements and an interconnected street grid.
Pipeline Projects
Since the onset of the NVCAP project, property owners have been allowed to submit
development applications consistent with the existing zoning code. Notable projects submitted
and entitled since the NVCAP initiation include 3001 El Camino Real3, 3200 Park Boulevard4, and
3241 Park Blvd5. The zoning ordinance proposes to exempt these “pipeline projects” from
3 3001 El Camino Real: a 100% affordable housing project with 129 units. https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/News-
Articles/Planning-and-Development-Services/30013017-El-Camino-Real
4 200 Portage: a project including partial demolition of cannery, construction of 74 dwelling units and renovation of
cannery into research & development space with associated Development Agreement.
https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/News-Articles/Planning-and-Development-Services/200-Portage-Avenue
5 3241 Park Blvd: a new 7,861 square foot office building. https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/Departments/Planning-
Development-Services/Current-Planning/Projects/3241-Park-Boulevard
Item 2
Staff Report
Packet Pg. 19
Item No. 2. Page 13 of 14
compliance with the NVCAP due to the submittal of a complete planning entitlement application
prior to the adoption of the NVCAP and its associated implementing zoning code amendments.
Next Steps
Staff will forward the PTC’s recommendation to the City Council for its consideration in June
2024. In addition to considering adoption of the NVCAP and the NVCAP zoning ordinance, the
City Council will take action on SEIR certification.
FISCAL/RESOURCE IMPACT
The majority of the NVCAP project funding is from the Valley Transportation Authority (VTA)
Priority Development Area grant ($638,000). In compliance with the grant requirement, the
15% local funding match ($112,000) was achieved with the donation of private funds from the
Sobrato Organization, who also donated an additional $138,000 for the environmental review
study of the NVCAP. Additional General Funds ($17,700) were used for the historic evaluation
by Page & Turnbull and the Matadero Creek analysis by WRA; and $62,000 of FY 2021
department salary savings was allocated to project management (due to reduced staffing). In
2021, the City was awarded $125,000 from the Local Early Action Planning (LEAP) grant to
support the NVCAP.
Per the grant agreements with both Caltrans and HCD (LEAP Grant), the City must complete this
NVCAP project by the grant due dates, or risk forfeiting the grant funds. In that scenario, the
City would need to repay any grant funds expended towards the project. Upon adoption of the
NVCAP, staff will submit the last invoices for both grants from Caltrans and HCD to receive the
remaining amount of the grants and close the contracts with them.
STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
Consistent with PAMC Chapter 19.10 (Coordinated Area Plans), the City Council appointed a 14-
member working group. The working group met 17 times over the course of two years and
concluded their effort once alternatives were forwarded to the PTC and City Council for
consideration. Notifications throughout the process have been sent to the working group,
stakeholders, and property owners. The City maintains a project website with archives of working
group, workshops, and public hearing materials related to the NVCAP.
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
In accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act, the City of Palo Alto, acting as the
lead agency, released a Notice of Availability (NOA) of a Draft Supplemental Environmental
Impact Report (Draft SEIR) for the proposed project on March 8, 2024 for a 45-day public
comment period that ended on Monday, April 22, 2024. In accordance with the California
Environmental Quality Act, the City of Palo Alto, acting as the lead agency, released a Notice of
Availability (NOA) of a Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Report (Draft SEIR) for the
proposed project on March 8, 2024 for a 45-day public comment period that ended on Monday,
April 22, 2024.
Item 2
Staff Report
Packet Pg. 20
Item No. 2. Page 14 of 14
During the Architectural Review Board (ARB) meeting held on April 18, 2024, a community
member addressed the Draft NVCAP, specifically urging rooftop gardens and the full
naturalization of the creek without barriers. In addition, staff received three comment letters on
the Draft SEIR by Monday, April 22, 2024 (Attachment G). Responses to comments on the Draft
SEIR will be integrated into the Final Supplemental EIR (Final SEIR) for Council’s consideration
prior to taking action on the environmental analysis and the proposed project.
The Draft SEIR found that the impacts related to biological resources, archaeological resources,
noise, and tribal cultural resources could be significant but mitigatable to less than significant.
Impacts to historical resources would be significant and unavoidable because the project would
involve modifications to an historic resource eligible for the California Register of Historic
Resources in a manner that would not be consistent with the Secretary of the Interiors Standards.
Buildout of the NVCAP, on a plan level, would have a significant and unavoidable criteria air
pollutant emissions impact because the increase in population would be exceeded by the
increase in VMT and daily trips.
ALTERNATIVE ACTIONS
In addition to the recommended action, the PTC may:
1. Forward the staff recommendation to City Council with modifications.
2. Take no action on the NVCAP and provide direction on desired changes.
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment A: Draft Ordinance to:
(1) Adopt a new Chapter 18.29 (North Ventura (NV) District Regulations) in the Palo Alto
Municipal Code and make other amendments to Title 18 (Zoning) to implement the
NVCAP
(2) Amend Chapter 16.65 (Citywide Affordable Housing Requirements)
(3) Amend the Zoning District Map and re-zone parcels within the NVCAP area
Attachment B: Links to the Draft NVCAP and Draft SEIR
Attachment C: Summary of the Endorsed Preferred Plan and Refinements
Attachment D: Summary of Goals and Objectives Consistency
Attachment E: NVCAP Comments from PTC and ARB and Staff Response
Attachment F: Staff recommended modifications to NVCAP
Attachment G: Public Comment Letters on Draft SEIR and Draft NVCAP
AUTHOR/TITLE:
Kelly Cha, Senior Planner
Item 2
Staff Report
Packet Pg. 21
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Ordinance No.
Ordinance of the Council of the City of Palo Alto Adding Chapter 18.29 (North Ventura (NV)
District Regulations) and Amending Chapters 18.14 (Housing Incentives), 18.24 (Contextual
Design Criteria and Objective Design Standards), and 16.65 (Citywide Affordable Housing
Requirements) to Implement the North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan (NVCAP)
The Council of the City of Palo Alto ORDAINS as follows:
SECTION 1. Chapter 18.29 (North Ventura (NV) District Regulations) of Title 18 (Zoning) of the
Palo Alto Municipal Code is added to read as follows:
CHAPTER 18.29
NORTH VENTURA (NV) DISTRICT REGULATIONS
18.29.010 Purpose
18.29.020 Applicability of Regulations
18.29.030 Zoning Districts
18.29.040 Definitions
18.29.050 Permitted Uses
18.29.060 Development Standards
18.29.070 Parking and Loading
18.29.080 Context-Based Design Criteria and Objective Design Standards
18.29.090 Housing Incentive Programs for NV District
18.29.010 Purpose
The purpose of the North Ventura district is to implement the vision and framework of the North Ventura
Coordinated Area Plan (NVCAP) through use regulations and development standards.
18.29.020 Applicability of Regulations
(a) The North Ventura districts shall apply to properties within the NVCAP and designated as North
Ventura Coordinated Area Plan within the Palo Alto Comprehensive Plan. Where designated, the
regulations set forth in this chapter shall apply in lieu of the comparable provisions established by the
underlying zoning district regulations.
(b) Refer to the NVCAP for design guidelines related to streets and buildings in conjunction with the
regulations contained within this chapter.
18.29.030 Zoning Districts
The North Ventura districts shall apply to properties designated on the zoning map by the symbol “NV” in
front of the zoning district designation.
Item 2
Attachment A: Ordinance
Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
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The following zoning districts are intended to create and maintain sites for residential, commercial and
mixed-use sites:
(a) Single Family Residential District (NV-R1)
The NV-R1 single family residential district is intended to create, preserve, and enhance areas suitable for
detached dwellings with a strong presence of nature and with open area affording maximum privacy and
opportunities for outdoor living and children’s play. Minimum site area requirements are established to
create and preserve variety among neighborhoods, to provide adequate open area, and to encourage
quality design. Accessory dwelling units, junior accessory dwelling units and accessory structures or
buildings are appropriate. Community uses and facilities are allowed to the extent no net loss of housing
would result.
(b) Two Family Residential District (NV-R2)
The NV-R2 two-family residential district is intended to allow a second dwelling unit, under the same
ownership as the initial dwelling unit, in areas designated for single-family use or NVCAP by the Palo Alto
Comprehensive Plan, under regulations that preserve the essential character of single-family use.
Community uses and facilities are allowed to the extent no net loss of housing would result.
(c) Medium Density Multiple-Family Residential District (NV-R3)
The NV-R3 medium density multiple-family residential district is intended to create, preserve and enhance
neighborhoods for multiple-family housing with better transition to lower density residential districts.
Projects at this density are intended for larger parcels that will enable developments to provide their own
parking spaces and to meet their open space needs in the form of garden apartments or cluster
developments. While there is no maximum density in the NV-R3 residential district, the NVCAP anticipates
realistic development yields ranging from 16 to 30 dwelling units per acre based on the applicable
development standards.
(d) High Density Multiple-Family Residential District (NV-R4)
The NV-R4 high density multiple-family residential district is intended to create, preserve and enhance
locations for apartment living at the highest greater density deemed appropriate for Palo AltoNVCAP. The
most suitable locations for this district are along major transportation corridors which are close to mass
transportation facilities and major employment and service centers. While there is no maximum density
in the NV-R4 residential district, the NVCAP anticipates realistic development yields ranging from 61 to
100 dwelling units per acre based on the applicable development standards.
(e) Low Density Mixed-Use District (NV-MXL)
The purpose of the NV-MXL district is to allow for small-scale commercial and services with limited amount
of residential that is compatible with the surrounding development. While there is no maximum density
in the NV-MXL district, the NVCAP anticipates realistic development yields ranging from three to 17
dwelling units per acre.
(f) Medium Density Mixed-Use District (NV-MXM)
Item 2
Attachment A: Ordinance
Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
Packet Pg. 23
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The purpose of the NV-MXM district is to allow for a compatible mix of residential and limited commercial.
While there is no maximum density in the NV-MXM district, the NVCAP anticipates realistic development
yields ranging from 31 to 70 dwelling units per acre.
(g) High Density Mixed-Use District (NV-MXH)
The purpose of the NV-MXH district is to allow for a mix of retail, restaurant, entertainment and
commercial uses on the ground floor with residential on the upper floors, while maintaining a pedestrian-
oriented streetscape. It is intended that the active ground floor retail space required will ensure
neighborhood-oriented retail and services are provided within walking distance of high density
residential. Ground floor active uses are required along El Camino Real. While no maximum density in the
NV-MXH district, the NVCAP anticipates realistic development yields ranging from 61 to 100 dwelling units
per acre.
(h) Public Facilities District (NV-PF)
The NV-PF public facilities district is designed to accommodate governmental, public utility, educational,
and community service or recreational facilities. Within the North Ventura area, an approximate one-acre
portion of the NV-PF district may permit a 100% affordable housing project.
18.29.040 Definitions
For the purposes of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply:
(a) "100% affordable housing project" means a multiple-family housing or mixed-use project in which the
residential component consists entirely of affordable units offered at affordable rents or affordable sales
prices, as defined in Section 16.65.020, and, for rental projects, where the average household income
does not exceed 60% of the area median income level, except for a building manager's unit.
(b) “Street yard” means a yard adjoining a street lot line and may also be a front lot line.
18.29.050 Permitted Uses
(a) The uses of land allowed by this chapter in each zoning district are identified in the following tables.
Land uses that are not listed in the tables are not allowed, except where otherwise noted. Where the last
column on the following tables ("Subject to Regulations in") includes a section number, specific
regulations in the referenced section also apply to the use; however, provisions in other sections not
specifically referenced may apply as well.
TABLE 1: PERMITTED AND CONDITIONALLY PERMITTED USES
P = Permitted Use
CUP = Conditional Use Permit Required
TUP = Temporary Use Permit Required
— = Not Permitted
Item 2
Attachment A: Ordinance
Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
Packet Pg. 24
Page 4 of 20
LAND USE NV-
R1
NV-
R2
NV-
R3
NV-
R4
NV-
MXL
(1)(5)
NV-
MXM
(5)
NV-
MXH
NV-
PF
Subject to
Regulations
In:
ACCESSORY AND SUPPORT USES
Accessory facilities
and activities
customarily
associated with or
essential to
permitted uses, and
operated incidental
to the principal
permitted use.
P P P P P P P — 18.40
18.10.080
18.12.080
Accessory facilities
and uses
customarily
incidental to
permitted uses
with more than two
plumbing fixtures
(but with no
kitchen), and more
than 200 square
feet in size, but
excluding second
dwelling units
CUP — — — — — — — 18.12.080
Accessory facilities
and uses
customarily
incidental to
permitted uses (no
limit on number of
plumbing fixtures)
— P — — — — — — 18.10.080
Accessory Dwelling
Unit & Junior
Accessory Dwelling
Unit when
accessory to
primary and
permitted
residential use
P P P P P P P — 18.09
Home Occupations,
when accessory to
permitted
residential use
P P P P P P P P 18.42
Horticulture,
Gardening, and
P P P P P P P —
Item 2
Attachment A: Ordinance
Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
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Growing of food
products for
consumption by
occupants of a site
EDUCATIONAL, RELIGIOUS, AND ASSEMBLY USES
Private Clubs,
Lodges, or Fraternal
Organizations,
excluding any such
facility operated as
a business for profit
— — — CUP CUP — — —
Private Educational
Facilities
CUP CUP CUP CUP CUP P P —
Religious
Institutions
CUP CUP CUP CUP P P P —
OFFICE USES(2)
Administrative
Office Services
— — — — P P P — 18.29.050(a)
Medical Offices — — — — P P P — 18.29.050(a)
Professional and
General Business
Offices
— — — — P P P — 18.29.050(a)
PUBLIC/QUASI-PUBLIC USES
Community Centers CUP CUP CUP CUP — — — —
Utility Facilities
essential to
provision of utility
services but
excluding
construction or
storage yards,
maintenance
facilities, or
corporation yards.
CUP CUP CUP CUP CUP CUP CUP —
RECREATION USES
Neighborhood
Recreational
Centers
— — CUP CUP — — — CUP
(3)
Commercial
Recreation
— — — — CUP CUP CUP CUP
(3)
Outdoor Recreation
Services
CUP CUP CUP CUP — CUP CUP CUP
(3)
Youth Clubs — — — — — — — CUP
(3)
RESIDENTIAL USES
Single-Family P P — — — — — —
Two-Family P P — — — — — — 18.42.180
Item 2
Attachment A: Ordinance
Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
Packet Pg. 26
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Multiple-Family — — P P P P P P(4)
Residential Care
Homes
P P P P P P P —
RETAIL USES
Eating and Drinking
Services, except
drive-in and take-
out services
— — P P P P P CUP
(3)
18.40.160,
18.29.050(c)
Personal Services
and Retail Services
of a neighborhood-
serving nature
— — P P P P P CUP
(3)
18.40.160,
18.29. 050(c)
Liquor stores — — — — — P P — 18.40.160,
18.29. 050(c)
SERVICE USES
Animal Care,
excluding boarding
and kennels
— — — — P P P — 18.29. 050(c)
Convalescent
Facilities
— — — CUP P P P —
Day Care Centers CUP CUP CUP P P P P — 18.40.160
Large Family Day
Care Homes
P P P P P P P P(3)
Small Family Day
Care Homes
P P P P P P P P(3)
Large Adult Day
Care Homes
CUP CUP P P P P P P(3)
Small Adult Day
Care Homes
P P P P P P P P(3)
Financial Services — — — — P P P — 18.29.050(a)
18.29.060(b)
General Business
Services
— — — — P P P — 18.29. 050(a)
18.29.060(b)
Hotels — — — — — P P — 18.40.160,
18.16.060(d)
Personal Services — — — — P P P — 18.40.160,
18.29. 050(c)
18.29.060(b)
AGRICULTURAL AND OPEN SPACE USES
Park uses and uses
incidental to park
operation
— — — — — — — P
All facilities owned
or leased, and
operated or used,
by the City of Palo
Alto, the County of
— — — — — — — P
Item 2
Attachment A: Ordinance
Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
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(a) Office Use Restrictions
(1) Conversion of Ground Floor Housing and Non-Office Commercial to Office Medical, Professional,
and Business offices shall not be located on the ground floor, unless any of the following apply to such
offices:
(A) Have been continuously in existence in that space since DATE OF ADOPTION OF NVCAP, and as of
such date, were neither non-conforming nor in the process of being amortized pursuant to Chapter
18.30(I);
Santa Clara, the
State of California,
the government of
the United States,
the Palo Alto
Unified School
District, or any
other
governmental
agency, or leased
by any such agency
to another party
Community Centers — — — — — — — CUP
(3)
Utility Facilities — — — — — — — CUP
TEMPORARY USES
Temporary Uses — — TUP TUP — — — — 18.42.050
Farmer’s Markets — — — — — CUP CUP —
Temporary Parking
Facilities, provided
that such facilities
shall remain no
more than five
years
— — — — — CUP CUP CUP
(3)
Notes:
(1) For NV-MXL zoning district, the total floor area of non-residential uses permitted and conditionally
permitted on a lot shall not exceed 5,000 square feet.
(2) For office uses, total floor area of permitted office uses on a lot shall not exceed 5,000 square feet.
(3) Provided such use is conducted on property owned by the City of Palo Alto, the County of Santa
Clara, the State of California, the government of the United States, the Palo Alto Unified School
District, or any other governmental agency, and leased for said uses.
(4) Only a 100% Affordable Housing Project is permitted. Development shall follow NV-R4 standards.
(5) Ground floor uses shall comply with the ground floor edge framework set forth in NVCAP section
2.3.
Item 2
Attachment A: Ordinance
Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
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(B) Occupy a space that was not occupied by housing, neighborhood business service, retail services,
personal services, eating and drinking services, or automotive service on DATE OF ADOPTION OF NVCAP
or thereafter;
(C) Occupy a space that was vacant on DATE OF ADOPTION OF NVCAP; or
(D) Are located in new or remodeled ground floor area built on or after DATE OF ADOPTION OF NVCAP
if the ground floor area devoted to housing, retail services, eating and drinking services, and personal
services does not decrease.
(E) Along El Camino Real, the office use has a consistent flow of in-person customers visiting the
business, such as a dentist or medical office.
(2) Size Restrictions on Office Uses in the NV District
(A) Total floor area of permitted office uses on a lot shall not exceed 5,000 square feet.
(b) Late Night Use and Activities
Late Night Use and Activities requirements established in Section 18.42.040 shall apply to NV zoning
districts. (1) Retail (including restaurants) or service commercial businesses abutting or within 50 feet
of residentially zoned properties or properties with existing residential uses located within nonresidential
zones, that are open or with operations or activities between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. shall
be operated in a manner to protect residential properties from excessive noise, odors, lighting or other
nuisances from any sources during those hours.
(2) Where planning or building permits are required or for a change in use that results in any such
commercial business in the NV-MXM and NV-MXH zoning districts, operating or with activities between
the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m., a conditional use permit shall be obtained and conditions of
approval shall be applied as deemed necessary to ensure the operation is compatible with the abutting
(or within 50 feet of) residential property. Said use permit shall be limited to operations or activities
occurring between 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m.
(3) Truck deliveries shall not occur before 6:00 a.m. or after 10:00 p.m., except pursuant to the
provisions of a conditional use permit.
(c) Active Ground Floor Commercial Uses
The NVCAP requires active ground floor uses along the El Camino Real corridor and encourages active
ground floor uses on other designated streets. Active uses are activities and functions that promote social
engagement, vitality, and interaction within a community. Refer to NVCAP, Section 2.3 for detailed
requirements.
(1) Active ground floor commercial uses generally include retail, personal services, neighborhood
business service, and eating and drinking establishments. These may also include other active uses such
as daycare, building lobbies, spaces accessory to residential uses such as fitness rooms, workspaces,
leasing offices, bicycle facilities (Class I) with direct access to the sidewalk. Office uses may be included
only to the extent they are permitted in ground floor regulations, are consistent with 18.29.080(a) and
have a regular flow of in-person customers.
Item 2
Attachment A: Ordinance
Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
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(2) Ground floor commercial uses are required for properties with frontage along El Camino Real, as
shown in the NVCAP Section 2.3 (Ground Floor Edges)
(3) Ground floor commercial uses shall have a minimum floor to ceiling height of 14 feet.
(4) Retail or retail-like at the ground floor is required at the intersections of El Camino Real and Olive
Avenue, and El Camino Real and Portage Avenue.
(5) 100% affordable housing projects are exempt from providing ground floor commercial uses.
18.29.060 Development Standards
(a) The following tables specify the development standards that shall apply to NV district properties.
Where the last column on the following tables ("Subject to Regulations in") includes a section number,
specific regulations in the referenced section also apply to the development standard; however,
provisions in other sections may apply as well.
TABLE 1: LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS
DEVELOPMENT STANDARD NV-R1 NV-R2 Subject to
Regulations
In:
Minimum Setbacks Setback lines imposed by a special
setback map pursuant to Chapter
20.08 of this code may also apply
18.10.050
Street yard (ft) Pepper Ave:
12.510’ to
create a 12’
effective
sidewalk width
(1)
Olive Ave:
12.510’
18.29.020(b)
Parking None None 18.29.070
Other development standards See regulations
in Chapter 18.12
See regulations
in Chapter 18.10
Notes:
(1) The effective sidewalk width includes the pedestrian clear zone and landscape/furniture zone as
described in PAMC 18.24.020.
TABLE 2: MULTI-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL & MUTLI-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT
STANDARDS
DEVELOPMENT STANDARD NV-R3
NV-R4
Subject to
Regulations
In:
Minimum Site Specifications
Site Area (ft2)
Site Width (ft)
8,500
70
Item 2
Attachment A: Ordinance
Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
Packet Pg. 30
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DEVELOPMENT STANDARD NV-R3
NV-R4
Subject to
Regulations
In:
Site Depth (ft) 100
Minimum Setbacks
Street Yard (ft) Park Blvd.: 20’10’
Ash St: 5’
Acacia Ave: 5’
Portage Ave: 5’
Park Blvd.: 20’10’
Olive Ave.: 20’
Ash St.: 5’
Page Mill Rd:
sufficient to create a
12’ effective
sidewalk width(2)(3)
18.29.020(b)
Interior Side Yards (ft) 5’ 5’
Interior Rear Yards (ft) 10’ 10’
Build-to-Lines 50% of frontage built to setback(1)
33% of side street built to setback(1)
Maximum Height (ft)
Standard 35’45’ 55’65’ 18.29.100
Portions of a site within 50 feet of a
more restrictive residential district
or a site containing a residential use
in a nonresidential district
(measured from property lines)
35’
Daylight Plane
For lot lines abutting one or more
residential zoning districts or lots
bigger than 10,000 ft2
Refer to Section 18.24.050(b) 18.24.050(b)
For lots smaller than 10,000 ft2 None None
Maximum Lot Coverage (%)
Base 4060 4580
Additional area permitted to be
covered by covered patios or
overhangs otherwise in compliance
with all applicable laws
5 5
Floor Area Ratio (FAR)
Maximum Residential FAR 1.5:1 3.0:1
Maximum Non-residential FAR 0.15:1 0.15:1 18.29.050(c)
Total Mixed-Use FAR 1.5:1 3.0:1
Residential Density (net units per acre)
Maximum units per acre None None
Minimum units per acre 16 61
Minimum Landscape/Open Space
Coverage (%)
30(4) None10
Minimum Usable Open Space (ft2
per unit)
150(4) 150
Minimum Common Open Space (ft2
per unit)
75 75
Item 2
Attachment A: Ordinance
Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
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DEVELOPMENT STANDARD NV-R3
NV-R4
Subject to
Regulations
In:
Minimum Private Open Space (ft2
per unit)
50 50
Landscape Requirements 18.40.130
Parking None Required 18.29.070
Notes:
(1) 25-foot driveway access permitted regardless of frontage.
(2) No parking or loading space, whether required or optional, shall be located in the first 10 feet
adjoining the street property line of any required yard.
(3) Any minimum front, street side, or interior yard shall be planted and maintained as a landscaped
screen excluding areas required for access to the site. A solid wall or fence between 5 and 8 feet in
height shall be constructed along any common interior lot line.
(4) Landscape coverage may be provided above the ground-floor.
TABLE 3: MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS
DEVELOPMENT
STANDARD
NV-MXL NV-MXM
NV-MXH
Subject to
Regulations
In:
Minimum Site
Specifications
Site Area (ft2)
Site Width (ft)
Site Depth (ft)
None Required
Minimum Setbacks
Street Yard (ft) Ash St.: 5’
Olive Ave.: 12.510’
Portage Ave: 0’
Pepper Ave:
12.510’
El Camino
Real: 5’
Oregon/Page
Mill Rd: 5‘
Pepper:
12.510’
Olive Ave
(North side):
12.510’
Olive Ave
(South side):
10’
Ash St: 5’
Park Blvd: 20’
Lambert Ave:
5’
Portage Ave: 5’
Acacia Ave: 5’
Park Blvd: 5’
El Camino Real:
sufficient to
create a 12’
effective
sidewalk
width(1)(2)
Oregon
Expy/Page Mill
Rd: sufficient to
create a 12’
effective
sidewalk(1)(2)
Lambert Ave: 5’
Acacia Ave: 5’
Portage Ave: 5’
18.29.020(b)
Build-to-Lines None For properties abutting El Camino
Real:
Item 2
Attachment A: Ordinance
Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
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DEVELOPMENT
STANDARD
NV-MXL NV-MXM
NV-MXH
Subject to
Regulations
In:
50% of frontage built to setback(1)
33% of side street built to
setback(1)
Rear Yard (ft) 10’ 10’ for
residential
portion/ none
for commercial
portion
10’ for residential
portion/ none for
commercial
portion
Rear Yard abutting
residential zone district
(ft)
10’ 10’ 10’
Interior Side Yard (ft) 10’ 5’ 5’
Build-to-lines None Required
Permitted Setback
Encroachments
Balconies, awnings, porches, stairways, and similar
elements may extend up to 6 ft into the setback.
Cornices, eaves, fireplaces, and similar architectural
features (excluding flat or continuous walls or enclosures
of interior space) may extend up to four (4) ft into the
front and rear setbacks and up to three (3) ft into interior
side setbacksRefer to Section 18.40.070
Maximum Setback (ft) Not applicable El Camino
Real: 10’
El Camino Real:
10’
Maximum Lot Coverage
(%)
50 100 100
Minimum
Landscape/Open Space
Coverage (%)
20 510 None10
Usable Open Space
(Private and/or
Common) (ft2)
150 per unit 18.16.090
Maximum Height (ft) 18.29.100
Standard 35’ 45’55’ 55’65’
Ground Floor Height 14’Refer to Section 18.24.060(c)(5)(A) 18.29.050(c)
Portions of a site within
150 ft of an abutting
residential zoning district
(measured from property
line)(3)
Not applicable 45’ Not applicable
Daylight Plane for lot
lines abutting one or
more residential zoning
districts
Refer to 18.24.050(b) 18.24.050(b)
Residential Density (net units per acre)
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Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
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DEVELOPMENT
STANDARD
NV-MXL NV-MXM
NV-MXH
Subject to
Regulations
In:
Maximum units per
acre
None Required
Minimum units per acre 3 31 61
Floor Area Ratio (FAR)
Maximum Residential
FAR
0.5:1 2.0:1 3.0:1
Maximum Non-
residential FAR(4)
0.25:1 0.25:1 0.25:1 18.29.050(c)
18.29.060(c)
Minimum Mixed-Use
Ground Floor Commercial
FAR
0.15:1 0.15:1 0.15:1 18.29.050(c)
Total Mixed-Use FAR 0.5:1(4) 2.0:1 3.0:1
Parking None Required 18.29.070
Notes:
(1) No parking or loading space, whether required or optional, shall be located in the first 10 feet
adjoining the street property line of any required yard.
(2) Any minimum front, street side, or interior yard shall be planted and maintained as a landscaped
screen excluding areas required for access to the site. A solid wall or fence between 5 and 8 feet in
height shall be constructed along any common interior lot line.
(3) The 150-foot measurement may be reduced to 50 feet at minimum, subject to approval by the
Planning Director, upon recommendation by the Architectural Review Board pursuant to criteria set
forth in Chapter 18.76.
(4) As provided in 18.29.060(c), maximum FAR for hotels shall be 2.0:1. Hotel projects in the NV-MXL
zone may reach a Total Mixed-Use FAR of 2.0:1.
TABLE 4: PUBLIC FACILITIES DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS(1)
DEVELOPMENT STANDARD NV-PF Subject to
Regulations
In:
Minimum Setbacks
Street Yard (ft) Portage Ave: 0’
Park Blvd: 20’
Lambert Ave: 5’
18.29.020(b)
Rear Yard (ft) 10’ 18.40.140
Side Yard (ft) 5’
Maximum Site Coverage (%)
Multiple-Family Residential Use
Other Uses
100
20
Minimum Landscape/Open Space Coverage (%)
Multiple-Family Residential Use
Other Uses
0
Not applicable
Usable Open Space (Private and/or Common) (ft2)
Multiple-Family Residential Use
150 per unit
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Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
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DEVELOPMENT STANDARD NV-PF Subject to
Regulations
In:
Maximum Height (ft)
Multiple-Family Residential Use
Other Uses
55’
18.29.100
Maximum Floor Area Ratio (FAR)
Multiple-Family Residential Use
Other Uses
3.0:1
1.0:1
Parking 18.29.070
Notes:
(1) Residential standards in this table shall only be applicable to 100% Affordable Housing Projects. For
standards not listed in Table 4 for 100% Affordable Housing Projects in NV-PF, refer to applicable NV-
R4 development standards in PAMC 18.29.060, Table 2.
(b) Storefront Guidelines
Where active use and retail frontages are required or located within the NV district on the ground floor,
the following design standards shall apply:
(1) Exterior windows on the ground floor shall use transparent glazing to the extent feasible. Low-e
glass or minimal tinting to achieve sun control is permitted, so long as the glazing appears transparent
when viewed from the ground level.
(2) Window coverings are not permitted on the ground floor during typical business hours. Where
operations preclude transparency (e.g., theaters) or where privacy requires window coverings, sidewalk-
facing frontage shall include items of visual interest including displays of merchandise or artwork; visual
access shall be provided to a minimum depth of three (3) feet.
(3) The building facade shall not dedicate No more than 10% of its the total building façade frontage,
and no more than or a maximum of 25 feet in width, whichever is greater, shall be dedicated to mechanical
equipment rooms, parking garage entrances, exit stairs, and other facilities necessary for building
operation.
(c) Hotel Regulations
(1) The purpose of these regulations is to allow floor area for development of hotels more than floor
area limitations for other commercial uses, to provide a visitor-serving use that results in an enhanced
business climate, increased transient occupancy tax and sales tax revenue, and other community and
economic benefits to the city.
(2) Hotels, where they are a permitted use, may develop to a maximum FAR of 2.0:1, subject to the
following limitations:
(A) The hotel use must generate transient occupancy tax (TOT) as provided in Chapter 2.33 of the
Palo Alto Municipal Code; and
(B) No room stays more than thirty days are permitted, except where the city council approves
longer stays through an enforceable agreement with the applicant to provide for compensating revenues.
(3) Hotels may include residential condominium use, subject to:
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Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
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(A) No more than twenty-five percent (25%) of the floor area shall be devoted to condominium use;
and
(B) No more than twenty-five percent (25%) of the total number of lodging units shall be devoted
to condominium use; and
(C) A minimum FAR of 1.0 shall be provided for the hotel/condominium building(s); and
(D) Where residential condominium use is proposed, room stays for other hotel rooms shall not
exceed thirty (30) days.
(4) Violation of this chapter is subject to enforcement action for stays more than thirty days not
permitted under the provisions of this chapter, in which case each day of room stay more than thirty days
shall constitute a separate violation and administrative penalties shall be assessed pursuant to Chapters
1.12 and 1.16.
18.29.070 Parking and Loading
In accordance with Assembly Bill 2097 (2022), no minimum automobile parking is required for properties
within the NV Districts except for projects including transient lodging. There are no maximum parking
standards. Standards for transient lodging and other parking standards, such as bicycle parking, and
parking design standards are contained within PAMC Chapters 18.52 and 18.54.
18.29.080 Context-Based Design Criteria and Objective Design Standards
In addition to the development standards prescribed in 18.29.050, all Housing Development Projects shall
comply with the objective standards outlined in Chapter 18.24, as defined herein. All other developments,
and Housing Development Projects that elect to deviate from one or more objective design standards in
Chapter 18.24, shall meet the Context Based Design Criteria, as determined by the Director pursuant to
the Architectural Review process. In the event of any conflict between the development standards
established in this Chapter and those established in Chapter 18.24, the NVCAP standards shall prevail.
(a) Multiple Family Context-Based Design Criteria
Refer to Section 18.13.060 for the Context Based Design Criteria.
(b) Mixed-Use and Commercial Context-Based Design Criteria
Refer to Section 18.16.090 for the Context Based Design Criteria.
18.29.090 Housing Incentive Programs for NV District
(a) Housing development projects in the NV Districts may utilize any Housing Incentive Program or
Affordable Housing Incentive Program set forth in Sections 18.14.030 and 18.14.040., subject to the
following restrictions:
(1) Maximum Height. The maximum height for a 100% affordable housing project shall not exceed 68 feet
in the NV-MXL and NV-R3 districts, 78 feet in the NV-MXM district, and 88 feet in the NV-R4 and NV-MXH
districts.
18.29.100 Non-conforming Uses and Non-Complying Facilities
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Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
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Any uses or facilities rendered non-conforming or non-complying by this Chapter shall be subject to
Chapter 18.70, including the schedules for required termination of non-conforming uses under Section
18.70.070.
SECTION 2. Table 1 of Section 18.14.020 (Housing Element Opportunity Sites) of Chapter 18.14
(Housing Incentives) of Title 18 (Zoning) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is amended to read as
follows (additions underlined):
Table 1
Housing Element Opportunity Site Development Standards
(Residential and Commercial Mixed Use Districts)
Base Zoning
District
Maximum Far(1) Minimum
Landscape
Coverage
Residential Density
(du/ac)(4)
Other
Development
Standards
Residential Total Minimum Maximum
CC(2) 1.5 2.0 (3) 20 See base
district
regulation
s: 18.16.0
60
See base district
regulations:
18.16.060 CC 1.25 1.25 (3) 20
CS (El Camino
Real)
1.25 1.25 (3) 20
CS (Other) 1.25 1.25 (3) 20 See HE
Appendix
D
CN (El Camino
Real)
1.25 1.25 30%(3) 20 See base
district
regulation
s: 18.16.0
60
CN (Other) 1.25 1.25 30%(3) 20 See HE
Appendix
D
CD-C 2.0 2.0 (2) (3) 20 See base
district
regulation
s: 18.18.0
60
See base district
regulations:
18.18.060
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Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
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CD-N 1.5 1.5 (3) 20 See HE
Appendix
D
RP 1.25 1.25 (3) 25 None; 40
du/ac
anticipate
d
See base district
regulations:
18.20.040
RM-40 1.5 1.5 (3) 31 See HE
Appendix
D
See base district
regulations:
18.13.040 RM-30 1.25 1.25 (3) 20
RM-20 1.25 1.25 See 18.13.0
40
20
NV-MXM See base district regulations: 18.29.060, except that maximum height shall be 50’
NV-R3 See base district regulations: 18.29.060, except that maximum height shall be 50’,
maximum lot coverage shall be 70%, and minimum density shall be 25 du/ac.
Notes: (1) Nothing in this table increases the non-residential floor area permitted in any district. (2) FAR may be increased with transfer of development rights; see Chapter 18.18 for details. (3) Landscape coverage may be provided above the ground-floor. If standard is not specified, refer to base district regulations. (4) Where no maximum density is provided in terms of du/ac, maximum density shall be determined by estimating the realistic development capacity of the site based on the objective development standards applicable to the project. Where noted, refer to Housing Element Appendix D: Sites Inventory for specified densities.
SECTION 3. Section 18.24.010 (Purpose and Applicability) of Chapter 18.24 (Contextual Design
Criteria and Objective Design Standards) of Title 18 (Zoning) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is
amended to read as follows (additions underlined, and unchanged text omitted by bracketed
ellipses):
18.24.010 Purpose and Applicability
(a) Purpose
[. . .]
(b) Applicability of Regulations
These regulations apply to Housing Development Projects (as defined in Gov. Code 65589.5),
both new construction and renovations, within the following zones and combining districts:
(1) Chapter 18.12: R-1, for multiple-family use projects only
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Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
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(2) Chapter 18.13: RM-20, RM-30, RM-40
(23) Chapter 18.16: CN, CC, CC(2), CS
(34) Chapter 18.18: CD-C, CD-S, CD-N
(45) Chapter 18.20: MOR, ROLM, ROLM(E), RP, RP(5), GM
(56) Chapter 18.28: PF
(7) Chapter 18.29: NVCAP
(68) Chapter 18.34: PTOD combining district
Housing Development Projects include multifamily housing with three or more units
("multiple-family use" as defined in Section 18.04.030), supportive and transitional housing,
and residential mixed-use projects with at least two-thirds residential square footage shall meet
the objective design standards.
(c) Process and Alternative Compliance
[. . .]
SECTION 4. Section 16.65.030 (Basic affordable housing requirement - residential ownership
projects) of Chapter 16.65 (Citywide Affordable Housing Requirements) of Title 16 (Building
Regulations) is amended to read as follows ((additions underlined, and unchanged text omitted
by bracketed ellipses):
16.65.030 Basic affordable housing requirement - residential ownership projects.
The provisions of this section shall apply to all residential ownership projects, including the
residential ownership portion of any mixed use project containing three or more units, except
for any residential ownership project exempt under Section 16.65.025.
(a) Unless an alternative is approved as described in Section 16.65.080, residential ownership
projects shall provide the following:
(1) For projects on sites of less than five acres, fifteen percent of the dwelling units in the
project shall be made available at affordable sales price to very low, low, and moderate income
households;
(2) For projects on sites of five acres or more and all townhome projects in the NV districts,
twenty percent of the dwelling units in the project shall be made available at affordable sales
price to very low, low, and moderate income households; and
(3) For projects that convert existing rental housing to condominiums, other residential
ownership or nonresidential space or that remove existing rental housing, twenty-five percent of
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Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
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the dwelling units in the project shall be made available at affordable sales price to very low, low,
and moderate income households.
(4) Calculations of the number of affordable units required by this section shall be based
on the number of dwelling units in the residential project, excluding any density bonus units.
Projects shall not receive a credit for any existing dwelling units demolished as part of the project.
(b) The affordable units shall be made available at the following affordable sales prices:
[. . .]
SECTION 5. Section 16.65.040 (Basic requirement - mixed use, nonresidential and residential
rental projects) of Chapter 16.65 (Citywide Affordable Housing Requirements) of Title 16
(Building Regulations) is amended to read as follows (additions underlined; deletions struck-
through):
16.65.040 Basic requirement - mixed use, nonresidential and residential rental projects.
(a) Unless the mixed use, nonresidential or residential rental project is exempt under
Section 16.65.025 or an alternative is approved as described in Section 16.65.080, all mixed use,
nonresidential and residential rental projects shall pay housing impact fees as specified in
Section 16.65.060 to mitigate the projects' impacts on the need for affordable housing; except:
(1) that theThe residential ownership portion of a mixed use project containing three or
more units shall comply with Section 16.65.030.
(2) In the NV districts, residential rental projects, including mixed use projects containing
residential rental units, shall provide fifteen percent of the dwelling units in the project
at rates affordable to lower income households.
SECTION 6. Pipeline Projects. This Ordinance and the NVCAP shall not apply to any project
application deemed complete prior to the effective date of this Ordinance. Any project
completed pursuant to such application shall be deemed a legal non-conforming structure and/or
use, subject to the provisions of Palo Alto Municipal Code Chapter 18.70.
SECTION 7. On XXXX, 2024, the City Council adopted Resolution No. XXXX, certifying the NVCAP
Supplemental Environmental Impact Report (SEIR) to the Final Environmental Impact Report for
the 2030 Palo Alto Comprehensive Plan, and making required findings, including a statement of
overriding considerations.
Item 2
Attachment A: Ordinance
Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
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SECTION 8. If any section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of this Ordinance is for any
reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a decision of any court of competent jurisdiction,
such decision shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this Ordinance. The City
Council hereby declares that it would have passed this Ordinance and each and every section,
subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase not declared invalid or unconstitutional without regard
to whether any portion of the Ordinance would be subsequently declared invalid or
unconstitutional.
SECTION 9. Effective Date.
This ordinance shall be effective on the thirty-first day after the date of its adoption (second
reading).
INTRODUCED:
PASSED:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSENT:
ABSTENTIONS:
ATTEST:
____________________________ ____________________________
City Clerk Mayor
APPROVED AS TO FORM: APPROVED:
____________________________ ____________________________
Assistant City Attorney City Manager
____________________________
Director of Planning and
Development Services
Item 2
Attachment A: Ordinance
Adding Chapter 18.29 and
Amending Chapters
18.14, 18.24 and 16.65
Packet Pg. 41
Attachment C:
Link to the Draft SEIR for North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan
https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/v/1/planning-amp-development-
services/north-ventura-cap/draft-seir-nvcap-march-2024.pdf
Link to the Draft North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan
https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/v/1/planning-amp-development-
services/north-ventura-cap/nvcap_publicdraft_2024_03_web2.pdf
Item 2
Attachment B: Link to
Draft SEIR and Draft
NVCAP
Packet Pg. 42
Attachment D: Summary of Preferred Plan
City Council endorsed 01/10/2022 & refined 11/14/2022 (or strikethrough)
Component Preferred Plan Draft Plan
Housing •530 housing units
•Emphasizes townhomes near
existing residential; mid-rise
residential/mixed-use on corridors
and elsewhere in plan area.
•Taller mid-rise residential/mixed-
use along Park Boulevard adjacent
to train tracks.
•530 housing units
•Emphasizes townhomes on cannery
property. Mid-rise residential/mixed-
use on corridors and elsewhere in the
plan. Affordable housing site adjacent
to public park site. Taller mid-rise
residential/mixed-use along Park
Boulevard adjacent to train tracks.
See also “Height/Density and Transitions”
Affordable
Housing
•Include 100% affordable housing
height limits based on the
minimum height necessary for a
five-story retail affordable housing
project (e.g., 55’) or a six story
non-retail affordable housing
project (e.g., 65’).
•Require 20% BMR for for-sale
townhomes, 15% for for-sale
condos, and for rental 15% BMR or
use in-lieu fee. (66% of units
affordable to households of 80-
100% area median income (AMI)
and up to 33% affordable to
households 100-120% AMI.)
•100% affordable housing height limits
determined by state density bonus
housing law (33’ above base zoning
height limit)
•Requires 20% BMR for for-sale
townhomes, 15% for for-sale condos,
and for rental 15% BMR or use in-lieu
fee. (66% of units affordable to
households of 80-100% area median
income (AMI) and up to 33%
affordable to households 100-120%
AMI.)
See also “Height/Density and Transitions”
Height/Density
and
Transitions
•Place higher heights and greater
densities on El Camino Real and
Page Mill Road, where multifamily
and residential mixed-use buildings
with ground floor retail would be
permitted. Transition between
higher density/height areas and
existing single-family homes
through height transitions.
•Expand Housing Incentive Program
or similar into other areas other
than El Camino Real corridor.
•Rezones proposed in the plan area to
transition from commercial, general
manufacturing and residential to
residential and residential mixed-use
(low, medium, and high density).
•Greater heights and densities are
located along corridors (El Camino
Real, Page Mill and Park Boulevard).
Height is limited for cannery building
adaptive reuse projects. Height
transitions will follow objective
standard requirements in the Palo Alto
Municipal Code.
Item 2
Attachment C: Summary
of the Endorsed Preferred
Plan and Refinements
Packet Pg. 43
Component Preferred Plan Draft Plan
•Allow 45 feet transition on El
Camino
•Raise the height limit along Park
Blvd to 55 feet, for residential or
residential mixed-use without
increasing commercial FAR
•Request Staff to evaluate zoning
changes that would increase FAR
for housing on commercial sites
along Park Blvd. and Page Mill Rd.
•Height limits range from 30 to 65 feet.
•Increase FAR for residential for 395
Page Mill and Park Boulevard.
•Limits commercial FAR throughout the
plan area.
•Housing Incentive Program would
follow the Citywide Housing Incentive
Program (Chapter 18.14)
Open Space Parks, pedestrian and/or bike
connection, landscape setbacks and
buffers. Creek option #3, full
naturalization. Look for preferred park
locations (larger public spaces
desired). Park development based on
no less than 1.6 acres/1,000 residents
to 1.7 acres/1,000 residents.
•Includes creek option #3 for full
naturalization
•Identifies 2.25-acre public park
location adjacent to creek
Office •Allows existing large-format office
floor area to continue. Once
demolished, the office space may
not be rebuilt.
•Would allow new, ground-floor,
small, professional office (such as
dentist, etc.). (5,000 sf or less)
•Define a low-density R&D zone
limiting employment density. (not
clear on what this means)
•Define strict TDM
•Plan sites are rezoned and allow
limited office space (up to 5,000 sf)
per parcel.
•Existing office space to continue until
demolished, then parcel must conform
with underlying zoning requirements.
See also “Commercial Parking Ratio.”
Retail Would allow ground floor retail.
Encourages active-ground floor uses,
which can be retail or retail-like.
Required on ECR, consider on Park.
Deed restricted retail required to get
15’ first floor height incentive.
•Allows ground floor retail and
encourages ground floor active uses
along Park Boulevard. Requires ground
floor active uses along El Camino Real.
Requires ground floor retail along El
Camino Real at Portage and Acacia.
•Requires minimum ground floor
ceiling height to be consistent with
Item 2
Attachment C: Summary
of the Endorsed Preferred
Plan and Refinements
Packet Pg. 44
Component Preferred Plan Draft Plan
objective design standards (Chapter
18.24)
340 Portage
(Cannery)
Maintains the cannery building and
Ash Office Building and allows for 2
possible uses of the buildings: (1)
continued use as retail and office
space (2) adaptive re-use into housing
(transition to housing is a long-term
vision). Also permits the construction
of housing on remaining portions of
the parcel, specifically the two
remaining surface parking lots on the
property. Ash Building – Creative Arts
space (see concept plan, page 180)
Expanded setback needed due to
creek naturalization – easements
and/or acquisition needed.
65 feet for 100% affordable site at 340
Portage without retail, (to include 5
stories of residential, with one level
for parking)
Staff will review and return with
recommendation about designation of
340 Portage Rd as a historical resource
•Maintains the cannery building and
Ash Office Building and allows for 2
possible uses of the buildings: (1)
continued use as retail and office
space (2) adaptive re-use into housing
(transition to housing is a long-term
vision).
•Also permits the construction of
housing on remaining portions of the
parcel, specifically the two remaining
surface parking lots on the property.
•2.25-acre public park site identified
•100% Affordable housing site
identified adjacent to the public park
site to comply with development
standards for R-4, including the height
limit of 65’.
•Implementation measure to explore
within the first-year historic
designation of the cannery building
and the Ash building.
395 Page Mill
Rd (Cloudera)
Retain office, parking garage, swale,
etc. Allows multifamily housing at
moderate density on remaining
surface parking lot; allow internal
height of 55’.
Site is rezoned to high density residential.
Allow height up to 65 feet.
Residential
Parking Ratio
•1 space per bedroom, capped at 2
spaces per unit (existing
requirement).
•(Return to PTC to make
recommendations for analysis of
appropriate parking based on Fehr
and Peers study and other studies,
and encourage mechanisms to
discourage street parking)
•No parking minimums or maximums.
•Implementation measure to explore
TDM programs and evaluate parking
management within the area.
Item 2
Attachment C: Summary
of the Endorsed Preferred
Plan and Refinements
Packet Pg. 45
Component Preferred Plan Draft Plan
•No parking minimums &
maximums
•Define strict TDM and evaluate a
city initiated RPP district to protect
residential parking
Commercial
Parking Ratio
•Blended standard rate same as
Downtown Palo Alto: 1 space per
250 sf.
•Exempt first 1,500 sf of ground
floor commercial floor area from
parking requirement.
•No parking minimums &
maximums
•Define strict TDM
•No parking minimums or maximums.
•Implementation measure to explore
TDM programs and evaluate parking
management within the area.
Transportation
Improvements
•Follow concept plan, see
attachment A (page 34) from
6/2021 council report
•Evaluate removing the woonerf to
decrease congestion as an option
in the EIR
•Plan to follow preferred plan.
•EIR to evaluate woonerf impacts.
Item 2
Attachment C: Summary
of the Endorsed Preferred
Plan and Refinements
Packet Pg. 46
ATTACHMENT E – CONSISTENCY WITH NVCAP GOALS & OBJECTIVES
Consistency documents can be found at: www.cityofpaloalto.org/nvcap
Table 1: NVCAP Goals
Goals Consistency
Housing and Land Use
Add to the City’s supply of multifamily
housing, including market rate, affordable,
“missing middle,” and senior housing in a
walkable, mixed use, transit-accessible
neighborhood, with retail and commercial
services, open space, and possibly arts and
entertainment uses.
Chapter 2.2 (Land Use)
Transit, Pedestrian and Bicycle Connections
Create and enhance well-defined connections
to transit, pedestrian, and bicycle facilities,
including connections to the Caltrain station,
Park Boulevard and El Camino Real.
Chapter 2.4 (Mobility)
Connected Street Grid
Create a connected street grid, filling in
sidewalk gaps and street connections to
California Avenue, the Caltrain Station, and El
Camino Real where appropriate.
Chapter 2.4 (Mobility)
Community Facilities and Infrastructure
Carefully align and integrate development of
new community facilities and infrastructure
with private development, recognizing both
the community’s needs and that such
investments can increase the cost of housing.
Chapter 2.4 (Mobility)
Chapter 2.5 (Ecology and Sustainability)
Chapter 3.1 (Sidewalk Zone)
Balance of Community Interests
Balance community-wide objectives with the
interests of neighborhood residents and
minimize displacement of existing residents.
Chapter 2.2 (Land Use)
Chapter 5 (Parks and Open Space)
Urban Design, Design Guidelines and
Neighborhood Fabric
Develop human-scale urban design strategies,
and design guidelines that strengthen and
Chapter 2.6 (Urban Form)
Design standards and guidelines in:
Chapter 3 (Public Realm),
Chapter 4 (Accessibility and Mobility),
Chapter 5 (Parks and Open Space),
Item 2
Attachment D: Summary
of Goals and Objectives
Consistency
Packet Pg. 47
Goals Consistency
support the neighborhood fabric. Infill
development will respect the scale and
character of the surrounding residential
neighborhood.
Chapter 6 (Site and Building Design),
Chapter 7 (Implementation)
NVCAP zoning ordinance
Table 2: NVCAP Objectives
Objectives Consistency
Data Driven Approach:
Employ a data-driven approach that considers
community desires, market conditions and
forecasts, financial feasibility, existing uses
and development patterns, development
capacity, traffic and travel patterns,
historic/cultural and natural resources, need
for community facilities (e.g., schools), and
other relevant data to inform plan policies.
•Existing Conditions Report
•Matadero Creek Renaturalization Report
•Strategic Economic Reports
•340 Portage Ave Historic Resource
Evaluation
•NVCAP Windshield Survey and Preliminary
Historic Resource Eligibility Analysis
Comprehensive User-Friendly Document and
Implementation:
Create a comprehensive but user-friendly
document that identifies the distribution,
location and extent of land uses, planning
policies, development regulations and design
guidelines to enable development and
needed infrastructure investments in the
project area.
The overall document includes graphics, color,
tables organized for optimal readability.
Chapter 2 (Vision), Chapter 3 (Public Realm),
Chapter 4 (Accessibility and Mobility), Chapter 5
(Parks and Open Space), Chapter 6 (Site and
Building Design), Chapter 7 (Implementation)
Guide and Strategy for Staff and Decision
Makers:
Provide a guide and strategy for staff and
decision-makers to bridge the gap between
the goals and policies of the Comprehensive
Plan and individual development projects in
order to streamline future land use and
transportation decisions.
Chapter 2 (Vision), Chapter 7 (Implementation)
Meaningful Community Engagement: Chapter 1.7 (The Community Process)
Item 2
Attachment D: Summary
of Goals and Objectives
Consistency
Packet Pg. 48
Objectives Consistency
Enable a process with meaningful
opportunities for community engagement,
within the defined timeline, and an outcome
(the CAP document) that reflects the
community’s priorities.
Economic Feasibility:
A determination of the economic and fiscal
feasibility of the plan with specific analysis of
market place factors and incentives and
disincentives, as well as a cost-benefit analysis
of public infrastructure investments and
projected economic benefits to the City and
community.
Strategic Economic Reports
Environmental:
A plan that is protective of public health and a
process that complies with the requirements
of the California Environmental Quality Act.
Supplemental Environmental Impact Report
Chapter 2.5 (Ecology and Sustainability)
Chapter 3.3 (Green Infrastructure)
Chapter 5 (Parks and Open Space)
Chapter 6.5 (Sustainable Design)
Item 2
Attachment D: Summary
of Goals and Objectives
Consistency
Packet Pg. 49
PTC and ARB Comments on the Public Draft NVCAP
ID Comment Response
PTC Comments from May 31, 2023
PTC 1 Categorize office uses as neighborhood
serving
Included in the NVCAP Section 2.3
PTC 2 Encourage a mix of residential unit sizes Staff recommended modifications to
include information encouraging a mix of
residential unit sizes (Section 2.2, Page 34.
See Attachment G for more details)
PTC 3 Active uses: should be required, be clearer Included in the NVCAP Section 2.3 including
the revised figure 32
PTC 4 Describe height transitions between high
density residential/mixed use and low
density residential
NVCAP Section 6.1 includes building height
and massing; NVCAP Zoning Ordinance has
reference to Objective Standards related to
daylight plane
PTC 5 Clarify mobility plan for vehicles and
pedestrians
Included in the expanded Chapter 4
(Accessibility and Mobility)
PTC 6 Economic analysis to show shortfall No additional economic analysis was done
due to budget constraints
PTC 7 Describe consistency with Housing Element Staff report describes consistency between
NVCAP and Housing Element
ARB Comments from June 1, 2023
ARB 1 Place table captions above the table Table captions were moved above the table
throughout the document.
ARB 2 Encourage or require more green roofs
(maybe incentivize with additional FAR)
No incentive programs were considered but
green roofs are encouraged in the plan area
per Section 6.6.5.
ARB 3 Only include essential information in the
plan and refer to other documents when
necessary. Example: trees.
After reorganization of the document,
appropriate references were added.
ARB 4 2.1: Make exhibit more realistic Language added that no new or recent
development constructed during
preparation of NVCAP reflected in any
exhibits.
ARB 5 Ground floor height is 15’ too tall? Ground floor height changed to 14’ to be
consistent with Contextual Design Criteria
and Objective Design Standards
ARB 6 Sustainable design (subcommittee of the
ARB): 6.5.4 through 6.5.7.
No substantial recommendations were
provided to be implemented; new
ordinance is underway for bird safe design.
Item 2
Attachment E: NVCAP
Comments from PTC and
ARB and Staff Response
Packet Pg. 50
ID Comment Response
ARB 7 4.6.2 :Provide examples of permeable
pavement.
Updated the Figure 69 in Chapter 4.
ARB 8 2.5: Show more green roofs, solar panels.
Tell more of a story that includes green roof
and solar panels, connection with the open
spaces and creek.
Vertical green spaces
Conceptual figures for the plan added more
green roofs and solar panels but no
additional changes were made to the draft
zoning ordinance as the NVCAP ordinance
follows existing Title 18 requirements on
green roofs and open space requirements.
ARB 9 Figure 42: Provide more setback from
building near creek (see document for
where).
Noted but no changes were made to
graphics.
ARB 10 Figure 46 & 78: This seems inconsistent with
the preferred plan and other illustrative
exhibits because the creek improvement
would occupy portions of these building
envelopes. Shrink the building envelops to
be consistent with the diagram for the creek.
Figure 82 adjusted
ARB 11 3.3: Consider separating out topics The comment addressed by reorganization
of the document.
ARB 12 3.3: These are already in the code, should
refer to the code or master plan
The comment addressed by reorganization
of the document.
ARB 13 Figure 77: Replace this exhibit with one from
the Municipal Code 18.24.
Replaced.
ARB 14 2.4, figure 36: The legend mentions priority,
secondary and tertiary streets. Is this
supposed to be “primary,” etc.? Describe
more what these mean.
Removed legend items for priority
secondary and tertiary and replaced with
bike facility information.
ARB 15 6.4.1: Entries must be raised above
sidewalk grade. Is there any consideration
for ADA compliance when we require this?
Is this already in the zoning code.
No changes made; ADA compliance
required per building code.
ARB 16 Can we encourage exploration and reuse of
existing structures? For example for the
audi building and ash office?
Noted. No changes made.
ARB 17 consider adding a FAR bonus as well to
make projects more viable
No incentive program added; the draft
NVCAP ordinance has its own housing
incentive program but only for affordable
housing with extra height allowed. The
Item 2
Attachment E: NVCAP
Comments from PTC and
ARB and Staff Response
Packet Pg. 51
ID Comment Response
NVCAP already increased density and
height for the plan area.
ARB 18 ground floor uses packet page 85, office
edges are going to want to go near retail so
having office edge near residential edge
may not make so much sense.
No changes are needed. Limited office
allowed. Office edge removed (See the
updated Figure 32 in Chapter 2)
ARB 19 consider having a focused retail corridor.
The retail seems broken up and
unconcentrated now making it less likely to
be viable.
Figure 32 on Ground Floor Edges in Chapter
is updated to show required retail edges
along El Camino Real and encouraged active
edge along Park Boulevard
ARB 20 bird safe building design—UV coated glass
is not a preferred option
No changes made. The Citywide dark sky
and bird safe ordinance will supersede once
adopted.
ARB 21 Better way to refer to “egg-crate” design on
page 159
No changes made.
ARB 22 need clarifications on ground floor entries
(page 110), 4 active doorways every 200
linear feet
The requirement is specific to woonerf.
Revised the language to specify the
requirement is applicable “between park
and ash” on Portage Avenue.
ARB 23 Paseo between buildings—possibility to
connect greenbelt to the rest of the
neighborhood through paseos—would like
to see birdseye view of that
Figure was updated to remove paseos.
Item 2
Attachment E: NVCAP
Comments from PTC and
ARB and Staff Response
Packet Pg. 52
Staff Recommended Modifications to Public Draft NVCAP
Updated: April 2024
Page 1 of 5
Page Chapter/Section Type Staff Recommended Change Reason for Change
Ack. Chapter 1 Text Add: “City Council” in the first paragraph
Add: Former staff information into the Core Team
Add: A new Senior Transportation Planner to the
Core Team
Corrections
vii Chapter 1, Figures Text Change the title to Figure 10: “Conceptual
Tentative Map for the 340 Portage Avenue
Development”
Correction
6 Chapter 1,
Section 1.1
Text Text modification: “This planning effort was
initiated by Palo Alto Initiated by the City Council
to implement”
Correction/refinement
10 Chapter 1,
Section 1.2
Text Text modification: “… the Cloudera Galactic
Headquarters at 395 Page Mill Road and the
newly constructed building at 3045 Park
Boulevard.”
Correction
15 Chapter 1,
Spotlight: Palo
Alto Cannery
Text Text modification: “The former cannery site was
initially developed in April 1918, by Thomas Foon
Chew, the owner of Bayside Canning Company or
affectionately known in the press at the time as
"tThe aAsparagus kKing”.
Correction – capitalization
34 Chapter 2,
Section 2.2
Text The NVCAP land use framework is principally
focused on supporting a variety of housing
options, a diverse range of unit sizes and
bedroom configurations, and price points to
support Palo Alto residents at different stages of
life.
Addressing PTC comment received from a Study
Session on May 31, 2023. (PTC Comment #2 in
Attachment F)
36 Chapter 2, Section
2.2
Text Text modifications to the Maximum Height
columns and removal of the additional notes
regarding 100% affordable housing
Reflecting feedback from ARB and staff on height
limits. Corrections reflecting the changes to the
HIP program for the NVCAP (now references to
18.14)
47 Chapter 2,
Section 2.4, Table 5
Text For Park Boulevard, Bike Facility is corrected to
“Buffered Separated Bike Lanes”
Correction of the bike facility type for Park
Boulevard
48 Chapter 2,
Section 2.4
Text Text modification: “Vehicles Circulation and
Parking”
Correction
Item 2
Attachment F: Staff recommended
modifications to NVCAP
Packet Pg. 53
Staff Recommended Modifications to Public Draft NVCAP
Updated: April 2024
Page 2 of 5
Page Chapter/Section Type Staff Recommended Change Reason for Change
74 Chapter 4,
Section 4.3
Figure Corrections on the Figures 56 and 57: For both
Gateway Intersections 2 and 3, the arrows
illustrating the direction of bicycle travel should
be flipped.
Showing the correct directions of bicycle travel
75 Chapter 4,
Section 4.3
Figure For Gateway Intersection 4: Lambert Avenue and
Ash Street, Figure 58 should be modified as
follows:
- Ash Street south of Lambert (near the
existing Boulware Park) is removed and
become green space for the park
- Add sidewalk along southside of Lambert
Avenue (abutting Boulward Park)
- Remove the sidewalk crossing and along
the Matadero Creek along existing Ash
Street
Making the Gateway Intersection concept
consistent with the Boulware Park and Birch
Street Property Renovation Project.
75 Chapter 4,
Section 4.3
Figure For Gateway Intersection 5, Park Boulevard and
Portage Avenue, Figure 59 should be modified as
follows:
- Show separated bike lanes, not buffered.
- Remove bike box
Making the bike facility consistent with Chapter 2
of the NVCAP. Internal discussion identified the
bike box would not be appropriate for this
particular location.
76 Chapter 4,
Section 4.3
Text For Gateway Intersection 5 (Park Boulevard and
Portage Avenue): remove the following text: “A
bike box on the northbound leg of Park
Boulevard will provide a space for bicyclists to
turn left onto the woonerf. “North Ventura”
gateway signage should be installed at the
entrance to the woonerf.”
Internal discussion identified that the bike box
would not be appropriate for this particular
location.
80 Chapter 4,
Section 4.4 (Park
Boulevard)
Text Add the following text: “4-4.5 Feet” to Table 7
Landscape/Furniture Zone row
Internal discussion identified that the bike
facilities need to be corrected to buffered bike
lanes, and would need a little more than 2’ buffer
shown in the section. Accommodating additional
distance that may be needed for the separated
bike lane.
Item 2
Attachment F: Staff recommended
modifications to NVCAP
Packet Pg. 54
Staff Recommended Modifications to Public Draft NVCAP
Updated: April 2024
Page 3 of 5
Page Chapter/Section Type Staff Recommended Change Reason for Change
80 Chapter 4,
Section 4.4 (Park
Boulevard)
Figure Modify Figure 60 to show separated bike lane
with bollards or plants
Making the bike facility consistent with Chapter 2
of the NVCAP
82 Chapter 4,
Section 4.4 (Olive
Avenue)
Text Text modification for Frontage/Setback row for
Olive Ave Street Design between Park Boulevard
and Ash Street: “Southern Edge: 12.5 10 Feet
from Property Line”
Text modification for Frontage/Setback row for
Olive Ave Street Design between Ash Street and
El Camino Real: “Northern Edge: 12.5 10 Feet
from Property Line
Southern Edge: 10 Feet from Property Line”
Reflection changes to the zoning ordinance per
ARB comments (no more than 10 feet for any
street yard setback)
82 Chapter 4,
Section 4.4 (Olive
Avenue)
Figure Modify Figures 61 and 62 to show setback
distance from 12.5’ to 10’
Reflection changes to the zoning ordinance per
ARB comments (no more than 10 feet for any
street yard setback)
82 Chapter 4,
Section 4.4 (Ash
Street)
Figure Flip the Figure 63 to have the shared path on the
eastern edge
The direction of travel for bicycles and the
proposed changes to the street sections requires
a change in the location of the shared path
89 Chapter 4,
Section 4.4 (Pepper
Avenue)
Figure Modify Figure 66 to:
- Change the distance of tree bed to 4.5’
for both side of the street
- Change the distance for clear walkway to
5 feet (from a total of 9’ – 4.5’ + 3.5’) for
both side of the street
Minimizing interruption to the private street and
making the sidewalk (clear walkway) at its
minimum at 5 feet (ADA requirement). The
distance for tree beds have been changed to 4.5
feet to accommodate the change.
88 Chapter 4,
Section 4.4 (Pepper
Avenue)
Text Modify Table 11 to:
- Change the frontage/setback to 10’
- Change the pedestrian clear zone to 5’
- Change the landscape/furniture zone to
4.5 feet for both northern/southern
edge
94 Chapter 4, Text Modify Landscape/Furniture Zone row of Table
13 to 9.5 feet from 7.5 feet
Correcting the landscape/furniture zone distance
to ensure the total street width is 27.5 feet
Item 2
Attachment F: Staff recommended
modifications to NVCAP
Packet Pg. 55
Staff Recommended Modifications to Public Draft NVCAP
Updated: April 2024
Page 4 of 5
Page Chapter/Section Type Staff Recommended Change Reason for Change
Section 4.4
(Lambert Avenue)
94 Chapter 4,
Section 4.4
(Lambert Avenue)
Figure Modify Figure 70 to show the clear walkway
distance to 8 feet (from 10 feet) and the tree bed
distance to 9.5 feet (from 7.5 feet)
Correcting distances to ensure the total street
width is 27.5 feet
95 Chapter 4,
Section 4.4 (El
Camino Real)
Figure Modify Figure 71 to replace tree bed with tree
grate without grass, similar to South El Camino
Real Design Guidelines, Page 24
Making El Camino Real consistent with other
sections
95 Chapter 4,
Section 4.4 (El
Camino Real)
Text Text modification for Frontage/Setback row:
Minimum 5 Feet
Maximum 10 Feet
0 - 10 feet to create an 8 - 12-foot effective
sidewalk width
Making consistent with the current El Camino
Real street yard setback and making it consistent
with the proposed NVCAP zoning ordinance
information
96 Chapter 4,
Section 4.4 (Page
Mill Road)
Text Text modification for Frontage/Setback row:
Minimum 5 Feet
Maximum 10 Feet
0 - 10 feet to create an 8 - 12-foot effective
sidewalk width
Making it consistent with the proposed NVCAP
zoning ordinance information
96 Chapter 4,
Section 4.4 (Page
Mill Road)
Figure Flip Figure 72 to have the building on the right
side
The street section illustration is showing the
flipped image of the actual conditions (building
on the right side)
102 Chapter 4, Section
4.6
Text Add the following text to 4.6.3:
“No more than 10 percent of new surface
parking shall be allowed within the plan area.
Where new buildings are not proposed, existing
surface parking spaces can remain to support
remaining commercial offices.”
While discouraging surface parking within the
plan area, providing some flexibility
117 Chapter 6,
Section 6.1
Figure The 55 feet height area on the Portage Avenue
side of the block between Ash Street, Lambert
Avenue, and Park Boulevard to be removed
The height area with 55’ height limit is a NV-PF
zone. It is reflecting the maximum height limit for
100% affordable housing projects in NV-PF zone.
Item 2
Attachment F: Staff recommended
modifications to NVCAP
Packet Pg. 56
Staff Recommended Modifications to Public Draft NVCAP
Updated: April 2024
Page 5 of 5
Page Chapter/Section Type Staff Recommended Change Reason for Change
117 Chapter 6,
Section 6.1
Figure Reflect the height increase:
- NV-R3 to 45’
- NV-MXM to 55’
- NV-R4 and NV-MXH to 65’
Modified to accommodate the ARB feedback
(which had higher height for NV-R3 and NV-
MXM) but reduced to the staff recommended
changes to minimize impact to the abutting low
density residential areas.
Item 2
Attachment F: Staff recommended
modifications to NVCAP
Packet Pg. 57
North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan
Draft Plan: March 2024
Item 2
Attachment F: Staff recommended
modifications to NVCAP
Packet Pg. 58
North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan
Acknowledgments
City staff along Working Group members and consultants started working on the North Ventura
Coordinated Area Plan (NVCAP) in 2018. Thanks to all the Working Group members, City Council,
boards and commission members, and members of the public who contributed their expertise,
guidance, ideas, and feedback towards this Plan. Staff looks forward to working together on the
implementation of this Plan.
NVCAP WORKING GROUP MEMBERS
Angela Dellaporta (Co Chair) Gail Price (Co Chair) Kirsten Flynn
Terry Holzemer Heather Rosen Lund Smith
Yunan Song Tim Steele Siyi Zhang
Alexander Lew Keith Reckdahl Doria Summa
Waldemar Kaczmarski Lakiba Pittman
CORE TEAM
Jonathan Lait Director of Planning and Development Services
Clare Campbell Manager of Long-Range Planning, Planning and Development Services
Kelly Cha Senior Planner, Project Manager, Planning and Development Services
Claire Raybould Principal Planner, Planning and Development Services
Chitra Moitra Planner, Planning and Development Services
Sylvia Star-Lack Transportation Planning Manager, Office of Transportation
Shrupath Pate Transportation Planner, Office of Transportation
Charlie Coles Senior Transportation Planner, Office of Transportation
Jessica Setiawan Senior Business Analyst, Planning and Development Services
Rachael Tanner Assitant Director, Planning and Development Services (former)
Elena Lee Project Manager, Planning and Development Services (former)
Sheldon S. Ah Sing Project Manager, Planning and Development Services (former)
SPECIAL THANKS TO SPECIAL THANKS TO
The City’s North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan was made possible with funding provided by Valley
Transportation Authority (VTA)’s Priority Development Area (PDA) Planning Grant and private funds
from Sobrato Organization.
CONSULTANT AND CONTRIBUTORS
Perkins & Will, Primary Consultant
Arup, Mobility
Strategic Economics, Economic Study
BKF, Infrastructure
Plan to Place, Engagement
WRA, Environmental Consultants, Matadero Creek Study
Page & Turnbull, Historic Preservation Consultants
David J Powers and Associates, Environmental Consultants and Planners
Item 2
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modifications to NVCAP
Packet Pg. 59
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Figures
Figure 1 Photograph of architect Mike Lyzwa hold-
ing a model of a proposed building at the
intersection of Page Mill Road and Park
Boulevard, circa 1984, xii. Credit: Palo Alto
Historical Association.
Figure 2 Photograph of the Cannery monitor roof
supergraphic on the former Fry’s site, 3. Credit: Perkins&Will
Figure 3 Bird’s eye photograph of the NVCAP
Plan Area circa 1957, 4. Credit: Palo Alto
Historical Association.
Figure 4 Priority Development Areas (PDA) in the Bay Area, 7.
Figure 5 Matadero Creek Existing Conditions, 8.
Credit: Perkins&Will
Figure 6 Former Cannery Building Existing
Conditions, 8. Credit: Perkins&Will
Figure 7 Existing Conditions of the NVCAP
Plan Area, 9.
Figure 8 Existing Zoning Districts of the NVCAP, 11.
Figure 9 Photographs of recent development,
12. Credit: Premier Properties, Level 10
Construction.
Figure 10 Conceptual Tentative Map for the 340
Portage Avenue Development
Figure 11 1941 aerial photograph of the Sutter
Packing Company. Credit: Fairchild
Aerial Surveys, Flight C-7065, Frame 92,
Collection of UC Santa Barbara. Edited by
Page & Turnbull, 14.
Figure 12 Gabled addition attached to the southernmost monitor roof of 340 Portage
Avenue. View northeast. Credit: Page &
Turnbull, 14.
Figure 13 A portion of the southwest facade of the
former office building. Credit: Page &
Turnbull, 15.
Figure 14 Thomas Foon Chew with two foremen at his canning plant in Alviso. Credit: Our
Town of Palo Alto, 15.
Figure 15 Sutter Packing Plant, 1940. Credit: Palo Alto
Historical Association, 15.
Figure 16 An illustrative example of low-cost buffered
bike lanes and intersection improvements,
17. Credit: Perkins&Will
Figure 17 Building 0 in San Francisco, CA, an
example of mixed-income multi-family
apartments next to a public park, 17. Credit:
Perkins&Will
Figure 18 A breakout discussion during the NVCAP
working group meeting, 19. Credit: City of
Palo Alto
Figure 19 Documenting feedback during a working
group design charrette, 19. Credit:
Perkins&Will
Figure 20 A worksession during the NVCAP working
group meeting, 24. Credit: City of Palo Alto
Figure 21 A sketching session and report back during
the NVCAP working group meeting, 26.
Credit: City of Palo Alto
Figure 22 A presentation during a community
workshop, 27. Credit: Perkins&Will
CHAPTER 2: THE VISION
Figure 23 The NVCAP Preferred Plan, 30.
Figure 24 NVCAP Land Use Framework, 32.
Figure 25 Example of High-Density Mixed Use
Development in Palo Alto, 34 Credit:
Steinberg Architects
Figure 26 Example of Medium Density Mixed Use
Development in Palo Alto, 34. Credit: BDE
Architecture
Figure 27 Example of Low-Density Mixed Use
Development, 35 Credit: WHA
Figure 28 Example of High-Density Residential
Development in Palo Alto, 35 Credit: Redfin
Figure 29 Example of Medium Density Residential Development in Palo Alto, 35. Credit:
Compass
Figure 30 Example of Low-Density Resident
Development, 35 Credit: Google
Figure 31 The Cloudera Galactic HQ is located at 395
Page Mill Road, 36. Credit: Perkins&Will
Figure 32 NVCAP Ground Floor Edges Framework, 38.
Figure 33 Building lobbies and other accessory
spaces to residential uses are considered
active uses, 40. Credit: Perkins&Will
Figure 34 Neighborhood-serving retail along major
boulevards like El Camino Real, 41. Credit:
Bruce Damonte
Figure 35 Residential stoops should be set back and
elevated to provide privacy for residents,
41. Credit: Perkins&Will
Figure 36 NVCAP Mobility Framework, 42.
Figure 37 NVCAP Pedestrian Network, 44.
Figure 38 View of the Bell Street Woonerf in Seattle,
Washington, 45. Credit: Puget Sound
Business Journal
Figure 39 Bike Facility Degree of Separation, 46.
Figure 40 NVCAP Bike Network Framework, 47.
Figure 41 NVCAP Vehicle and Parking Framework, 49.
Figure 42 NVCAP Ecology and Sustainability
Framework, 50.
Figure 43 A conceptual design for the future Public
park, 52.
Figure 44 An example of a restored creek in San Luis
Obispo, CA, 53. Credit: Food and Wine
Safari
Figure 45 An example of green infrastructure
integrated with street furnishings, 53.
Credit: AJ Landskap
Figure 46 NVCAP Urban Form Framework , 54.
Figure 47 Internal streets have height allowances
that are conducive with missing middle
housing like townhomes, 56.
Credit: Perkins&Will
CHAPTER 3: PUBLIC REALM
Figure 48 The Sidewalk Zone, 58.
Figure 49 Bioretention, 61. Credit: City of Palo Alto
Figure 50 Dark sky compliant exterior light fixtures
helps mitigate light pollution and the
health of both humans and wildlife, 62.
Credit: Edgar Zacarias via Foursquare.
Figure 51 Dark sky compliant exterior light fixtures
helps mitigate light pollution and the
health of both humans and wildlife, 63.
Credit: Edgar Zacarias via Foursquare.
Figure 52 Neighborhood map and directional
signage are effective wayfinding tools for
visitors to the NVCAP, 64.
Figure 53 An example of a recent public art installa-
tion, 65. Credit: Passages by Susan Zocco-
la.
vii North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan viii
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modifications to NVCAP
Packet Pg. 60
1.1
Context
The purpose of the NVCAP is to capture the City’s vision for the North
Ventura neighborhood into a regulatory document that will guide
the future development of the 60-acre plan area, including land use,
development standards, and design guidelines.
This planning effort was initiated by Palo Alto
Initiated by the City Council to implement
Comprehensive Plan Program L-4.10, which states
the following,
Prepare a Coordinated Area Plan
for the North Ventura area and
surrounding California Avenue area.
The Plan should describe a vision for
the future of the North Ventura area as
a walkable neighborhood with multi-
family housing, ground-floor retail, a
public park, creek improvements, and
an interconnected street grid. It should
guide the development of the California
Avenue area as a well-designed mixed-
use district with diverse land uses and a
network of pedestrian-oriented streets.
The NVCAP aligns with the Comprehensive Plan
policy, however, the Plan Area focuses solely on
the North Ventura neighborhood.
On November 6, 2017, the City Council adopted
Resolution 9717, authorizing the filing of an
application to the Metropolitan Transportation
Commission for a Priority Development Area
Grant for the North Ventura Coordinated Area
Plan. The Council expressed local support and
commitment of necessary matching funds and
assurance of the completion of the project.
City Policies
The Region
The Bay Area is expected to be home to an
additional 1.4 million households by 2050. It
is essential that housing, transportation, and
other types of land uses work together – as
part of a regional growth framework – create
an equitable, prosperous future for all Bay Area
communities and make the best use of available
resources. Priority Development Areas (PDA) are
a key piece of the Bay Area’s regional growth
framework.
Approximately 70% of the Plan Area is located
within the California Avenue PDA, which was
selected as a PDA based on excellent access to
transit, the proximity of the existing California
Avenue Business District, and the availability of
underutilized parcels of land.
Figure 4 Priority Development Areas (PDA)
in the Bay Area
Palo Alto Growth Projections
According to the City’s Housing Element Update,
the total population is projected to grow to
82,835 people by 2030 and 86,510 people by
2040.
Historically, the number of new homes built in
the Bay Area has not kept pace with demand,
resulting in longer commutes, increasing prices,
and exacerbating issues of displacement and
homelessness. The number of new homes in Palo
Alto increased 3.8 percent from 2010 to 2020,
which is below the growth rate for Santa Clara
County and below the growth rate of the region’s
housing stock during this time period. At the
same time, Palo Alto’s population increased 6
percent.
Table 1 Historical Population and Growth
in Palo Alto, 1980 - 2040
Sources: U.S. Census 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010, California Department of Finance 2021
and ABAG Plan Bay Area 2040 Projections
* Projections
Comprehensive Plan Policy 1.7: Use
coordinated area plan to guide
development
Comprehensive Plan (Program
L-4.10.1): Prepare a coordinated area
plan for the North Ventura area and
surrounding California Avenue area.
On November 6, 2017, the City Council
adopted a Resolution expressing
local support and commitment for the
preparation of the NVCAP.
Year Population Numerical
Change
Percent
Change
1980 55,225 741 1%
1990 55,900 675 1%
2000 58,598 2,698 5%
2010 64,403 5,805 10%
2020 68,145 3,254 6%
2030*82,835*15,178*22%*
2040*86,510*3,675*4%*
California Avenue PDA
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Figure 8 Existing Zoning Districts of the NVCAP
ROLM
GM
GM
GM
CS
CS
CS
CS
R-1
R-1
RM-30
RM-30
RM-30
PC
Land Use and Zoning
The North Ventura neighborhood is already
made up of a mix of multi-family and single-
family residential, office, service, and retail
uses. Service commercial uses are concentrated
along El Camino Real, Lambert Avenue, and
the southern segment of Portage Avenue.
Additionally, office uses are located primarily
along Page Mill Road and Park Boulevard,
the most notable anchors being the Cloudera
Galactic Headquarters at 395 Page Mill Road
and the newly constructed building at 3045 Park
Boulevard.
About 70% of residential units in North Ventura
are single-family detached homes, most built
before 1950. Single-family homes occupy about
10 percent of the Plan Area and are generally
found along Pepper Avenue and Olive Avenue.
The Park Plaza Apartments is the most notable
multi-family residential development within
the Plan Area, situated at the corner of Park
Boulevard and Page Mill Road.
1.2
Table 2 Existing Zoning Designations
Zoning Map
Designation District Name
R-1 Single-family residence district
RM-30 Medium density multiple-family residence district
CS Service commercial district
ROLM Research, office and limited manufacturing district
GM General manufacturing district
CN Neighborhood commercial district
PC Planned community district
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Spotlight:
Palo Alto Cannery
Historic Resource Evaluation 340 Portage Avenue
Draft Palo Alto, California
April 11, 2019 - 31 - Page & Turnbull, Inc.
Figure 73: 1941 aerial photograph of the Sutter Packing Company. Subject property outlined in
orange. Office building outlined in blue. Source: Fairchild Aerial Surveys, Flight C-7065, Frame 92,
Collection of UC Santa Barbara. Edited by Page & Turnbull.
Figure 72. Sutter Packing Plant, 1940. Source: Palo Alto Historical Association.
Historic Resource Evaluation 340 Portage Avenue Draft Palo Alto, California
April 11, 2019 - 38 - Page & Turnbull, Inc.
1972 Bemiss & Jason Corp, shipping, receiving, paper products manufacturing 300 Portage Avenue 1962 Tubes & Cores Inc, paper products 1976 Ceilcote Company Inc, distribution office 303 Portage Avenue 1961-1965 Advance Transformer Co 1961-1976 James R W Packaging, packing, crating, and shipping 340 Portage Avenue 1985 Basket Galleria, Inc. ca. 1990-Present Fry’s Electronics 370 Portage Avenue 2002-2004 Lyncean Technologies
380 Portage Avenue
2006 Danger, Inc.
2016 – Present: Playground Global, technology
Select Owner and Occupant Biographies
The following biographies have been researched for longer-term owners and occupants.
Thomas Foon Chew (1887-1931) and the Bayside Canning Company (1918-1936)
Thomas Foon Chew was born in
China around 1887, likely in the
Loong Kai District of Guangdong
Province, and became one of the
richest and most influential Chinese-
Americans in California. His father,
Sai Yen Chew, emigrated to San
Francisco when Thomas was a child,
where he founded a small canning
operation, Precinta Canning, around
1890. According to family members,
Chew brought his son, Thomas,
from China to San Francisco
sometime around 1897, where he
gained his first introduction to the
canning business. Precinta Canning
was located near Broadway and
Sansome in San Francisco’s old Chinatown. The small cannery was equipped with a single 40-
Figure 76: Thomas Foon Chew with two foremen at his
canning plant in Alviso. Source: Our Town of Palo Alto.
https://ourtownofpaloalto.wordpress.com/2016/12/30/histor
y-of-mayfields-chinatown/
Historic Resource Evaluation 340 Portage Avenue Draft Palo Alto, California
April 11, 2019 - 31 - Page & Turnbull, Inc.
Figure 73: 1941 aerial photograph of the Sutter Packing Company. Subject property outlined in orange. Office building outlined in blue. Source: Fairchild Aerial Surveys, Flight C-7065, Frame 92, Collection of UC Santa Barbara. Edited by Page & Turnbull.
Figure 72. Sutter Packing Plant, 1940. Source: Palo Alto Historical Association.
The southeast corner of the parcel
contains a one-story wood frame
building. The building, located on
Ash Street next the former cannery
building, is used as an office. The
building appears to have been initially
built as a dormitory for the cannery
employees sometime between 1918
and 1925 and was moved to its current
location in 1940. The building features
a front-gabled roof, wraparound porch
with a shed roof, and wood lap siding.
Historic Resource Evaluation 340 Portage Avenue
Draft Palo Alto, California
April 11, 2019 - 13 - Page & Turnbull, Inc.
Figure 23. The loading platform or cooling
porch converted into a patio with replacement
aluminum frame garage door window. View
northeast.
Figure 24. Rooftop parapet and small gabled
roof in middle section of northwest façade.
View northeast.
Figure 25. Gabled addition attached to the
southernmost monitor roof of 340 Portage
Avenue. View northeast.
Figure 26. Close-up of the gabled and flat-
roofed additions. View northeast.
Figure 27. A portion of the concrete loading
platform or cooling porch with its shed awning
and wood post-and-beam supports in the
middle section of the northwest façade. View
northeast.
Figure 28. Outlines of shallow gabled roofs are
visible along the concrete platform. View
southeast.
Figure 11 1941 aerial photograph of the Sutter Packing
Company. Source: Fairchild Aerial Surveys, Flight
C-7065, Frame 92, Collection of UC Santa Barbara.
Edited by Page & Turnbull.
Figure 12 Gabled addition attached to the southernmost
monitor roof of 340 Portage Avenue. View northeast. Source: Page & Turnbull
Historic Resource Evaluation 340 Portage Avenue Draft Palo Alto, California
April 11, 2019 - 20 - Page & Turnbull, Inc.
Figure 57. A portion of the southwest façade of
the former office building. View northeast.
Figure 58. The rear portion of the southwest
façade of the former office building. View
northwest.
SURROUNDING NEIGHBORHOOD
The subject property is located in the Ventura neighborhood, which is surrounded by the Evergreen
Park, St. Claire Gardens, Charleston Meadow, Barron Park, Neal, and College Terrace
neighborhoods in Palo Alto. The immediate surroundings of the subject property consist of office
and commercial buildings, several of which appear to have been influenced by the industrial
architecture of the property at 340 Portage Avenue, and parking lots associated with these properties
(Figure 59 to Figure 62). Single-family residential buildings along Olive Avenue border the subject
property to the west (Figure 63).
Figure 59. A neighboring property on Park
Boulevard to the east of Matadero Creek. View
southeast.
Figure 60. An office building at 3101 Park
Boulevard. View northeast.
The former cannery site was initially
developed in April 1918, by Thomas
Foon Chew, the owner of Bayside
Canning Company or affectionately
known in the press at the time as “The
Asparagus King”. This was intended
to be Mr. Chew’s second cannery; the
first cannery was built nearby in Alviso,
California. The Palo Alto cannery
was strategically located alongside a
railroad spur of the Southern Pacific
Railroad’s Los Gatos branch, which
facilitated shipments, and Matadero
Creek for a ready water supply.
The cannery was expanded over
the next several decades. The site
operated as the Bay Side Cannery and
then as the Sutter Packing Company in
1929. The cannery continued to grow
through World War II and was closed
in 1949.
Although the building has undergone
some exterior alterations throughout
the expansion, aerial photos show
that from 1965, the building continues
to have the same shape and general
form as now. Following the closure of
the cannery, the site has been occupied
by an anchor retailer Maximart and
other retail and office uses. The next
significant and largest tenant, Fry’s
Electronics, continued to occupy the
site until the end of 2019.
Figure 13 A portion of the southwest facade of the former
office building. Source: Page & Turnbull
Figure 14 Thomas Foon Chew with two foremen at his canning
plant in Alviso. Source: Our Town of Palo Alto.
Figure 15 Sutter Packing Plant, 1940. Source: Palo Alto
Historical Association
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Some of the most distinctive features
include the monitor roofs, capped with
composition shingles and clad with
corrugated metal, wood clerestory
ribbon windows and wire glass
skylights.
At the heart of the NVCAP is the 12.5-
acre 340 Portage Avenue property.
What appears to be one large
building on the parcel is composed
of approximately ten buildings that
were constructed at various times
between 1918 and 1949. The building
is surrounded by a narrow parking lot
to the north and a larger parking lot
to the south bounded by Matadero
Creek. The rectangular former cannery
building features walls that are
concrete, corrugated metal or wood
siding, with a variety of roof shapes.
14 North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan 15
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2.2
Residential
The NVCAP land use framework is principally
focused on supporting a variety of housing
options, a diverse range of unit sizes and
bedroom configurations, and price points to
support Palo Alto residents at different stages of
life. Residential density will depend on its location
within the Plan Area. For example, mixed use
midrise development will be encouraged along
commercial corridors whereas townhomes will
be encouraged adjacent to existing residential
development.
The land use designations listed below are
calibrated for a wide range of multi-family
housing typologies:
High-Density Mixed Use
The high-density mixed-use designation is
located along the southern segment of El Camino
Real. The designation is intended to support
five- to six-story mid-rise apartment buildings.
This designation requires active uses for ground
floor frontages with retail requirements at specific
nodes along El Camino Real, to support its role as
a regional commercial corridor. The designation
requires that upper stories be residential.
Medium-Density Mixed Use
The medium-density mixed-use designation is
located on the northern segment of El Camino
Real and Page Mill Road. The designation is
intended to support four- to five-story mid-rise
apartment buildings. This designation requires
active uses for ground floor frontages with retail
requirements at specific nodes along El Camino
Real, to support its role as a regional commercial
corridor. The designation requires that upper
stories be residential.
Project Goals
Housing and Land Use
Add to the City’s supply of multi-
family housing, including market rate,
affordable, “missing middle,” and senior
housing in a walkable, mixed-use, transit-
accessible neighborhood, with retail and
commercial services, open space, and
possibly arts and entertainment uses.
Balance of Community Interests
Balance community-wide objectives
with the interests of neighborhood
residents and minimize displacement of
existing residents.
Low-Density Mixed Use
The low-density mixed-use designation serves
as a transition between the high-density mixed-
use area and the low-density residential areas
located in the interior of the plan area. The
designation area is also located along Ash
Street and Portage Avenue, to support mid-
to-low-rise multi-family development near the
proposed public park. Active ground floor uses
are encouraged but not required. Residential is
required on the upper floors.
High-Density Residential
The high-density residential designation is
located on the large 395 Page Mill Road site and
is targed towards development on the surface
parking lots.
Medium-Density Residential
The medium-density residential designation
is located at the 340 Portage Avenue site to
support the long-term goal of supporting
additional housing in the plan area. The
designation requires that both the ground
floor and upper floors are residential use. The
designation is intended to support a mix of
townhouses and mid-rise apartments. Allowable
heights are calibrated to support sensitive
structures such as the Cannery building.
Figure 25 Example of High-Density
Mixed Use in Palo Alto
Figure 26 Example of Medium-Density
Mixed Use in Palo Alto
Figure 27 Example of Low-Density
Mixed Use in Palo Alto
Figure 28 Example of High Density
Residential in Palo Alto
Figure 29 Example of Medium Density
Residential in Palo Alto
Low-Density Residential
The low-density residential designation is
calibrated to both facilitate new housing
development while also being sensitive to the
existing single-family neighborhood fabric -
located along Pepper Avenue and Olive Avenue.
This area of existing single-family homes has
been designated as an area of stability and will
not experience a significant degree of change.
Figure 30 Example of Low Density
Residential in Palo Alto
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Street From To Bike Facility
El Camino Real Page Mill Road Lambert Avenue Separated and/or Buffered
Bike Lane along segment
Ash Street
Page Mill Road Olive Avenue Shared Use Path
Acacia Avenue Lambert Avenue Bicycle Boulevard
Park Boulevard Page Mill Road Lambert Avenue Buffered Separated Bike
Lanes
Page Mill Road El Camino Real Park Boulevard Separated or Buffered Bike
Lanes
Olive Avenue El Camino Real Park Boulevard Bicycle Boulevard with Wide
Sidewalks
Portage Avenue
El Camino Real Ash Street Shared Use Path or Bicycle Boulevard
Ash Street Park Boulevard Woonerf or Shared Use Path
Bike Network
The NVCAP will feature a high-quality, “low-
stress” bikeway network that will be comfortable
for people of all ages and abilities to use. The
proposed network will be integrated into the
citywide network to ensure safe, convenient
connections to the adjacent neighborhoods. This
will be achieved by selecting bicycle facilities that
prioritize safety and comfort based on vehicle
speeds and volumes, and with intersections
that have appropriate bike-specific crossing
treatments and traffic control. Wayfinding
signage and ample bicycle parking are also
integral elements of the network. The bicycle
network will support a range of users, including
the future integration of scooters, e-bikes, and
other micromobility devices.
The low-stress bike network will include
separated bicycle lanes on busier streets, bicycle
boulevards on calmer neighborhood streets,
and well-designed intersections throughout the
project Plan.
Shared-Use Paths are off-street, two-way
bikeways physically separated from motor vehicle
traffic and used by people bicycling, walking, and
other non-motorized users.
Separated Bike Lanes are dedicated bikeways
that combine the user experience of a multi-
use path but are located on a street. They
are physically distinct from the sidewalk and
separated from motor vehicle traffic by physical
objects such as parked vehicles, a curb, green
stormwater infrastructure, or posts.
2.4
Buffered Bike Lanes provide dedicated on-street
space for bicyclists delineated with a designated
buffer space separating the bicycle lane from the
adjacent motor vehicle travel lane.
Bicycle Boulevards are streets with low vehicle
volumes and speeds, designated and designed
to prioritize bicyclists. Bicycle boulevards use
signs, pavement markings, and speed and
volume management measures to discourage
vehicle cut-through trips and include safe,
convenient bicycle crossings of busy arterials.
The 2012 Bicycle and Pedestrian Transportation
Plan includes a potential future grade-separated
pedestrian and bicycle crossing of Caltrain/
Alma Street, either near Matadero Creek/
Park Boulevard or between Margarita and
Loma Verde Avenues. This project is outside of
the NVCAP boundary but will close the gap
between existing crossings and greatly improve
east-west connectivity in conjunction with other
improvements.
Gateway Intersections
The intersections surrounding the Plan Area will
be enhanced to improve access, safety, and
connectivity to adjacent neighborhoods. This is
particularly important for pedestrian and bicycle
safety, as the current intersections’ designs largely
prioritize vehicular speed and access. New design
guidance and signal technology advancements
offer options for improved intersection
interactions between people walking, biking,
and driving. In particular, intersections on the
bicycle network with a high potential for conflicts
between bicycles and vehicles must be designed
thoughtfully.
Figure 39 Bike Facility Degree of Separation
Figure 40 NVCAP Bike Network Framework
Table 5 Bicycle Facility Classifications
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Separated
Bike Lane
Publicly Accessible
Shared Paths on
Private Property
Woonerf
Bike Boulevard
External Bike
Connections
Project Boundary
Legend Shared Paths
46 North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan 47
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2.4
Transit
The success of transit is strongly dependent
upon the level of convenience that is offered
to the patron. Currently, the North Ventura
neighborhood contains two transit stops: a mid-
block stop located at El Camino Real and Portage
Avenue and a far-side stop located at El Camino
Real and Page Mill Road. The mobility framework
focuses on designing intuitive, accessible, and
safe routes to transit through priority pedestrian
and bike streets, wayfinding signage to navigate
to Caltrain, enhanced bus stop amenities for
passengers, and a mobility hub along Portage
Avenue.
Vehicles Circulation and Parking
The mobility framework serves the needs of
existing and future development with vehicle
and parking strategies aimed to prioritize local
circulation and access, encourage low speeds,
and determine right-sized parking capacity.
To support local access and mitigate cut-through
traffic, the Plan proposes to convert Ash Street
from Page Mill Road to Olive Avenue into a one-
way southbound street. Olive Avenue from Ash
Street to El Camino Real will remain a two-way
street.
Vehicular traffic on the woonerf on Portage
Avenue is permitted but should be discouraged.
Vehicle circulation in this area will be primarily
for access to buildings located on the woonerf.
Acacia Avenue from Ash Street to Park Boulevard
will be a private aisle for accessing residential
frontage on Acacia Avenue for parking and
unloading.
In compliance with AB-2097, no parking
minimums are to be set as the neighborhood
is near a Caltrain Station. However, there
will also be no parking maximums, allowing
the neighborhood to follow a market-based
regulatory approach. No new surface parking
is proposed, and new parking supply should be
implemented on the ground or basement levels
of new buildings. Where new buildings are not
proposed, existing surface parking spaces are
to remain to support remaining commercial
offices. Street parking is to remain in front of
single-family homes on Pepper Avenue and Olive
Spotlight:
Mobility Hub
Mobility hubs are places in a community that
bring together public transit, bike share, car
share and other sustainable transportation
modes. The MTC Mobility Hub Program has
identified the North Ventura neighborhood
as a candidate for a mobility hub. This
neighborhood’s proximity to the proposed
public park, the California Avenue Caltrain
Station, and bus stops on El Camino Real
provides important connections to regional
transit and micromobility pathways. The
neighborhood mobility hub is proposed at the
intersection of Portage Avenue and El Camino
Real. This location is ideal given its proximity
to varying active frontage uses as well as the
proposed woonerf. Proposed amenities could
include:
• Transit shelters and waiting areas.
• Bicycle parking facilities.
• Shared mobility (bike share, scooter share, etc.) access points.
• Electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure.
• Designated parking for car share services.
• Real-time travel information signage and interactive displays.
• Area maps and bulletins promoting local amenities and events.
• Monitoring systems to measure ridership, mobility, security, and public life metrics.
• Digital and physical wayfinding tools.
Avenue, with no new street parking proposed
along new developments. Street parking near
intersections should be restricted to ensure
large vehicles and emergency vehicles are
able to safely make turns. To support the new
ground-floor retail and active use frontage in
new buildings, short-term parking should be
implemented on the ground or basement levels
of the new developments.
Transportation Demand
Management (TDM) Strategies
TDM strategies can be effective at encouraging
fewer trips made by single-occupancy vehicles
(SOV). An effective TDM Plan ensures that
alternative modes of transportation, such as
walking, bicycling, public transit, or other forms
of shared mobility, are made available to site
occupants and nearby community members.
TDM enhancements have additional benefits
beyond reducing SOV trips, including:
•Improving the environment by reducing traffic
congestion and air quality impacts produced by
new development.
•Improving transportation circulation and safety
conditions for community members.
•Quality of life enhancements that improve the
public realm.
Figure 41 NVCAP Vehicle Movement and Parking Framework
Major Intersection
Improvements
Minor Intersection
Improvements
Traffic Signals
Project Boundary
Vehicular Movement
Vehicular Street on Private Property
Surface Parking
Vehicular Street
Legend
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Gateway Intersection 4:
Lambert Avenue and Ash Street
A raised crosswalk with advance yield lines would
be located on the east side of the intersection.
This will provide a direct connection for the
proposed path along Matadero Creek between
John Boulware Park and the proposed park
on the NVCAP site. The segment of Ash Street
adjacent to Boulware Park is being removed and
will become a part of the park. North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan Draft Document: January 2023
9
4. Lambert Avenue/Ash Street
A raised crosswalk with advance yield lines will be located on the east side of the intersection. This will provide a direct connection for the proposed path along Matadero Creek between John Boulware Park and the proposed park on the NVCAP site.
5. Park Boulevard/Portage Avenue
This intersection is the primary access point into the woonerf along Portage Avenue. The intersection will be stop-controlled and have high visibility crosswalks on all approaches. A bike box on the northbound leg of Park Boulevard will provide a space for bicyclists to turn left onto the woonerf. “North Ventura” gateway signage should be installed at the entrance to the woonerf.
Figure 58 Lambert Avenue and Ash Street Conceptual Intersection Design
ADA Ramp
Sidewalk
Matadero Creek
Legend
Gateway Intersection 5:
Park Boul vard and Portage Avenue
This intersection is the primary access point
into the woonerf along Portage Avenue. The
intersection would be stop-controlled and have
high visibility crosswalks on all approaches.
A bike box on the northbound leg of Park
Boulevard will provide a space for bicyclists
to turn left onto the woonerf. “North Ventura”
gateway signage should be installed at the
entrance to the woonerf.
North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan Draft Document: January 2023
9
4. Lambert Avenue/Ash Street
A raised crosswalk with advance yield lines will be located on the east side of the intersection. This will provide a direct connection for the proposed path along Matadero Creek between John Boulware Park and the proposed park on the NVCAP site.
5. Park Boulevard/Portage Avenue
This intersection is the primary access point into the woonerf along Portage Avenue. The intersection will be stop-controlled and have high visibility crosswalks on all approaches. A bike box on the northbound leg of Park Boulevard will provide a space for bicyclists to turn left onto the woonerf. “North Ventura” gateway signage should be installed at the entrance to the woonerf.
Figure 59 Park Boulevard and Portage Avenue Conceptual Intersection Design
ADA Ramp
Sidewalk
Bicycle Lane
Legend
76 North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan 77
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Street Sections
Park Boulevard
Park Boulevard is a priority north-south bicycle
and pedestrian street that connects the NVCAP
Plan Area to the California Avenue Caltrain
Station and terminates at the California Avenue
Business District. The street emphasizes multi-
modal transportation with wide pedestrian
sidewalks, bi-directional buffered bike lanes, and
a two-way flow of vehicles is maintained. Park
Boulevard is designated as a citywide pollinator
pathway, the design of the street prioritizes
a connected canopy of trees and a lush,
landscaped streetscape to support the health
and comfort of both people and wildlife.
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10’2’59’10’5’8’20’4.5’2’5’4.5’8’5’
Clear
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Tree
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Building Entries New development shall provide
a primary entry or entries on Park Boulevard.
Frontage / Setback Western Edge: 20 Feet from
Property Line
Eastern Edge: 5 Feet from
Property Line
Pedestrian Clear Zone 8 Feet
Landscape / Furniture Zone 4-4.5 Feet
Bicycle Facility Separated Buffered Bike Lanes
5 Feet Bike Lane
2-3 Feet Buffer
Parking / Loading No On-Street Parking
Vehicle Travel Lanes 10 Feet
One Lane in Each Direction
4.4.1 Street Design
Guidelines:
4.4.2 Widen the Pedestrian Throughway
Streetscape elements should include:
•Street trees that can create a connective
canopy at full maturity
•Lighting and wayfinding that provides a
neighborhood branding/identity opportunity
•Seating/rest areas for residents and
commuters
•Green Stormwater Infrastructure in the
setbacks, landscape/furniture zone, and if
space allows, the separated buffered bike
lane.
Standards:
Figure 60 Typical Park Boulevard Section
Table 7 Park Boulevard Street Design
western edge eastern edge
4.4
The following street sections, which include street design standards and guidelines, are intended to
illustrate the long term vision of the NVCAP mobility network. The design of the new streets will be built
out over time.
80 North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan 81
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Olive Avenue
Olive Avenue is a priority east-west pedestrian
and bicycle street that creates a direct link
between the commercial activity on El Camino
Real with the multi-modal mobility on Park
Boulevard. Olive Avenue has two distinct street
designs:
Between Park Boulevard and Ash Street, the
street is configured to accommodate comfortable
sidewalks and two-way vehicle travel lanes. Due
to the low traffic volumes and speeds on Olive
Avenue, the street is designated as a bicycle
boulevard which allows cyclists to ride with traffic.
The setback on the northern edge of the street is
20 feet to protect the existing green stormwater
infrastructure along the 395 Page Mill Road
property.
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Clear Walkway
Olive Avenue (Between Park and Ash, Looking towards East)
Drive Lane
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On-Street Parking
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8’
SetbackSetback
59’
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On-Street ParkingDrive Lane
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Drive Lane
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Tree Bed
4’
Tree Bed
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On-Street Parking
Clear Walkway
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Building Entries New development shall provide a
primary entry or entries on Olive
Avenue except for properties that
are abutting Park Boulevard or Ash Street.
Frontage / Setback Northern Edge: 20 Feet (Existing
Bioswale)
Southern Edge: 12.5 10 Feet from
Property Line
Pedestrian Clear Zone 8 Feet
Landscape / Furniture Zone Northern Edge: 3 Feet
Southern Edge: 4 Feet
Bicycle Facility Bicycle Boulevard
10 Feet
Parking / Loading 2 Lanes of On-Street Parking
Vehicle Travel Lanes 10 Feet
1 Lane in Each Direction
Building Entries New development shall provide a
primary entry or entries on Olive
Avenue except for properties that
are abutting El Camino Real or Ash Street.
Frontage / Setback Northern Edge: 12.5 10 Feet from
Property Line
Southern Edge: 10 Feet from
Property Line
Pedestrian Clear Zone 8 Feet
Landscape / Furniture Zone Northern Edge: 3 Feet
Southern Edge: 4 Feet
Bicycle Facility Bicycle Boulevard
10 Feet
Parking / Loading 2 Lanes of On-Street Parking
Vehicle Travel Lanes 10 Feet
1 Lane in Each Direction
4.4.3 Street Design
Between Park Boulevard and Ash Street Between Ash Street and El Camino Real12
Standards:
Figure 61 Typical Olive Avenue section between Park Boulevard and Ash Street
Figure 62 Typical Olive Avenue section between Ash Street and El Camino Real
1
2
Table 8 Olive Avenue Street Design
northern edge southern edge
Between Ash Street and El Camino Real, the
street remains a two-way street. Due to the low
traffic volumes and speeds on Olive Avenue, the
street is designated as a bicycle boulevard which
allows cyclists to ride with traffic. The on-street
parking on both sides of the street is maintained.
northern edge southern edge
82 North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan 83
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Attachment F: Staff recommended
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Pepper Avenue
Pepper Avenue is a slow residential street,
extending from El Camino Real to Ash Street.
The street design supports existing residents with
wide, tree-lined sidewalks and two-way traffic
lanes. On-street parking is maintained on either
side.
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10’4.5’8’
Clear Walkway Drive LaneTree Bed
12.5’
Setback On-Street Parking
Pepper Ave(Looking towards East)
5’3.5’10’4.5’8’
Clear Walkway Drive Lane Tree Bed
12.5’
SetbackOn-Street Parking
5’3.5’
ST
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Building Entries New development shall provide
a primary entry or entries on Pepper Avenue except for
properties that are abutting Ash Street.
Frontage / Setback Minimum 3.5 Feet
Maximum 12.5 Feet from Property Line
Pedestrian Clear Zone 8 5 Feet
Landscape / Furniture
Zone
Northern Edge: 4.5 Feet
Southern Edge: 4.5 Feet
Bicycle Facility n/a
Parking / Loading 2 Lanes of On-Street Parking
Vehicle Travel Lanes 10 Feet
1 Lane in Each Direction
4.4.6 Street Design
Standards:
Between Ash Street and El Camino Real
Figure 66 Typical Pepper Avenue Section
Table 11 Pepper Avenue Street Design
northern edge southern edge
88 North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan 89
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Attachment F: Staff recommended
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Lambert Avenue
Lambert Avenue is the southern edge of the
plan area. Lambert Avenue is improved on the
northern half of the existing street to enhance
the pedestrian experience along the edge of
the NVCAP site boundary. The existing vehicular
travel lane is narrowed, and on-street parking is
eliminated to make space for a wider pedestrian
thoroughfare and generous furnishing zone for
enhanced bio-retention area and dense canopy
trees.
El Camino Real
El Camino Real is a regional arterial street as
well as the western edge of the plan area. El
Camino Real is improved on the eastern half
of the existing street. New development is
required to setback by 5 feet in order to provide
a wider pedestrian sidewalk and furnishing
zone to support a more comfortable pedestrian
experience.
The configuration of the roadway will be
determined in coordination with Caltrans
independently of the NVCAP.
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Setback
10’7.5’10’
Clear Walkway Drive LaneTree Bed
Lambert St. (Looking towards East)
27.5
3’20’
Shared Path Planter Bed
26’
3’
Planter Bed
Publically Accessible Private Streets
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Shared Path Green Setback
5’
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4’
Tree
Bed
El Camino Real (Looking towards South)
12’8’
Clear Walkway
5’
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4’
Tree Bed
Page Mill Rd (Looking towards West
12’8’
Clear Walkway
5’
ST
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Building Entries New development shall provide
a primary entry or entries on
Lambert Avenue except for
properties that are abutting Park
Boulevard or El Camino Real.
Frontage / Setback Northern Edge:
Maximum 5 Feet
Pedestrian Clear Zone 8 Feet
Landscape / Furniture
Zone
Northern Edge:
79.5 Feet
Vehicle Travel Lanes Westbound Lane
10 Feet
4.4.9 Street Design
Standards:
Between Park Boulevard and El Camino Real1
Building Entries New development shall provide
a primary entry or entries on El
Camino Real.
Frontage / Setback Minimum 5 Feet
Maximum 10 Feet
0 - 10 feet to create an 8 - 12-foot
effective sidewalk width
Pedestrian Clear Zone Eastern Edge: 8 Feet
Landscape / Furniture
Zone
Eastern Edge: 4 Feet
4.4.10 Street Design
Standards:
Between Page Mill Road and Lambert Avenue1
Figure 70 Typical Lambert Avenue Sidewalk Zone Section Figure 71 Typical El Camino Real Sidewalk Zone Section
Table 13 Lambert Avenue Sidewalk Zone Design Table 14 El Camino Real Sidewalk Zone Design
94 North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan 95
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Setback
4’
Tree Bed
El Camino Real (Looking towards South)
12’8’
Clear Walkway
5’
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Setback
4’
Tree Bed
Page Mill Rd (Looking towards West
12’8’
Clear Walkway
5’
East
West
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Park Boul
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Ash Stree
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Ash Street Oliv
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Page Mill Road
Page Mill Road is one of arterial streets in the City
as well as the northern edge of the plan area.
Page Mill Road is improved on the southern half
of the existing street to enhance the pedestrian
experience along the edge of the NVCAP Plan
Area boundary. New development will provide
a wider pedestrian sidewalk and furnishing
zone to support a more comfortable pedestrian
experience. In order to provide a consistent width,
the setback for new development will vary based
on existing site conditions.
The configuration of the roadway will be
determined in coordination with Santa Clara
County.
Building Entries New development shall provide a
primary entry or entries on Page
Mill road except for properties
that are abutting Park Boulevard
or El Camino Real.
Frontage / Setback Southern Edge:
Minimum 5 Feet
0 - 10 feet to create an 8 - 12-foot
effective sidewalk width
Pedestrian Clear Zone Southern Edge: 8 Feet
Landscape / Furniture
Zone
Southern Edge: 4 Feet
4.4.11 Street Design
Standards:
Between Park Boulevard and El Camino Real1
Figure 72 Typical Page Mill Road Sidewalk Zone Section
Table 15 Page Mill Road Sidewalk Zone Design
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96 North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan 97
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TDM strategies can be effective at encouraging
fewer trips made by single-occupancy vehicles
(SOV). An effective TDM plan ensures that
alternative modes of transportation, such as
walking, bicycling, public transit, or other forms
of shared mobility, are made available to site
occupants and nearby community members.
While reducing SOV trips is a key goal, TDM
enhancements offer additional benefits like
environmental improvements, safer streets, and
a more enjoyable public realm. Beyond local
planning alignment, regulations like BAAQMD
Rule 1 and SB 743 mandate TDM plans for specific
developments. NVCAP’s TDM plan should comply
with the City’s VMT regulations and program
recommendations, and utilize standard metrics
like those from the California Air Pollution Control
Officers Association (CAPCOA) for evaluation and
VMT calculations.
Standards:
4.7.1 VMT Reduction
All employers and major residential
developments within the plan area shall achieve
a 30 percent minimum reduction below ITE
rates in peak hour motor vehicle trips, using the
Example TDM Strategies Menu in Table 21.
4.72 Palo Alto Transportation Management Association
All employers and major residential
developments within the plan area shall be
members of the Palo Alto Transportation
Management Association (PATMA).
MO
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Transportation Demand
Management
4.7
Vehicular Circulation and Parking
The North Ventura Mobility Framework aims to
create a vibrant and sustainable neighborhood
by prioritizing local traffic circulation,
discouraging cut-through traffic, and providing
diverse and efficient parking solutions. This
framework balances the needs of residents,
businesses, and visitors through a combination of
street design strategies, parking regulations, and
innovative solutions like woonerfs and private
access aisles.
Standards:
4.6.1 One-Way Street
Ash Street from Page Mill Road to Olive Avenue
shall be one-way southbound to help prevent
northbound traffic on El Camino Real from using
the neighborhood as a cut-through to travel
eastbound on Page Mill Road.
4.6.2 Minimum Parking
No minimum parking requirements shall be
established for the plan area in accordance with
California Assembly Bill 2097 (AB 2097).
4.6.3 Surface Parking
No more than 10 percent of new surface parking
shall be allowed within the plan area. Where
new buildings are not proposed, existing surface
parking spaces can remain to support remaining
commercial offices.
4.6.4 Street Parking
No new street parking shall be constructed along
new developments. In addition, street parking
shall be restricted near intersections to ensure
safe turning movements for large vehicles and
emergency vehicles. Street parking shall be
maintained in front of single-family homes on
Pepper Avenue and Olive Avenue.
Guidelines:
4.6.5 Traffic Calming
As a traffic calming measures, the following
strategies are recomended:
•Olive and Lambert Avenues: speed humps
and raised crosswalks to maintain low vehicle
speeds
•Pepper Avenue: A chicane, which is an offset
curve to the road
•Portage Avenue woonerf: Vehicle entrances
should be only wide enough to accommodate
one vehicle at a time. Trees or landscaping
is recommended to create this bottleneck to
restrict the flow of vehicles.
4.6.6 Vehicles on Woonerf
Vehicular traffic on the woonerf on Portage
Avenue should be permitted but discouraged.
Acacia Avenue from Ash Street to Park
Boulevard will be a private aisle for accessing
residential frontage on Acacia Avenue for
parking and unloading.
4.6.7 Short-Term Parking
Short-term parking to support new
ground-floor retail and active uses in new
developments should be located on the ground
or basement levels of these developments.
4.6.8 Parking Management Strategies
In addition, the following parking management strategies could be implemented to mitigate parking impacts:
•Parking time limits
•Unbundled Parking
•Shared parking locations
•Carshare memberships and designated
parking spots
4.6.9 Driveways
Driveways should be located along side-streets
and/or consolidated wherever possible and as
redevelopment occurs to minimize conflicts with
bicyclists and pedestrians
4.6
102 North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan 103
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modifications to NVCAP
Packet Pg. 73
Commenter: Cedric (via Zoom)
Hello, good early afternoon. Thanks to the staff for working on this plan and thanks to the ARB for
your prior comments. I was happy to see that in your comments there was a lot of support and
encouragement for rooftop gardens, as well as good access to the to the creek, the renaturalized
creek. I'm really looking forward to that creek being renaturalized to a hundred-foot channel that
would allow the maximum winding of the creek. I hope that the zoning areas and stuff will be
preventing or dissuading any development through the area that the creek would expand into, so
that we don't block the ability to widen the creek.
I saw that in the comments that there were desires to incentivize more rooftop gardens and I saw
that they're kind of supported by the green building standards, but not necessarily incentivized. I
wonder if there’s additional ways to incentivize them.
And I guess this will come later when we actually go to design the naturalization of the creek. My
understanding is, from the past, from the prior, feasibility study that, there is a plume of ground
pollution and so there would be, underneath the naturalized creek, some sort of impermeable
barrier to prevent those pollutants from spreading into the creek. And I wonder if there's some way
to actually fix up that ground pollution so that the creek can have full contact with the Earth. There's
a lot of information out now or you know, I don't know how new this information is, but basically
underneath every creek and river there's a underground parallel river that helps to support the life of
the creek in the soil, and I forget the exactly the details, but I think it was like 1 h of water moving
through the ground-based creek would remove like 90% of pollutants from about 78% of the types
of pollutants. So it's really valuable for cleaning our waters and promoting a healthy ecosystem. So
hopefully we'll find a way to clean up that pollution and get the creek fully in contact with the earth.
Thank you.
Item 2
Attachment G: Public
Comments
Packet Pg. 74
“Provide a safe and reliable transportation network that serves all people and respects the environment”
DISTRICT 4 OFFICE OF REGIONAL AND COMMUNITY PLANNING P.O. BOX 23660, MS–10D | OAKLAND, CA 94623-0660 www.dot.ca.gov
April 22, 2024 SCH #: 2023020691
GTS #: 04-SCL-2023-01266
GTS ID: 29299
Co/Rt/Pm: SCL/82/24.037
Kelly Cha, Senior Planner
City of Palo Alto
250 Hamilton Avenue, 6th Floor Palo Alto, CA 94301
Re: North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan ─ Draft Environmental Impact Report (DEIR)
Dear Kelly Cha:
Thank you for including the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) in the
environmental review process for the North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan. The Local
Development Review (LDR) Program reviews land use projects and plans to ensure
consistency with our mission and state planning priorities. The following comments are
based on our review of the March 2024 DEIR.
Please note this correspondence does not indicate an official position by Caltrans on
this project and is for informational purpose only.
Project Understanding
The proposed project will adopt land use policies and programs that would allow for
additional 530 residential units and would incorporate two acres of new public open
space within the North Ventura Coordinated Area. Residential densities would range
from low to high. The plan would additionally result in a net reduction of up to 278,000
square feet of office space and up to 7,500 square feet of retail space.
The project site is located at the intersection State Route (SR)-82 and Page Mill Rd in
Palo Alto and is approximately 60 acres with three proposed intersection improvement
sites located within Caltrans’ Right of Way (ROW).
Travel Demand Analysis
With the enactment of Senate Bill (SB) 743, Caltrans is focused on maximizing efficient
development patterns, innovative travel demand reduction strategies, and
multimodal improvements. For more information on how Caltrans assesses Vehicle
Item 2
Attachment G: Public
Comments
Packet Pg. 75
Kelly Cha, Senior Planner
April 22, 2024
Page 2
“Provide a safe and reliable transportation network that serves all people and respects the environment”
Miles Traveled (VMT) analysis for land use projects, please review Caltrans’
Transportation Impact Study Guide (link). The project VMT analysis and significance
determination are undertaken in a manner consistent with the City of Palo Alto VMT
policy. Per DEIR, this project is found to have a less than significant VMT impact.
However, since the additional trips generated from this project would impact several
intersections along El Camino Real within Caltrans’ jurisdiction, we request an in-depth
traffic safety impact analysis including Intersection Safety Operational Assessment
Process (ISOAP). Fair Share Contributions
As the Lead Agency, the City is responsible for all project mitigation, including any
needed improvements to the State Transportation Network (STN). The project’s fair
share contribution, financing, scheduling, implementation responsibilities and lead
agency monitoring should be fully discussed for all proposed mitigation measures.
The DEIR has identified that the additional trips generated from this project could have
an adverse effect on the operation of three Caltrans intersections under horizon plus
project conditions. Please consider the following Projects for fair share contributions to
mitigate the impact of this project to the State Transportation Network:
• Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC)’s Plan Bay Area 2050: Bus Rapid
Transit (BRT) Modernization with SamTrans on El Camino Real (RTP ID 21-T10-078).
This program includes funding to implement BRT improvements to existing bus
service along El Camino Real from Daly City Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) to
Palo Alto Caltrain Station. Improvements include frequency upgrades (15-
minute peak headways), dedicated lanes (45% of route), transit priority
infrastructure and transit signal priority.
• Active transportation projects in support of building a multimodal transportation
system to accommodate users of all ages and abilities:
o Caltrans District 4 Bike Plan: Class IV separated buffered bike lanes on El Camino Real from Sand Hill Rd to San Antonio Rd. Hydrology
There would be significant impact from storm runoff due to proposed development.
Please ensure that any increase in storm water runoff from the development do not
encroach on Caltrans’ ROW but be efficiently intercepted by drainage inlets. The
existing storm drain system in Caltrans’ ROW might need to be upgraded in size to
allow increased runoff. A detailed Drainage report will be required to be submitted to
our office for review and approval.
Item 2
Attachment G: Public
Comments
Packet Pg. 76
Kelly Cha, Senior Planner
April 22, 2024
Page 3
“Provide a safe and reliable transportation network that serves all people and respects the environment”
Freight
SR-82 is identified as a Terminal Access Route by the Freight Network Designation. Lane
widths and turning movements should be considered during development.
Construction-Related Impacts
Project work that requires movement of oversized or excessive load vehicles on State
roadways requires a transportation permit that is issued by Caltrans. To apply, please
visit Caltrans Transportation Permits (link). Prior to construction, coordination may be
required with Caltrans to develop a Transportation Management Plan (TMP) to reduce
construction traffic impacts to the STN.
Encroachment Permit
This project would result in a significant increase in usage for El Camino Real. Please
identify whether any projects will be required on SR-82 in the immediate vicinity as a
result of this area plan to accommodate the residential and mixed use. In the event of
such projects, please provide information if there would be dedications for additional
ROW required as a condition of future development.
Please be advised that any permanent work or temporary traffic control that
encroaches onto Caltrans’ ROW requires a Caltrans-issued encroachment permit. As
part of the encroachment permit submittal process, you may be asked by the Office
of Encroachment Permits to submit a completed encroachment permit application
package, digital set of plans clearly delineating Caltrans’ ROW, digital copy of signed, dated and stamped (include stamp expiration date) traffic control plans, this
comment letter, your response to the comment letter, and where applicable, the
following items: new or amended Maintenance Agreement (MA), approved Design
Standard Decision Document (DSDD), approved encroachment exception request,
and/or airspace lease agreement.
The checklist TR-0416 (link) is used to determine the appropriate Caltrans review process for encroachment projects. The Office of Encroachment Permit requires 100%
complete design plans and supporting documents to review and circulate the permit
application package. To obtain more information and download the permit
application, please visit Caltrans Encroachment Permits (link). Your application
package may be emailed to D4Permits@dot.ca.gov.
Equity
We will achieve equity when everyone has access to what they need to thrive no
matter their race, socioeconomic status, identity, where they live, or how they travel.
Caltrans is committed to advancing equity and livability in all communities. We look
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Comments
Packet Pg. 77
Kelly Cha, Senior Planner
April 22, 2024
Page 4
“Provide a safe and reliable transportation network that serves all people and respects the environment”
forward to collaborating with the City to prioritize projects that are equitable and
provide meaningful benefits to historically underserved communities.
If any Caltrans facilities are impacted by the project, those facilities must meet
American Disabilities Act (ADA) Standards after project completion. As well, the
project must maintain bicycle and pedestrian access during construction. These
access considerations support Caltrans’ equity mission to provide a safe, sustainable,
and equitable transportation network for all users.
Thank you again for including Caltrans in the environmental review process. Should
you have any questions regarding this letter, please contact Marley Mathews,
Transportation Planner, via LDR-D4@dot.ca.gov. For future early coordination
opportunities or project referrals, please contact LDR-D4@dot.ca.gov.
Sincerely,
YUNSHENG LUO
Branch Chief, Local Development Review
Office of Regional and Community Planning
c: State Clearinghouse
Item 2
Attachment G: Public
Comments
Packet Pg. 78
April 22, 2024
City of Palo Alto City Hall
250 Hamilton Avenue, 5th floor
Palo Alto, CA 94301
Attn: Kelly Cha, Senior Planner
By Email: nvcap@cityofpaloalto.org
Dear Kelly,
VTA appreciates the opportunity to comment on the Draft North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan
(NVCAP) and its Draft Supplemental EIR. VTA has reviewed the documents and has the following
comments.
Countywide Plans
The Draft NVCAP and its Draft Supplemental EIR should include relevant countywide plans with the
listed local, regional, and state plans. VTA recommends including VTA’s Visionary Network and
Bike Superhighway Implementation Plan and specifically recommends highlighting El Camino
Real’s improvements identified in the two plans.
Caltrain Crossing
VTA recommends exploring adding a bicycle and pedestrian crossing across the Caltrain tracks
within the plan’s area. Currently, there is no crossing along the plan’s frontage. With the plan’s
increased density, the lack of crossing may cause more users to trespass onto the tracks and
thereby increase the risk of incidents.
Transportation Mitigation Measures
VTA would like more information on the TRANS-1b Mitigation Measures: “Fees collected would be
used for capital improvements aimed at reducing motor vehicle trips and motor vehicle traffic
congestion” (page vii).
If Transit Signal Priority (TSP) improvements are applicable to this mitigation measure area, VTA
recommends including a fair share contribution to upgrade the traffic signal controller cabinets on
El Camino Real to comply with VTA’s Enhance Traffic Signal Controller guidance document (see
attached). The existing equipment in the traffic signal controller cabinets is reaching its end of
useful life and the traffic signal controllers do not have the capabilities to work with more modern
forms of TSP.
Future Coordination
VTA appreciates the multimodal transportation improvement and connections to Caltrain and VTA
identified in the plan. VTA would like to review future development applications. Please send
applications to plan.review@vta.org.
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Comments
Packet Pg. 79
City of Palo Alto
April 22, 2024
Page 2 of 2
Thank you again for the opportunity to review this project. If you have any questions, please do not
hesitate to contact me at 408-321-5804 or larissa.sanderfer@vta.org.
Sincerely,
Larissa Sanderfer
Transportation Planner II
PA2401
Item 2
Attachment G: Public
Comments
Packet Pg. 80
From:Cha, Kelly
To:Natalie Noyes
Cc:Raybould, Claire
Subject:Fw: VW File 33840 - NVCAP SEIR Review at Matadero Creek
Date:Tuesday, April 23, 2024 8:07:24 AM
Attachments:image001.pngOutlook-xppccy5s.png
Forwarding 3 of 3
KELLY CHA
Senior PlannerPlanning and Development Department(650) 329-2155 | kelly.cha@cityofpaloalto.orghttps://link.edgepilot.com/s/0a79fb1c/8pMnObfe90eBGV0as8meoA?
u=http://www.cityofpaloalto.org/
From: Gennifer Wehrmeyer <GWehrmeyer@valleywater.org>
Sent: Monday, April 22, 2024 4:59 PM
To: North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan <NVCAP@CityofPaloAlto.org>
Cc: Shree Dharasker <sdharasker@valleywater.org>; Raybould, Claire
<Claire.Raybould@CityofPaloAlto.org>; CPRU-Dropbox <CPRU@valleywater.org>
Subject: VW File 33840 - NVCAP SEIR Review at Matadero Creek
CAUTION: This email originated from outside of the organization. Be cautiousof opening attachments and clicking on links.
Dear Kelly Cha,
The Santa Clara Valley Water District (Valley Water) has reviewed the Draft Supplemental EIR
(SEIR) and Draft North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan (NVCAP) to plan for a walkable, mixed-
use neighborhood on approximately 60 acres roughly bounded by Page Mill Rd, El Camino
Real, Lambert Ave, and the Caltrain tracks in Palo Alto, received on March 8, 2024. Based on
our review Valley Water has the following comments on the SEIR and NVCAP plans:
SEIR COMMENTS
1. The NVCAP will impact Valley Water facilities. Valley Water currently has easement,exclusive easement, and fee title property within the project area along Matadero Creek,as seen in the deeds linked here:https://link.edgepilot.com/s/96c3194b/K2t1q2gA0kKhEdFAJKBNZA?
u=https://fta.valleywater.org/fl/aFJnDlpWvc. Please submit plans showing the proposedwork in greater detail on or adjacent to Valley Water right of way. In accordance withValley Water’s Water Resources Protection Ordinance (WRPO), any construction
activity within or adjacent to Valley Water property will need an encroachment permit. A
copy of the encroachment permit application can be found here:https://link.edgepilot.com/s/54803bf0/zhYcv18m4UeWZzeSg9W1KA?u=https://www.valleywater.org/contractors/doing-businesses-with-the-
district/permits-working-district-land-or-easement/encroachment-permits. Valley
Water encroachment permits are discretionary actions, and therefore, Valley Water is a
Item 2
Attachment G: Public
Comments
Packet Pg. 81
responsible agency under CEQA.
2. Santa Clara Valley Water District (Valley Water) should not be referred to as “District”throughout the SEIR. While the official name of the agency remains Santa Clara Valley
Water District, Valley Water has been used as a moniker since 2019. Please replace
“District” with “Valley Water” on pages 142 and 143.
3. SEIR Figures 2.3-3 through 2.3-6, pages 33 through 36, and NVCAP plan Figures 36 and42, pages 43 and 51, depict the removal of Matadero channel improvements, including
the removal of Valley Water’s maintenance path and concrete channel lining, and
replacement with a widened channel section with a riparian corridor, pedestrian paths,and a pedestrian bridge over Valley Water fee title property and easement.
At a minimum, proposals to naturalize the Matadero Creek flood protection facilitymust not: increase our costs to maintain the facility; reduce maintenance access;reduce the level of flood protection currently provided by the channel; and createchannel instability.
Additionally, proposals must: include a net benefit to Valley Water (including thereservation of lands in Valley Water fee title for the Valley Water’s use in fulfilling futuremitigation planting requirements for its stream maintenance program); providesufficient additional right of way to Valley Water to operate and maintain the modifiedfacility (including all areas required to contain the same level of flood protectioncurrently afforded); include regulatory permitting; provide appropriate mitigation (thatdo not include use of Valley Water right of way for mitigation planting); and be ageomorphic, stable channel that will not increase erosion or sediment deposition orincrease the potential for damage to or failure of the adjacent concrete channel lining,up or downstream of the proposed naturalization.
Once a proposal is provided to Valley Water for review, we will be able to providecomments. Valley Water expects adjacent landowners to provide right of way toaccommodate any desired recreational facilities and amenities that are not conduciveto sharing space with a maintenance road.
4. SEIR page 149, “Hydrology and Water Quality”, and page 204, “Storm Drain System”,states that the creation of Matadero Park and naturalization of Matadero Creek throughthe establishment of a 100-foot riparian buffer will result in a net reduction of
impervious surfaces, and that this net decrease in impervious surfaces will result in a
corresponding decrease in stormwater runoff. It is not clear if the determination of “lessthan significant impact” regarding impacts related to drainage relies on the proposednaturalization of Matadero Creek. Since this work is not proposed as a part of the
NVCAP, naturalization of Matadero Creek should not be considered in the impact
analysis for drainage and this discussion should be revised for accuracy and clarity.
5. SEIR page 24, Section 2.3.9, “Naturalization of Matadero Creek”, discusses the removalof Lambert Avenue Bridge and replacement with a new 100-foot clear-span bridge.
Since the section of Matadero Creek at Lambert Avenue is not proposed for
naturalization, the need for the bridge replacement as a part of the naturalization work is
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unclear. Any plans for replacement of Lambert Ave Bridge should be submitted to ValleyWater once available for review and comment.
6. Valley Water has an exclusive easement reserved for flood control purposes on APN
132-38-011, which would restrict the ability of the City of Palo Alto (City) to obtain a trail
easement over this portion of the Matadero Creek maintenance road without ValleyWater relinquishing the exclusivity of its easement. Further discussions will be neededbetween Valley Water and the City if the City wishes to pursue access through this
easement.
7. Please modify the “Water Resources Protection Ordinance and District Well Ordinance”section on SEIR page 156 to include the following statement in its entirety:
Valley Water operates as a flood protection agency for Santa Clara County. ValleyWater also provides stream stewardship and is the wholesale water supplierthroughout the county, which includes the groundwater recharge program. Inaccordance with Valley Water’s Water Resources Protection Ordinance, any workwithin Valley Water’s fee title right of way or easement or work that impacts ValleyWater’s facilities requires the issuance of a Valley Water permit. Under Valley Water’sWell Ordinance 90-1, permits are required for any boring, drilling, deepening,refurbishing, or destroying of a water well, cathodic protection well, observation well,monitoring well, exploratory boring (45 feet or deeper), or other deep excavation thatintersects with the groundwater aquifers of Santa Clara County.
8. Please submit plans for any proposed underground structures or dewatering plans to
Valley Water for review once available. Valley Water cannot determine that dewatering
activities will not substantially decrease groundwater supplies or substantially interferewith groundwater recharge until such plans are made available.
9. SEIR page 140, Section 3.8, “Hydrology and Water Quality”, 3.8.1.1, “Regulatory
Framework, Federal and State”, should include a brief summary of California’s
Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) under the State regulatoryframework because Valley Water’s 2021 Groundwater Management Plan (mentioned onpage 142) is a DWR approved Alternative to a Groundwater Sustainable Plan
(Alternative) under SGMA.
10. SEIR page 142, “2021 Groundwater Management Plan” should include the followingdetail near the beginning of the paragraph: “The 2021 GWMP is the first periodic updateto the approved Alternative to a Groundwater Sustainability Plan under SGMA.”
11. SEIR pages 145 and 148, “Groundwater”, should be modified to read “Typical
groundwater depths in Palo Alto range from less than 10 to 30 feet below ground surface(bgs).” because groundwater depths can be shallower than 10 feet in many areas ofPalo Alto. For example, City well 06S03W12R010, located directly adjacent to the
project site, regularly has water levels about 5 feet bgs (most recent data for March 2024
is 5.5 feet bgs). Groundwater level data in Palo Alto can be viewed on Valley Water’shistorical groundwater elevation data website:https://link.edgepilot.com/s/52ad5893/UoPDYbO-AUicIroC7bXiEw?
u=https://gis.valleywater.org/GroundwaterElevations/map.php.
12. On SEIR page 148, the project site is located entirely overlying the confined zone of the
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Santa Clara Subbasin and not within the recharge zone. Therefore, any rainfall orirrigation that infiltrates the Project site would recharge the shallow aquifer above theconfining layer. The deeper, confined aquifer is the primary groundwater supply of the
Santa Clara Subbasin, not the shallow aquifer. This is why Valley Water has no recharge
ponds or facilities near the Project site.
13. On SEIR page 148, “Standard Permit Conditions”, given the first bullet (Prohibitdewatering during the rainy season.), we recommend that the Project construction
activities consider that groundwater levels are typically the highest (closest to land
surface) during the rainy season.
14. On SEIR page 148, given that the Project overlies the confined aquifer, potentialdewatering activities are unlikely to negatively impact the groundwater supply because
the primary supply is from the confined aquifer. However, the Project site is located
within the seawater intrusion outcome measure area, as defined in the 2021Groundwater Management Plan (see Chapter 5 and Appendix H). We recommend thatany future dewatering permit applications evaluate and mitigate if the dewatering
activities, particularly any long-term or ongoing dewatering, will negatively affect the
spatial pattern of seawater intrusion in the shallow aquifer.
15. On SEIR pages 148, 149, and 150, there is conflicting text about impacts to groundwaterthat should be resolved. This includes text on page 148 stating “Temporary or
permanent dewatering could affect groundwater supplies.” and page 149 stating “…
NVCAP in compliance with the above standard permit conditions and existingregulations (including the NPDES General Construction Permit and MRP) would notsubstantially deplete groundwater supplies…”. Page 150 also states “…NVCAP would
not substantially decrease groundwater supplies…”
16. According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Flood InsuranceRate Map (FIRM) 06085C0017H, effective May 18, 2009, the majority of the project site iswithin FEMA Flood Zone X, an area with a 0.2% annual chance flood hazard, and the
areas of Matadero Creek are located within Flood Zone A, a special flood hazard area
with 1.0% annual chance flood discharge contained in the structure with no base floodelevations determined.
17. Santa Clara Valley Water District (Valley Water) records indicate that 40 active wells are
located on the subject property. Valley Water’s Well Information App can be used to
help locate wells on the Project site: https://link.edgepilot.com/s/aaa90e47/RLSVX5-BN0enFpbUy2GAaQ?u=https://www.valleywater.org/contractors/doing-businesses-with-the-district/wells-well-owners/well-information-app. While this app indicates
there are many destroyed wells and active water supply and monitoring wells on the
project site, there could be additional unknown abandoned wells. If any existing wellsare to be destroyed by the Project and if any abandoned wells are identified during theProject, they need to be properly destroyed in coordination with Valley Water staff at the
Well Permitting and Inspections Hotline: 408-630-2660
(https://link.edgepilot.com/s/35f51adc/myTamLqd5E6RYVllMlQvEw?u=https://www.valleywater.org/contractors/doing-businesses-with-the-district/wells-well-owners .
18. The State GeoTracker webpage
(https://link.edgepilot.com/s/5aca8e9f/JJuzdFwpNUOX6LmjG7LaJw?u=https://geotracker.waterboards.ca.gov/) lists at least 8 open cleanup sites within theProject footprint. Any proposed groundwater dewatering near these sites should be
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approved by the relevant regulatory oversight agency.
NVCAP PLANS COMMENTS
19. Figure 36, page 43, Figure 42, page 51, and Figure 75, page 107, of the NVCAP plansshow multiple crossings of Matadero Creek, while Figure 43, page 52, only shows one
creek crossing. The number of creek crossings is to be minimized. Valley Water onlysupports one creek crossing. Please reference Valley Water’s Water ResourcesProtection Manual, Design Guide 4, “Riparian Revegetation or Mitigation Projects”, and
Design Guide 16, “Guidance for Trail Design”, when designing creek crossings.
20. Page 60, “Green Infrastructure”, discusses the use of green stormwater infrastructureas a part of the NVCAP plans. Re-development of the site provides opportunities tominimize water and associated energy use by incorporating on-site reuse for both storm
and graywater and requiring water conservation measures to exceed State standards.
To reduce or avoid impacts to water supply, the City and applicant should considerimplementing measures from the Model Water Efficient New Development Ordinance,which include:
A. Hot water recirculation systems.
B. Alternate water sources collection (like cisterns) and recycled waterconnections as feasible.
C. Pool and spa covers.
D. Encourage non-potable reuse of water like recycled water, graywater and
rainwater/stormwater in new development and remodels through installationof dual plumbing for irrigation, toilet flushing, cooling towers, and other non-potable water uses.
E. Require dedicated landscape meters where applicable.
F. Require installation of separate submeters to each unit in multi-familydevelopments and individual spaces within commercial buildings toencourage efficient water use.
G. Weather- or soil-based irrigation controllers.
21. Lighting described on Page 63 must be directed away from the creek. Please explainwhether wildlife can trigger motion sensors, as this would counteract efforts to protecthabitat from nighttime lighting. Please reference Guidelines and Standards Design
Guide 16.I.H for lighting requirements near creeks. The Guidelines and Standards were
adopted by the City of Palo Alto under Ordinance 4932.
22. Page 108, Section 5.1.7, mentions the use of pollinator-friendly native plants. Pleasereference Guidelines and Standards Design Guide 2 for the placement of native plants
along the creek.
23. Page 110, Section 5.2 should reference Guidelines and Standards Design Guides 4 and16 and Section VII.B.
24. Page 112, Section 5.2.7, “Floodwalls”, discusses the use of vegetation within concrete
retaining walls. Floodwalls and retaining walls are not the same and it is not clear what
is proposed. Vegetation may impact the ability to inspect flood walls and may not beallowed.
If you have any questions or need further information, you can reach me at
gwehrmeyer@valleywater.org or at (408) 694-2069. Please reference Valley Water File 33840
on further correspondence regarding this project.
Thank you,
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Gennifer Wehrmeyer
ASSISTANT ENGINEER, CIVIL
Community Projects Review Unit
Watershed Stewardship and Planning Division
GWehrmeyer@valleywater.org
Tel. (408) 630-2588 Cell. (408) 694-2069
SANTA CLARA VALLEY WATER DISTRICT
5750 Almaden Expressway, San Jose CA 95118
https://link.edgepilot.com/s/a51a4422/h07-tTtJdkqYUPbacYKTWg?u=http://www.valleywater.org/
Clean Water . Healthy Environment . Flood Protection
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Item No. 3. Page 1 of 6
Planning & Transportation Commission
Staff Report
From: Planning and Development Services Director
Lead Department: Planning and Development Services
Meeting Date: May 8, 2024
Report #: 2404-2885
TITLE
Review and Provide Comments on the Final Draft Retail Study Report Supporting Palo Alto’s
Effort to Modernize Regulations and Ensure Vibrant Commercial Areas Citywide
RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends the Planning and Transportation Commission (PTC) review and provide
comments on the final draft report for the retail study, to be forwarded to the City Council. As
noted in the Executive Summary of the report, the recommendations will take time to
implement, but the coordinated framework in the report should assist identification and
implementation of individual and coordinated sets of zoning code revisions in phases.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION/BACKGROUND
The final draft retail report (Revised Full Draft Report) and Appendices A-D are provided as
attachments to this report for PTC review. This is the culmination of a two-year, two-phased
effort to bring forward a comprehensive retail report, including recent support from a PTC Ad
Hoc committee (Ad Hoc). Having made significant headway on its review of retail preservation
policies, regulatory standards, and best practices of comparable jurisdictions, the PTC is
requested to review and make comments on the report.
The full report is not intended to preclude the PTC from making its comments and policy
recommendations. The report contains 20 recommendations organized around seven primary
strategies. The PTC is also requested to review the recently prepared assessment of the parking
conditions and the implications of State Assembly Bill AB 2097 (Attachment C/Appendix C). The
PTC Ad Hoc reviewed and discussed Appendix C at its most recent meeting.
PTC Study Sessions
The retail study efforts included presentations and deliberations on policies and strategies in a
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Item No. 3. Page 2 of 6
workshop format in multiple study sessions (see staff reports, videos1 and minutes2 links):
•October 25, 20233 Session: Introduction/check in including reviewing the scope of work
•January 31, 20244 Session: Peer cities comparison and stakeholder interviews results
•February 28, 20245 Session: The PTC met to create a PTC Ad Hoc
•March 13, 20246 Session: Presentation regarding strategies and policy recommendations
•March 27, 20247 Session: Recommendations for strategies
•April 24, 20248 Session: Continued discussion on retail strategies; the staff report includes
excerpt verbatim minutes from the March 27th PTC session
Ad Hoc Committee
The committee of three PTC members met with staff and the City’s consultant on four
occasions in between PTC meetings this Spring (on March 5, March 26, April 16, and April 30).
The Ad Hoc committee’s proposals were described in three main groups of proposals (Simplify
Rules, Reduce Uncertainty, Relax Restrictions) plus one other group (Beyond Zoning). These
were discussed by the full PTC on April 24, 2024. Though meeting minutes of the April 24
meeting are not yet available, the video is available to view.9
1 Videos (where minutes are not yet available): March 27: https://midpenmedia.org/planning-and-transportation-
commission-2-3272024/ March 13: https://midpenmedia.org/planning-and-transportation-commission-2-
3132024/, February 28: https://midpenmedia.org/planning-and-transportation-commission-2-2282024/ January
31: https://midpenmedia.org/planning-and-transportation-commission-2-1312024/
2 Minutes from October 25, 2023 PTC intro session:
https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/v/3/agendas-minutes-reports/agendas-minutes/planning-and-
transportation-commission/2023/ptc-10.25.2023-summary-minutes-2.pdf
3 Link to October 25, 2024 staff report: https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/v/1/agendas-minutes-
reports/agendas-minutes/planning-and-transportation-commission/2023/ptc-10.25-retail-study.pdf
4 Link to January 31, 2024 staff report: https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/v/1/agendas-minutes-
reports/agendas-minutes/planning-and-transportation-commission/2024/ptc-1.31-peer-cities.pdf
5 Link to February 28, 2024 staff report: https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/v/1/agendas-minutes-
reports/agendas-minutes/planning-and-transportation-commission/2024/ptc-2.28-retail-study-ad-hoc.pdf
6 Link to March 13, 2024 PTC staff report: https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/v/1/agendas-
minutes-reports/agendas-minutes/planning-and-transportation-commission/2024/ptc-3.13-retail-strategies-
policy.pdf
7 Link to March 27, 2024 staff report: https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/v/1/agendas-minutes-
reports/agendas-minutes/planning-and-transportation-commission/2024/ptc-3.27-retail-study.pdf
8 Link to April 24, 2024 staff report: https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/v/1/agendas-minutes-
reports/agendas-minutes/planning-and-transportation-commission/2024/ptc-4.24-retail-study.pdf
9 Link to video of April 24, 2024 meeting: https://midpenmedia.org/planning-and-transportation-commission-2-
4242024/
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Item No. 3. Page 3 of 6
April 30, 2024 Ad Hoc Meeting
On April 27, staff shared Attachment C/Appendix C with the Ad Hoc committee, and this
became the focus of the April 30th Ad Hoc meeting. The Ad Hoc members provided comments
to staff and the consultant regarding typographical and other potential errors in the draft
Appendix C, and posed questions regarding the data, which the consultant and staff answered
to some extent during the meeting.
One question answered was regarding the parking spaces shown in the table – the consultant
confirmed the table reflects parking spaces removed from the count due to closed streets. One
comment was that the parking along El Camino Real is likely to be removed by Caltrans’
restriping plans, and that ratios should be calculated with El Camino Real parking spaces
removed, using parking numbers shown in the March 13, 2024 PTC/HRC report1011. Another
comment was that older comments in the stakeholder outreach section may no longer apply
due to the advent of AB 2097 and perhaps also due the El Camino Real, Caltrans proposal, and
suggested the consultant add a note to qualify the changes should be included. Another
comment was that signage and better wayfinding are needed in California Avenue area and
Downtown. The Ad Hoc members noted a few significant errors, such as:
•The omission of the 350 Sherman garage in the California Avenue area that contains 627
parking spaces that replaced the surface lots with lower numbers of spaces
•A note that 85% occupancy was ideal, which was unclear – the consultant clarified that
it referred to occupancy of tenant spaces and not parking spaces
The Appendix C (Attachment C) has been modified since the Ad Hoc meeting to include
clarifications and address the errors identified.
The Ad Hoc’s discussion also included a robust dialog with Office of Transportation (OOT) staff
regarding:
•Two ‘hot spot’ lots near Caltrain with spaces that fill up, as also on University Avenue
•A plan for a project to help drivers find garages and mobile payment options to enable
parking beyond the two- to three-hour limits
•An occupancy study that was done of Midtown area
•Clarification that in 2018-19, pre Covid era, the parking permits would get sold out; then
adjustments were made to the program that:
o reduced the number of employee permits issued
10 Link to PTC staff report March 13, 2024:
11 Link to Caltrans’ response to Commissioner Lu: https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/v/1/agendas-
minutes-reports/agendas-minutes/planning-and-transportation-commission/2024/responses-to-george-lu-palo-
alto-ptc-ecr-bike-lane-questions-3.11.24.pdf
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Item No. 3. Page 4 of 6
o increased the cost to exceed the garages’ permit cost
o provided low-income parking permits within the garages, rather than in
neighborhoods, resulting in a significant reduction in permit sales in neighborhoods
•Clarification regarding use of permits in garages and lots for 8 am – 5 pm Monday through
Friday, but the spaces become publicly available after 5 pm and on weekends, with daily
permits publicly available to park in these spaces.
•Permits are specific to lots and garages, some permits are reserved for bondholders and not
available to the general public, that purchasers must be a business to buy quarterly, or
annual for employees, or people can pay daily permits, and the City’s Revenue Collections
staff track this and can provide data.
•OOT is looking to make more employee permits available and reduce the daily permit price
– or incentives for drivers to park in garages instead of on streets and surface lots – and
taking steps to manage parking spaces better.
•The need is for level playing field and predictability; if the City considers the idea of parking
maximums, Transportation Demand Management programs need to be in place.
•The perception issue of a parking problem is related to landlords that want street parking as
close to their business as possible; however, many patrons drive to park, then walk around.
•In the four major Downtown garages. we have automated parking guidance system (APGS)
and there are programmatic set asides.
•The City is also hoping for license plate recognition; currently the Police Department uses
chalk marking.
•The City is seeking capability in technological signs noting parking availability on each floor.
ANALYSIS
The final Draft Report incorporates staff comments on the Phase 1 scope report the consultant
delivered in Fall 2022, as well as the results of the additional Phase 2 scope tasks including:
•Addition of an Executive Summary
•Additional in-depth reviews and analysis of the Palo Alto Zoning Code
•Additional stakeholder interviews, including business and property owners, property
managers, and peer city staff
•Reviews and comparisons with peer city zoning regulations
•Reviews and summaries of best retail revitalization practices
•Updated reviews and summaries of national and local retail and office market trends and
projections, including new CoStar data
•Market and demographic profile of Palo Alto
•Review of past City planning efforts and correspondence
•Review and analysis of the Streetsense Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy
study
•Review and analysis of the Car-Free California Avenue Engagement Reports
•Multiple meetings and workshops with the PTC and PTC Ad Hoc
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Item No. 3. Page 5 of 6
•Multiple meetings and reviews with Palo Alto Planning and Economic Development
department staff
•An assessment of the parking conditions and the implications of AB 2097 and
recommendations
The report recommendations are generally inclusive of those from the PTC; however, the
consultant recommendations are not exactly the same and are presented with more context
and supporting narrative. The March 2024 consultant report about zoning strategies showed
four groups of strategies. In the attached report, as noted in the Executive Summary, there are
seven main groups of strategies set forth in the Zoning Analysis and Recommendations section
of the report, pages 18-22.
1. Conduct a Comprehensive Zoning Cleanup of a Mature, Complex Code
2. Create Streamlined and Predictable Approval Processes
3. Limit the Retail Preservation Ordinance
4. Allow Non-Retail uses on Ground Floor with Limitations
5. Repeal Office Conversion and Construction Limitations
6. Relax formula retail
7. Ease the parking regulations
STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
As noted in earlier reports, the consultants engaged with interviews of Peer Cities and various
stakeholders, including developers and business owners, the Chamber of Commerce, and
property managers. Summaries of the key findings from these interviews were presented. The
findings (and any other anecdotal information which may be obtained prior to the City Council
meeting) will be shared with the City Council. Staff will seek Council’s direction to proceed with
zoning ordinance changes, parking strategies, and more.
NEXT STEPS
The June 10 City Council meeting is targeted to present the full report to Council.
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
The study does not represent a project under CEQA. No zoning ordinance changes have been
prepared to date.
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment A: Appendix A Outreach Summary
Attachment B: Appendix B Market Study
Attachment C: Appendix C Impact of AB2097 on Parking
Attachment D: Appendix D Zoning Review and Comparison
Attachment E: Revised Full Draft Report
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Item No. 3. Page 6 of 6
AUTHOR/TITLE:
Amy French, Chief Planning Official
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PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix A, Page 1
Stakeholder Interview Summary
Stakeholder interviews were conducted with developers and the Chamber
of Commerce to understand how the City can support the retail
revitalization efforts in the study area. The stakeholders discussed issues
and recommended changes related to the zoning ordinance, parking, and
administrative processes. Below is the list of stakeholders that were
interviewed.
• Premier Property Management – Jon Goldman, Brad Ehikia
• Ellis Partners – Jim Ellis
• Thoits Bros., Inc. – John Shenk
• Chamber of Commerce – Charlie Weidanz
• Performance Gaines – Chris Gaines
• Italico – Franco Campilongo
• Taste Buds Kitchen – Scott Andersen
Discussion Summary
These interviews revealed several issues that the stakeholders viewed as
restrictions or hindrances to development and provided recommendations
to mitigate them. There was a strong consensus on many issues among all
of the stakeholders. These discussions are categorized and summarized
below based on common themes.
General
1. Important to create an ecosystem of uses that generate trips and
keep people downtown.
a. Services will drive people downtown.
b. There are fewer workers downtown due to transition to remote
work.
c. There has been a loss of office space, which is hurting retail.
2. Need to actively attract and support growth and investment,
renewal and maintenance, and improvement of existing buildings.
3. There are significant assets downtown, the loss of retail is not a
physical design issue.
4. There needs to be more flexibility in the reuse of ground floor space.
Allowed uses should be flexible to accommodate the changes in the
market in order to reduce vacancies.
5. Perception of retail in Palo Alto:
a. Retail zones and corridors are not 100 percent retail but rely on
a mix of complementary uses (office, restaurants, personal
services, professional services, residential and retail use). These
uses provide the clientele for retail uses and allow people to
spend time in the commercial areas, in turn supporting retail.
b. Need to repair and reverse the City's reputation with the
industry (e.g., business/property owners, agents, etc.).
Businesses need predictability, and currently, they don't have
that.
6. Many retailers in Palo Alto are amazing but often time people are
not aware of events/businesses.
a. Businesses need a large online presence to attract customers.
7. Street closure on California Ave has improved business (up 40
percent). However, several retailers left the area due to street
closure.
8. Important to understand customer behavior and how it has
changed over the last four years (2019-2023).
9. Window shopping is down, everything is destination based.
a. Need to provide incentives for customers to visit.
10. The City has been very helpful since business operations have
begun, partnering with the City is the most important thing that a
local business can do.
11. Times of business activity more inconsistent now, people are not
coming in for lunch anymore from nearby offices.
12. Disconnect between the businesses that exist and what businesses
are desired (e.g., medical retail/office)
Retail Preservation Ordinance
1. Rescind ground floor Retail Protection Ordinance (2009, 2017
amendment). It has created the very problems that it was intended
to prevent.
2. Leave it to the market to thrive, don’t force retail. Focus on the
existing retail district.
3. Ground floor retail restrictions on side streets and blocks away from
the main commercial corridor are not practical as retail will not
locate in these areas.
4. Code is too rigid, very narrowly defined, and complex. The older
system worked better and allowed for more flexibility.
5. ‘’The definition of “retail” is too restrictive on use. Expand it to be
more inclusive and nuanced to include uses like personal services,
medical professional/office, spas, fitness, insurance, restaurants,
commercial recreation and other uses that create pedestrian
activity.
6. Rescind "Formula Retail" Ordinance on California Avenue.
7. Increase height limits on El Camino Real and in other areas.
8. Restaurant owner could not reduce the square footage from 8,000
square feet to 5,000 square feet.
City Permit Process
1. Businesses are avoiding locating to Palo Alto as the permitting
process is lengthy and unpredictable.
2. Difficult to get a permit even for simple changes such as restriping,
signage, and small additions (e.g., 3-6 months to receive a sign
permit – AT&T).
a. Delay in signage permits can hurt the business even before it
starts.
3. The determinations of code and process are inconsistent and, at
times, conflicting among the staff.
4. There is a lack of staff continuity or institutional knowledge.
5. Fees are excessive (e.g., conditional use permit $15,000; sign permit
$4,000).
6. All permits go through the City Council which takes away power and
undermines staff recommendations/determinations.
7. Permitting process is not clearly described.
8. There is a stigma against national chains (e.g., Pete’s Coffee), yet
the zoning and process do not make it easy for smaller local
businesses to locate in the City.
9. Difficult to navigate the process as a single business/property
owner.
10. Sentiment that City staff are disconnected from or understand the
community they are working in (e.g., live outside Palo Alto)
11. The process makes it difficult to do any business in/startup a
business in Palo Alto.
12. Long permitting processing times (e.g., up to 18 months to get
through the planning process for an event space).
13. Needed a conditional use permit for beer and wine license
($11,000).
14. Signage permit took longer than demolition and construction
permit for event venue business.
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Attachment A: Appendix A Outreach
Summary
Packet Pg. 93
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix A, Page 2
Parking
1. In-lieu parking fee is a hard cap on any new development or
intensification.
2. Reinstate the California Avenue Parking Assessment District.
a. The City should allow transfer between uses.
b. Can't change uses currently and can't add parking for change in
uses. This is making it difficult to fill the vacancies in the
changing market conditions.
c. The City requires additional parking to comply with parking
requirements. Many/most buildings cover the entire site and
have no space for on-site parking.
d. Buildings already paid for the parking garages, which were to
support the district. Since it was paid off in 2017 and no longer
charges payment fees, the City has reverted back to requiring
on-site parking to comply. Fees were based on deficiency of
parking. But the developers are not getting credit when
changing uses or adding space.
e. The City created a parking fee if they cannot provide parking =
$150,000 per space. This is excessive and not affordable.
f. The City moved staff parking from on-street to the garages.
Now customers have to park in the neighborhoods instead of
the garages.
3. A new, more flexible parking policy is needed as most customers
(office workers, shoppers) are already in the district.
4. Hard for employees to get permits for the parking garages in
California Ave.
a. Make it easier for employees who need to park – especially 2+
hours but not all day.
b. Pricing does not make sense for employees to invest in permits.
5. No parking issues in California Ave, there is enough parking to
support all businesses and events at a variety of times (for lunch or
dinner, weekends, and during the farmer’s market).
1 City Council Makes Pandemic-Era Zoning Changes Permanent to Support
Business Success in Santa Monica.
https://www.santamonica.gov/press/2022/10/12/city-council-makes-
City Interviews:
Palo Alto and Neighboring Communities
To gain a broader understanding of Palo Alto's regulatory provisions and
procedures and to also inform the recommendations, three communities
were interviewed to identify gaps and differences in approaches to retail
development. The jurisdictions were identified during the Planning and
Transportation Committee and stakeholder interviews as flexible and
efficient with permit processing. These include the Cities of Santa Monica,
Los Altos, and Redwood City.
Santa Monica
Making COVID-Related Changes Permanent
The City discussed an extensive list of emergency orders during the
pandemic. These include both planning and building/safety emergency
orders, including time extension on open permits of up to four years. In
October 2022, the City permanently adopted two zoning ordinance
amendments with the intent of reducing regulatory barriers for small
businesses, as described below. The economic recovery ordinance was
extended for five years in September of 2023. In summary, the following
proposed zoning changes focus on the Third Street Promenade area.
1. allowing greater flexibility for restaurants that provide
entertainment within the Third Street Promenade Area District,
2. expanding Alcohol Exemption (AE) permits to additional uses to
further streamline the review of alcohol permits while also
correcting and refining existing AE permit conditions,
3. allowing the Director of Community Development or designee to
consider commercial uses that are not clearly defined in the Zoning
Code,
4. allowing a longer term for Temporary Use Permits, and
5. allowing outdoor rooftop commercial uses on public parking
structures owned by the City.
Relaxing Restrictions on Uses
Changes in zoning included allowing a wider variety of uses by right in areas
that were historically more restrictive, including in the downtown and Third
Street Promenade areas. Efforts highlighted by City Staff included allowing
new uses such as pop-ups and creative commercial uses that do not fit
pandemic-era-zoning-changes-permanent-to-support-business-success-in-
santa-monica
exactly into the existing use categories, including new alcohol services and
pickleball. The City eliminated the restrictions on the number of restaurants
per block on Main Street and expanded opportunities for outdoor dining.
The City has traditionally been very restrictive in requiring retail uses on the
ground floor; however, due to the changing market and feedback from the
community, the City has been re-evaluating what mix of uses will work in its
retail areas. This is also in response to an increased focus on housing and
the City’s larger efforts in its Housing Element. The City noted that being
open to a wider mix of uses is important in serving the needs of residents.
Streamlined Permitting
The City eliminated the need for conditional use permits, minor use permits,
and other discretionary approvals for several uses including childcare,
cinemas and theaters, general retail sales (medium size), hotels and motels,
medical and dental offices, food halls, and general personal services, among
others. The City removed the public hearing requirements for a change of
use from a restaurant to a different use. This streamlined permitting
expedites and simplifies the permitting process. This provides certainty and
predictability to existing businesses and prospective businesses considering
locating in Santa Monica. As of July 2023, there are 38 new development
projects in downtown Santa Monica comprised mostly mixed-use and
housing, including affordable housing.
Communication and Outreach with Business Owners
The interviewees discussed the importance of educating the public through
comprehensive, consistent communication and outreach efforts. They
stressed the importance of City staff being a known, visible, and trusted
figure in the community. The City of Santa Monica highlighted a number of
outreach efforts including working with community groups, business
improvement districts, City staff, and City council. Efforts included an “open
for business flyer,” blog, e-mail blasts, broker’s round table event, and a 3-
1-1 system where anyone can e-mail or call with questions. The City offers
online planning services, and virtual counter reviews, and hosts an online
appointment system to increase the number of permitting activities that can
be done online.
The City has extensively documented and advertised these zoning and
regulatory changes on its City website1 and provides comprehensive data
regarding vacancies and employment on the Downtown Santa Monica
website2.
2 Downtown Santa Monica, Third Street Promenade.
https://downtownsm.com/downtown-data#section-8666
Item 3
Attachment A: Appendix A Outreach
Summary
Packet Pg. 94
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix A, Page 3
Interview Questions and Responses
1. Have you evaluated the impact of COVID and/or online shopping on retail
in Santa Monica?
▪ The City started to see the impact of e-commerce prior to COVID-
19.
▪ The City created a “Buy Local” campaign in 2010 and increased
messaging during COVID-19 to educate the public on the
importance of supporting local businesses.
o Through the campaign the City identified and informed people
which retailers had gift cards and how businesses were
operating during the Holidays.
▪ During COVID the City supported businesses through a variety of
strategies which included:
o Established pick-up and delivery zones,
o Connected business owners with the Los Angeles Small Business
Development Center for education and technical support,
o Waived fees (e.g. loading and pick-up zones),
o Encouraged shopping locally through informing customers
which businesses support gift cards during Holiday shopping,
▪ The City can track online versus in-store sales reports through a
sales tax report and can track by geographic area and by sector.
o Art gallery pivoted to online, had high sales, and started artists'
talks and other events/features they didn’t have before.
o The city has anecdotal data that shows an increase in sales
activity but is hard to isolate.
2. What, if any, efforts did you undertake to preserve retail as a response
to COVID-19?
▪ The City passed several emergency orders during the pandemic
related to both planning and building and safety.
o The City provided time extensions on open permits – up to 4
years in some cases.
o The City allowed more uses to be permitted by right in the
Downtown and Third Street Promenade areas.
▪ Allowed flexibility for creative and temporary uses that
don’t fit the prescribed use categories in the Downtown and
Third Street Promenade.
▪ Positive feedback from stakeholders resulted in the interim
ordinances becoming permanent – codified in August 2023.
o One block in the Third Street Promenade had high vacancy
rates, so the City has loosened the use restrictions – they are
focusing on making it a food, art, and entertainment
district/hub.
o The City is seeing alcohol licenses being paired with innovative
and creative uses. (e.g. Pickleball).
▪ The City is focusing on food establishments and assisting
applicants through the permitting process.
Where and how to allow business to expand into the
right-of-way to not access and circulation issues.
Restaurant owners voiced the need for expanded
permanent outdoor space to sustain business.
3. How did the City work with the business owners during the zoning
changes?
▪ The City along with Downtown Santa Monica Inc. (Property Based
Assessment District) asked property owners and businesses what
kind of new uses they were interested in and what challenges they
were facing with the permitting process, the City then identified
opportunities on how the emergency orders and interim zoning can
start to address the issues.
▪ Held collective meetings with Business Improvement District (BID)
leaders (Main Street, Montana Ave, and Pico Boulevard) to talk
through zoning changes.
▪ The City created an “Open for Business” flyer.
▪ Implemented a 3-1-1 system for businesses to ask questions to City
staff regarding zoning.
4. What types of metrics does the City utilize to track changes in business?
▪ The City tracks occupancy rates and pedestrian counts in
association with Downtown Santa Monica Inc. (see Downtown
Santa Monica data below)
▪ The City also monitors sales tax data and business license permits.
5. Does the City allow residential Downtown or in other commercial
districts?
▪ Downtown is a true mixed-use district – residential is permitted
everywhere but particularly seen from 2nd Street to 7th Street.
▪ Several current Downtown housing projects (thousands of units)
are in development to create a “24/7 community.”
o Downtown previously saw affordable housing and now a trend
to mixed-income housing.
o Change in demand in the Downtown to more local serving uses
like restaurants – previously tourism drove development trends
(~8 million visitors/year prior to COVID, now 4.5-5 million
visitors/year)
▪ Residential is integrated and embedded in all commercial districts.
6. Are there any restrictions on the usage of ground floor space in the
commercial areas?
▪ The City has historically been very restrictive on the ground floor
with a focus on retail and restaurant.
▪ The City has been rethinking strategy to allow more uses in certain
configurations while still promoting retail and restaurant – the
office is still restricted.
▪ The City is trying to be flexible as property owners figure out the
right mix of uses – having the choice is positive for all parties.
▪ The City has utilized interim ordinances as an experimentation to
see how effective/successful an ordinance can be (up to five (5)
years). The economic recovery ordinance was extended for five
years in September of 2023.
7. Have developers used the provisions of AB 2097 in developments for
parking? How is the City ensuring there will be parking for visitors and
residents in the wake of AB 2097?
▪ State law has changed the City’s parking practices since a majority
of the City exists within ½ mile of a major transit stop.
▪ Before state law the City eliminated minimum parking requirements
for a majority of active uses Downtown in 2017.
▪ The City has major parking investment in the form of ten (10) City-
owned public parking structures in the Downtown District – “well-
served to over-served.”
o Parking structures were funded through bond financing in the
70’s – all but one (1) are paid off.
o Parking structures were funded by revenue generated by
parking and transportation impact fees (in-leu fee for
businesses) – the City has since eliminated this impact fee.
o Parking structures have active ground floor retail space which
the Economic Development Department manages (3 tenants) –
provide revenue to the City.
o The city is working to bring in a rooftop cinema company to
lease the top floor of one of the parking garages (made possible
by the interim temporary use ordinances).
▪ The City has no parking requirements for businesses going into
existing footprints.
o The City prefers that there is no more parking built in the
Downtown, they would like the business to invest in other ways.
Item 3
Attachment A: Appendix A Outreach
Summary
Packet Pg. 95
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix A, Page 4
o In terms of new mixed-use housing development, the City is
seeing both zero (0) parking and proposed projects with parking
– Projects tend to be dependent on lender and financing
strategy to make the project marketable.
o The City has a cap on parking in the Downtown that can’t be
exceeded.
o The City has worked with developers to look at shared parking,
shared mobility programs, bike parking, EV charging, carshare,
automated driving companies (Waymo), and the integrations of
the bike infrastructure as an alternative to parking.
8. Do you have recommendations for jurisdictions looking to
preserve/encourage retail uses?
▪ Review the zoning ordinance, permitting procedures, and how
those factors affect the cost of doing business.
▪ Determine how your jurisdiction can support businesses operating
outdoors.
o The City reviewed and contacted several jurisdictions for best
practices regarding parklets and expanded outdoor dining.
o Where possible, make operating outdoors permanent.
▪ Provide certainty to businesses so they know what they can and
can’t do.
▪ Due to the small size of Santa Monica, City staff has seen the
importance of relationship building, being visible, known, and a
trusted figure in the community so people know who to contact for
questions or issues.
Important for jurisdictions to work together regionally and throughout the
State to become competitive as whole (i.e. align programs and fees) – don’t
try and steal from business.
Los Altos
Interview Questions and Responses
1. Have you evaluated the impact of COVID and/or online shopping on retail
in Los Altos?
▪ Yes, because of the physical limitations in the early/middle portion
of COVID.
▪ Main commercial area in Los Altos is similar to California Ave in Palo
Alto.
o No major commercial retail or national retailers – mom-and-
pop and small businesses
o “Downtown Triangle” is restaurant heavy with passive
businesses.
2. What, if any, efforts did you undertake to preserve retail as a response
to COVID-19?
▪ Small non-residential footprint, emphasis was focused on
restaurants.
▪ Los Altos has an active Chamber of Commerce that supports and
works with businesses.
▪ Los Altos Village Association (LAVA) worked with downtown
businesses to facilitate resiliency during COVID.
3. Have you made any changes to the zoning code during post-Covid? Are
these changes permanent? Can you describe how some of these changes
have helped maintain and encourage retail?
▪ The City is undergoing rezoning downtown to allow all mixed-use
and to allow additional height; driven in part by the Housing
Element.
o Nothing in the rezoning that is explicit for commercial but it will
provide opportunity for new and existing commercial.
o Much of the downtown is currently old commercial in old
buildings. We haven’t had new development in many years, just
renovations. We expect new mixed-use developments in near
future.
▪ The City made alcohol an ancillary use allowed by right and made it
permanent post covid. A business just needs an ABC license from
state.
4. Were there any other zoning changes that were considered but not
made and why?
▪ Office/administration uses on Main Street and State Street are not
allowed on the ground floor.
o The City wants this area to be the retail and restaurant core,
there are some existing non-conforming uses like banks.
▪ The City is exploring an option of requiring use like hair and nail
salons to get a CUP.
o There is a proliferation of these uses in downtown competing
with one another.
o The City does not need as many as they currently have – in some
instances there are two next to each other.
▪ The City is looking to address vacancy in terms of empty display
windows and pop-up shops through a zone text amendment.
▪ Vacancies downtown last for 6-9 months outside of three (3)
properties where businesses have closed due to ADA lawsuits.
o Businesses open quite easily in Los Altos but the length of
occupancy is varied.
5. Is change of use by right or do you require discretionary approval?
▪ It is by right unless it’s a major tenant improvement (i.e. structural).
▪ Only in rare instances are CUPs used, it’s either allowed or
prohibited.
▪ The City has an online submittal process and a change of use permit
can be processed in a couple of days – everything is pretty
streamlined.
6. Who is the approving authority for the following and typical permit time
for each of these?
▪ If something had to go to a hearing body it would go to the planning
commission which could be a 4 - 5 month process, especially due to
incomplete applications.
▪ The City hasn’t had any new commercial development in 10+ years
– Housing Element rezonings will allow for a lot of newer
commercial square footage allowed in tandem with residential.
▪ Signage has never been beyond an administrative design review –
no issues.
7. Have developers used the provisions of AB 2097 in developments for
parking? How is the City ensuring there will be parking for visitors and
residents in the wake of AB 2097?
▪ Does not apply to downtown but does apply to an extremely small
area on El Camino Real – mostly redeveloped with entirely
residential.
▪ The City is going to be conducting a comprehensive downtown
parking ratio update for residential and commercial uses through a
parking study.
8. Do you have a municipal public parking/parking district or any
exemptions for parking?
▪ The City has public parking plazas in addition to small parking lots -
6 acres of parking lot to the north and south of Main Street and
State Street.
▪ In the 1950s downtown property owners passed a measure that any
existing commercial square footage does not have to park their
business use.
9. Do you have any other improvement districts such as the Business
Improvement District (BID), Community Facilities District (CFD), or
Enhanced Infrastructure Financing District (EIFD)?
▪ The City doesn’t have a BID but will be exploring the creation of a
Property Business Improvement District in the upcoming year
(assessed against property owners not businesses).
Item 3
Attachment A: Appendix A Outreach
Summary
Packet Pg. 96
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix A, Page 5
o There are three (3) big property owners who want to see major
infrastructure improvements to improve the public realm.
o Looking to reorient parking to be parallel to recapture half
depth of angle parking to expand the sidewalks – property
owners would like to see the expansion of the public realm in
front of their properties to create more usable space.
10. Does the City have any programs or incentives to attract retail?
▪ Some businesses may actually need to close to allow new uses, they
are holding usable space for redevelopment.
▪ The City probably would have lost most of the restaurants if they
hadn’t deployed the parklet program.
11. Are there best practices or efficient permitting and flexibility that your
City follows and that have helped you retain and attract retail uses?
▪ Downtown Vacancy matrix created by the Chamber of Commerce
to identify where the vacancies are located, what is allowed in those
spaces, and what is the footprint.
▪ The Chamber of Commerce works to connect property owners with
interested businesses, there are a lot of older buildings and old-
school property owners and old school in how they lease space.
12. Any recommendations for jurisdictions looking to preserve/encourage
retail uses?
▪ Parklet Program – had a sunset date to either make permanent or
revisit and revamp.
o The City didn’t want the temporary COVID program to be the
permanent one.
▪ The City identified what has been working and what hasn’t
been working.
▪ The City also didn’t want mismatch parklets.
▪ The permanent program goes into effect in January with a
new set of standards.
o The City conducted outreach with several business owners and
restaurant groups to discuss issues and needs.
o Some were very receptive and some pushed back because of
the cost to change parklets.
Redwood City
Interview Questions and Responses
1. Does the City have ground floor use restrictions?
▪ Ground floor active uses are encouraged, not required. Active use
definition: Uses that allow the public to walk in and interact with
the business owner- personal services and pet stores are active
uses.
o There is a stretch in the Downtown where office is not allowed
on the ground floor.
2. How does the City process change of use permits, by-right or
discretionary approval?
▪ Any changes to use in the downtown, including retail, can be done
by-right. No approval is needed, only a building permit from the
building division is required.
3. Please identify the approving authority and typical permit time for the
following:
▪ Depends on complexity. Generally approved by Planning Staff (2
to 4 months) and building division (4 to 6 weeks).
▪ New construction (permitted uses). Planning staff: 3 to 4 month
planning approvals; Building division: 4 to 6 weeks.
▪ New construction (CUP uses). Planning Commission if they exceed
height limit or CUP outside DT. Within the DT, CUP can be approved
by staff. 3 to 4-month planning approvals, building division 4 to 6
weeks.
▪ Major remodeling/tenant improvement. Planning Staff:
Depending on the complexity, it can be done over the counter.
▪ Minor Changes. Planning Staff: Depending on the complexity, it can
be done over the counter.
▪ New Signage/Signage Change. Over the counter generally. If
existing space is part of the Master sign program (3 or more
retail/commercial generally have a master sign program), if it is a
part of a commercial strip, then they just need a permit from the
Building division. If not, they need to apply with planning and then
to the Building division (3 to 4 months).
4. Does the City track and report permit approval times for development
projects (submittal to approval)?
▪ The City has a tracking system to input dates, but they don't really
track processing times.
o They try to follow the Permit Streamlining Act. Review within 30
days and 60 days for a decision.
5. Does the City have other programs or incentives to attract retail?
▪ FAR increase if the applicant provides housing/ mixed-use.
▪ The retail task force helps to attract retail.
▪ Retail outreach efforts are conducted via the economic
development office.
▪ Community development incentives for open space include an
increase in height or FAR.
6. Does the City have any parking programs to help reduce parking
requirements?
▪ No formal programs. If a use is converted to retail, they don't need
to provide extra parking based on new retail use.
▪ The City is currently exploring reductions to minimum parking.
7. Does the City have a municipal public parking/parking district or any
exemptions for parking?
▪ The City has municipal garages and lots. Also, visitors can park in any
other retail parking lot. Offices open up their garages to visitors on
the weekends. All parking garages are fee based.
▪ New technology installed around downtown to inform where and
how many spaces are available.
8. Does the City provide information for developers explaining permitting
process/timing expectation?
▪ The City has meetings with the developers and has a submittal
checklist for new construction. If it is an existing building, they go
directly to the building division.
9. Has the City seen any trends in retail as it relates to permit applications?
▪ None for retail. Lately, the interest has been in daycares,
restaurants, and offices.
10. Please add any other information related to best practices or efficient
permitting and flexibility your City follows that has helped you
retain/attract retail.
▪ There is a lack of retail in the downtown, there are several vacancies
including World Market which has been vacant for four years.
▪ There are more retail vacancies but the City is open to attracting
other active uses in those spaces.
▪ The downtown retail task force is helping with attracting, educating,
and retaining retail uses.
Item 3
Attachment A: Appendix A Outreach
Summary
Packet Pg. 97
ESRI Report Data
California Avenue
• Total sales: $301,350,000
• Total employees: 1,562
• Total businesses: 235
• Retail: 6.5% businesses; 6.4% employees
• Accommodation and food services: 10.4% businesses; 11.9% employees
Demographic Summary 2021 2026 (Projected)
Population 141,015 146,566
Households 55,632 57,798
Families 32,242 33,552
Median Age 37.5 37.5
Median Household Income $161,252 $176,564
Top Tapestry Segments Percent
Top Tier (1A) 25.5%
Urban Chic (2A) 24.2%
Laptops and Lattes (3A) 21.1%
Trendsetters (3C) 8.1%
Enterprising Professionals (2D) 5.8%
See reports at the end of this Appendix for detailed profiles of Top Tier, Urban Chic, and Laptops and Lattes. Other profiles can be found at https://doc.arcgis.com/en/esri-demographics/latest/regional-data/tapestry-segmentation.htm.
Retail Leakage
• More than 40%: Auto parts, motor vehicle dealers, auto accessories, drinking places, direct selling establishments, florists, vending machine operators
• 20% to 40%: Lawn and garden equipment, healthcare stores, gasoline stores, used merchandise
• 10% to 20%: Grocery stores, specialty food stores, and services
Retail Surplus
• More than 40%: Shoe stores, book, periodical, and music stores
• 20% to 40%: Furniture stores
• 10% to 20%: Department stores, home furnishings stores, electronics and appliance stores
Downtown/University Avenue
• Total sales: $1,871,207,000
• Total employees: 8,322
• Total businesses: 1,063
• Retail: 7.5% businesses; 4.6% employees
• Accommodation and food services: 8.4% businesses; 14.0% employees
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 98
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 2
Demographic Summary 2021 2026 (Projected)
Population 20,938 21,195
Households 9,370 9,441
Families 4,950 5,015
Median Age 43.0 43.7
Median Household Income $186,084 $200,001
Top Tapestry Segments Percent
Laptops and Lattes (3A) 46.4%
Top Tier (1A) 34.6%
Urban Chic (2A) 10.8%
Social Security Set (9F) 8.2%
Dorms to Diplomas (14C) 0.1%
See reports at the end of this Appendix for detailed profiles of Top Tier, Urban Chic, and Laptops and Lattes. Other profiles can be found at https://doc.arcgis.com/en/esri-demographics/latest/regional-data/tapestry-segmentation.htm.
Retail Leakage
• More than 40%: Auto parts, motor vehicle dealers, auto accessories, building material, lawn & garden equipment, other general merchandise stores, florists, vending machine operators, direct selling establishments, special food services,
drinking places
• 20% to 40%: Used merchandise stores, office supplies, stationery, and gift stores, gasoline stations, health and personal care stores, specialty food stores, grocery stores
Retail Surplus
• More than 40%: Furniture stores, shoe stores, books, periodicals, and music stores
• 10% to 20%: Department stores, jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores
Midtown Shopping
• Total sales: $101,684,000
• Total employees: 451
• Total businesses: 116
Demographic Summary 2021 2026 (Projected)
Population 30,295 30,639
Households 11,318 11,401
Families 7,917 8,006
Median Age 44.0 44.0
Median Household Income $200,001 $200,001
Top Tapestry Segments Percent
Urban Chic (2A) 45.8%
Top Tier (1A) 38.9%
Laptops and Lattes (3A) 8.8%
Enterprising Professionals (2D) 5.5%
Trendsetters (3C) 1.0%
See reports at the end of this Appendix for detailed profiles of Top Tier, Urban Chic, and Laptops and Lattes. Other profiles can be found at https://doc.arcgis.com/en/esri-demographics/latest/regional-data/tapestry-segmentation.htm.
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 99
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 3
CoStar Retail and Office Summary (February 2024)
Retail
Table 1: Retail Overview - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2024 Q1)
Retail
Total/Average
Palo Alto
Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
Town & County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real
– California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino
Real – South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa Monica
Main Street
Santa Monica
3rd Street
INVENTORY SF 1,831,300 740,000 295,000 175,000 54,300 463,000 104,000 433,000 461,000 1,300,000
Under Construction Square Feet 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50,000
Vacant Square Feet 178,600 112,000 28,200 21,400 5,000 8,100 3,900 11,074 47,700 340,000
12 Month Net Absorption Square Feet -44,851 -51,300 12,200 -853 -4,500 -832 434 -282 -12,800 -32,800
12 Month Net Absorption Square Feet
(one year change) -1543% -381% 504% -158% -9277% -110% 164% 27% -35% 33%
VACANCY RATE 9.8% 15.1% 9.6% 12.2% 9.1% 1.8% 3.8% 2.6% 10.3% 25.9%
Vacancy Rate
(one year change) 1.9% 6.90% -4.10% 0.50% 8.20% 0.20% -0.40% 0.10% 2.80% 2.50%
Market Asking Rent/ Square Feet $61.07 $77.11 $54.47 $76.70 $48.81 $53.65 $55.67 $49.05 $67.56 $79.85
Market Asking Rent/ Square Feet (one year change) -0.52% -0.50% -0.70% -0.40% -0.30% -0.70% -0.50% -0.40% 1.30% -1.80%
Market Sale Price/ Square Feet $828 $1,129 $788 $593 $913 $797 $748 $767 $916 $909
Market Sale Price/ Square Feet
(one year change) -0.83% -2.00% -0.80% 0.20% -1.60% -1.20% 0.40% -0.70% 2.10% -0.80%
Market Cap Rate 4.45% 4.20% 4.50% 5.00% 4.20% 4.50% 4.30% 4.60% 4.60% 4.90%
Market Cap Rate (one year change) 0.85% 0.10% 4.50% 0.20% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10% 0.10%
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 100
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 4
Table 2: Retail Vacancy Rate - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2014 Q1 - 2024 Q1)
PERIOD
Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
Town & County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa Monica
Main Street
Santa Monica 3rd
Street
INVENTORY SF 740,000 295,000 175,000 54,300 463,000 104,000 433,000 461,000 1,300,000
2024 Q1 15% 10% 12% 9.1% 2% 4% 3% 10% 26%
2023 Q4 14% 9% 12% 9.1% 2% 5% 3% 11% 25%
2023 Q3 14% 9% 12% 0% 1% 5% 2% 10% 26%
2023 Q2 14% 13% 12% 0% 1% 5% 2% 8% 24%
2023 Q1 9% 15% 13% 0.00% 1% 5% 2% 11% 23%
2022 Q4 8% 13% 10% 1.6% 2% 4% 3% 5% 23%
2022 Q3 10% 14% 10% 2% 2% 4% 2% 6% 22%
2022 Q2 9% 15% 11% 2% 3% 4% 3% 8% 24%
2022 Q1 12% 13% 12% 2% 3% 4% 2% 6% 22%
2021 Q4 10% 15% 13% 0% 3% 3% 2% 5% 19%
2021 Q3 8% 13% 14% 0% 3% 3% 4% 8% 22%
2021 Q2 11% 12% 12% 0% 2% 3% 3% 11% 21%
2021 Q1 9% 12% 12% 0% 2% 1% 2% 9% 12%
2020 Q4 6% 11% 14% 4% 3% 1% 3% 11% 12%
2020 Q3 5% 11% 11% 4% 2% 1% 4% 11% 12%
2020 Q2 4% 9% 7% 4% 1% 1% 3% 7% 11%
2020 Q1 4% 9% 6% 4% 1% 1% 3% 5% 12%
2019 Q4 4% 6% 3% 17% 1% 1% 2% 5% 9%
2019 Q3 4% 6% 0% 19% 1% 1% 1% 6% 9%
2019 Q2 5% 6% 2% 0% 1% 1% 1% 2% 8%
2019 Q1 4% 6% 2% 1% 1% 2% 0% 4% 10%
2018 Q4 5% 3% 3% 0% 1% 0% 0% 4% 9%
2018 Q3 3% 3% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 5% 7%
2018 Q2 3% 1% 2% 0% 1% 0% 0% 5% 8%
2018 Q1 3% 2% 2% 0% 1% 0% 0% 6% 7%
2017 Q4 4% 6% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 5% 4%
2017 Q3 4% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 2% 4% 4%
2017 Q2 4% 7% 0% 0% 1% 1% 2% 4% 3%
2017 Q1 6% 6% 4% 0% 1% 2% 3% 3% 3%
2016 Q4 2% 0% 1% 2% 1% 1% 2% 2% 4%
2016 Q3 3% 2% 1% 2% 1% 4% 1% 3% 5%
2016 Q2 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 2% 2% 3%
2016 Q1 3% 3% 1% 0% 1% 0% 2% 2% 4%
2015 Q4 1% 4% 1% 0% 2% 0% 2% 1% 5%
2015 Q3 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 2% 1% 5%
2015 Q2 1% 2% 0% 0% 2% 3% 3% 1% 4%
2015 Q1 2% 2% 0% 0% 2% 3% 2% 1% 4%
2014 Q4 1% 2% 1% 0% 1% 3% 0% 0% 5%
2014 Q3 0% 2% 1% 0% 1% 3% 1% 1% 6%
2014 Q2 3% 0% 0% 0% 1% 3% 1% 1% 6%
2014 Q1 1% 1% 0% 16% 2% 3% 1% 4% 4%
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 101
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 5
Figure 1: Retail Vacancy Rate - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2014 Q1 - 2024 Q1)
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
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Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – Town & County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa Monica
Main Street
Santa Monica 3rd Street
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 102
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 6
Table 3: Retail Vacancy Square Footage - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2014 Q1 - 2024 Q1)
PERIOD Total Square Feet
Palo Alto
Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
Town & County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa Monica
Main Street
Santa Monica
3rd Street
TOTAL SF 1,831,300 740,000 295,000 175,000 54,300 463,000 104,000 433,000 461,000 1,300,000
2024 Q1 178,597 111,905 28,235 21,425 4,960 8,132 3,940 11,074 47,714 339,654
2023 Q4 173,194 105,375 27,999 21,425 4,960 8,132 5,303 13,710 48,409 326,979
2023 Q3 155,957 100,547 26,293 20,493 - 3,321 5,303 9,107 48,227 337,217
2023 Q2 168,361 101,016 38,228 20,493 - 3,321 5,303 9,753 36,496 312,798
2023 Q1 143,381 67,478 43,128 23,606 - 4,241 4,928 10,178 52,416 305,582
2022 Q4 127,229 56,165 38,353 17,732 875 10,164 3,940 11,274 21,180 307,835
2022 Q3 146,933 73,475 41,897 17,830 875 8,916 3,940 6,696 26,681 293,504
2022 Q2 152,945 69,354 43,158 19,652 875 15,316 4,590 13,825 34,620 310,164
2022 Q1 168,125 86,236 39,326 21,032 875 16,066 4,590 10,651 26,314 291,790
2021 Q4 160,156 73,735 44,743 22,812 - 15,866 3,000 10,248 24,212 261,303
2021 Q3 140,829 58,301 39,325 24,337 - 15,866 3,000 15,648 38,160 298,801
2021 Q2 149,691 82,789 34,225 21,761 - 7,916 3,000 11,339 49,132 283,694
2021 Q1 133,446 69,048 33,721 21,761 - 7,916 1,000 6,789 41,828 158,202
2020 Q4 114,225 44,786 29,321 24,340 2,062 12,716 1,000 13,349 50,688 158,302
2020 Q3 98,700 39,340 29,573 19,554 2,062 7,321 850 15,605 49,298 161,951
2020 Q2 77,103 32,350 25,526 12,541 2,062 3,774 850 12,040 31,726 143,160
2020 Q1 71,609 29,528 23,666 10,967 2,062 4,536 850 14,077 25,024 157,851
2019 Q4 68,273 32,146 17,349 5,226 9,402 3,300 850 9,964 22,153 122,571
2019 Q3 64,283 32,578 17,349 - 10,206 3,300 850 5,667 26,343 126,847
2019 Q2 61,946 35,423 17,149 3,424 - 5,100 850 2,913 11,286 109,811
2019 Q1 56,015 26,552 17,149 4,324 750 5,640 1,600 1,383 19,971 127,702
2018 Q4 53,397 35,982 9,250 5,335 - 2,830 - - 20,559 114,843
2018 Q3 34,381 19,785 9,465 1,911 - 3,220 - 3,100 24,870 94,342
2018 Q2 31,228 20,830 3,017 3,711 - 3,670 - - 23,992 111,338
2018 Q1 36,373 22,483 6,317 4,337 - 3,236 - 250 27,425 92,497
2017 Q4 51,354 29,687 17,651 780 - 3,236 - 1,800 23,648 54,170
2017 Q3 32,545 26,296 2,797 2,152 - 1,300 - 7,344 16,706 47,270
2017 Q2 57,323 33,513 18,832 - - 3,688 1,290 8,344 17,421 46,153
2017 Q1 74,259 43,793 18,332 6,751 - 3,538 1,845 11,280 15,621 37,648
2016 Q4 25,103 15,915 - 2,436 875 4,962 915 9,944 11,311 55,410
2016 Q3 34,582 20,515 5,191 1,264 875 2,738 3,999 4,290 13,268 60,582
2016 Q2 17,374 10,500 2,986 2,100 - 1,788 - 10,500 9,427 42,179
2016 Q1 37,919 23,261 7,358 2,429 - 4,871 - 9,990 9,142 51,035
2015 Q4 24,547 4,350 10,597 2,429 - 7,171 - 10,172 6,166 65,780
2015 Q3 12,725 5,350 1,358 2,429 - 3,588 - 9,515 3,150 67,286
2015 Q2 27,143 8,084 6,158 329 - 9,488 3,084 11,428 3,322 54,211
2015 Q1 34,214 17,459 6,158 - - 7,513 3,084 10,092 5,172 59,104
2014 Q4 18,344 5,226 4,800 1,722 - 3,512 3,084 1,000 - 72,902
2014 Q3 20,198 3,600 4,800 1,722 - 6,992 3,084 2,500 4,260 80,946
2014 Q2 29,786 19,900 310 - - 6,492 3,084 3,200 6,175 83,840
2014 Q1 36,931 10,402 2,200 - 10,432 10,813 3,084 5,124 18,144 57,548
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 103
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 7
Figure 2: Retail Vacancy Square Footage - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2014 Q1 - 2024 Q1)
-
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
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Total Square Feet
Palo Alto
Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – Town & County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa Monica
Main Street
Santa Monica 3rd Street
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 104
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 8
Table 4: Retail Market Asking Rent Per Square Foot - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2014 Q1 - 2024 Q1)
PERIOD
Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
Town & County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa Monica
Main Street
Santa Monica 3rd
Street
TOTAL SF 740,000 295,000 175,000 54,300 463,000 104,000 433,000 461,000 1,300,000
2024 Q1 $77 $54 $77 $49 $54 $56 $49 $68 $80
2023 Q4 $78 $55 $77 $49 $54 $56 $49 $68 $81
2023 Q3 $76.8 $54.3 $75.7 $49.0 $53.3 $55.2 $49.0 $67.3 $80.9
2023 Q2 $77.1 $54.5 $76.4 $48.8 $53.6 $55.6 $49.2 $67.0 $81.2
2023 Q1 $77.7 $54.9 $77.1 $49.1 $54.1 $56.0 $49.3 $66.8 $81.4
2022 Q4 $77 $55 $77 $49 $54 $56 $49 $67 $82
2022 Q3 $77 $54 $77 $49 $54 $56 $49 $66 $81
2022 Q2 $77 $54 $76 $48 $53 $55 $49 $66 $81
2022 Q1 $76 $54 $75 $48 $53 $55 $49 $65 $79
2021 Q4 $76 $54 $75 $48 $53 $55 $48 $65 $79
2021 Q3 $76 $53 $74 $48 $53 $54 $48 $64 $79
2021 Q2 $75 $53 $74 $48 $52 $54 $48 $64 $78
2021 Q1 $74 $53 $73 $47 $52 $53 $47 $64 $78
2020 Q4 $74 $52 $73 $47 $51 $53 $47 $64 $78
2020 Q3 $74 $52 $73 $46 $51 $53 $47 $64 $79
2020 Q2 $74 $52 $73 $46 $51 $53 $47 $64 $79
2020 Q1 $73 $52 $72 $46 $51 $52 $46 $64 $80
2019 Q4 $73 $52 $71 $46 $50 $52 $46 $64 $80
2019 Q3 $72 $51 $71 $46 $50 $52 $46 $64 $81
2019 Q2 $72 $51 $70 $45 $50 $51 $46 $63 $81
2019 Q1 $71 $51 $69 $45 $49 $51 $45 $63 $80
2018 Q4 $71 $50 $69 $45 $49 $51 $45 $63 $80
2018 Q3 $70 $50 $68 $45 $49 $50 $44 $62 $78
2018 Q2 $70 $50 $68 $44 $48 $50 $44 $62 $78
2018 Q1 $69 $49 $67 $44 $48 $49 $44 $62 $78
2017 Q4 $69 $49 $66 $43 $47 $49 $43 $61 $77
2017 Q3 $68 $49 $65 $43 $47 $49 $43 $61 $79
2017 Q2 $68 $48 $65 $43 $47 $48 $43 $60 $80
2017 Q1 $67 $48 $65 $43 $46 $48 $42 $60 $80
2016 Q4 $67 $47 $64 $42 $46 $47 $42 $59 $80
2016 Q3 $66 $47 $63 $42 $45 $47 $42 $59 $79
2016 Q2 $65 $46 $62 $41 $45 $46 $41 $59 $75
2016 Q1 $65 $46 $61 $41 $44 $46 $41 $58 $73
2015 Q4 $64 $45 $60 $40 $44 $45 $40 $57 $72
2015 Q3 $63 $45 $59 $40 $43 $44 $40 $57 $71
2015 Q2 $63 $44 $59 $39 $43 $44 $39 $56 $70
2015 Q1 $62 $44 $58 $39 $42 $43 $39 $55 $69
2014 Q4 $61 $44 $57 $39 $42 $43 $39 $55 $68
2014 Q3 $61 $43 $57 $38 $41 $42 $38 $54 $67
2014 Q2 $60 $43 $56 $38 $41 $42 $38 $54 $66
2014 Q1 $60 $42 $55 $37 $40 $41 $37 $53 $66
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 105
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 9
Figure 3: Retail Market Asking Rent Per Square Foot - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2014 Q1 - 2024 Q1)
$30
$35
$40
$45
$50
$55
$60
$65
$70
$75
$80
$85
$90
20
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Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – Town & County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa Monica
Main Street
Santa Monica 3rd Street
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 106
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 10
Table 5: Retail Vacancy by Months - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2014 - 2024 Q1)
PERIOD
Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – Town
& County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa Monica
Main Street
Santa Monica 3rd
Street
TOTAL FA 740,000 295,000 175,000 54,300 463,000 104,000 433,000 461,000 1,300,000
2024 Q1 8.5 40.6 2.3 23.1
2023 Q4 11.5 15.1 39.2 0.9 21.7 2.2 4.8
2023 Q3 13.0 22.3 32.1 18.7 11.1 10.9 12.1
2023 Q2 11.5 27.8 15.6 20.8 4.0 10.0
2023 Q1 29.2 24.8 12.6 6.4 23.1 16.5
2022 Q4 6.3 5.1 23.4 10.9 9.7 15.1 3.8 10.5
2022 Q3 5.8 19.1 7.9 12.4 0.5 5.7 2.1
2022 Q2 5.7 29.6 16.3 4.8 11.5 2.4 14.2 6.1
2022 Q1 4.9 6.8 15.9 1.8 8.5 6.8 11.4
2021 Q4 13.6 15.5 12.8 7.4 12.6 2.6 16.9
2021 Q3 17.4 13.3 4.4 10.2 31.0
2021 Q2 6.0 8.3 12.2 13.3 10.4 7.4
2021 Q1 14.6 9.2 10.3 13.3 5.7
2020 Q4 7.6 6.3 17.2 17.4 17.4 4.2 8.2
2020 Q3 6.0 5.2 14.2 14.4 5.0
2020 Q2 17.8 4.1 11.2 11.4 9.4
2020 Q1 15.1 2.0 8.2 8.4 5.0 2.5 8.1
2019 Q4 7.0 3.8 4.4 5.2 7.4 3.0 6.5
2019 Q3 4.0 1.8 2.2 4.4 3.6 4.0
2019 Q2 4.1 3.2 18.8 3.9 8.0
2019 Q1 3.5 1.7 1.0 3.8 2.7 6.2
2018 Q4 5.1 5.3 0.4 0.9 3.1 6.0 16.4
2018 Q3 6.4 5.5 15.5 2.0 5.2
2018 Q2 16.5 4.1 2.9 4.2 8.8 4.8
2018 Q1 2.3 6.5 9.5 19.2 2.4 10.1
2017 Q4 13.8 0.3 5.5 8.9 12.0 4.3 16.1
2017 Q3 6.3 3.6 9.4 6.5 2.9 5.5
2017 Q2 4.6 5.3 2.1 10.2 6.2 1.6 4.7 10.0
2017 Q1 10.2 7.2 15.4 1.1 0.5
2016 Q4 7.0 7.2 3.3 4.2 6.7 3.4 4.4
2016 Q3 9.3 17.1 3.2 0.3 4.1 3.2 18.1 3.8
2016 Q2 5.0 3.5 6.7 8.6 9.0 1.4 7.0
2016 Q1 5.0 6.0 6.7 6.4 4.5 6.9
2015 Q4 34.6 3.7 6.1 10.1 4.0 11.5
2015 Q3 4.9 6.9 7.4 4.3 5.8 6.9
2015 Q2 5.6 3.9 4.3 17.0 7.0
2015 Q1 1.6 0.9 1.8 3.9 5.1
2014 Q4 2.7 3.3 1.4 7.6 1.8 8.5
2014 Q3 3.9 0.2 5 4.5 2.1 9.8
2014 Q2 2.9 0.9 2.5 9.3 5.1 5.0
2014 Q1 6.1 5.5 3.8 6.0
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 107
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 11
Figure 4: Retail Vacancy by Months - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2014 - 2024 Q1)
0
2
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8
10
12
14
16
18
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22
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Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa Monica
Main Street
Santa Monica
3rd Street
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – Town & County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – California Ave
(CN, CS)
Linear (Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF))
Linear (Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R))
Linear (Palo Alto
El Camino Real – South)
Linear (Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF))
Linear (Los Altos
CRS Zone)
Linear (Santa Monica
Main Street)
Linear (Santa Monica
3rd Street)
Linear (Palo Alto
El Camino Real – Town & County
(CC))
Linear (Palo Alto
El Camino Real – California Ave
(CN, CS))
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 108
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 12
Office
Table 6: Office Overview - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2024 Q1)
Office Total/Average
Palo Alto
Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
Town & County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real
– South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa
Monica
Main Street
Santa Monica
3rd Street
INVENTORY SF 3,316,000 2,100,000 712,000 49,800 192,000 219,000 43,200 188,000 247,000 1,300,000
Under Construction Square Feet - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Vacant Square Feet 556,100 339,000 166,000 5,800 15,500 20,900 8,900 24,300 77,400 364,000
12 Month Net Absorption Square Feet (59,913) -77,600 -6,500 -1,100 8,800 16,400 87 -4700 -26,800 -122,000
12 Month Net Absorption Square Feet
(one year change) 42% 8.8% 89.5% 69.2% 26.4% -46.5% 102.7% -126.2% -164.0% -89.8%
VACANCY RATE 17% 16.0% 23.4% 11.6% 8.1% 9.6% 20.7% 12.9% 31.4% 28.3%
Vacancy Rate
(one year change) -1% 3.7% 1.0% 2.3% -4.6% -5.6% -0.2% 2.5% 11.0% 9.5%
Market Asking Rent/ Square Feet $76.22 $93.77 $72.23 $87.63 $72.45 $66.11 $65.13 $71.82 $59.36 $66.34
Market Asking Rent/ Square Feet (one year change) -1% -0.8% -1.6% -1.0% -1.6% -1.3% -1.8% -0.5% 0.6% 0.4%
Market Sale Price/ Square Feet $928 $1,077 $894 $1,149 $969 $749 $727 $679 $840 $734
Market Sale Price/ Square Feet
(one year change) -7% -6.4% -7.4% -8.3% -7.9% -7.1% -7.8% -7.0% -5.6% -7.2%
Market Cap Rate 5.9% 5.9% 5.8% 5.7% 5.7% 5.9% 6.5% 6.1% 5.7% 5.8%
Market Cap Rate (one year change) 0% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3%
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 109
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 13
Table 7: Office Vacancy Rate - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2014 Q1 - 2024 Q1)
Period Palo Alto Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto California
Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
Town & County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – South
Palo Alto Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone Santa Monica Main Street Santa Monica
3rd Street
INVENTORY SF 2,100,000 712,000 49,800 192,000 219,000 43,200 188,000 247,000 1,300,000
2024 Q1 16.0% 23.4% 11.6% 8.1% 9.6% 20.7% 12.9% 31.4% 28.7%
2023 Q4 17.6% 17.6% 11.6% 4.6% 14.9% 20.7% 13.4% 30.1% 26.6%
2023 Q3 16.8% 18.2% 11.6% 6.0% 14.3% 20.0% 13.7% 26.2% 21.9%
2023 Q2 16.2% 23.4% 11.6% 6.0% 13.9% 19.8% 13.0% 23.0% 21.4%
2023 Q1 14.0% 25.1% 11.6% 8.1% 14.4% 22.0% 10.2% 24.0% 19.2%
2022 Q4 10.8% 20.0% 7.2% 16.9% 16.0% 19.9% 10.6% 17.2% 18.5%
2022 Q3 9.6% 26.4% 0.0% 12.3% 17.5% 19.1% 17.5% 18.6% 21.1%
2022 Q2 8.6% 15.5% 0.0% 12.3% 29.5% 19.6% 17.9% 19.9% 16.4%
2022 Q1 7.8% 16.3% 0.0% 15.3% 29.2% 19.6% 19.5% 15.3% 13.0%
2021 Q4 8.7% 17.7% 3.8% 17.4% 29.9% 7.7% 20.4% 14.4% 14.5%
2021 Q3 9.4% 14.8% 3.8% 16.2% 22.1% 8.8% 24.3% 15.7% 12.6%
2021 Q2 11.7% 14.8% 3.8% 15.8% 18.9% 14.7% 13.3% 22.5% 12.4%
2021 Q1 10.7% 10.0% 3.8% 17.7% 17.4% 26.6% 14.2% 15.8% 10.8%
2020 Q4 11.6% 9.6% 3.8% 14.8% 9.2% 26.6% 13.7% 16.7% 9.2%
2020 Q3 9.3% 8.5% 5.6% 14.8% 13.3% 12.3% 14.1% 15.2% 9.7%
2020 Q2 5.1% 5.2% 7.8% 13.9% 16.5% 7.7% 14.6% 5.2% 7.6%
2020 Q1 4.8% 4.6% 5.9% 3.7% 14.7% 4.6% 11.8% 3.9% 4.7%
2019 Q4 3.5% 6.9% 0.0% 3.7% 6.7% 4.6% 13.3% 5.1% 4.0%
2019 Q3 2.9% 4.0% 0.0% 3.7% 6.6% 13.1% 2.7% 3.8% 6.3%
2019 Q2 2.1% 5.7% 0.0% 2.9% 6.9% 13.1% 2.7% 0.6% 5.2%
2019 Q1 1.9% 8.3% 0.0% 6.9% 5.4% 13.1% 2.0% 0.5% 4.5%
2018 Q4 2.0% 7.5% 0.0% 33.3% 4.8% 14.4% 1.5% 0.5% 2.8%
2018 Q3 2.3% 7.5% 0.0% 3.2% 4.5% 0.0% 0.9% 2.2% 2.9%
2018 Q2 2.1% 3.5% 2.0% 6.3% 10.4% 0.0% 1.0% 2.2% 7.6%
2018 Q1 3.2% 11.0% 2.0% 8.3% 3.7% 0.0% 2.7% 5.2% 5.7%
2017 Q4 4.4% 9.6% 2.0% 7.3% 4.1% 0.0% 3.4% 3.2% 7.6%
2017 Q3 3.4% 8.2% 2.0% 7.6% 2.2% 0.0% 4.2% 9.6% 7.2%
2017 Q2 3.0% 5.9% 5.8% 5.9% 5.3% 0.0% 4.2% 11.1% 7.3%
2017 Q1 5.1% 5.6% 4.7% 9.8% 4.7% 0.0% 3.3% 4.5% 8.4%
2016 Q4 3.9% 4.5% 4.7% 6.5% 3.6% 0.0% 5.1% 6.4% 8.0%
2016 Q3 3.6% 3.4% 0.0% 7.0% 1.3% 0.0% 5.5% 3.7% 8.1%
2016 Q2 3.2% 1.5% 0.0% 9.2% 2.9% 0.0% 2.7% 6.3% 7.0%
2016 Q1 2.1% 2.4% 0.9% 5.0% 1.3% 0.0% 4.7% 3.1% 6.1%
2015 Q4 1.6% 3.0% 0.9% 3.5% 4.3% 0.0% 4.7% 3.4% 7.7%
2015 Q3 3.0% 5.3% 0.9% 4.5% 4.7% 4.6% 5.9% 1.2% 10.3%
2015 Q2 3.4% 10.6% 0.9% 4.0% 2.1% 0.0% 1.7% 1.7% 9.4%
2015 Q1 3.4% 6.3% 0.0% 10.1% 1.5% 0.0% 6.5% 2.1% 7.8%
2014 Q4 3.2% 5.8% 0.0% 16.8% 4.0% 0.0% 14.1% 2.6% 7.2%
2014 Q3 3.2% 3.5% 0.0% 5.5% 12.9% 0.0% 0.0% 5.3% 7.1%
2014 Q2 3.0% 3.7% 3.2% 3.6% 15.9% 0.0% 0.0% 2.7% 9.2%
2014 Q1 2.7% 4.5% 5.7% 1.3% 9.6% 0.0% 0.0% 8.5% 7.5%
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 110
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 14
Figure 5: Office Vacancy Rate - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2014 Q1 - 2024 Q1)
0%
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Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – Town & County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa Monica
Main Street
Santa Monica
3rd Street
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 111
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 15
Table 8: Office Vacancy Square Footage - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2014 Q1 - 2024 Q1)
Period
Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – Town &
County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa Monica
Main Street
Santa Monica
3rd Street
INVENTORY SF 2,100,000 712,000 49,800 192,000 219,000 43,200 188,000 247,000 1,300,000
2024 Q1 338,980 166,439 5,768 15,473 20,880 8,939 24,340 77,431 369,593
2023 Q4 373,997 125,480 5,768 8,914 32,472 8,939 25,297 74,240 342,659
2023 Q3 356,287 129,448 5,768 11,514 31,271 8,653 25,884 64,601 281,799
2023 Q2 343,975 166,543 5,768 11,514 30,435 8,533 24,435 56,739 274,774
2023 Q1 296,317 178,598 5,768 15,488 30,775 9,499 19,192 59,219 246,795
2022 Q4 228,762 142,548 3,600 32,520 34,099 8,583 20,027 42,506 237,438
2022 Q3 204,888 195,380 - 23,713 37,370 8,253 33,036 45,998 271,948
2022 Q2 182,597 115,147 - 23,713 62,987 8,461 33,642 48,241 211,668
2022 Q1 166,536 120,902 - 29,313 62,363 8,461 36,703 36,982 167,152
2021 Q4 183,733 130,842 1,881 33,353 63,940 3,326 38,424 34,829 186,772
2021 Q3 200,319 109,783 1,881 31,153 47,138 3,810 45,703 38,130 157,999
2021 Q2 249,472 109,639 1,881 30,313 40,471 6,359 25,046 54,411 156,037
2021 Q1 227,481 74,063 1,881 34,056 37,202 11,471 26,801 38,412 135,137
2020 Q4 246,443 71,183 1,881 28,380 19,680 11,471 25,741 40,470 115,644
2020 Q3 198,350 62,618 2,803 28,380 28,531 5,315 26,599 36,802 121,745
2020 Q2 108,452 38,263 3,872 26,713 35,197 3,315 27,434 12,606 94,942
2020 Q1 102,288 34,426 2,950 4,743 31,497 2,000 22,155 9,504 59,198
2019 Q4 75,003 51,261 - 4,743 14,396 2,000 24,972 12,476 50,570
2019 Q3 60,668 29,639 - 4,759 14,206 5,671 5,146 9,324 79,541
2019 Q2 45,072 42,238 - 3,775 14,773 5,671 5,052 1,470 65,206
2019 Q1 39,774 61,431 - 8,959 11,621 5,671 3,804 1,195 56,110
2018 Q4 41,800 55,749 - 61,500 10,271 6,203 2,910 1,195 35,511
2018 Q3 48,961 55,552 - 6,000 9,678 - 1,624 5,217 36,305
2018 Q2 44,085 25,221 1,006 11,650 22,255 - 1,944 5,217 95,083
2018 Q1 67,447 79,176 1,006 15,364 7,977 - 5,010 12,484 72,085
2017 Q4 93,961 68,883 1,006 13,423 8,834 - 6,451 7,733 95,575
2017 Q3 72,062 58,663 1,006 14,058 4,729 - 8,006 23,331 91,024
2017 Q2 63,375 42,736 2,878 10,856 11,262 - 8,006 26,922 91,771
2017 Q1 106,579 40,027 2,337 18,051 10,110 - 6,251 11,000 105,311
2016 Q4 81,137 32,422 2,337 12,038 7,730 - 9,671 15,459 101,340
2016 Q3 75,143 21,830 - 12,938 2,870 - 10,448 8,946 102,816
2016 Q2 67,517 9,857 - 17,017 6,170 - 5,109 15,248 88,763
2016 Q1 43,012 15,710 464 9,158 2,870 - 8,950 7,480 77,429
2015 Q4 32,332 19,032 464 6,199 9,217 - 8,950 8,110 98,179
2015 Q3 60,015 34,390 464 8,019 9,951 2,000 11,154 2,942 130,653
2015 Q2 67,695 70,579 464 7,166 4,516 - 3,186 4,023 119,298
2015 Q1 67,094 41,829 - 19,238 3,224 - 12,328 4,942 98,873
2014 Q4 63,266 36,802 - 36,015 8,560 - 26,489 6,319 91,257
2014 Q3 63,406 22,370 - 11,684 27,325 - - 12,848 90,162
2014 Q2 59,714 23,692 1,595 7,773 33,604 - - 6,471 117,272
2014 Q1 52,525 28,587 2,859 2,865 20,112 - - 20,364 95,659
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 112
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 16
Figure 6: Office Vacancy Square Footage - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2014 Q1 - 2024 Q1)
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Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – Town & County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa Monica
Main Street
Santa Monica
3rd Street
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 113
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 17
Table 9: Office Market Asking Rent per Square Foot - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2014 Q1 - 2024 Q1)
Period
Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – Town
& County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa Monica
Main Street
Santa Monica
3rd Street
INVENTORY SF 2,100,000 712,000 49,800 192,000 219,000 43,200 188,000 247,000 1,300,000
2024 Q1 $94 $72 $88 $72 $66 $65 $72 $59 $66
2023 Q4 $94 $72 $88 $72 $66 $65 $72 $59 $66
2023 Q3 $94 $72 $88 $72 $66 $65 $72 $59 $66
2023 Q2 $94 $73 $88 $73 $67 $66 $72 $59 $67
2023 Q1 $94 $73 $88 $73 $67 $66 $72 $59 $66
2022 Q4 $95 $74 $89 $74 $67 $67 $72 $59 $66
2022 Q3 $96 $76 $90 $76 $68 $67 $73 $59 $66
2022 Q2 $97 $76 $92 $77 $70 $68 $74 $59 $65
2022 Q1 $97 $76 $92 $78 $69 $68 $74 $59 $65
2021 Q4 $99 $78 $95 $80 $71 $69 $75 $58 $64
2021 Q3 $99 $78 $94 $80 $71 $69 $75 $58 $63
2021 Q2 $98 $77 $92 $79 $70 $68 $74 $58 $63
2021 Q1 $98 $77 $93 $79 $70 $68 $75 $59 $64
2020 Q4 $99 $78 $96 $80 $72 $68 $78 $59 $65
2020 Q3 $102 $80 $100 $82 $75 $70 $78 $60 $66
2020 Q2 $103 $80 $103 $82 $76 $71 $79 $62 $69
2020 Q1 $106 $82 $105 $84 $78 $73 $79 $63 $71
2019 Q4 $105 $82 $107 $84 $79 $73 $80 $63 $72
2019 Q3 $104 $82 $105 $84 $78 $73 $79 $63 $71
2019 Q2 $104 $82 $104 $84 $78 $73 $78 $62 $69
2019 Q1 $104 $82 $105 $84 $79 $74 $78 $62 $68
2018 Q4 $103 $80 $103 $83 $78 $72 $77 $61 $67
2018 Q3 $104 $80 $106 $83 $79 $72 $76 $62 $67
2018 Q2 $104 $80 $107 $83 $80 $73 $73 $61 $67
2018 Q1 $103 $79 $107 $82 $79 $73 $72 $59 $66
2017 Q4 $100 $77 $104 $80 $77 $70 $71 $59 $65
2017 Q3 $99 $75 $102 $79 $76 $69 $71 $59 $64
2017 Q2 $99 $76 $102 $80 $77 $70 $71 $59 $64
2017 Q1 $100 $77 $101 $80 $77 $71 $70 $58 $63
2016 Q4 $102 $78 $102 $81 $78 $73 $71 $57 $62
2016 Q3 $101 $78 $100 $80 $77 $72 $71 $56 $62
2016 Q2 $100 $77 $97 $79 $76 $72 $70 $56 $61
2016 Q1 $105 $79 $101 $81 $78 $74 $69 $55 $60
2015 Q4 $101 $77 $97 $78 $76 $71 $67 $54 $58
2015 Q3 $99 $76 $97 $77 $75 $71 $66 $53 $58
2015 Q2 $96 $73 $93 $75 $73 $68 $65 $51 $56
2015 Q1 $92 $70 $88 $71 $69 $65 $62 $50 $55
2014 Q4 $88 $67 $84 $68 $66 $62 $60 $49 $53
2014 Q3 $85 $64 $80 $66 $63 $59 $57 $48 $52
2014 Q2 $82 $61 $76 $64 $60 $56 $55 $47 $51
2014 Q1 $81 $60 $76 $63 $61 $56 $53 $46 $51
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 114
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 18
Figure 7: Office Market Asking Rent per Square Foot - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2014 Q1 - 2024 Q1)
$40
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$60
$65
$70
$75
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$105
$110
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Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – Town & County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa Monica
Main Street
Santa Monica
3rd Street
Item 3
Attachment B: Appendix B Market
Study
Packet Pg. 115
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 19
Table 10: Office Vacancy by Months - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2014 Q1 - 2024 Q1)
Period
Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
Town & County
(CC)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real –
South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa Monica
Main Street
Santa Monica
3rd Street
INVENTORY SF 2,100,000 712,000 49,800 192,000 219,000 43,200 188,000 247,000 1,300,000
2024 Q1 9.5 11.0 15.3 11.6 5.5 4.3 4.7
2023 Q4 10.7 4.4 13.9 10.2 7.6 6.2 6.2 2.3 21.6
2023 Q3 10.1 9.1 10.9 7.0 9.8 2.8 1.4 10.6
2023 Q2 3.9 15.9 7.9 3.9 25 5.0 9.2 16.9
2023 Q1 32.0 15.0 4.4 4.6 10.9 5.0 6.0 1.9 5.6
2022 Q4 3.2 14.4 1.9 2.2 17.7 8.8 4.4 8.7
2022 Q3 3.5 12.8 24.2 16.8 19.0 12.4
2022 Q2 5.4 13.6 17.7 15.8 18.9 1.0 15.0
2022 Q1 10.4 19.0 14.7 12.8 6.1 5.1 13.8
2021 Q4 10.5 7.6 21.3 9.7 12.3 2.1 2.6 17.4
2021 Q3 16.5 14.3 18.2 6.7 12.2 16.9 7.3 19.8 3.5
2021 Q2 11.2 8.1 15.2 7.4 11.3 11.1 12.4 9.5 3.3
2021 Q1 5.3 12.2 6.2 10.4 10.3 9.5
2020 Q4 6.1 20.1 9.3 7.2 7.6 3.7 12.0 7.4
2020 Q3 11.5 5.5 4.1 4.6 1.8 2.3 3.6
2020 Q2 12.2 2.7 3.7 2.8 4.7 3.7
2020 Q1 6.7 8.8 0.2 1.4 13.7 3.4 4.6 4.0 11.9
2019 Q4 5.1 3.4 10.1 12.2 3.2 6.1
2019 Q3 8.5 4.1 0.8 6.1 5.6 4.2 5.0
2019 Q2 6.2 7.1 3.6 7.1 4.5 2.7
2019 Q1 4.8 4.3 0.9 2.9 4.2 1.3 4.2
2018 Q4 6.4 9.6 3.8 18.8 5.2 7.4 4.8
2018 Q3 4.6 6.4 0.8 15.8 2.6 1.8 3.3 6.6
2018 Q2 4.3 5.2 12.7 1.3 5.8 0.8 6.8 6.3
2018 Q1 3.1 7.4 9.8 9.8 4.5 41.9 3.5 5.6
2017 Q4 8.4 9.1 6.8 6.8 2.4 11.7 3.9 3.7
2017 Q3 4.6 3.3 3.8 4.1 5.3 6.7 7.6
2017 Q2 3.7 4.4 4.5 2.6 3.7 4.5
2017 Q1 2.5 1.9 4.1 7.9 5.6 6.0 3.9
2016 Q4 7.7 3.9 1.1 5.3 5.4 6.1 5.8
2016 Q3 3.6 4.7 4.0 5.0 11.8 4.0 2.0
2016 Q2 5.6 3.7 3.7 2.2 4.1 11.0 6.7 0.5
2016 Q1 10.1 9.4 4.8 8.3 5.7 10.9 8.5
2015 Q4 9.8 5.3 17.9 5.7 3.0 5.3
2015 Q3 2.9 2.4 6.9 7.5 6.1 2.8 2.6 4.6
2015 Q2 4.4 7.0 3.9 4.4 4.5 1.8 15.2
2015 Q1 3.6 6.4 0.9 6.8 1.6 4.6 7.1
2014 Q4 2.5 31.1 4.4 22 2.2 2.7
2014 Q3 3.3 2.2 2.9 10.6 1.6 4.8 4.2
2014 Q2 2.9 5.4 3.0 2.5 7.4 5.0 5.7
2014 Q1 2.3 3.4 9.2 1.2 6.2 3.4 4.0 3.5
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PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix B, Page 20
Figure 8: Office Vacancy by Months - Palo Alto, Los Altos, and Santa Monica (2014 Q1 - 2024 Q1
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Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – California Ave
(CN, CS)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – South
Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF)
Los Altos
CRS Zone
Santa Monica
Main Street
Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R)
Palo Alto
El Camino Real – Town & County
(CC)
Linear (#REF!)Linear (Palo Alto
Downtown
(CD-C/GF))
Linear (Palo Alto
El Camino Real – California Ave
(CN, CS))
Linear (Palo Alto
El Camino Real – South)
Linear (Palo Alto
Midtown
(CN/GF))
Linear (Los Altos
CRS Zone)
Linear (Santa Monica
Main Street)
Linear (Palo Alto
California Ave
(CC2/R))
Linear (Palo Alto
El Camino Real – Town & County
(CC))
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PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
development projects, including those with specific income thresholds or
fewer than 20 dwelling units.
AB 2097 does not prohibit off-street parking from being built if that is
desirable. Voluntary parking may be provided at a ratio less than what
would otherwise have been required by the Zoning Ordinance.
Introduction
Purpose
AB 2097 Parking Relief AreasThe purpose of this study is to review the implications of the recently
adopted Assembly Bill (AB) 2097 on the City of Palo Alto’s parking
regulations and management strategies, the adequacy of the existing
parking inventory and potential impacts on retail establishments.
The study areas subject to relief from enforcement of minimum parking
standards provided by AB 2097 are shown in Figure 1 and described below.
Detailed maps for each area can be found in Attachment 3.
This parking review was conducted for the four major retail areas and
corridors in Palo Alto: Downtown Palo Alto/University Avenue, California
Avenue, Midtown, and the El Camino Real corridor. The study area
boundaries are shown in Figure 1. Parking supply and occupancy data is
based on limited city survey data from 2018 and 2019. The study areas
included public on- and off-street parking. Downtown and California Avenue
have the majority of the parking capacity, which resulted in their being the
primary focus of the analyses and recommendations.
Downtown/University Avenue: The Downtown/University Avenue study
area is within a half-mile of the Palo Alto Caltrain Station and the Palo Alto
Transit Center and hence is subject to AB 2097. This High-Quality Transit
Area nearly encompasses all but a half-block with 16 parcels of the
Downtown/University Avenue commercially zoned (CD-C) study area.
California Avenue: The entire California Avenue study area is within a half-
mile of the California Avenue Caltrain Station, a High-Quality Transit Stop,
and hence is subject to AB 2097 provisions.
AB 2097 Summary Midtown: Midtown is not within a half-mile of a High-Quality Transit Stop
and therefore is not impacted by AB 2097. Development in this area is
subjected to the parking standards set forth in the City’s zoning code.AB 2097 was signed by Governor Gavin Newsom in September 2022, and
went into effect January 1, 2023. AB 2097 prohibits public agencies from
imposing minimum automobile parking requirements on most types of
development within a half-mile of a major transit stop. AB 2097 does not
apply to projects that designate any portion of the project as a hotel, motel,
bed and breakfast inn, or other transient lodging use, or reduce parking
spaces designated for this purpose. AB 2097 does not reduce, eliminate, or
preclude the enforcement of any requirement for parking spaces that are
accessible to persons with disabilities or electric vehicle spaces and supply
equipment for new multifamily residential or nonresidential development
that is located within one-half mile of public transit. Additionally, AB 2097
does not affect event center parking requirements for employees and other
workers as required by local ordinance.
El Camino Real Corridor: The northern portion of the El Camino Real
corridor, north of Acacia Avenue which includes Town and Country and
areas around California Avenue, is within a half-mile of the California
Avenue Train Station, a High-Quality Transit Stop, and hence is subject to AB
2097 provisions. AB 2097 is not applicable to the rest of the corridor. There
are over 200 commercial parcels where the City can continue to impose
minimum parking requirements, between Acacia Avenue and Los Altos
Avenue.
The bill authorizes jurisdictions to impose or enforce minimum automobile
parking requirements on a housing development project if the public agency
makes written findings, within 30 days of the receipt of a completed
application, that not imposing or enforcing minimum automobile parking
requirements on the development would have a substantially negative
impact, supported by a preponderance of the evidence in the record, on the
public agency’s ability to meet its share of specified housing needs or
existing residential or commercial parking within 1/2 mile of the housing
development. These findings cannot be made against certain housing
City of Palo Alto Appendix C, Page 1
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Figure 1: AB 2097 Parking Relief & Study Areas
City of Palo Alto Appendix C, Page 2
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Existing Conditions
Parking Supply
At the time of this study, there are approximately 6,677 total public parking
spaces, which includes public parking lots, public parking garages and on-
street spaces within the four retail districts in the study area. Of these, 2,125
(32%) are on-street spaces and 4,552 (68%) are off-street public parking
spaces. Detailed maps and tables for each area can be found in Attachment
2. These are summarized in the following table.
Table 1: Study Area Public Parking Supply
Public Parking
Study Area On-street Parking*Off-street Parking Total per Study Area
4,255
Notes
76 percent of off-street parking is provided by structured parking.
Excludes 14 spaces as a result of permanent vehicular closure of a segment of
Ramona Street, between Hamilton Avenue and University Avenue. Parking data
received from Office of Transportation based on 2019 survey data.
62 percent of off-street parking is provided by structured parking.
Excludes 65 spaces as a result of permanent vehicular closure of California Avenue,
between El Camino Real and Birch Street). Parking data received from Office of
Transportation based on 2019 survey data.
Downtown/ University Avenue 1,035 3,220
California Avenue
Midtown
756
25
1,239
93
1,995
118 All off-street parking spaces are provided by parking lots. Parking data has been
counted manually from Google Earth (February 2024).
One public parking lot was identified; however, it provides parking for the
Stanford/Palo Alto Community Playing Fields and was not counted. It should be
noted that the Palo Alto City Council is considering a resolution to remove parking
on El Camino Real to install bike lanes as a part of the upcoming repaving project
per Caltrans’ request. Parking data derived for the study area from April 1, 2024
El Camino Real 309 0 309
staff report (item 11)presented to City Council,
https://cityofpaloalto.primegov.com/Portal/Meeting?meetingTemplateId=14217.
Total per Parking Type 2,125 4,552 6,677
City of Palo Alto Appendix C, Page 3
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Outreach
about parking supply, adequacy, regulatory approach, impacts and
responses to AB 2097, and recommendations.
x
x
Costs of issuance or debt service associated with bonds, notes or
other security instruments issued to fund transportation
improvements identified.
Reimbursement for administrative costs incurred by the City in
establishing or maintaining the transportation impact fee reserve
account required by this Chapter, including, but not limited to, the
cost of studies to establish the requisite nexus between the fee
amount and the use of fee proceeds and yearly accounting and
reports.1
This study included outreach to business owners and peer cities to obtain
input on parking issues and regulatory approaches and recommendations
to inform this study.Santa Monica, CA
The City of Santa Monica has developed a robust parking program that
maintains the walkable character of the downtown while providing ample
parking for those who need it. Prior to the adoption of AB 2097, the City
eliminated minimum parking requirements for a majority of active uses in
the downtown. The City also developed 10 public parking structures in the
downtown district funded by in-lieu fees for businesses, which provide
plenty of parking for the area. The following describes a few of Santa
Monica’s parking demand management strategies.
Stakeholder Input Summary
Interviews were conducted with six business/property owners who operate
their businesses in Palo Alto to identify any regulatory constraints they have
experienced. The list of business and property owners that were
interviewed can be found in Appendix A of this report. The following is a
summary of the comments, issues, and concerns regarding parking.It should be noted that the City of Palo Alto also has a Citywide
Transportation impact fee (Chapter 16.59 of Municipal Code). These funds
are expended only on the installation, acquisition, and construction of
eligible citywide transportation enhancement including but not limited to
bicycle and pedestrian improvements, and roadway and intersection
improvements. Citywide transportation enhancements do not include
intersection improvements designed primarily to accommodate increased
traffic generated by a specific development or the addition of through-
traffic lanes designed for primary use by private motorized vehicles.
1. Excessive in-lieu parking fees.
2. Allow parking transfer between uses.Unbundling Parking: One parking strategy Santa Monica uses is unbundling
parking. The municipal code requires that parking spaces be leased or sold
separately from residential or commercial structures. This way, non-drivers
are not required to pay for parking they do not need, and the parking spaces
that exist will be used more efficiently. For commercial developments,
requiring that parking be unbundled helps facilitate the State’s Parking
Cash-Out Program.
3. Unable to add parking for a change in use.ꢀ ꢀ
4. City staff parking is occupying valuable off-street parking spaces.
Customers have to park on-street in the neighborhoods instead of
the garages.
5. Need more flexible parking regulations when it is not feasible to
provide required on-site parking.Transportation Demand Management Plan Requirements for New
Developments: The City of Santa Monica also requires Transportation
Demand Management (TDM) plans for new developments with 16 or more
residential units or at least 7,500 commercial square feet.2 Strategies to
reduce vehicle travel may include both programmatic measures and site
improvements.
6. There is ample parking in California Avenue.
7. On-street parking time limit is a hindrance for employees.
8. Hard for employees to get permits for the garages due to limited
number of permits available.
Transportation Impact Fees: Santa Monica has a transportation impact fee
program that requires developers to pay a fee based on the number of
residential units or on the amount of square footage for nonresidential
developments. Establishing this program required a nexus study9. Provide range of times for pricing to accommodate a mix of users.demonstrating the relationship between the expected transportation
impacts of new developments and the fees required to address those
impacts through transportation improvements and trip reduction
strategies. Santa Monica utilizes the funds from transportation impact fees
for projects that reduce vehicle traffic which also helps manage parking
demand. Such expenditures may include, but are not necessarily limited to
the following:
It should be noted that the comments 1, 2, 3 and 5 summarized in the list
above are no longer applicable for AB 2097 implications areas. Also permit
availability was an issue pre COVID-19 pandemic. Since then, the demand
has decreased for parking permits.
Palo Alto also has TDM requirements per Section 18.52.050 (d) of Municipal
Code that grants the Director of Planning and Development Services the
authority to require including TDM strategies for any project requesting a
reduction in parking or generating 50 or more net new weekday (AM or PM
peak hour) or weekend peak hour trips.Peer City Parking Management Best Practices Los Altos, CAxReimbursement for all direct and indirect costs incurred by the City
to construct transportation improvements pursuant to this Chapter,
including, but not limited to, the cost of land and right-of-way
acquisition, planning, legal advice, engineering, design,
construction, construction management, materials, and equipment.
The following are parking management best practice strategies identified
from the following jurisdictions through staff interviews (Cities of Santa
Monica and Los Altos) and research (City of Pasadena). City staff were asked
The City of Los Altos has a three-block by three-block downtown with two
parallel commercial corridors, referred to as the Downtown Triangle. This
retail district includes mostly single-story retail and restaurants, which is
comparable in scale and character to California Avenue in Palo Alto. The City
1 Santa Monica Municipal Code- Section 9.66.070, Accessed May 1, 2024,2 Transportation Demand Management: a set of strategies aimed at improving
transportation efficiency, reducing congestion, and promoting sustainable travel
options.https://ecode360.com/42752344#42752425
City of Palo Alto Appendix C, Page 4
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PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
owns six acres of parking in the form of parking plazas and smaller lots (10
total) located north and south of the two commercial streets, which along
with on-street parking provide all of the parking for the existing uses. The
following describes a few of Los Altos’ parking strategies.
Parking Maximums and Public Parking in Transit-Oriented Development
Areas: Pasadena’s Municipal Code establishes maximum parking
requirements for new development in its transit-oriented development
areas. The strategy of limiting parking provision is meant to help the City
achieve long-term sustainable mobility goals and reduce private vehicle
ownership and use. The City allows an exception for commercial parking in
excess of the maximum, provided that the parking is available for public use,
that signs advertise the availability of public parking on the property, and
that rates do not exceed the City garage rates by more than 150 percent. In
this way, parking maximums can help incentivize the provision of publicly
available parking3.
Customer Parking Permits - "Yellow Book Passes": Los Altos offers
downtown businesses the option to purchase a book of 25 all-day parking
permits at a $25 fee, to be used in any of the 10 downtown parking plazas.
Parking is free downtown, but is subject to time limitations ranging between
20 minutes and 3 hours. The passes allow customers to exceed the time
limits in the respective off-street parking lots. Permits are expected to be
provided to customers free of charge and are not to be resold to customers.
Downtown Employee Parking Permit Program: This program provides all-
day parking for downtown business owners and employees in designated
spaces on an annual and quarterly basis at $100 and $40 fee respectively.
Pasadena, CA
The City of Pasadena has a thriving business district, Old Pasadena, which
includes shopping and dining establishments. The following describes a few
of Pasadena’s parking demand management strategies.
Park and Walk: Pasadena parking rates are more expensive for on-street
parking than for its Park and Walk garages. The Park and Walk garages were
intended to provide those more convenient on-street spaces for customers
visiting specific businesses. The following lists the City’s parking rates.
x
x
x
The on-street metered rate in Old Pasadena is $1.25 per hour and
$0.75 per hour on the edges of Old Pasadena.
The Park and Walk garages are $1 for the first 2 hours; $2 per hour
thereafter; $12 daily max.
Visitors can use the Passport Parking app, which allows a driver to
pay for the metered parking, extend the parking sessions from
anywhere, and get reminders for time limits.
3 Transit Oriented Development Amendment, Accessed May 1, 2024,https://www.cityofpasadena.net/Planning/Transit-Oriented-Development-Amendment/
City of Palo Alto Appendix C, Page 5
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Findings Table 2 provides the parking supply and occupancy ratio for the study areas.
The following findings listed here are relative to 2024 data received from
the City.
average of 50% leaving many buildings underutilized. The lack of
office utilization has also led to a decrease in overall parking
demand.” 41. Parking Availability
There is significant public parking availability in the study areas. The
stakeholders that were interviewed expressed no concern regarding parking
availability. Data received from City’s Office of Transportation (2023) show
that the average sale of parking permits per month in Downtown was 1,989
out of 3,878 available permits (51 percent) and for California Avenue they
sold 510 out of 1,075 available permits (47 percent). A parking occupancy
study conducted in 2019 (pre-COVID-19) by the Palo Alto Office of
Transportation indicated occupancy of 47 to 76 percent in the Downtown
area for off street public parking spaces, with the highest occupancy around
noon. The same study indicated on California Avenue area ranged between
35 to 88 percent with peak occupancy during noon. A majority of this
occupancy can safely be assumed to be from office workers in the pre-
COVID-19 era. Hybrid schedules and vacant office space has significantly
reduced the parking demand post-COVID-19. While a parking demand study
has not been done for the commercial areas in Palo Alto post-COVID-19
except for El Camino Real, the interview with the Office of Transportation
indicated that there is ample availability of parking of more than 40 percent
in parking garages in both Downtown and California Avenue area.
x There is excess capacity in the Downtown even during the peak hour
with 76% occupancy and a 3.7% vacancy rate in 2019. Hence, there
is a growth potential of 9% in Downtown. Note that the vacancy rate
in Downtown in 2024 is 16.5% compared to 3.7% in 2019.
x There may be the possibility of growth in both Downtown and
California Avenue areas without building new parking since the
potential lack of office utilization may have led to a decrease in
overall parking demand. More up-to-date data is required to
determine change in parking demand.x There was optimum parking capacity during the peak hour with 88%
occupancy and 6.7% vacancy in 2019. Parking management
strategies can be applied to manage parking to keep it at an
optimum level. Note that the vacancy rate in Downtown in 2024 is
11% compared to 6.7% in 2019.
2. Parking Assessment Districts
AB 2097 essentially invalidates the Downtown/University Avenue Parking
Assessment District regulated by Section 18.52.070 of the Palo Alto
Municipal Code. Since the commercial and residential uses in the affected
area are no longer required to meet the minimum one parking space for
each 250 gross square feet of floor area requirement provide parking,
rendering the parking assessment district in the affected areas not
enforceable or applicable. Downtown/University Avenue has a Parking
x It should be noted that the data is from 2019 when hybrid work was
not prevalent. The shift towards hybrid work and flexible
workspaces due to the pandemic has led to a decrease in overall
parking demand. As employees split their time between home and
the office, fewer people are commuting daily, resulting in less
pressure on parking spaces while occupying office space.
"According to a survey by Leesman, 66% of employees expect to
work from their organization’s workplace two days or less per week.
While many companies are still perfecting and evolving their
working models, office occupancy hovers around a nationwide
Assessment District regulated by Section 18.52.070 of the Palo Alto
Municipal Code5, which states that,
“Any new development, any addition or enlargement of existing
development, or any use of any floor area that has never been
assessed under any Bond Plan G financing pursuant to Title 13, shall
provide one parking space for each 250 gross square feet of floor
Table 2: Parking Supply and Occupancy Ratios
Growth Potential at
85% 0ccupancy
(2019)
Floor Area
Vacancy Rate
2019*
Floor Area
Vacancy Rate
2024*
Total Public
Parking
(2024)
Public Parking
Supply Ratio
per 1,000 SF
(2019)
Public Parking
Occupancy Ratio
per 1,000 SF
(2019)
Total Floor Area-
(SF)*
Off-Street Public On-Street PublicArea Peak Hour Public
Parking
Occupancy***
Parking Parking
Downtown/
Avenue**
University 2,900,000 3.7%16.5%3,220 1,035 4,255 76%1.47 1.12 9%
California Avenue
El Camino Real
Midtown
1,000,000
1,306,000
149,000
6.7%
2.2%
1.9%
11.0%
9.9%
8.6%
1,239
0
756
309
25
1,995
309
88%
47%
2.00
0.24
1.76
0.11
-3%
NA****
93 118
Notes: * Floor area and vacancy rates are for all property types based on CoStar classification and include office, retail, multi-family, hospitality, health care, specialty, industrial, sports, and entertainment.
** In 2019, 52 percent of total Downtown off street parking spaces were restricted to permit-only parking. Eight of the 19 parking facilities did not have any permit-only parking. The percentages of permit parking spaces in the remaining 11 facilities varied
between 32 and 98 percent.
***Peak hour occupancy for both Downtown and California Avenue area was during noon based on 2019 data received from the City. Hence, the worst-case scenario is analyzed. Due to lack of data availability peak hour occupancy for off-site spaces was applied
to on-street spaces for Downtown and California Avenue. Data for El Camino Real is from Staff Report #2403-2745 which refers to data collected on Saturday February 24, 2024, from 1pm-2pm. No occupancy data is available for Midtown area.
**** Growth potential cannot be calculated confidently since off-street parking is unknown and on-street parking is a very small proportion of the total parking demand.
4 How Hybrid Work has Impacted Parking, January 23, 2024, Accessed April 24,2024, https://www.vendpark.io/post/how-hybrid-work-has-impacted-parking
5 Palo Alto Municipal Code, Accessed February 7, 2024,https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/paloalto/latest/paloalto_ca/0-0-0-81074.
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area, except as may be exempt from such requirement… In
connection with any expansion of the supply of public parking spaces
within the CD commercial downtown district, the city shall allocate
a number of spaces for use as "in-lieu parking" spaces to allow
development to occur on sites which would otherwise be precluded
from development due to parking constraints imposed by this
chapter. Off-site parking on such sites may be provided by payment
of an in-lieu monetary contribution to the city to defray the cost of
providing such parking.”
The RPPP areas in the Downtown study area are shown in Figure 2. RPPP
requires all vehicles to have a permit to park on designated streets for more
than two hours between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m., Monday through Friday. A
permit is not needed to park for less than two hours. AB 2097 does not
directly impact the existing RPPP areas because it specifically targets
minimum parking requirements for new developments near transit stops.
Existing residential permit parking regulations can remain unaffected by AB
2097.
Installing conspicuous signage is essential. There are several signs indicating
RPPP zone in Downtown. However, some signs are not visible due to the
vegetation growth. Signs are also small, and some information is displayed
in small fonts that can easily be missed (refer to Figure 3). Enhanced design
and proper placement can make these signs more visible. It is also important
to indicate the consequences on the signs. Additionally, educating both
residents and visitors about the RPPP hours and consequences is crucial.
Effective communication ensures that visitors understand the rules and
potential repercussions.Figure 2: Downtown Permit Parking AreasBased on stakeholder interviews, the participants were more concerned
with parking regulations and fees than availability of existing parking
needed to support business.
It should be noted that a pending SB 834 that was introduced during the
2023-2024 legislative session, if passed, will prohibit local authorities from
issuing permits for preferential parking privileges to residents or vendors of
developments within 1/2 mile of public transit and exempt developments
from parking minimums. The bill would require the local authority to revise
the boundaries of any such preferential parking district to exclude all
preferential parking within 1/2 mile of public transitǤ6
3. Curb Parking Space Management
It is expected that AB 2097 will reduce the creation of new off-street parking
spaces. This reduction may create more competition for limited on-street
parking spaces. Among other things, reducing the number of parking spaces
increases competition for the curb space from residents that may want to
use on-street parking spaces, employees and visitors looking to park, and
rideshare drivers dropping off the passengers. In addition, curb space is used
for bike parking, parklets, landscaped islands and so on.
Figure 3: Downtown Permit Parking Signage
While there may be parking spaces in garages and lots, there will always be
competition for on-street spaces that are be more convenient. The City
currently regulates the long-term use of curb space in Downtown and
California Avenue areas by imposing a two-hour time limit. The City also has
designated bike spaces allocated along University Avenue and California
Avenue.
Curb space is also covered by parklets- outdoor dining area using parking
spaces. These have become prevalent during COVID-19 pandemic and are
well received by the patrons. These also create much needed vibrancy in the
area. However, they reduce the number of spaces available for parking.5. Retail Locations Outside of the AB 2097 Areas
Retail locations outside the designated AB 2097 areas are not subject to the
parking reduction requirements specified by this law. These areas can
continue to follow existing parking regulations without the constraints
imposed by AB 2097. Additionally, sixteen parcels in Downtown area are just
outside the AB 2097 radius and will need to comply with parking regulations
per zoning code. These parcels are at a disadvantage compared to rest of
4. Residential Permit Parking Program
The Palo Alto Residential Permit Parking Program (RPPP) aims to provide
parking availability for residents and employees living and working in RPPP
areas. The RPPP allows residents and employees to obtain permits for on-
street parking. These permits grant permit holder a priority access to on-
street parking spaces within designated zones for certain time periods.
However, despite the RPPP designating specific hours for residents, visitors
may still choose to park in these zones due to the lack of alternative options
or lack of knowledge of RPPP zones. The City must actively enforce RPPP
regulations to discourage unauthorized parking. Regular patrols, ticketing,
and penalties can serve as deterrents.
6 SB 834: Vehicles: preferential parking: residential, commercial, or otherdevelopment project. Accessed May 1, 2024,https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb834
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the parcels within Downtown. For equity purposes, it is advised that the City
consider extending the provisions of AB 2097 to these parcels.
maximums to incentivize public parking provision, instituting employee
parking programs, and implementing demand-based pricing.
parking reductions as a tool to incentivize desired uses or improvements.
This possible tool will be very limited or not otherwise available in areas
covered by AB 2097 provisions.6. Peer City Management Strategies 7. Eliminates Possible Incentive Tool
Parking management strategies from peer cities include integrating parking
with TDM development standards, unbundling parking, establishing parking
By removal of the parking requirements, AB 2097 creates and incentive for
new development within the affected areas. However, many cities use
City of Palo Alto Appendix C, Page 8
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Recommendations Figure 4: Downtown / CD-C Zoned Parcels Outside AB 2097
AB 2097 will dramatically limit and reduce the creation of new privately
constructed or funded parking spaces associated with new or expanded
development within the affected areas. This will require a shift from
creation of new parking with development projects to a focus on
management and optimization of the existing parking inventory to balance
the supply of parking with the demand for parking from existing and future
uses and development.
Management and optimization will require ongoing monitoring of the use
of the existing supply. The supply includes not only public parking garages,
surface lots and on-street spaces, but also the private off-street parking.
This section will discuss a number of the tools and methods to manage and
optimize parking both in and outside of areas affected by AB 2097.
Based upon the findings of this report, the following section provides further
detail of specific recommendations for the identified impacts on parking for
retail business in the four study areas of Palo Alto.
1. Extend AB 2097 to Entire CD-C Zone for Equity
Within Downtown, there are 16 parcels in the CD-C district on University
Avenue that lie just northeast of the half-mile radius from a high-quality
transit stop that are not exempt from the parking requirements by AB 2097
(refer to Figure 4). Unless the provisions of AB 2097 are extended, these
parcels will remain subject to minimum parking requirements and the
Commercial Downtown Assessment District standards of 18.52 of the
PAMC. To ensure equitable development conditions for all parcels in the
Downtown area, it is recommended that uniform regulations be applied to
the entirety of the CD-C districts in the Downtown area.
2. Allow Retail Flexibility Without Requiring Additional Parking
In retail areas outside the influence of AB 2097, restrictions on retail
conversion to retail or retail-like uses (for example, changing a boutique
store into a restaurant or art gallery) can be removed due to provision of
parking in accordance with the new use as long as the square footage is not
increased. This will remove restrictions on developers and allow them to
experiment with new uses to fill in vacancies.
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3. Parking Management & Optimization The City can use time limits and parking fees to manage and balance the use
and occupancy of the parking supply at or near the optimum levels. Shorter
parking periods can encourage more turnover and higher hourly parking
fees are generally increased in the most popular areas while longer parking
periods and lower parking fees are allowed in less popular areas.
unused, it will reduce the perception of a parking shortage and need to
oversupply parking. The City could collaborate with business owners and
employees to understand parking needs and work schedules.Based on the initial findings, there is currently an ample supply of parking to
absorb significant new development and to fill existing vacancies in both
Downtown and California Avenue. However, as redevelopment occurs, the
combination of intensification and the lack of parking requirements due to
AB 2097 will begin to impact the existing parking supply. Optimum parking
occupancy is approximately 85%. This ensures excellent utilization of a
precious resource, but adequate availability to ensure reasonable access
without excessive search and delay7. Beyond this point, parking availability
becomes strained, and visitors may find it challenging to locate suitable
parking spaces. When parking spaces are consistently occupied beyond this
threshold it can lead to:
During interviews, the stakeholders expressed concerns about employees
encountering challenges when obtaining permits for parking garages. These
permits come in various types (three-month, six-month, and annual) and
can be purchased during specific periods of the year. In addition, the City
charges flat $8 daily rate for garages and lots beyond the free 2-to-3-hour
parking. Their suggestion is that the City should offer a variety of pricing
options for different time periods. It is recommended that the City work
with business owners to find solutions that are acceptable to both City and
business owners.
Recommendations 3 to 9 listed in this section include other methods to help
manage and optimize the parking resources.
4. Develop Ordinance to Unbundle Parking
AB 1317, passed in October 2023, focuses on unbundling parking in
California, requiring owners of qualifying residential properties8 to separate
parking costs from rent, i.e., renting or selling parking separately rather than
automatically including it with the price of building space. The law goes into
effect on January 1, 2025. Unbundling parking is the set of policies and
actions to create a balance between the supply and demand of parking,
reducing the inefficiencies that result in both high concentrations of
localized parking demand in some areas and underutilized spaces in other
areas.
x
x
Inconvenience: Visitors may struggle to find available parking spots.
Reduced Foot Traffic: High parking demand might discourage
potential customers.
Stakeholders also expressed that the time limit for on-street parking poses
challenges for employees. As previously recommended, employees should
refrain from using on-street parking spaces, reserving them instead for
visitors. Educating business owners about the impact of employee use of
on-street parking could foster an understanding of the necessity for parking
in off-site garages and parking lots.
x Business Impact: Commercial areas could lose business due to
parking constraints.
In order to understand this impact, it is recommended that the City conduct
a parking supply and demand study of these areas at least once a year or as
significant development or changes to mobility options occur in these areas.
Below are some parking trends and factors to explore in such a study.
Benefits of unbundling include:6. Pursue Shared-Use Agreementsx
x
x
The parking spaces that exist will be more efficiently used.
Non-drivers are not required to pay for parking they don’t need.
The market value of land used as parking becomes clear.
Owners of private parking facilities may be willing to enter an agreement
that allows public parking outside of certain established hours. For example,
if adequately compensated, offices may be willing to allow public parking in
the evenings and on weekends, or religious institutions may be willing to
allow public parking on weekdays. The City can facilitate shared parking
between landowners by creating ready-to-use shared parking agreement.
On-Street and Off-Street Parking
Unbundling is especially helpful in areas that are not subject to minimum
parking requirements, which now includes most of the Downtown and all of
California Avenue study areas, due to their proximity to High Quality Transit
Stop as defined by AB 2097. The success of this strategy also hinges on
parking management, which seeks to ensure that concentrated locations of
high parking demand are efficiently disbursed to locations where parking
availability is plentiful.
x
x
What is the supply and demand of on street and off-street parking
conditions during the peak hours, on weekdays, and on weekends?
Who are the parking user groups using these spaces—customers,
business owners, employees, delivery drivers, or others?The City can enter into parking agreements with the landowners to use
private parking during hours that it typically goes unused. These areas can
be advertised on-site and, on the website, as available parking spaces during
certain times of the day.
Peak Parking Demand
x
x
What time does peak parking demand occur on a typical weekday
and on a typical weekend?
What is the overall parking occupancy rate for the study area on
these typical days?
5. Create an Employee Parking Plan and Program 7. Paid Parking Program
Businesses can encourage employees not to park in the most convenient
customer parking spaces. If patrons must drive around the block several
times to find parking, they could potentially leave to seek another similar
business with better parking space options. This situation often arises
because employees use the on-street and off-street spaces that are most
convenient to business patrons. If employees are encouraged to not park in
these parking spaces and instead use the spaces that would otherwise be
Paid on-street parking can effectively increase turnover rates and the supply
of convenient parking spaces. Both California Avenue and University Avenue
offer free on-street parking for the first two hours and then the visitors mustTurnover of Parking Spaces move their vehicle. Downtown has a system of color zones-x How long are cars staying and how often are spaces turning over
and where?
purple, coral, lime, and blue, once the time limit expires in a given color
7 The High Cost of Free Parking, Donald Shoup.
8 The bill would define “qualifying residential property” as any dwelling or unitthat is intended for human habitation that (1) is issued a certificate of occupancy
on or after January 1, 2025, (2) consists of 16 or more residential units, and (3) is
located within the County of Alameda, Fresno, Los Angeles, Riverside,Sacramento, San Bernardino, San Joaquin, Santa Clara, Shasta, or Ventura.
https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1
317, Accessed April 29. 2024.
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zone you must move your vehicle out of that zone. Reparking is not allowed
in the same zone on same enforcement day once the time limit expires9.
alternative source of access to the single occupant vehicle as well as a first,
last, and/or only mile link to destinations, especially for locals. These are
essential ingredients of TDM strategy. The report found that there is a
robust regional bus network, but there is a lack of bus redundancy in parts
of the City around neighborhood serving districts. This gap is being
addressed to some degree with the recently instated on-demand transit
service pilot program. While there is a robust bicycle network, some critical
routes connecting commercial districts with neighborhoods and other
destinations lack adequate signage and lane markings. Lastly, there is no
micro mobility program for shared bicycles and/or scooters, which are now
common and widely used services for people of vastly ranging ages and
socioeconomic status.
As new technologies emerge, it is advised that the City explore and
implement technologies that can deliver real time information via an app or
website. These can be applicable to parking garages, lots and on-street
parking spaces and can help patrons find and receive directions to the
nearest available space.
The off-street parking is free for first 2 to 3 hours depending on the lot or
garage. It jumps to a flat rate of $8 per day after that. The City could
implement incremental increase in rates instead if a flat $8 per day10. This
recommendation was brought to the PTC in 2019. At the time of
recommendation, the flat rate was $25 per day. This was reduced to $8
during COVID 19 pandemic.
This strategy is also applicable for areas not covered by AB 2097.
10. Improve Signage and Wayfinding for Parking
Effective signage ensures visitors can find their way without confusion. Palo
Alto has signage directing to the parking areas, but they don’t provide
information on parking availability in particular garages or lots or directions
to particular garage or lot.
It is recommended that the City evaluate implementing a paid metered on-
street instead of moving the vehicle every 2 hours when a parking utilization
threshold is reached. While colored zones system may be a financially viable
option for frequent turnover it requires familiarity and can be confusing for
the visitors who may not be aware of the zones.The report recommended several strategies under Guiding Principle 2, all of
which will help the City enhance its TDM strategy and reduce the need for
parking.
Figure 5: Downtown Parking Signage
Similar to Pasadena, the City of Palo Alto can also implement higher rates
for on-street parking and lower rates for public garages and lots to
encourage long-term visitors and employees to park in the off-site garages
and lots and leave more convenient parking for short-time visitors.
Guiding Principle 2: Improve accessibility by embracing walking
and biking solutions to/from/within all of the City's commercial
districts and addressing parking policies and systems.
8. Enhance the City’s Transportation Demand Management (TDM)
Strategy This strategy is also applicable for areas not covered by AB 2097.
9. Explore Emerging TechnologiesTDM refers to a set of strategies aimed at improving transportation
efficiency, reducing congestion, and promoting sustainable travel options.
These strategies encourage a shift away from single-occupancy vehicle trips
and prioritize alternative modes of transportation, thereby reducing the
need for parking spaces.
Palo Alto actively embraces technology to manage parking efficiently and
enhance urban mobility.Palo Alto has deployed
automated parking guidance system (APGS) in its Downtown and California
Avenue area garages. These systems feature ceiling-mounted multi-
function camera sensors that monitor and display the status of up to six
parking spaces per aisle. Integrated LED indicators indicate space availability
and permitted parking types. This real-time information helps drivers find
available parking spots more efficiently.
Palo Alto’s Municipal Code Section 18.52.050 (d) grants the Director of
Planning and Development Services the authority to require including TDM
strategies for any project requesting a reduction in parking or generating 50
or more net new weekday (AM or PM peak hour) or weekend peak hour
trips. While the developer is limited to the project site for the
implementation of a TDM program/strategy the City can implement a TDM
program/strategy at neighborhood or citywide scale which can have a more
significant impact on the parking impacts in Downtown and California
Avenue.
In 2015, Palo Alto installed 545 Internet of Things (IoT) sensors throughout
the city most of which were installed in Downtown11. These sensors are
equipped to provide real-time data via website and app on vacant parking
spots in the Downtown area. The goal is to reduce congestion and enhance
the overall parking experience. However, there is no information on the
data received by these sensors on the website and there is no app available
to find parking spaces. Currently these sensors are nor active.An assessment by Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy
adopted by the City Council in August 2023 focused on city-wide access and
connectivity of transit and bike networks as these systems provide an
9Downtown Color Zone Parking,
https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/Departments/Transportation/Parking/Parking-
10 Parking Work Plan,
https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/Departments/Transportation/Parking/Palo-Alto-
11 Government Technology, California Cities Turn to Internet of Things to Solve
Parking, Traffic Problems, October 27, 2015,
Programs/Downtown-Color-Zone-Parking, Accessed April 29, 2024 Parking-Action-Plan/Parking-Work-Plan, Accessed April 22, 2024 https://www.govtech.com/fs/california-cities-turn-to-internet-of-things-to-solve-parking-traffic-problems.html
City of Palo Alto Appendix C, Page 11
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Most garages in Downtown and California Avenue area have APGS as
discussed in previous recommendation. Hence, once the patron reaches the
garage, they can have the information on availability of parking. The existing
APGS and emerging technologies can be integrated with digital signage at
strategic locations, that can provide real time information on parking. This
will reduce the time spent to find parking in the retail areas.
11. Curb Space Management will reduce the burden on curb space. Lastly, paid parking effectively
increases turnover rates and the supply of convenient parking spaces.
Leveraging technology to provide real-time information on parking
availability can play an important role in efficient parking management
These strategies are discussed in the Recommendation section of this
report.
Increasing the opportunity to walk and bike to various locations and to
complete short distance trips can alleviate pressure on parking. Adopting a
micromobility program for shared bicycles and/or scooters and providing
adequate curb space may also reduce the need for car for shorter trips.
Other strategies, such as encouraging employees to not park in the most
convenient customer parking spaces and instead use the off-street parking,This strategy is also applicable for areas not covered by AB 2097.
City of Palo Alto Appendix C, Page 12
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Attachment 1 - Parking Requirements
The following are the minimum off-street parking requirements for retail establishments.
Table 3: Minimum Off-Street Parking Requirements
Use Parking Requirement
Retail
Intensive (retail not defined as extensive)1 per 200 sq. ft. of gross floor area
1 per 350 sq. ft. of gross floor area
Extensive (retail with more than 75% of gross floor area
used for display, sales, and related storage, with
demonstrably low parking demand generation per
square foot of gross floor area)
1 space for each 500 square feet of sales, display, or
storage site areaOpen lot
Shopping Center 1 per 275 sq. ft. of gross floor area
Table 4: Minimum Off-Street Parking Requirements for Parking Assessment Districts
Use Parking Requirement
Downtown University Avenue Parking Assessment District
All uses (except residential) 2 1 per 250 square feet
City of Palo Alto Appendix C, Page 13
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Attachment 2 - Existing Parking
Downtown/University Avenue
Figure 6: Off-Street Parking - Downtown/University Avenue Figure 7: On-Street Parking - Downtown/University Ave
City of Palo Alto Appendix C, Page 14
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Table 5: Downtown/University Avenue Public Parking Supply California Avenue
Type Parking Spaces Size (Acres)Figure 8: Off-Street Parking - California AvenueOff-Street Structure
High/Alma South Garage (R)
High/Alma North Garage (Q)
Ramona/University Garage (B)
Bryant/Lytton Garage (SL)
Webster/Cowper Garage (WC)
Civic Center Garage (CC)
Total Off-Street Structure
Off-Street Lot
210
130
0.5
0.8
0.5
1.1
1.4
2.0
6.3
133
681
587
721
2,462
Emerson/Ramona Lot (N)
Cowper/Hamilton (H)
High/Hamilton Lot (P)
Lytton/Kipling Lot (T)
Lytton / Waverley Lot (K)
Hamilton/Waverley Lot (D)
Gilman/Waverley Lot (G)
Gilman/Bryant Lot (E)
Florence/Lytton Lot (F)
Ramona/Lytton Lot (C)
Emerson/Lytton Lot (A)
Emerson/High Lot (O)
Total Off-Street Lot
48
93
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.7
0.7
0.3
0.9
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
6.3
12.6
-
52
52
97
84
53
35
47
52
68
77
758
3,220
1,035
4,255
Total Off-Street
Total On-Street
Grand Total 12.6
City of Palo Alto Appendix C, Page 15
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Figure 9: On-Street Parking - California Avenue Table 6: California Avenue Public Parking Supply
Type Parking Spaces Size (Acres)
Off-Street Structure
Lot 5 - Cambridge E/Garage (A)
Lot 3 - Cambridge W/Garage (B)
350 Sherman Garage (C)
157
182
627
966
0.7
0.7
1.0
2.4Total Off-Street Structure
Off-Street Lot
Lot 9 - Birch/Cambridge (D)
Lot 1 - Cambridge/Park (E)
Lot 2 - Cambridge/Birch (F)
Lot 8 - Sherman/Ash Lot (G)
Lot 4 - Cambridge/Birch (H)
Total Off-Street Lot
28
27
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.8
0.5
1.9
4.3
-
28
103
87
273
1,239
756
1,995
Total Off-Street
Total On-Street
Grand Total 4.3
City of Palo Alto Appendix C, Page 16
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Midtown
Figure 11: On-Street Parking - MidtownFigure 10: Off-Street Parking - Midtown
Table 7: Midtown Public Parking Supply
Type Parking Spaces Size (Acres)
Off-Street Lot
Colorado/Midtown Ct Lot (A)
Total Off-Street Lot
Total On-Street
93
93
0.7
0.7
-25
Grand Total 118 0.7
City of Palo Alto Appendix C, Page 17
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El Camino Real
Figure 12: On-Street Parking - El Camino Real Table 8: El Camino Real Public Parking Supply
Type Parking Spaces Size (Acres)
PAMF Drive to Galvez St. /
Embarcadero Rd.26 -
-Serra St./ Park Blvd. to College Ave.
Sheridan Ave. to San Antonio Rd.
Total On-Street
61
222
309
309
-
-Grand Total
City of Palo Alto Appendix C, Page 18
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Attachment 3 - AB 2097 Relief Areas
Figure 13: AB 2097 Relief Area - Downtown/University Avenue and El Camino Real- Town and Country Figure 14: AB 2097 Relief Area - California Avenue
City of Palo Alto Appendix C, Page 19
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Figure 15: AB 2097 Relief Areas - Midtown Figure 16: AB 2097 Relief Area - El Camino Real s
City of Palo Alto Appendix C, Page 20
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City of Palo Alto Appendix D, Page 1
Introduction
A detailed review of the Palo Alto Zoning Ordinance was conducted to
review the permitted uses, development standards, and procedures. The
purpose of the analysis is to identify likely and potential constraints and
opportunities to improve the health and function of retail uses and the main
commercial retail and commercial corridors and provide recommendations
for improvement.
Zone Districts
There are five primary zone districts with several subdistricts and combined
districts layered on the base districts, as follows:
Neighborhood Commercial (CN)
The CN district is designed to create neighborhood shopping areas primarily
accommodating retail sales, personal service, eating and drinking, and office
uses of moderate size serving and compatible with the immediate
neighborhood.
Community Commercial (CC)
The CC district is designed to create major commercial centers
accommodating a wide range of uses intended to support the greater Palo
Alto and regional community identified in the General Plan.
Community Commercial 2 (CC[2])
The CC (2) subdistrict is designed to modify the site development
regulations of the CC district and has a different approval process compared
to the CC district.
Service Commercial (CS)
The CS district is designed to accommodate local and regional services that
generally require vehicular access and convenience.
Downtown Commercial (CD)
The CD district is designed to cover the entirety of downtown Palo Alto and
support a wide variety of uses to support local and regional businesses with
the following key objectives:
• Control the rate and size of commercial development
• Preserve and promote ground-floor retail
• Enhance pedestrian activity
• Create transitions from commercial to retail uses
• Preserve historic buildings
The CD district includes the following subdistricts:
• CD-C (Community)
• CD-S (Service)
• CD-N (Neighborhood)
Combining Districts
Retail Shopping (R)
Modifies the CN, CC, and CD districts to allow only retail, eating, and service-
oriented commercial on the ground floors.
Pedestrian Shopping (P)
Modifies the CN, CC, and CD districts to require pedestrian site design
amenities, including:
• Display windows or retail display areas
• Pedestrian arcades, recessed entryways, or any covered pedestrian
areas
• Landscaping or architectural design features
• Vehicular restriction on pedestrian areas
Figure 1: Palo Alto Layers of Regulation
Source: Streetsense
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City of Palo Alto Appendix D, Page 2
Ground Floor (GF)
The district provides design standards when combined with the CD-C
subdistrict and permits the uses allowed in the commercial districts and
subdistricts to promote active, pedestrian-oriented uses, with a high level
of transparency at ground level. Office not allowed.
Pedestrian and Transit Oriented Development (PTOD)
The PTOD district permits a mix of uses and densities through development
standards as well as providing context-based design criteria standards
aimed to activate and create an attractive pedestrian-level environment
along the California Avenue corridor. The objectives of the PTOD district
include:
• Supporting use of public transportation
• Encouraging a variety of housing types, commercial retail, and
limited office uses
• Encouraging context-based project design
• Requiring streetscape design elements that support pedestrian and
bike infrastructure
Definitions
Formula Retail Business
Retail, personal, or eating and drinking service that has more than 10
locations throughout the United States and are standardized in character
and function, typically known as a franchise or chain. Standardized
merchandise, menu and/or services are defined as having 50 percent or
more of in-stock merchandise from a single distributor bearing the same or
similar markings, and 50 percent or more of menu items identical in name
and presentation with other locations.
Retail Service
Retail service in Palo Alto is defined as open to the public during typical
business hours and relates to retail sale, rental, service, processing, or repair
of items intended for consumer or household use. Retail services are further
separated into two categories:
• Extensive retail service: A retail sales use that has more than 75
percent of the gross floor area used for display, sales, and related
storage.
• Intensive retail service: Any retail service use that is not defined as
extensive retail service, including limited food services such as
premade food and packaged items.
Retail-like Use
Retail services and closely related services are open to the public during
typical business hours, and include the following type of uses: eating and
drinking services, hotels, personal services, theaters, travel agencies,
commercial recreation, commercial nurseries, auto dealerships, and
daycare centers.
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City of Palo Alto Appendix D, Page 3
Permitted Uses
The following table details the permitted retail uses for each district, subdistrict, and combining district.
Table 1: Permitted Uses by Area and Zone Dsitrict
PALO ALTO RETAIL ZONING STUDY El Camino Real, Midtown California Ave University Ave El Camino Real Combining Districts
Land Use CN(1) CC, CC(2) CD-C CS
R
(ground floor use restrictions)
(Cal Ave)
GF
(ground floor use restrictions)
(Univ Ave)
PTOD
(Cal Ave)
Retail Use
Eating and Drinking Service, except drive-in or take-out
services P P P P P P P
Retail Service P P P P P P P
Shopping Center P P
Liquor Store CUP P P P
Retail-like Services
Hotel P P P P P
Personal Services P P(6) P(4) P P(2) P(3) P
Travel Agency P
Commercial Recreation
Less than 5,000 sf CUP(5) CUP(5) P(7) CUP(5) P P
Over 5,000 sf CUP(7) CUP P
Day Care Centers P P P P CUP P
Business or Trade School P CUP
Financial Services (no drive-in) P CUP CUP
General Business Service CUP CUP
Learning Center (small) CUP CUP
Formula Retail on California Avenue CUP
Beauty Shops, Nail Salons, Barbershops, Fitness Studios >
1,800 gfa, Small Learning Centers (6) (4) CUP
Professional, and General Business Offices P* P* P P*
Medical Offices CUP(5) CUP(5) P CUP(5)
NOTES:
California Ave R Combining District in conflict with this footnote - R Combining District doesn't list and therefore prohibits where explictly allowed with a CUP in CC(2) zone.
Conflicts between GF and underlying zone - Combining/overlay supersedes base zone.
PTOD is limited to approximately 2 small properties on/near CalIfornia Ave.
FOOTNOTES:
(1) For properties in the CN and CS zone districts, businesses that operate or have associated activities at any time between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 6:00
a.m. require a conditional use permit (CUP).
(2) Personal services, except the following on California Avenue:
Beauty shops; nail salons; Barbershops; Laundry and cleaning services as defined in Section 18.04.030(114)(B); Fitness or exercise studios exceeding 1,800
square feet in gross floor area; and Learning centers intended for individual or small group settings.
(3) Personal services, except for parcels with frontage on University Avenue, where uses defined in Section 18.04.030(114)(B), (G),(H), and (I) are not permitted.
(4) A CUP is required for the following uses when fronting on University Avenue:
(A) fitness or exercise studios, and similar uses; and
(B) learning centers intended for individual or small group settings.
(5) A CUP is not required for medical office or commercial recreation uses up to 5,000 square feet of gross floor area, with the following exceptions, for which a
CUP is always required:
(A) medical office fronting on California Avenue and in the Midtown Shopping District;
(B) commercial recreation uses fronting on California Avenue and in the Town and Country Village Shopping Center.
(6) A CUP is required for the following uses when fronting on California Avenue:
(A) fitness or exercise studios, and similar uses exceeding 1,800 square feet in gross floor area; and
(B) learning centers intended for individual or small group settings.
A CUP is required for fitness or exercise studios, and similar uses exceeding 1,800 square feet in gross floor area in Town and Country Village Shopping
Center.
(7) A CUP is not required for commercial recreation uses up to 5,000 square feet of gross floor area, with the following exceptions, for which a CUP is always
required:
(A) medical office fronting on University Avenue;
(B) commercial recreation uses fronting on University Avenue.
* Per 18.16.050(a), Medical, professional, and business offices shall not be located on the ground floor, unless any of the following apply to such offices:
1. Occupy a space that was not occupied by retail services, personal services, eating and drinking services.
2. Are located in new or remodeled ground floor area built on or after March 19, 2001, if the ground floor area is devoted to housing, retail services, eating and
drinking services, personal services.
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City of Palo Alto Appendix D, Page 4
Grandfathered Uses
CN District Office Uses
In the CN district, all office uses existing as of August 1, 1989, which were
conforming permitted uses or conditional uses operating subject to a
conditional use permit and exceeding 5,000 square feet in size or 25 percent
of lot area, may remain as legal nonconforming uses and shall not require a
conditional use permit.
CS District Office Uses
In the CS district, medical, professional, or general business or
administrative office uses existing on August 1, 1989, and which, as of such
date, were lawful conforming permitted uses or conditional uses operating
subject to a conditional use permit may remain as nonconforming uses and
shall not require a conditional use permit or be subject to termination.
Development Standards
CN, CC, CC(2), CS, and CD districts have development standards for
exclusively nonresidential and mixed-use and residential. The following
table identifies the maximum size of retail establishments by type. A
comprehensive list of the development standards for the CD district can be
found in Table 4.
Table 2: Maximum Size of Retail Establishment by Type
Maximum Size of Establishment (sq ft)
Type of Establishment CN CD
Personal Services 3,000 3,000
Retail Services, except grocery stores 15,000 15,000
Grocery Stores 20,000 20,000
Eating and Drinking Services 5,000 5,000
Neighborhood Business Services 3,000 -
Retail Preservation Ordinance 18.40.180
(Relevant portions excerpted)
1. Conversion of Retail and Retail-Like Uses Prohibited.
a. Any ground floor Retail or Retail-Like use permitted or operating as
of March 2, 2015, may be replaced only by another Retail or Retail-
Like use, as permitted in the applicable district.
2. Non-conforming Uses.
a. The requirements imposed by the retail ordinance do not apply to
Retail or Retail-like uses that are no longer permitted or
conditionally permitted in the applicable district.
3. Waivers and Adjustments; and Exemptions.
a. Economic Hardship. An applicant may request that the
requirements of this section be adjusted or waived based on a
showing that applying the requirements of this section would force
an unconstitutional taking of property or otherwise have an
unconstitutional application to the property; or
b. Alternative Viable Active Use. Except in the GF or R combining
districts, an applicant may request that the requirements of the
retail ordinance be adjusted or waived based on a showing that: the
permitted retail or retail-like use is not viable; the proposed use will
support the purposes of the zoning district and Comprehensive Plan
land use designation, and the proposed use will encourage active
pedestrian-oriented activity and connections.
4. Exemptions.
a. A 100% affordable housing project not within the Ground Floor (GF)
and/or Retail (R) combining districts or on a site abutting El Camino
Real (households with income levels at or below 120% of the area
median income).
b. A 100% affordable housing project on a site abutting El Camino Real
in the CN and CS zone districts outside the Retail (R) combining
district(households with income levels at or below 120% of the area
median income and where the average household income does not
exceed 80% of the area median income level).
c. A high-density residential or mixed-use project in the CS zone
district, but not within the Ground Floor (GF) or Retail (R) combining
districts, shall be required to replace only 1,500 square feet of an
existing retail or retail-like use. For the purposes of this partial
exemption, high-density shall mean 30 or more dwelling units per
acre.
d. Reconstruction. Any ground floor Retail use existing on or after
March 2, 2015 may be demolished and rebuilt provided that the
portion of square footage used as Retail use on or after March 2,
2015 is not reduced except that Retail square footage may be
reduced by the minimum amount needed to provide access to any
new upper floor and/or lower level.
Item 3
Attachment D: Appendix D Zoning
Review and Comparison
Packet Pg. 141
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix D, Page 5
Parking Requirements
Table 3: Minimum Off-Street Parking Requirements by Use
Minimum Off-Street Parking Requirements Minimum Off-Street Parking Requirements for Parking
Assessment Districts
Use Vehicle Parking Requirement (# of spaces)
For Downtown University Avenue Parking Assessment
District:
All uses (except residential) 1 per 250 sf
For California Avenue Parking Assessment District:
Retail Uses1
Intensive 1 per 200 sf of gross floor area 1 per 240 sf of gross floor area
Extensive 1 per 350 sf of gross floor area 1 per 350 sf of gross floor area
Open lot 1 space for each 500 sf of sales, display, or storage site area 1 for each 500 sf of sales, display, or storage site area
Eating and Drinking Services
With drive-in or take-out
facilities
3 per 100 sf of gross floor area 3 per 100 sf of gross floor area
All others 1 space for each 60 gross sf of public service area, plus 1 space
for each 200 gross sf for all other areas.
1 per 155 sf of gross floor area
Personal Services 1 per 200 sf of gross floor area 1 per 450 sf of gross floor area
Hotel/Motel/Inn 1 space per guestroom; plus the applicable requirement for
eating and drinking, banquet, assembly, commercial or other as
required for such uses, less up to 75% of the spaces required for
guestrooms, upon approval by the director based on a parking
study of parking generated by the mix of uses.
1 For residential mixed-use developments in the CD-C zone, CC(2) zone, on CN and CS zoned sites abutting El Camino Real, and on CS zoned sites abutting San Antonia Road between Middlefield Road and East
Charleston Road, the first 1,500 square feet of ground-floor retail uses shall not be counted toward the vehicle parking requirement.
Parking Regulations for CD Assessment District 18.52.070
(Relevant portions excerpted)
On-site parking
1. On-Site Parking Requirement
a. Any new development, addition, or any use of any floor area that has
never been assessed under any Bond Plan G financing pursuant to
Title 13, shall provide one parking space for each 250 gross square
feet of floor area.
2. Exceptions
a. Square footage for handicapped access, which does not increase the
usable floor area, and square footage for at or above grade parking,
though such square footage is included in the FAR calculations
b. A conversion to commercial use of a historic building shall be exempt
from the on-site parking requirement in subsection provided that the
building is fifty feet or less in height and has most recently been in
residential use. Conversion must not eliminate any existing on-site
parking.
c. Vacant parcels shall be exempt from the requirements at the time
when development occurs. Development shall be exempt to the
extent of 0.3 parking spaces 1,000 square feet of site area, provided
that such parcels were at some time assessed for parking under a
Bond Plan E financing or were subject to other ad valorem
assessments for parking.
Off-site parking
1. Must be within a reasonable distance of the site using it or, if the site is
within an assessment district, within a reasonable distance of the
assessment district boundary and approved in writing by the director of
planning and community environment. Any development occurring on
the site where parking is provided shall not result in a net reduction of
parking spaces provided, considering both the parking previously
provided and the parking required by the proposed use.
In-lieu parking
2. In connection with any expansion of the supply of public parking spaces
within the CD commercial downtown district, the city shall allocate a
number of spaces for use as "in-lieu parking" spaces to allow
development to occur on sites which would otherwise be precluded from
development due to parking constraints imposed by this chapter. Off-site
parking on such sites may be provided by payment of an in-lieu monetary
contribution to the city to defray the cost of providing such parking.
Criteria to be eligible for in-lieu parking program:
a. On site parking would impact historic structure
b. Site is >10,000 sf
c. Site is located in an area where curb cuts are prohibited
d. Physical constraints
Item 3
Attachment D: Appendix D Zoning
Review and Comparison
Packet Pg. 142
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix D, Page 6
Table 4: Palo Alto Zoning Comparison Matrix - Santa Monica and Los Altos
#
ZONING STANDARD/
APPROACH PALO ALTO
SANTA MONICA
LOS ALTOS
Downtown Community Plan
(Bayside Conservation - 3rd Street Promenade)
Mixed-use and Commercial Districts
(Neighborhood Commercial)
1 Level of regulation –
Zone Districts
Zone Districts
Downtown Commercial (CD)
Neighborhood Commercial (CN)
Community Commercial (CC)
Community Commercial 2 (CC[2])
Service Commercial (CS)
Downtown Districts
Bayside Conservation (BC) – Third Street
Promenade Area
Mixed-Use Boulevard (MUB)
Neighborhood Village (NV)
Transit Adjacent (TA)
Ocean Transition (OT)
Wilshire Transition (WT)
Lincoln Transition (LT)
Design Guidelines
Zone Districts
Neighborhood Commercial (NC)
Main Street
Pico Boulevard
Ocean Park Boulevard
Montana Avenue
Mixed-Use Boulevard Low (MUBL)
Mixed-Use Boulevard (MUB)
General Commercial (GC)
Zone Districts
Commercial Downtown (CD)
Commercial Retail Sales (CRS)
Commercial Retail Sales/Office (CRS/OAD)
2 Overlay Districts Combining Districts
Retail Shopping (R)
Pedestrian Shopping (P)
Ground Floor (GF)
Pedestrian and Transit Oriented Development
(PTOD)
Neighborhood Conservation (NC)
Purpose of identifying, conserving, maintaining, strengthening, and enhancing a neighborhood’s
cohesive and distinctive architectural or physical characteristics.
Off-Street Parking (A)
Intended to provide adequate parking facilities to support important commercial corridors and
neighborhood commercial areas.
Loyola Corners Specific Plan (LCSP)
LC/SPZ overlay (14.42) applies to CN zoned areas
surrounding Miramonte Ave and Fremont Ave.
Special requirements in addition to base zoning.
Certain restrictions on expansion of existing
office/administrative and retail uses under a
master use permit
Parking requirements encourage of non-
conforming uses to turn over to conforming
uses
Ground floor retail uses encouraged in
LC/SPZ overlay through restricting new net
square footage of other ground floor uses
Item 3
Attachment D: Appendix D Zoning
Review and Comparison
Packet Pg. 143
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix D, Page 7
#
ZONING STANDARD/
APPROACH PALO ALTO
SANTA MONICA
LOS ALTOS
Downtown Community Plan
(Bayside Conservation - 3rd Street Promenade)
Mixed-use and Commercial Districts
(Neighborhood Commercial)
3 Ground floor use
regulations/restrictio
ns
Combining Districts
Ground Floor (GF) - The district provides
design standards when combined with the CD-
C subdistrict and permits the uses allowed in
the commercial districts and subdistricts to
promote active, pedestrian-oriented uses,
with a high level of transparency at ground
level.
Prohibits ground floor office Downtown
and Midtown unless grandfathered.
Retail Shopping (R) - Modifies the CN, CC, and
CD districts to allow only retail, eating, and
service-oriented commercial on the ground
floors.
Prohibits ground floor office on California
Ave.
Retail Preservation Ordinance (RPO) (18.40.180)
Any ground floor Retail or Retail-Like use
permitted or operating as of March 2, 2015,
may be replaced only by another Retail or
Retail-Like use, as permitted in the applicable
district.
Restaurants, bars/nightclubs/lounges, car
showrooms, offices, personal services,
food and beverage sales, and instructional
services allowed with CUP or specific
limitations.
Office and residential limited to upper
floors or behind ground floor tenants.
Franchise restaurants (+150 locations)
prohibited on the ground floor.
Active Ground Floor Use and Design 9.11.030(A)
Active Use Requirement
Active use requirements on the ground floor
street frontage on Main Street and Montana
Ave.
Cultural facilities;
Food and beverage sales;
Eating and drinking establishments;
Grooming and pet stores;
Banks and credit unions;
Business services;
Commercial entertainment, recreation,
and Instructional Services;
General personal services and personal
physical training;
General retail sales; and
Childcare facilities.
Active Commercial Design
Design standards (i.e., façade) for ground floor
street frontage active uses.
Pedestrian-Oriented Design
Design standards to improve the ground floor
level environment for pedestrians.
Active Uses
Active uses and active ground floor uses are
required/encouraged in certain commercial
districts.
Design guidelines to promote active ground
floor uses (e.g. transparency requirements)
Sites over 5,000 sq. ft. with existing retail or
restaurant space on the ground floor must
retain the existing sq. ft. of those uses (CD
district)
Office uses restricted to upper floors (CN,
except for new development)
Housing restricted to upper floors (CD,
CRS/OAD districts)
Trade schools restricted to upper floors (CRS,
CRS/OAD districts)
Certain uses restricted on ground floor on
Main Street or State Street (CRS district)
Minimum ceiling height on ground floor to
promote active uses (CT, CD/R3 districts)
Retail expansion limited, but more
encouraged than office/administrative uses
in LC/SPZ overlay district
Item 3
Attachment D: Appendix D Zoning
Review and Comparison
Packet Pg. 144
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix D, Page 8
#
ZONING STANDARD/
APPROACH PALO ALTO
SANTA MONICA
LOS ALTOS
Downtown Community Plan
(Bayside Conservation - 3rd Street Promenade)
Mixed-use and Commercial Districts
(Neighborhood Commercial)
4 Change of Use/
Intensification
process
Change from retail use prohibited in Ground Floor
(GF) and Retail Shopping (R) combining districts.
Minor Use Permits and Conditional Use Permits (9.41)
All Minor Use or Conditional Use Permits must meet the following criteria:
The proposed use is conditionally allowed within the applicable Zoning District and complies
with all other applicable provisions of this Ordinance and all other titles of the Municipal Code.
The proposed use is consistent with the General Plan and any applicable specific plan.
The subject parcel is physically suitable for the type of land use being proposed.
The proposed use is compatible with any of the land uses presently on the subject parcel if the
land uses are to remain.
The proposed use is compatible with existing and permissible land uses within the district and
the general area in which the proposed use is to be located (e.g. size, intensity, hours of
operation, number of employees, or the nature of the operation).
The physical location or placement of the use on the site is compatible with the surrounding
neighborhood.
No significant environmental impacts
Not deemed detrimental to the public interest, health, safety, convenience, or general welfare.
Certain districts allow commercial expansion only
under specific circumstances or of specific sizes.
Certain districts encourage turn-over of non-
conforming uses in active use areas.
5 Retail Definition Retail Service
Retail service in Palo Alto is defined as open to the
public during typical business hours and relates to
retail sale, rental, service, processing, or repair of
items intended for consumer or household use.
Retail services are further separated into two
categories:
Extensive retail service: A retail sales use that
has more than 75 percent of the gross floor
area used for display, sales, and related
storage.
Intensive retail service: Any retail service use
that is not defined as extensive retail service,
including limited food services such as
premade food and packaged items.
Retail-like Use
Retail services and closely related services are open
to the public during typical business hours, and
include the following types of uses: eating and
drinking services, hotels, personal services, theaters,
travel agencies, commercial recreation, commercial
nurseries, auto dealerships, and daycare centers.
Retail Sales Use Classification 9.51.030
General Retail Sales, Small-Scale. The retail sale or rental of merchandise not specifically listed
under another use classification. This classification includes retail establishments with 25,000
square feet or less of sales area; including department stores, clothing stores, furniture stores, pet
supply stores, small hardware, and garden supply/nurseries stores (with 10,000 square feet or less
of floor area), and businesses retailing goods including, but not limited to, the following: toys,
hobby materials, handcrafted items, jewelry, cameras, photographic supplies and services
(including portraiture and retail photo processing), medical supplies and equipment, pharmacies,
electronic equipment, sporting goods, kitchen utensils, hardware, appliances, antiques, art
galleries, art supplies, and services, paint and wallpaper, carpeting and floor covering, office
supplies, bicycles, video rental, and new automotive parts and accessories (excluding vehicle
service and installation). Retail sales may be combined with other services such as office machines,
computers, electronics, and similar small-item repairs.
General Retail Sales, Medium-Scale. Retail establishments with more than 25,000 square feet -
80,000 square feet of sales area.
General Retail Sales, Large-Scale. Retail establishments with over 80,000 square feet of sales area.
Retail Uses
Defined as: uses that predominantly sell products
rather than services, directly to the public, and
generally for consumer or household use. Retail
uses are designed to attract a high volume of walk-
in customers and have floor space that is devoted
predominantly to the display of merchandise to
attract customers. Retail businesses may also
provide incidental after-sales services, such as
repair and installation, for the goods sold.
“Extensive retail” as used with respect to
parking requirements, means a retail use
primarily selling large commodities such as
home or office furniture, floor coverings,
stoves, refrigerators, other household
electrical and gas appliances, including
televisions and home sound systems, and
outdoor furniture, such as lawn furniture,
movable spas and hot tubs.
“Intensive retail” as used with respect to
parking requirements, means any retail use
not defined as an extensive retail use.
Item 3
Attachment D: Appendix D Zoning
Review and Comparison
Packet Pg. 145
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix D, Page 9
#
ZONING STANDARD/
APPROACH PALO ALTO
SANTA MONICA
LOS ALTOS
Downtown Community Plan
(Bayside Conservation - 3rd Street Promenade)
Mixed-use and Commercial Districts
(Neighborhood Commercial)
6 Approval Processes
(ministerial, principal
permitted use, CUP,
Special Permits,
variances, deviations)
Review Procedures – Summary (18.77.050)
Variance, Conditional Use Permits, and
Neighborhood Preservation Exception
Staff - Review
Director – Tentative Decision
Planning Commission – Hearing and
Recommendation (upon request)
City Council – Final Decision (upon
request)
Major Architectural Review
Architectural Review Board - Hearing and
Recommendation
Director – Decision
City Council – Final Decision on Appeal
Minor Architectural Review
Staff – Tentative Decision
Architectural Review Board - Hearing and
Recommendation (upon request)
Director – Decision (if ARB hearing is
requested)
City Council – Final Decision on Appeal
Administrative Approval (9.39)
Required for non-housing projects of more than 1,000 square feet, all new construction, and new additions
to existing buildings that do not exceed the following:
Tier 1 maximum limits;
In Neighborhood Commercial and Oceanfront Districts, 7,500 square feet;
In the Pico Neighborhood Area 7,500 square feet.
Chapter 9.40 Development Review
Intended to allow the construction of certain projects for which the design and siting could result in an
adverse impact on the surrounding area.
Required if the following thresholds are met:
Tier 1 maximum limits;
In Neighborhood Commercial and Oceanfront Districts, 7,500 square feet;
In the Pico Neighborhood Area 7,500 square feet.
Chapter 9.42 Variances
Mechanism for relief from the strict application of zoning code where it will deprive the property
owner of privileges enjoyed by similar properties because of the subject property’s unique and
special conditions.
Property owner must provide required findings to prove special conditions.
Waivers (9.43.40)
Waiver may be granted from the following requirements.
Upper-story stepbacks.
Build-to lines.
Active commercial design standards, including transparency.
Active use requirement.
Unit mix.
Pedestrian-oriented design standards
Design and Transportation Review—Multiple-
Family, Public and Community Facilities, Office
and Administrative, and Commercial Districts
(14.78)
Staff level review (Director or designee); or
Planning Commission review if larger than
500 sq. ft., 50% increase in size, or increasing
height.
Director can require administrative design
review based on special circumstances.
Multimodal transportation review (14.78.090)
Required for projects subject to Planning
Commission design review
Complete Streets Commission review at
public meeting and recommendation to
Planning Commission
Variances (14.78.070)
Variances reviewed by Planning Commission
at public hearing based on special
circumstances of the property
Use Permits (14.80)
Director or designee initial review
Use permits reviewed by Planning
Commission at public hearing
Appeals or call-ups to City Council
7 Approving Authority
& Approval Times
(Ministerial/Building
department, Planning
Staff, PC, City Council)
New construction (permitted uses)
Director — Varies
New construction (CUP uses)
Director — Varies
Major remodeling/tenant improvement
Director — Varies
Minor changes
Director — 6+ Months
New signage/signage change
Director — 6+ months
Zoning Conformance Review — Director
Administrative Approval — Director
Conditional Use Permit — Planning Commission
Development Review Permit — Planning Commission
Minor Use Permit — Director Hearing (Zoning Administrator)
Temporary Use Permit — Director
Minor Modification — Director
Major Modification — Director Hearing - (Zoning Administrator)
Waiver — Director Hearing (Zoning Administrator)
Variance — Planning Commission
Conditional Use Permit — Planning
Commission
Design & Transportation review (minor) —
Director
Design & Transportation review (major) —
Planning Commission (with Complete Streets
Commission recommendation)
Temporary Use Permit — Director
Variance — Planning Commission
Item 3
Attachment D: Appendix D Zoning
Review and Comparison
Packet Pg. 146
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix D, Page 10
#
ZONING STANDARD/
APPROACH PALO ALTO
SANTA MONICA
LOS ALTOS
Downtown Community Plan
(Bayside Conservation - 3rd Street Promenade)
Mixed-use and Commercial Districts
(Neighborhood Commercial)
8 Permitted Uses Downtown Commercial (CD-C)
Retail Use
Eating and Drinking Services, except drive-in
or take-out services
Retail Service
Shopping Center
Liquor Store
Retail-like Services
Hotel
Personal Services
Commercial Recreation – Day Care Centers
Business or Trade School
Financial Services (no drive-in)
Professional, and General Business Offices
Medical Offices
Community Commercial (CC, CC(2))
Retail Use
Eating and Drinking Service, except drive-in or
take-out services
Retail Service
Shopping Center
Liquor Store
Retail-like Services
Hotel
Personal Services
Commercial Recreation – Day Care Centers
Professional, and General Business Offices
Bayside Conservation (BC) - Third Street
Promenade Area
Commercial Uses
Animal Care, Sales, and Services
Grooming and Pet Stores
Commercial Entertainment and Recreation
Cinemas & Theaters
Convention and Conference Centers
Eating and Drinking Establishments
Food Hall (up to 175 seats)
Food and Beverage Sales
Farmer’s Market
Liquor Stores
Lodging
Bed and Breakfast
Hotels and Motels
Personal Services
General Personal Services
Retail Sales
General Retail Sales, Small- and
Medium-Scale
Neighborhood Commercial (NC) – Main St, Pico Blvd,
Montana Ave
Commercial Uses
Eating and Drinking Establishments
Restaurants, Full-Service, Limited Service &
Take-Out (2,500 – 5,000 square feet and
smaller, including Outdoor Dining and
Seating)
Commercial Retail Sales (CRS) – Main St, State St
Business, professional, and trade schools
Office-administrative services
Personal services
Private clubs, lodges, or fraternal
organizations
Restaurants, excluding drive-through services
Retail
Cocktail lounges
Uses which are determined by the
community development director to be of
the same general character
Item 3
Attachment D: Appendix D Zoning
Review and Comparison
Packet Pg. 147
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix D, Page 11
#
ZONING STANDARD/
APPROACH PALO ALTO
SANTA MONICA
LOS ALTOS
Downtown Community Plan
(Bayside Conservation - 3rd Street Promenade)
Mixed-use and Commercial Districts
(Neighborhood Commercial)
9 Conditional/
Limited Uses
Downtown Commercial (CD-C)
Retail-like Services
Commercial Recreation – Over 5,000 sf
General Business Service
Community Commercial (CC, CC(2))
Retail-like Services
Commercial Recreation – Less than 5,000 sf
Medical Offices
Bayside Conservation (BC) - Third Street
Promenade Area
Commercial Uses
Automobile/Vehicle Sales and Service
Automobile Rental L(10)
New Automobile/Vehicle Sales and
Leasing L(8), L(5)
Business Services L(15)
Commercial Entertainment and Recreation
Large-Scale Facility L(21)
Small-Scale Facility L(5)
Eating and Drinking Establishments
Bars/ Nightclubs/ Lounges
Restaurants, Full-Service, Limited
Service & Take-Out (2,500 square feet
and smaller, including Outdoor Dining
and Seating) L(22)
Restaurants, Full-Service, Limited
Service & Take-Out (2,501 -5,000
square feet and smaller, including
Outdoor Dining and Seating) L(22)
Restaurants, Full-Service, Limited
Service & Take-Out (greater than
5,000 sq ft, including Outdoor Dining
and Seating) L(22)
Food and Beverage Sales
Convenience Market
General Market
Instructional Services L(1), L(5)
Live-Work L(1), L(13)
Offices
Business and Professional L(1)
Creative L(1)
Walk-In Clientele L(1)
Personal Services
Physical Training L(17), L(5)
Neighborhood Commercial (NC) – Main St, Pico Blvd,
Montana Ave
Commercial Uses
Eating and Drinking Establishments
Restaurants, Full-Service, Limited Service &
Take-Out (greater than 5,000 square feet,
including Outdoor Dining and Seating)
(10)(11)
Food Hall (up to 175 seats)
Food and Beverage Sales
Convenience Market
Farmers Markets
General Market L(12)
Liquor Stores
Instructional Services L(17)
Live-Work L(14)
Maintenance and Repair Services L(2)
Nurseries and Garden Centers L(17)
Offices
Business and Professional L(21)
Creative L(21)
Medical and Dental L(21)
Walk-In Clientele L(21)
Retail Sales
General Retail Sales, Small-Scale L(2)
Commercial Retail Sales (CRS) – Main St, State St
New building >7,000 sf
Commercial recreation
Day care centers
Hotels
Housing
Medical and dental clinics or offices >5,000 sf
Uses which are determined by the planning
commission to be of the same general
character.
Item 3
Attachment D: Appendix D Zoning
Review and Comparison
Packet Pg. 148
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix D, Page 12
#
ZONING STANDARD/
APPROACH PALO ALTO
SANTA MONICA
LOS ALTOS
Downtown Community Plan
(Bayside Conservation - 3rd Street Promenade)
Mixed-use and Commercial Districts
(Neighborhood Commercial)
10 Major remodeling/
tenant improvement
process, limits
N/A Major Modifications (9.43.030)
For uses permitted by right or by discretionary review.
May be granted relief on no more than 2 of the following.
Setbacks
Build-To Line
Parcel Coverage
Height
Ground Floor (Floor-to-Floor) Height
Landscaping. Up to 10% of the required landscaping
May not be granted for the following.
Parcel area, width, or depth;
Maximum number of stories;
Minimum or maximum number of required parking spaces;
Residential density; or
Maximum floor area ratio (FAR).
N/A
11 Minor change
process,
requirements
Design Enhancement Exception (DEE)
Granted to site development and parking and
loading requirements to enhance the design
of commercial development – subject to
architectural review.
Design enhancement include minor
architectural elements and design features.
Exceptions limited to minor changes to the
setback, daylight plane, height, lot coverage,
parking lot design and landscaping
configuration, and additional flexibility in the
required proportion between private and
common open space.
Minor Modifications (9.43.020)
For uses permitted by right or by discretionary review.
May be granted relief on no more than 2 of the following.
Setbacks
Build-To Line
Parcel Coverage
Height
Transparency
Parking, Loading, and Circulation
Outdoor Living Area
Bicycle Parking
Parcel Lines
May not be granted for the following.
Parcel area, width, or depth;
Maximum number of stories;
Minimum or maximum number of required parking spaces;
Residential density; or
Maximum floor area ratio (FAR).
N/A
Item 3
Attachment D: Appendix D Zoning
Review and Comparison
Packet Pg. 149
PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
City of Palo Alto Appendix D, Page 13
#
ZONING STANDARD/
APPROACH PALO ALTO
SANTA MONICA
LOS ALTOS
Downtown Community Plan
(Bayside Conservation - 3rd Street Promenade)
Mixed-use and Commercial Districts
(Neighborhood Commercial)
12 New signage process,
requirements
Signs (16.20)
Design review required by Architectural
Review Board.
Master sign program for multiple signs as part
of one building project.
Prohibited signs include flashing or moving
signs and roof signs that have not been
grandfathered.
Signs are prohibited on public property.
Specific requirements for fuel price signs,
freestanding signs, wall signs, projecting signs,
and awning signs.
Signs (9.61)
Sign Permit application requirements include:
Site Plan.
Existing Building Elevation.
Proposed Building Elevations.
Sign Illustration.
Sign permit application reviewed by The Secretary of the Architectural Review Board
The Planning and Community Development Director can administratively approve sign permits if
the type of sign is permitted.
Prohibited signs include:
Animated signs
Emitting signs
Miscellaneous signs
Paper, Cloth, or Plastic Streamers and Bunting
Total sign area regulated by District.
Provisions for portable signs and upper-level signs in the Bayside Conservation District (Third Street
Promenade).
Signs on Private Property (Chapter 14.68)
Initial review by Director. Successive reviews:
(1) Staff (2) Architectural and Site Review
Committee and/or Board of Adjustments (3)
Planning Commission (4) City Council
Master Sign Program required for all multiple
tenant sites, nonresidential projects and
buildings
Regulations vary by district.
Sign Permit not required for certain sign face
changes, wayfinding/informational signs
Prohibited signs: animated, upper floors,
emitting, billboards, A-frames (unless
permitted in Downtown Outdoor Display
Permit Guidelines)
Digital signs permitted in windows of stores
in the downtown commercial district under
certain circumstances
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City of Palo Alto Appendix D, Page 14
#
ZONING STANDARD/
APPROACH PALO ALTO
SANTA MONICA
LOS ALTOS
Downtown Community Plan
(Bayside Conservation - 3rd Street Promenade)
Mixed-use and Commercial Districts
(Neighborhood Commercial)
13 Parking strategy -
minimum
requirements?
Parking Regulations for CD Assessment District
(18.52.070)
Minimum Off-Street Parking Requirements
Retail Uses
Intensive - 1 per 200 sf of gross floor area
Extensive - 1 per 350 sf of gross floor area
Open Lot - 1 space for each 500 sf of
sales, display, or storage site area.
Minimum Off-Street Parking Requirements for
Parking Assessment Districts
Retail Uses
Intensive - 1 per 240 sf of gross floor area
Extensive - 1 per 350 sf of gross floor area
Open Lot - 1 space for each 500 sf of
sales, display, or storage site area.
No minimum off-street parking
requirements for all land uses within the
Downtown Community Plan area.
Retail Sales (Maximum parking allowed)
5,000 SF or less = 1 space per 500 SF
5,001 SF or more = 1 space per 300 SF
Parking, Loading, and Circulation (9.28.40)
Projects Outside of One-Half Mile of a Major
Transit Stop (minimum parking required)
Retail, less than 2,500 sq. ft.- 1 space per
300 sq. ft.
Retail, 2,500 – 5,000 sq. ft. - 1 space per
300 sq. ft.
Retail, 5,000 sq. ft. or more - 1 space per
300 sq. ft.
Projects Within One-Half Mile of a Major
Transit Stop: no minimum parking required.
Location of Parking for Mixed- Use and
Nonresidential Districts above ground
restricted to Interior Side and Rear Setbacks
and Rooftops except in Neighborhood
Commercial Districts.
Provisions for required setbacks, openings, and
parking podium heights for subterranean and
semi-subterranean parking structures.
All off-street parking spaces associated with
new nonresidential projects in the
Neighborhood Commercial District require
unbundled parking.
Off-Street Parking and Loading (Chapter 14.74)
Regulations vary for commercial vs.
residential uses in districts which allow
mixed-use
Public Parking District: allows participating
properties not to require parking for new or
changed uses for the first 1.0 of floor area
ratio. Parking required if square footage
exceeds lot area.
If not subject to Public Parking District
regulations the following ratios apply:
Office: 1/300
Commercial
▪ Intensive: 1/200
▪ Extensive: 1/500
Bars, cafes, nightclubs, restaurants: 1 per
3 employees and 1 per 3 seats
Assembly/recreation uses: varies
Residential (in mixed-se commercial
district): 1-2 depending on size, and 1
visitor per 4 units
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#
ZONING STANDARD/
APPROACH PALO ALTO
SANTA MONICA
LOS ALTOS
Downtown Community Plan
(Bayside Conservation - 3rd Street Promenade)
Mixed-use and Commercial Districts
(Neighborhood Commercial)
14 Improvement
Districts
(BID/Promotion/
Economic
Development
Programs/
Departments)
Palo Alto Downtown Business Improvement
District
Downtown Santa Monica, Inc.
Bayside and Downtown Mall Operations & Maintenance District
Central Business District - Business Promotion Assessment
Colorado Avenue Property Based Assessment District PBAD Overlay Zone
Downtown Santa Monica Property-Based Assessment District (PBAD)
Lincoln Boulevard Property-Based Assessment District
Main Street
Main Street Business Assessment
Main Street Light and Sidewalk Cleaning Assessment Area
Montana Avenue
Montana Avenue Assessment
Pico Boulevard
Pico Boulevard Assessment
Santa Monica Alliance
The Santa Monica Alliance is a collaborative effort of the City of Santa Monica and the Santa Monica
Chamber of Commerce dedicated to nurturing a vibrant, healthy, and profitable business climate in Santa
Monica working to attract, retain, and to help grow Santa Monica businesses.
Improvement district mechanism in place for
neighborhoods, however this seems to have
limited applications.
Downtown BID feasibility study considered in
2018, but not ultimately funded.
15 Housing - allowed?
Min. max.;
encouraged?
Residential not allowed in Ground Floor (GF)
or Retail (R) Combining districts.
100% affordable housing projects are exempt
from the Retail Preservation Ordinance, but
can’t be within the Ground Floor (GF) and/or
Retail (R) combining districts or on a site
abutting El Camino Real.
Residential limited to upper floors on Third
Street Promenade.
If development is approved above the
base FAR and height, it must be
accompanied by a range of community
benefits from 4 priority categories:
Affordable Housing, Trip Reduction and
Traffic Management, Community Physical
Improvements, and Social and Cultural
Facilities.
Residential limited to upper floors for parcels
located on Main Street, Montana Avenue, Pico
Boulevard, and Ocean Park Boulevard.
Permitted on all floors for all other parcels.
Varies by district:
CD/R3: Permitted use
CN and CT: Mixed-use residential
conditionally permitted
CD, CRS, CRS/OAD: Residential above ground
floor conditionally permitted
Not permitted in LC/SPZ
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#
ZONING STANDARD/
APPROACH PALO ALTO
SANTA MONICA
LOS ALTOS
Downtown Community Plan
(Bayside Conservation - 3rd Street Promenade)
Mixed-use and Commercial Districts
(Neighborhood Commercial)
16 Formula (i.e.
Franchise) retail
regulations
Conditional use permit required for formula retail
business in a R-Combining district - five required
additional findings.
Formula retail business - one of ten (10) or more
business locations in the United States.
Regulations in place before the pandemic.
Restaurant, Limited-Service, and Take-Out
establishments with frontage on the Third Street
Promenade are prohibited if:
More than 150 locations nationwide; and
Restaurants where orders are placed at a
walk-up window, counter, or machine;
payment prior to food consumption; and
food served with disposable, one-time, or
limited-use wrapping, containers, or
utensils.
Regulation in place for 5 years and can be
updated or continued after that by council
approval.
N/A No limit on chain stores in our downtown area. The
City doesn’t have chain stores in the downtown
currently. They would like to attract some through
new redevelopment projects in downtown to help
facilitate some bigger companies and retailers to
come to town which will in turn support the other
businesses.
Neighborhood Commercial NC
(2) Limitation shall only apply to new construction and alterations to existing buildings that result in a combination or enlargement of tenant spaces: Limited to facilities with no more than 7,500 square feet of floor area and/or 40 linear feet of ground floor street
frontage; greater area and/or width requires approval of a Conditional Use Permit.
(10) Limited to restaurants with 50 or fewer seats.
(11) Limited to 2 restaurants greater than 5,000 square feet per block along Main Street. A block is defined as both sides of Main Street and the adjacent sides of adjoining side streets. Portions of Main Street to be designated a “block” for the purpose of this Section
are as follows:
• Block 1: South City limits to Marine Street.
• Block 2: Marine Street to Pier Avenue.
• Block 3: Pier Avenue to Ashland Avenue.
• Block 4: Ashland Avenue to Hill.
• Block 5: Hill to Ocean Park Boulevard.
• Block 6: Ocean Park Boulevard to Hollister Avenue (total of 4 restaurants and bars permitted in this block). Block 7: Hollister Avenue to Strand.
• Block 8: Strand to Pacific.
• Block 9: Pacific to Bicknell.
• Block 10: Bicknell to Bay.
• Block 11: Bay to Pico Boulevard.
(12) General markets greater than 15,000 square feet require a Conditional Use Permit. In the Neighborhood Commercial District, establishments shall not exceed 25,000 square feet of floor area.
(14) If the commercial use requires a MUP or CUP, an application shall be required in accordance with Chapter 9.41. Even if the commercial use would otherwise be permitted, no such use shall be approved where, given the design or proposed design of the live-work
unit, there would be the potential for adverse health impacts from the proposed use on the people residing in the unit. An example of a potential health impact is the potential for food contamination from uses that generate airborne particulates in a unit with an
unenclosed kitchen.
(17) Limitation shall only apply to new construction and alterations to existing buildings that result in a combination or enlargement of tenant spaces: No individual tenant space in the NC District shall occupy more than 7,500 square feet of floor area and/or exceed
50 linear feet of ground floor street frontage without the approval of a Conditional Use Permit.
(21) Permitted if within buildings existing as of July 24, 2015, subject to the active use requirement set forth in Section 9.11.030(A)(1), except:
• All new construction, including new additions of 50% or more additional square footage to an existing building at any one time, or incrementally, after the effective date of this Ordinance, requires approval of a Conditional Use Permit.
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• In the NC District, ground floor, street-fronting, tenant space occupied by non-media production, support facility uses shall not be changed to an individual office use or media production, support facility use occupying more than
12,500 square feet of floor area and/or exceeding 75 linear feet of street frontage without the approval of a Conditional Use Permit.
• In the NC District, no non-medical or non-dental office use tenant space shall be changed to an individual medical or dental office use anywhere in an existing building occupying more than 7,500 square feet of floor area and/or
exceeding 50 linear feet of ground floor street frontage without the approval of a Conditional Use Permit.
• In the MUBL, MUB, and GC Districts, no non-medical or non-dental office use tenant space shall be changed to an individual medical or dental office use anywhere in an existing building occupying more than 12,500 square feet of
floor area and/or exceeding 75 linear feet of ground floor street frontage without approval of a Conditional Use Permit.
Bayside Conservation (BC) Third Street Promenade Area
(1) Limited to upper floors, and on the ground floor where the entire tenant space shall be located at least 25 feet from the front property line, except for residential units shall be limited to upper floors only.
(5) Permitted if within buildings existing as of the date this Ordinance effective. Permitted in new buildings, except:
(a) No individual ground floor tenant space shall occupy more than 7,500 square feet of floor area and/or exceed 50 linear feet of ground floor street frontage without a Conditional Use Permit.
(b) Ground floor tenant spaces in the Santa Monica Place are not subject to size limitations.
(10) Permitted as an ancillary use to support a primary use.
(13) If the commercial use requires a MUP or CUP, an application shall be required in accordance with SMMC, Chapter 9.41. Even if the commercial use would otherwise be permitted, no such use shall be approved where, given the design or
proposed design of the live-work unit, there would be the potential for adverse health impacts from the proposed use on the people residing in the unit. An example of a potential health impact is the potential for food contamination from
users that generate airborne particulates in a unit with an unenclosed kitchen.
(15) Limited to the ground floor with frontage along 2nd Court and 3rd Court alleys or to upper floors.
(21) No individual Fitness Center tenant space shall exceed 100 linear feet of ground floor street frontage without the approval of a Conditional Use Permit.
(22) Restaurant, Limited-Service and Take-Out establishments with frontage on the Third Street Promenade and the following characteristics shall be prohibited:
(a) More than 150 locations nationwide at the time that the application for the establishment is deemed complete by the City; and
(b) Characteristics, including, but not limited to, orders placed at a walk-up window, counter, or machine; payment prior to food consumption; and food served with disposable, one-time, or limited-use wrapping, containers, or utensils.
Palo Alto Retail – Zoning Comparison with Santa Monica Summary/Key Takeaways
1. Level of regulation – Zone Districts
a. Santa Monica’s primary retail/commercial areas are Downtown (Third Street Promenade), Main Street, Pico Boulevard, Ocean Park Boulevard, and Montana Ave.
b. The Downtown Community Plan provides development standards as well as design guidelines for new development projects.
c. Zone districts are very prescriptive but clear in intent and procedure.
2. Overlay Districts
a. Santa Monica has two primary overlay districts but aren’t applicable in the established retail/commercial corridors.
3. Ground floor use regulations
a. Santa Monica allows for a variety of uses other than retail on the Third Street Promenade, however there are specific limitations per use.
b. Santa Monica also provides active ground floor use and design provisions for the Mixed Use and Commercial Districts.
4. Change of Use/Intensification process
a. Santa Monica doesn’t prohibit change of use from retail.
5. Retail definition
a. Santa Monica defines Retail Sales as any establishment that allows the retail sale or rental of merchandise.
6. Approval Processes
a. Santa Monica has administrative review and development review (discretionary) and provides the option for variances and waivers from development standards.
7. Approving Authority
a. All Planning related permits are approved by either the Planning and Community Development Director or the Planning Commission, the Director has approval authority in Palo Alto unless appealed in which case the final approval
is from City Council in Palo Alto.
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8. Permit Process
a. New construction (permitted uses and CUP uses)
i. Santa Monica allows by right and conditionally allows a variety of uses in their Downtown and Mixed Use and Commercial Districts.
b. Major remodeling/tenant improvement and Minor changes
i. Santa Monica allows for relief on up to two development standards.
c. New signage
i. Santa Monica’s sign standards are very prescriptive.
9. Parking strategy
a. Santa Monica has parking maximums for Downtown and minimum parking requirements for projects outside of one-half mile of a major transit stop.
10. BID/Promotion/Economic Development Programs / Departments
a. Santa Monica has property based assessment districts for all of their commercial/retail corridors.
11. Housing
a. Residential is limited to upper floors along the Third Street Promenade and along the primary retail corridors.
12. Formula retail regulations
a. Restaurants with 150 locations are prohibited on the Third Street Promenade.
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Review and Comparison
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PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
Acknowledgements
City Council Members Commissioner Keith Reckdahl Thoits Bros., Inc. – John Shenk
Mayor Greer Stone
Vice Mayor Ed Lauing
Chamber of Commerce – Charlie Weidanz
Performance Gaines – Chris Gaines
Italico – Franco Campilongo
Ad Hoc Committee MembersCommissioner Allen Akin
Commissioner Bryna Chang
Commissioner Keith Reckdahl
Council Member Greg Tanaka
Council Member Julie Lythcott-Haims
Council Member Lydia Kou
Council Member Patrick Burt
Council Member Vicki Veenker
Taste Buds Kitchen – Scott Andersen
Peer City IntervieweesCity Staff City of Santa Monica: Jennifer Taylor- Economic Development Manager
City of Santa Monica: Roxanne Tanemori- Principal Planner
City of Los Altos: Nick Zornes- Development Services Director
City of Redwood City: Evelyn Garcia- Associate Planner
Jonathan Lait- Planning and Development Services Director
Amy French- Chief Planning Official
Bruce FukujiPlanning and Transportation Commission
Chair Doria Summa
Commissioner Allen Akin
Commissioner Bart Hechtman.
Commissioner Bryna Chang
Commissioner Carolyn Templeton
Commissioner George Lu
Steven Guagliardo- Assistant to the City Manager – Economic Development
Consultants
Michael Baker InternationalStakeholders
Premier Property Management – Jon Goldman, Brad Ehikia
Ellis Partners – Jim Ellis Cover Image Credit: Palo Alto online
Table of Contents
Executive Summary.................................................................................. 1
Introduction ............................................................................................ 2
Approval Process ........................................................................................14
AB 2097 Implications and Recommendations ..........................................15
Zoning Analysis and Recommendations...................................................18
Market Profile.......................................................................................... 7
Demographic Profile .................................................................................... 7
Purpose ........................................................................................................ 2
Relationship to Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy ............. 2 Top Tier.................................................................................................... 7
Urban Chic ............................................................................................... 7
Laptops and Lattes .................................................................................. 7
Zoning Review and Comparison.................................................................18
Zoning Recommendations..........................................................................18Guiding Principle 3 ................................................................................... 2
Strategy 9................................................................................................. 2
Action Items ............................................................................................. 2 Leakage and Surplus .................................................................................... 8
Leakage (Demand)................................................................................... 8
Surplus (Supply) ....................................................................................... 8
Stanford Shopping Center........................................................................ 8
List of AppendicesStudy Area............................................................................................... 3
Downtown/University Avenue..................................................................... 3
California Avenue......................................................................................... 3
Midtown....................................................................................................... 3
El Camino Real.............................................................................................. 3
Appendix A: Outreach Summary
Appendix B: Market Study
Appendix C: Implications of AB 2097
Appendix D: Zoning Review and Comparison
Summary...................................................................................................... 8
Vacancy Trends and Findings .................................................................... 9
Outreach ................................................................................................. 4
Stakeholders............................................................................................ 4
Peer Cities ............................................................................................... 4
Retail Space Trends and Findings ................................................................ 9
National Trends ....................................................................................... 9
Palo Alto Findings .................................................................................. 10
Comparison with Peer Cities.................................................................. 11City of Santa Monica .................................................................................... 4
City of Los Altos............................................................................................ 4
Redwood City ............................................................................................... 5
Office Space Trends and Findings.............................................................. 12
National Trends ..................................................................................... 12
Palo Alto Findings .................................................................................. 12
Comparison with Peer Cities.................................................................. 13
Changing Nature of Retail ........................................................................ 6
Rise of E-Commerce..................................................................................... 6
Palo Alto Specific Trend............................................................................ 6
Experience-based Retail............................................................................... 6
Best Practices......................................................................................... 14
Land Use and Zoning Ordinance................................................................ 14
Parking and Curb Management................................................................. 14
City of Palo Alto i
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Executive Summary
The City of Palo Alto seeks to retain, attract, and reinvigorate existing
commercial areas, particularly areas that provide retail services. The
purpose of this study is to recommend zoning strategies to help retain,
strengthen, and facilitate retail in the key commercial areas of Palo Alto.
This study complements and furthers the Comprehensive Economic
Development Strategy adopted by the City Council in August 2023.
There was a remarkably strong consensus among the stakeholders with
respect to the opinions about the problems and recommended
improvements. The zoning analysis revealed an extremely complex,
complicated, confusing, and difficult to comprehend and navigate set of
regulations, which poses significant challenges for staff, property owners,
and prospective businesses, alike. The code contains many overlapping,
redundant, and narrowly targeted provisions. Altogether, it creates a
negative, overly protective, and business-adverse regulatory environment.
The good news is that there are many opportunities to make improvements
that will reduce and eliminate deterrents and unreasonable constraints on
existing and future investments in retail uses in Palo Alto.
to provide the foundational analysis, policy, and strategic recommendations
to authorize and enable the development and adoption of future specific
zoning amendments.
This study contains approximately 20 recommendations organized around
the following 7 primary strategies:
1. Conduct a Comprehensive Zoning Cleanup of Mature, Complex
CodeThis study includes:
Several immersive reviews of the Palo Alto Zoning Code 2. Create Streamlined and Predictable Approval Processes
3. Limit the Retail Preservation Ordinance (RPO) (18.40.180)
4. Allow Non-retail Uses on Ground Floor with Limitations
5. Repeal the Office Conversion and Construction Limitations
6. Relax the Formula Retail Restrictions
Several rounds of stakeholder interviews, including business and
property owners, and property managers, peer city staff
Reviews and summaries of best retail revitalization practices The recommendations of this study reflect the overall consensus on the
following general principles:A review and summary of national and local retail and office market
trends 1. It is better to have occupied spaces, patrons, customers, and
services for the community than the deleterious effects of vacant
ground-floor spaces.
7. Ease the Parking Regulations
Market and demographic profile of Palo Alto Implementation of these recommendations will take time. Some may be
able to be implemented quickly, while others will require considerably more
time. It is important that the City take swift action to execute actions as soon
as possible. The recommended zoning strategies in this study provide a
coordinated framework to identify and implement individual and
coordinated sets of revisions in phases.
Review of past City planning efforts and correspondence, including
the recent Streetsense Comprehensive Economic Development
Strategy study and the Car-Free California Avenue Engagement
Reports
2. It is extremely difficult, if not impossible, and often
counterproductive to try to outsmart or manipulate the free
market.
Multiple meetings and workshops with the Planning and
Transportation Commission
This study recommends a variety of modifications to the Zoning Code to
eliminate or reduce regulatory constraints, conflicts, and outdated zoning
strategies that deter, discourage, or overcomplicate the attraction,
retention, and adaptation of retail business in Palo Alto.Multiple meetings and reviews with Palo Alto Planning and Economic
Development department staff
The trend analyses show significant and persistent vacancies in Palo Alto in
both office and retail spaces. Some of the vacancy trends are consistent with
larger regional and national trends, particularly the impacts of the COVID-
19 pandemic. However, some of the local trends and patterns appear to be
unique to Palo Alto.
The recommendations include strategies for future specific zoning
amendments. This study provides the background conditions,
understanding, best practices, community and stakeholder engagement,
and policy discussions and regulatory implications that led to the
development of the recommended zoning strategies. This study is intended
City of Palo Alto 1
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Introduction
Purpose
Action ItemsLike many retail districts throughout the United States, the City of Palo
Alto is struggling with high rental and vacancy rates in addition to
challenges elicited by the COVID-19 pandemic and emerging retail
trends. The City requested evaluation of its land use controls relative to
the evolving economic and market conditions for the City's major retail
areas and corridors. Regulatory and procedural complexities play a
significant role in the retail challenges for the City. The main focus of this
report is to analyze, understand, and recommend changes to these land
use controls and, to a lesser extent, discuss procedural hindrances.
strategies identified in the Comprehensive Economic Development
Strategy aim to reflect the delicate ecosystem that drives the vibrancy
of the City’s downtown and commercial centers with a focus on the
retail and hospitality sectors significantly affected by the COVID-19
pandemic and resulting hybrid work environment. Three guiding
principles emerged from this study.
Action 9.1 Consider removing or consolidating zoning overlays,
incorporating an at a glance permitted use table and design
standards, and an interactive online map with quick links to
relevant regulations.
Action 9.2 Consider amending Section 18.76.20, Architectural
Review, of the municipal code to enable more over the counter
approvals for minor changes.Each guiding principle has recommended strategies accompanied by
one or more distinct actions. Guiding Principle 3, Strategy 9, and action
items 9.1 – 9.4 of the Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy
report are directly relevant to the purposes of this study and noted
below.
Action 9.3 Reevaluate the city-wide Retail Preservation
Ordinance and consider refocusing its applicability to targeted
areas of existing retail concentration while also allowing
flexibility in non-street facing portions of buildings.
The report also reviews national and regional trends as well as best
practices. In addition, local business owners, City staff, and neighboring
communities were interviewed to understand the local trends and
climate. Appendix A includes the outreach summary and lists the
individuals and businesses/agencies that were interviewed.
Guiding Principle 3
Action 9.4 Enable growth in Neighborhood Goods and Services
along California Avenue by updating the Formula Retail
Ordinance and easing use restrictions on in demand
neighborhood serving uses that are currently heavily regulated
or prohibited.
Adopt policies that reflect changing market conditions by easing the
regulatory burden for businesses, removing outdating restrictions that
create hurdles to tenancy, and focus retail and retail like uses in places
where they are market-supported.
Relationship to Comprehensive Economic
Development Strategy
Strategy 9This study complements and furthers the Comprehensive Economic
Development Strategy adopted by the City Council in August 2023. The Streamline, update and/or remove unnecessary use restrictions and
pursue regulatory reform to enable tenancy and competitiveness.
City of Palo Alto 2
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Study Area
Four major retail areas and corridors were identified and analyzed to
understand the current retail trends and land use conditions across the retail
landscape of Palo Alto. The areas that were reviewed are Downtown Palo
Alto/University Avenue, California Avenue, Midtown, and El Camino Real.
These areas are depicted in Figure 1.
multifamily housing, auto dealerships, veterinary services, gas stations, banks,
fitness centers, public parks, and retail services.
Figure 1 Palo Alto Retail Study Area
Downtown/University Avenue
Downtown Palo Alto, defined by the boundaries of Alma Street, Lytton
Avenue, Hamilton Avenue, and Webster Street, is a mixed-use commercial
district consisting of a variety of service industry land uses, including hotel,
eating and drinking services, retail services, laundry services, theaters, beauty
salons, public parks, places of worship, fitness studios, single- and multifamily
housing, office, and parking.
California Avenue
California Avenue from El Camino Real to the California Avenue Train Station
is a four-block-long commercial corridor consisting of a large mix of
commercial and retail uses, including eating, and drinking services, banks,
optometrists, offices, retail, health and wellness services, fitness studios,
beauty salons, post office, hotel, and parking structures. The City Council
authorized California Avenue as a temporary car-free street early in the
COVID-19 pandemic as an economic recovery effort and to provide
community members with outdoor spaces to gather. In December 2023, City
Council determined California Avenue will permanently remain a car-free
street.
Midtown
The Midtown retail district is located along Middlefield Road between Sutter
Avenue and Moreno Avenue. Midtown is a traditional American horizontal
mixed-use retail complex comprising multiple buildings accessed largely by
vehicle trips intended to attract patrons from outside the immediate area.
Land uses include eating and drinking services, offices, civic/institutional,
barber shops, fitness studios, retail services, beauty salons, dance, and music
studios, and learning centers.
El Camino Real
El Camino Real is a 4-mile-long commercial highway corridor that runs the
entire length of Palo Alto from Sand Hill Road to Los Altos Road. The corridor
is a major thoroughfare supported by auto-oriented uses and large retail
complexes, including hotels, banks, medical and dental services, eating and
drinking services, learning centers, car rental shops, beauty salons,
City of Palo Alto 3
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City of Santa Monica City of Los AltosOutreach
The City passed an extensive list of emergency orders during the pandemic.
These included both planning and building/safety emergency orders, many
of which have been formally adopted or extended. The following are key
policy and zoning changes identified in the interview with City staff.
The following are key policy and zoning regulations and permitting
procedures identified in the interview with City staff.Outreach efforts included interviews with six stakeholders and three peer
cities. The outreach efforts are summarized in Appendix A of this document.
Los Altos has an active Chamber of Commerce that supports and
works with businesses. Using a Downtown Vacancy matrix, the
Chamber of Commerce tracks vacancies, allowed uses, and building
floor area/square footage.
Stakeholders
Changes in zoning included allowing a wider variety of uses by right
in areas that were historically more restrictive, such as pop-ups and
creative commercial uses.
Six stakeholders—landowners, businesses, and the Chamber of
Commerce—were interviewed in order to understand the restrictions or
hindrances to development; they then provided recommendations to
mitigate them. There was a strong consensus on many issues among all of
the stakeholders. Below are the main takeaways from these interviews.
The City’s streamlined permit processing via online submittals take
days, not months.The City eliminated the need for conditional use permits (CUP),
minor use permits, and other discretionary approvals for several
uses.
The City made alcohol sales an ancillary use allowed by right.
The City does not typically use CUPs; uses are either allowed or
prohibited.
Provide flexibility in the reuse of ground-floor space.
Rescind ground-floor Retail Protection Ordinance.
The City staff stressed the importance of City staff being a known,
visible, and trusted figure in the community.Figure 3 Los Altos - Downtown Triangle - Commercial Retail Sales (CRS)Figure 2 Third Street Promenade - Bayside Conservation District (BC)Remove ground-floor retail restrictions on side streets and blocks
away from the main commercial corridor.
Expand the definition of “retail-like use” to include uses that
generate pedestrian activity.
Remove restrictions on formula retail.
Make permitting process simple, quick, and predictable.
Reduce in-lieu parking fee to allow new development or
intensification.
Allow transfer between uses without requiring parking.
Peer Cities
To gain a broader understanding of Palo Alto's regulatory provisions and
procedures and inform the recommendations, three communities were
interviewed to identify gaps and differences in approaches to retail
development as well as to review the zone districts most similar to Palo Alto.
The jurisdictions were identified during the Planning and Transportation
Commission and stakeholder interviews as having flexible zoning codes,
efficient permit procedures and processing, and similar or desired retail
districts. These were the following:
City of Santa Monica (focus was on Third Street Promenade – Bayside
Conservation District)
City of Los Altos (focus was on Downtown Triangle – CRS Zone)
City of Redwood City (focus was on Downtown area)
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Redwood City Figure 4 Redwood City Zoning Map
The following are key policy and zoning regulations and permitting
procedures identified in the interview with City staff.
Any changes to use in the downtown area, including retail, can be
done by right.
The City provides a floor area ratio increase if the applicant provides
housing or mixed uses in their development project.
The City has several vacancies in the downtown and they are trying
to attract other active uses, not just retail.
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Changing Nature of Retail
Rise of E-Commerce Experience-based Retail
Retail has changed significantly over the last decade with the evolution of
online retailer platforms and flexible mixed-use spaces. The pandemic has
exacerbated this evolution, increasing the quantity of purchasing of goods
and services via a myriad of avenues, especially via e-commerce. This trend
is less of an anomaly and more of a paradigm shift in retail. As consumers
diversify the ways they purchase goods and services, the role of brick-and-
mortar establishments and traditional retail districts are transitioning.
While there are always consumers who prefer e-commerce, many
businesses remain important physical anchors in retail districts, such as
grocery stores, eating and drinking establishments, personal services,
exercise studios, medical services, and theaters.
The growth rate of e-commerce is significantly higher compared to the
growth rate of total retail sales in the US, indicating a strong preference for
online shopping versus brick-and-mortar stores. The US e-commerce grew
7.6 percent in 2023 and total sales grew 3.8 percent. This trend is projected
to continue and create competition for and innovation in local retail and
commercial spaces.
Experiential retail aims to provide customers with unique and memorable
experiences beyond traditional shopping. The desire for retail experiences
is on the rise with millennials saying that 52 percent of their spending goes
on experience-related purchases.2 “Retailtainment” is a subset of
experiential retail that elevates the customer experience through
entertainment by offering immersive retail experiences, where brands are
able to provide customers with fun, unique, and in-person experiences that
elevate shopping to new heights. Key features of experiential retail include:Palo Alto Specific Trend
While specific statistics on the share of e-commerce in Palo Alto may not be
readily available, it is important to recognize that national trends
significantly influence local communities. Palo Alto, like many other cities,
experiences the effects of broader economic shifts. The Comprehensive
Economic Development Strategy, done by Streetsense and adopted by the
Council in 2023, indicated that there is an oversupply of 460,000 square feet
of retail space in the City. While the shift to e-commerce is one of the
factors, the study also indicates that hybrid work has reduced the demand
for retail in Palo Alto by over 100,000 square feet.
Unique Spaces and Objects: Retail spaces that stand out, interesting
displays, and creative use of physical environments.
High Customer Engagement: Interactivity, personalization, and
emotional connections.E-commerce has and continues to grow as a percentage of total retail sales.
It grew from 8 percent to 19.1 percent of total retail sales from 2012 to
2021. The growth was significant during the pandemic. In 2022, US e-
commerce represented 21.2 percent penetration total retail sales and that
in 2023 was 22.0%, according to Digital Commerce 360 analysis of
US Department of Commerce data.1
Technology Integration: Leveraging tech to enhance customer
interactions.
According to a recent report from Forrester and Adobe, brands defined as
“experience-driven” are seeing an average growth rate of 19 percent per
year, compared to 13 percent for other types of retailers. That study also
found that retailers utilizing experiential tactics are driving repeat purchases
at rates nearly twice those of traditional retail.3
Figure 5: US E-commerce Sales as a Percentage of Total Sales
Source: Digital Commerce 360
1 Digital 360, US ecommerce sales penetration hits new high in 2023, accessed April 18, 2024,
https://www.digitalcommerce360.com/article/us-ecommerce-sales/.
2 Washington Post, “Shoppers are choosing experiences over stuff, and that’s bad news for retailers,”
accessed April 18, 2024, https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/shoppers-are-choosing-experiences-over-stuff-and-thats-bad-news-for-retailers/2016/01/07/eaa80b5a-b4a7-11e5-
a76a-0b5145e8679a_story.html.
3 Experiential Retail: What You Need to Know in 2020, accessed April 18, 2024,
https://www.commercialsearch.com/news/experiential-retail-what-you-need-to-know-in-2020/.
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Market Profile
Market research was conducted to understand the area's demographics and
office and retail market conditions, as well as retail demand and supply. ESRI
Business Analyst- demographic mapping software tool and CoStar- a real
estate information tool, were used for this research; the information was
supplemented by City staff and stakeholder interviews. The data used to
summarize the market study can be found in Appendix B
Top Tier
These are the residents of the wealthiest Tapestry market and earn more
than three times the median US household income. They have the
purchasing power to indulge in any choice. Aside from the obvious expense
for the upkeep of their homes, consumers select upscale salons, spas, and
fitness centers for their personal well-being and shop at high-end retailers
for their personal effects. They take lavish vacations and fill their weekends
and evenings with opera, classical music concerts, charity dinners, and
shopping. They mostly shop at high-end retailers such as Nordstrom, but
also at other meddle-end stores such as Target, Kohl's, Macy's, and Bed Bath
& Beyond. They also shop online.
This section is divided into three sections:
Demographic Profile: An understanding of demographics, their
purchasing power, and the products they consume helps businesses
located in the area to cater to these groups and, in turn, increase their
chances of success.Source: ESRIUrban ChicLeakage and Surplus: An analysis of leakage and surplus provides a
snapshot of the type of retail that is missing in the area. This
information, along with the demographic makeup of the areas, helps
business owners target the retail stores that will cater to the
population in the area.
Urban Chic residents are professionals that live a sophisticated, exclusive
lifestyle. Half of all households are occupied by married-couple families, and
about 30% are singles. These are busy, well-connected, and well-educated
consumers—avid readers and moviegoers, environmentally active, and
financially stable. This market is a bit older, with a median age of 43 years,
and growing slowly but steadily. They shop at stores such as Trader Joe's,
Costco, or Whole Foods. They like to eat organic foods, drink imported wine,
Summary: This section summarizes key observations and findings from
the market profile.
Demographic Profile and truly appreciate a good cup of coffee. They travel extensively
(domestically and internationally) and shop at upscale establishments. They
embrace city life by visiting museums, art galleries, and movie theaters for
a night out. In their downtime, they enjoy activities such as skiing, yoga,
hiking, and tennis.
ESRI provides a system of market segmentation built by using a large, well-
selected array of attributes of demographic and socioeconomic variables to
identify numerous unique consumer markets throughout the United States.
This system is called Tapestry Segmentation. The data can provide insight
on essential consumer variables, such as age, education level, the likeliness
of car or home ownership, a consumer's willingness to buy or purchase
certain products, and their overall economic purchasing power. This is an
important aspect of market research and helps create an understanding of
the types of land uses that will best serve the neighboring population in a
10-minute drive time.
Source: ESRI
Laptops and Lattes
These residents are predominantly single, well-educated professionals in
business, finance, legal, computer, and entertainment occupations. They
are affluent and partial to city living—and its amenities. Many residents
walk, bike, or use public transportation to get to work, a number work from
home. Laptops and Lattes residents are cosmopolitan and connected—
technologically savvy consumers. They are active and health conscious and
care about the environment. They spend money on nice clothes, dining out,
travel, treatments at day spas, and lattes at Starbucks. Physical fitness is a
priority, exercising at a club or other facility on a regular basis. They enjoy
sports such as jogging/running, biking, tennis, soccer, skiing, yoga, and
Pilates, as well as participating in fantasy sports leagues. They favor organic
food and purchasing groceries at higher-end markets.
More than 70 percent of the population living in the 10-minute drive time
of the commercial areas in Palo Alto falls in one of these three tapestry
segments:
Source: ESRI
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Leakage and Surplus
ESRI's Retail MarketPlace database includes a leakage/surplus factor that
measures the balance between the volume of retail sales (supply) generated
by retail businesses and the volume of retail potential (demand) produced
by household spending on retail goods within the same industry. Analysis of
the data has led to the following results for supply and demand within a 10-
minute driving time of California Avenue and University Avenue (Trade
area).
restrictions, or City approval. All of this results in key advantages and
competition for Downtown and California Avenue.
Summary
There seem to be several gaps in the market based on the leakage/surplus
reports. These include personal services and grocery stores. At the same
time, the demographics of the area seem to use upscale salons, spas, and
fitness centers for their personal well-being and shop for groceries at Trader
Joe's, Whole Foods, and other organic stores. Hence, such retail and retail-
like uses, if provided in the area, have chances of success, and can help
lower vacancies indicated in the findings section. Based on such findings,
there are opportunities for possible code and regulatory changes to help
capture the market.
Leakage (Demand)
Leakage in an area represents a condition where demand exceeds supply.
In other words, retailers outside the market area are fulfilling the demand
for retail products; therefore, demand is “leaking” out of the trade area.
Such a condition highlights an opportunity for new retailers to enter the
trade area or for existing retailers to extend their marketing outreach to
accommodate the excess demand.
Trade area leakage includes- Auto parts, motor vehicle dealers, auto
accessories, building materials, lawn and garden equipment, other general
merchandise stores, florists, vending machine operators, direct selling
establishments, special food services, drinking places, used merchandise
stores, office supplies, stationery, and gift stores, gasoline stations, health
and personal care stores, specialty food stores, and grocery stores.
Surplus (Supply)
Surplus in an area represents a condition where supply exceeds the area’s
demand. Retailers are attracting shoppers that reside outside the trade
area. The “surplus” is in market supply. Brand positioning and product mix
are key differentiators in these types of markets.
Trade area surplus includes- Shoe stores, book, periodical, and music stores,
furniture stores, department stores, home furnishings stores, electronics
and appliance stores, jewelry, luggage, and leather goods store.
Stanford Shopping Center
It should be noted that the commercial areas along California Avenue and
University Avenue receive direct competition from the Stanford Shopping
Center due to being in its close vicinity. The Stanford Shopping Center is
successful and attracts clientele from the region. The retail areas in the City
can learn from the success of the professionally managed shopping center,
which does not have the same zoning constraints. The mall emphasizes
continuous pedestrian activation and comfort, and more non-exclusive
retail on the ground floor, such as spas, personal services, restaurants, and
food and convenience. It should also be considered that parking is set, and
tenants can change usage without triggering parking fees, construction,
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Vacancy Trends and Findings
Retail Space Trends and Findings
National Trends
Figure 6: US Retail Vacancy Trend
According to a CoStar report, “The US retail market has demonstrated
remarkable resilience over the past three years, culminating in historically
tight availability at the end of 2023 with the national average vacancy rate
hitting a new low of just 4.0 percent. Current demand and supply-side
factors are likely to persist regardless of economic conditions. On the
demand front, the retail sector has benefited significantly from a marked
decrease in bankruptcies and large-scale store closures over the past three
years, resulting in a 20 percent reduction in the amount of retail space
vacated compared to pre-pandemic norms.
With retail tenants no longer moving out of spaces at the same robust clip
seen in 2017 through 2020 and demand supported by a historic surge in
consumer spending, the amount of available retail space tightened quickly
as less and less backfill space became available. Supply-side factors equally
drove the rapid contraction in vacancy, as very little new retail development
coupled with an active pace of demolitions resulted in the lowest levels of
net retail space deliveries seen in decades.” 4
This trend appears likely to remain in place for the foreseeable future based
on the current range of outcomes. In only the two most adverse scenarios,
the Depression and Severe Downside alternatives, does retail vacancy
increase above 5 percent.
The boost in consumption coming out of the pandemic, retail sales,
excluding e-commerce, stand 10 percent higher than pre-pandemic levels,
even after accounting for inflation. This increased sales potential suggests
closures will likely be limited to a select few underperforming stores and
those stemming from bankruptcies.Source: CoStar
4 CoStar reports, “Retail Supply and Demand Likely To Remain in Balance for Foreseeable Future,”
accessed April 18, 2024, https://www.costar.com/article/523238330/retail-supply-and-demand-likely-to-remain-in-balance-for-foreseeable-future.
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Palo Alto Findings
An evaluation of recent changes in vacancy rates over the last year
(2023-2024) shows improvement in the California Avenue area and
Midtown areas.5
All areas except Midtown show an increase in period of months
vacant since the pandemic with some retail spaces being vacant for
20 to 30 months in the Downtown and California Avenue areas.Data derived from CoStar illustrates retail vacancy trends in Palo Alto.
Detailed ten-year trend tables and graphs for study areas in Palo Alto as well
as peer cities are documented in Appendix B. Below are key observations
and findings from the CoStar data.
Vacancy rates vary considerably quarterly, particularly in smaller
market areas where one vacancy represents a significant percentage
of the total.
Retail space vacancy in the Town and County area has increased
dramatically since the COVID-19 pandemic from an average of 4.5
months in 2019 and 2020 to over 40 months in Q1 of 2024.Retail and office vacancy rates have increased significantly in each of
Palo Alto's retail districts in the last decade, specifically in the
Downtown, California Avenue, and El Camino Real-Town and
Country area.
The Town and Country area was hit particularly hard by the COVID-
19 pandemic, with vacancy rates increasing from among the lowest
rates in Palo Alto to the second highest after Downtown.
Landowners seem to be willing to forgo rents and keep their
properties vacant for longer periods of time. According to a Harvard
study, “Why Do Urban Storefronts Stay Empty for So Long?”6
storefronts often remain empty for months or years at a time, even
in some of the world’s highest-rent retail districts. The study
concluded that, eventually, a primary driver of retail vacancy in
dense urban areas is the fact that landlords are willing to forgo rents
today to preserve the option to lease their space to someone else
(who might pay higher rents) tomorrow. The study found that while
a vacancy tax would decrease the vacancy rate and rents, it would
also lower tenant quality and lead to faster churn in the city’s
storefronts.
The rents for the retail spaces in the commercial areas that were
studied have been on a steady rise despite increases in the vacancy
rate, with the highest rent per square footage in the Downtown and
Town and Country areas.
Unlike national trends, the trend in Palo Alto shows a rise in vacancy
rates since the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Vacancies seemed to have been rising several years before the
pandemic began. This could be due to a combination of factors such
as changes in regulatory environment, rise of e-commerce, and a
continued and latent expression of weakness in the retail sector
following the Great Recession.
All retail areas still have vacancy rates greater than what they were
pre-COVID.
Midtown has performed well regardless of the COVID-19 pandemic,
likely due to being isolated and supported as local service to
surrounding residential areas with a strong customer base.
Table 1: Retail Vacancy Trends as of 2024 Q1
Vacancy Rate Change*
(2023-2024)Area Total Retail Space (SF)Vacant Retail Space (SF)Vacancy Rate Rent per Square Foot
Downtown 740,000
295,000
175,000
54,300
463,000
104,000
1,831,300
112,000
28,200
21,400
5,000
8,100
3900
15.1%
9.6%
12.2%
9.1%
1.8%
3.8%
9.8%
6.90%$77.11
$54.47
$76.70
$48.81
$53.65
$55.67
California Avenue
ECR - Town and Country
ECR - California Avenue
ECR - South
Midtown
TOTAL
-4.10%
0.50%
8.20%
0.20%
-0.4%
178,600
Source: February 2024 CoStar Group Analytical Reports
ECR = El Camino Real
* Indicates one-year change. A negative percentage indicates that the vacancy has reduced in a one-year period. Positive numbers indicate an increase in vacancy in one-year period.
5 CoStar Data Analytical Reports accessed February 9, 2024, https://www.costar.com/.6 Moszkowski, Erica and Daniel Stackman, “Why Do Urban Storefronts Stay Empty for So Long?”, 2023,
accessed February 7, 2024,
https://emoszkowski.github.io/ericamoszkowski.com/Moszkowski_JMP.pdf.
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Figure 7: Retail Vacancy Rate (2014 Q1 to 2024 Q1)Comparison with Peer Cities
As a part of the study, the retail vacancy trends were compared to peer cities
Santa Monica and Los Altos. Detailed graphs of these trend comparisons can
be found in Appendix B.
Similar to Palo Alto, unlike national trends, the vacancy rate significantly
increased in Santa Monica in both areas studied, i.e., the Third Street
Promenade and the Main Street area.
The Third Street Promenade was hardest hit, post-COVID-19, of all the
retail areas studied. One contributing factor could have been the
pedestrian nature, which became less favorable due to limited in-
person interactions during the pandemic. As a result, foot traffic and
business activity declined, impacting the Promenade’s overall
performance.
The vacancy rate in downtown Los Altos increased only slightly post-
pandemic but has showed signs of recovery since 2021. It remains below
3 percent.
Figure 8: Retail Rent per Square Foot (2014 Q1 to 2024 Q1)
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Office Space Trends and Findings
National Trends According to Office News, Class A office space in highly prestigious and well-
connected locations is still in demand, especially where new or newly
renovated offices are concerned. Premiums for high-end offices have
increased nationwide by more than 30 percent since the onset of the
pandemic, although it has not affected demand.8
2023 Q4, reducing the vacancy by approximately seven percentage
points, the vacancy increased again in the last quarter. This could be
due to office closures or offices not reinstating lease agreements and
shrinking office space in a hybrid work environment.
The US office vacancy rate has reached an all-time high due to the impact of
remote work arrangements. It rose to a record-breaking 19.6 percent in the
fourth quarter of 2023. This is the largest quarterly increase since the first
quarter of 2021, and larger than the 19.3 percent level reached twice in 40
years. In conjunction, the new construction of office space has cooled to the
lowest levels since 2012.7
El Camino Real retail areas, except for Town and Country, show a
drop-in vacancy rate post-COVID-19 pandemic. A relatively small
amount of vacant office space in Town and Country (5,800 square
feet) could result in a high vacancy percentage due to limited overall
inventory.
Palo Alto Findings
Vacancy rate data derived from CoStar illustrates retail vacancy trends in
Palo Alto. Detailed ten-year trend tables and graphs for study areas in Palo
Alto as well as peer cities are documented in Appendix B. Below are the
findings.
The remote work trend is seen as the foremost reason for high vacancy
rates. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of remote work.
Many companies shifted to telecommuting, reducing the need for physical
office spaces.
Similar to Town and Country, Midtown shows a high vacancy rate
with actual vacant square footage of only 8,900 square feet.
Similar to national trends, the office vacancy rate has been increasing
in Palo Alto. Vacancy rates are greater than 10 percent in most areas,
post-COVID-19 pandemic.
Office rents have also dropped, with peak asking rents being right
before the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this has not helped with
net absorption. Overall, Downtown and Town and Country have the
highest rents per square foot in Palo Alto.
Industries like tech and finance have embraced remote work more readily,
affecting office demand. Sectors that rely heavily on in-person collaboration
(e.g., creative agencies, legal firms) may still require office space.Most office space in Palo Alto catered to tech companies. The
demand for office space has been impacted by tech companies
readily embracing remote work and lease expirations.Lease expirations also provide opportunities for companies to renegotiate
terms or explore alternative spaces. Some businesses choose not to renew
leases, contributing to higher vacancies. Sustainability and environmental
awareness are also influencing office design. Some companies prioritize
green buildings or energy-efficient spaces. Older, less efficient buildings
may struggle to attract tenants.
x Most office buildings in the four-district study area are older. There
is limited Class A building space in the study areas, the largest of
which is in the Downtown area with 85,000 square feet. However,
this is an older building, built in 1980s.9
Downtown has the highest overall inventory of office space and
highest square footage of vacancy. The vacancy rate has continued
to increase post-COVID-19 pandemic with no sign of recovery.
California Avenue has the highest vacancy rate as of February 2024.
While there has been some absorption of space from 2022 Q4 to
Table 2: Office Vacancy Trends as of February 2024
Vacancy Rate Change
(2023-2024) *Area Total Office Space (SF)
2,100,000
712,000
Vacant Office Space (SF)Vacancy Rate
16.0%
Rent per Square Foot
$93.77Downtown339,000
166,000
5,800
3.7%
1.0%
2.3%
-4.6%
-5.6%
-0.2%
California Avenue
ECR - Town and Country
ECR - California Avenue
ECR - South
23.4%$72.23
49,800 11.6%$87.63
192,000 15,500
20,900
8,900
8.1%$72.45
219,000 9.6%$66.11
Midtown 43,200 20.7%$65.13
TOTALS/AVERAGE 3,316,000 556,100 16.8%-1%$76.22
Source: February 2024, CoStar Group Analytical Reports
ECR=El Camino Real
* Indicates one-year change. A negative percentage indicates that the vacancy has reduced in a one-year period. Positive numbers indicate an increase in vacancy in a one-year period.
7 CNN Business, “Office vacancy rate hits record high,” January 8, 2024,
https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/08/economy/office-space-vacancies-hit-a-record-
high/index.html#:~:text=The%20national%20office%20vacancy%20rate,vacancy%20rate%20was%20ar
ound%2016.8%25.
8 Office News, US Office Market Trends 2022 – Statistics, Challenges and Outlook, February 24, 2022,
https://offices.net/news/us-office-market-trends-2022-statistics-challenges-and-outlook/.9 Commercial Café, Commercial Listings Palo Alto, accessed February 7, 2024, .
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Figure 9: Office Vacancy Rate (2014 Q1 to 2024 Q1)Comparison with Peer Cities
Similar to Palo Alto, the peer cities show increases in office vacancies post-
COVID-19 pandemic. Detailed graphs of these trend comparisons can be
found in Appendix B.
The vacancy square footage and the trend of increases in vacancy in
the Third Street Promenade area is similar to Downtown Palo Alto
but the vacancy rate is higher. For 2024 Q1, it is 27.1 percent for the
Third Street Promenade area compared to 16.5 percent in
Downtown Palo Alto.
Santa Monica Main Street also experienced a remarkably high
vacancy rate of 29.9 percent, as of 2024 Q1.
The vacancy rate has increased significantly in Los Altos since peaking
in 2021 Q3 at 24.3 percent to 13.7 percent in 2024 Q1. This is besides
the fact that the rents in Los Altos are comparable to California
Avenue and El Camino Real while being lower than Downtown Palo
Alto. This is also despite the fact that retail areas in Palo Alto have
closer proximity to regional transit facilities compared to Los Altos.
However, it should be noted that absorption of one office space in
Los Altos could result in a significant drop in the vacancy percentage
due to significantly lower overall inventory, compared to the
Downtown Palo Alto and California Avenue areas.
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Best Practices
The best practices summarized here are derived from respected leading
industry resources such as the Urban Land Institute and the National League
of Cities. In addition, several jurisdictions in the state (Santa Monica, Santa
Cruz, and San Diego) that have adopted retail revitalization plans and
strategies were also studied. Some of these may already be in practice in
Palo Alto. The Recommendation Section provides detailed suggestions
specific to Palo Alto
services, museums/galleries, health/fitness, performing arts,
commercial recreation, and entertainment.
6. Create a parking relief program for businesses that have outdoor
dining, are undergoing a change of use, or currently have off-site
parking conditions.6. Encourage Complementary Uses. Non-retail complementary uses
such as professional services and restaurants attract and allow
people to stay in the area for longer and, in turn, support retail sales
and street and district vitality.
7. Designate strategic zones with clear signage for rideshare uses and
curbside delivery (e.g., Lyft, Uber, taxi).
8. Provide short-term and long-term bicycle parking at key locations
throughout the commercial district.7. Encourage New Office and Residential Uses. Office workers create
a demand for retail along the street, especially in the morning and
at noontime. Residential development in and adjacent to the
commercial areas also generate customers, pedestrian activity, and
retail demand. Office uses generate significantly more persons per
square foot than residential uses.
These best practices and principles are summarized and organized into the
following key categories:9. Use technology to provide parking signage indicating "where" and
"how many" spaces are available for parking.1. Land Use and Zoning Ordinance
2. Parking and Curb Management
3. Approval Process
Approval Process
Time, fees, complexity, and clarity/certainty of the approval process play a
vital role in a developer's or business owner's decision to locate or invest in
a particular area. Below are some best practices for improving the process
and creating a business-friendly environment in a community.
8. Extend Retail and Restaurant Hours. Longer hours equal strongerLand Use and Zoning Ordinance sales, and strong sales define a successful shopping street.
1. Attract and Retain People. Allow land uses that can attract and 9. Concentrate Retail on Blocks and Nodes. Shoppers typically willretain people throughout the day and evening hours.walk for only three or four city blocks.10 1. Work with property and business owners and applicants to allow
and make changes of uses and tenant improvements quickly to
adapt and respond to changing market demands.
2. Prioritize People. Focus longer-term land-use code adjustments on
efforts that put people's use (not vehicles or parking) of public space
first.
10. Create Attractive Spaces. Incentivize privately owned public spaces
and improve physical access to the public space.
Parking and Curb Management 2. Amend use regulations, development standards, and approval
processes to earn a reputation for quick, efficient, predictable, and
business-friendly service and approvals.
3. Create Flexible, Permissive Zoning. Eliminate restrictive zoning for
potential low-impact uses of vacant spaces and reduce regulatory
hurdles.
While the focus of this report is not specifically on parking ordinance reform,
parking is closely related to land use and retail recovery. Below are some
best practices for creating healthy commercial areas.3. Ensure that the business licensing and permitting process is not an
impediment to good retail activity.
Fill ground-floor vacant spaces by allowing the use of space
to incubate small or start-up businesses.1. Create a program to provide credits for municipal parking spaces to
reduce the overall development burden.Allow pop-ups, incubators, and temporary uses that can
operate with short-term leases.
4. Ensure that zoning regulations are designed with flexibility in mind
and that changes can happen administratively during times of need.2. Preserve on-street spaces for customers.
Allow artisan shops that create and sell products on site
such as handmade candle shops, hand crafted jewelry and
so on.
5. Allow most uses and improvements without discretionary approval
(i.e., by right or ministerially). Retail and supportive uses should be
allowed by right, without discretionary approval, to the extent
possible.
3. Promote shared parking that can support multiple different uses
throughout the day.
4. Create Certainty with Objective Standards. Replace vague and 4. Adjust (reduce) minimum requirements to better align with
demand and reduce construction costs for developers. Minimums
should be less than the actual demand.
subjective standards with objective development standards.6. Consider reducing or waiving fees associated with building
construction or redevelopment in the focus area.5. Include Active Use as a Part of Retail Use. Broaden the definition
of retail to include active uses—those that generate activity on the
street, such as eating and drinking, hotels, entertainment, personal
5. Create a flat rate for parking regardless of use to provide flexibility
in the change of use.
10 Urban Land Institute, “Ten Principles for Rebuilding Neighborhood Retail,” January 1, 2003, accessed
February 7, 2024, https://americas.uli.org/ten-principles-for-rebuilding-neighborhood-retail-2/.
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AB 2097 Implications and Recommendations
The purpose of this portion of the study is to review the implications of
recently adopted Assembly Bill (AB) 2097 on the City of Palo Alto’s parking
regulations and management strategies, the adequacy of the existing
parking inventory and potential impacts on retail establishments. The full
AB 2097 analysis is contained in Appendix C.
Figure 10: AB 2097 Relief Areas
Effective January 1, 2023, AB 2097 prohibits public agencies from imposing
minimum automobile parking requirements on most types of development
within a half-mile of a major transit stop. However, this reduction does not
apply to projects that designate any portion of the project as a hotel, motel,
bed and breakfast inn, or other transient lodging use, or reduce parking
spaces designated for this purpose.
Exceptions are allowed in limited circumstances. The bill authorizes a city,
county, or city and county to impose or enforce minimum automobile
parking requirements on a housing development project if the public agency
makes written findings, within 30 days of the receipt of a completed
application, that not imposing or enforcing minimum automobile parking
requirements on the development would have a substantially negative
impact, supported by a preponderance of the evidence in the record, on the
public agency’s ability to meet its share of specified housing needs or
existing residential or commercial parking within 1/2 mile of the housing
development.
Figure 10 identifies the areas of Palo Alto that are affected by and subject
to the provisions of AB 2097.
There are approximately 6,677 public parking spaces across the four retail
districts in the study area. Of these, 2,125 are on-street spaces and 4,552
are off-street public parking spaces within the public parking lots and public
parking garages that existed at the time of this study. Based on the limited
data received from the City as well as on interviews with the City’s Office of
Transportation and stakeholders, there seems to be surplus parking in the
commercial core areas of the City, especially the Downtown and California
Avenue areas. The stakeholders did not express any concern related to
availability of parking. However, as development occurs, the adequacy of
the existing parking supply may be challenged from new or intensified land
uses without construction of new on-site parking due to AB 2097.
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Below are some of the recommended strategies from the AB 2097 parking
and retail impact assessment.
Figure 11: Commercial Zoned (CD-C) Parcels Outside AB 2097
Impacted Areas- Downtown/University Ave
1. Extend AB 209 to Entire CD-C Zone for Equity. Within Downtown,
there are 16 parcels in the CD-C district on University Avenue that
lie just north of the half-mile radius from a high-quality transit stop
that are not exempted from the parking requirements by AB 2097.
Unless the provisions of AB 2097 are extended, these parcels will
remain subject to minimum parking requirements and the
Commercial Downtown Assessment District standards of 18.52 of
the PAMC. To ensure equitable development conditions for all
parcels in the Downtown area, it is recommended that uniform
regulations be applied to the entirety of the CD-C districts in the
Downtown area.
2. Allow Retail Flexibility Without Requiring Additional Parking: In
retail areas outside the influence of AB 2097, the conversion of
retail space to other retail or retail-like uses (for example, changing
a boutique store into a restaurant or art gallery) should not impose
restrictions on developers to provide parking in accordance with the
converted uses, as long as the square footage is not increased.
3. Parking Management & Optimization. Without the ability to
require on-site parking or require in-lieu payments toward public
parking, the City will need to focus primarily on management and
optimization of the existing parking supply. An optimal parking
threshold for commercial areas is typically around 85 percent
occupancy11. Beyond this point, parking availability becomes
strained, leading to inconvenience for visitors and potential
business impact. To address this, the City should actively monitor
and manage parking utilization. At some point, future growth and
intensification may challenge the adequacy of the existing supply.
4. Develop Ordinance to Unbundle Parking. The city should update
the parking ordinance to include provisions of AB 1317 that will go
into effect on January 1, 2025, which requires developers to
unbundle parking from residential developments. The benefits of
unbundling include more efficient use of existing parking spaces,
cost savings for non-drivers, and clearer market valuation of land
used for parking. It is especially helpful in areas not subject to
minimum parking requirements.
11 Shoup Donald, 2011, The High Cost of Free Parking, Routledge
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5. Create Employee Parking Plan and Program. Business owners
should encourage employees to not park in the most convenient
customer parking spaces.
8. Enhance City’s Transportation Demand Strategy (TDM) Strategy.
The City has an ordinance granting the Planning and Development
Services Director the authority to require TDM strategies. However,
a developer’s influence is limited to the site. The City can be more
effective in implementing area-wide TDM strategies such as public
transit improvements, pedestrian-friendly infrastructure, and
promotion of active transportation and mixed-use development as
suggested by the Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy-
Guiding Principle 2.
10. Improve Signage and Wayfinding for Parking: Effective signage
ensures visitors can find their way without confusion. Palo Alto has
signage directing to the parking areas, but they don’t provide
information on parking availability in particular garages or lots or
directions to garage or lot. The existing APGS and emerging
technologies can be integrated with digital signage at strategic
locations, which can provide real time information on parking. This
will reduce the time spent to find parking in the retail areas.
6. Pursue Shared-Use Agreements. The City can facilitate a shared
parking between landowners by creating ready to use shared
parking agreements. The City can also enter into parking
agreements with the landowners to use private parking during
hours that it typically goes unused. These areas can be advertised
on-site and, on the website, as available parking spaces during
certain times of the day.
11. Curb Space Management. Increasing the opportunity to walk and
bike to various locations and to complete short distance trips can
alleviate pressure on parking. Adopting a micromobility program for
shared bicycles and/or scooters and providing adequate curb space
may also reduce the need for car for shorter trips.
9. Explore Emerging Technologies. As innovative technologies
emerge, it is advised that the City explore and implement
technologies that can deliver real time information via app or
website. These can be applicable to parking garages, lots and on-
street parking spaces and can help patrons find and receive
directions to the nearest available space.
7. Reevaluate City’s Paid On-Street Parking Program. The City could
implement incremental increase in rates instead of a flat $25 per
day for public parking garages and lots12. The City could also
evaluate implementing a paid on-street parking program instead of
moving the vehicle every
threshold is reached.
2 hours when a parking utilization
12 Parking Work Plan, https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/Departments/Transportation/Parking/Palo-Alto-
Parking-Action-Plan/Parking-Work-Plan, Accessed April 22, 2024
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Zoning Analysis and Recommendations
Zoning Review and Comparison RECOMMENDATION 1.1 laundry and cleaning; art and dance studios; fitness or exercise studios, and
similar uses; learning centers.]The current state of the code suggests that a comprehensive review,
revision, and update is warranted to ensure the code functions efficiently,
equitably, and as intended.
A detailed review of the Palo Alto Zoning Ordinance was conducted to
review the permitted uses, development standards, and procedures. This is
documented in Appendix D. The purpose of the analysis is to identify likely
and potential constraints and opportunities to improve the health and
function of retail uses and the main commercial retail and commercial
corridors and provide recommendations for improvement. In addition, the
analysis and recommendations are derived from the interviews with
stakeholders, including developers, the Chamber of Commerce, and
business owners (refer to Appendix A). Following the interviews with the
cities of Santa Monica and Los Altos, the zoning for all commercial areas was
reviewed and compared with zoning for the Palo Alto study areas. Appendix
D contains excerpts and notes on the most relevant portions of the code.
CD-N Zone: "A conditional use permit is required for the following uses when
fronting on University Avenue: (A) Fitness or exercise studios, and similar
uses; and (B) Learning centers intended for individual or small group
settings."Examples of some symptoms and characteristics that suggest
comprehensive review and update are warranted include:
a
CS Zone: "A conditional use permit is not required for medical office, or
commercial recreation uses up to 5,000 square feet of gross floor area, with
the following exceptions, for which a conditional use permit is always
required: (A) medical office fronting on California Avenue and in the
Midtown Shopping District; (B) commercial recreation uses fronting on
California Avenue and in the Town and Country Village Shopping Center."
a. Many and overlapping combining districts.
b. Complex listings of permitted uses with multiple exclusions,
exceptions, and footnotes
c. Inconsistent language and many variations of similar
regulations
d. Reliance on subjective standards, findings, and determinations
e. Complaints and frequent requests from applicants
f. Lengthy processing times, difficult implementation, variable
application and interpretation, and errors
CC, CC(2) Zones: "A conditional use permit is required for the following uses
when fronting on California Avenue: (A) Fitness or exercise studios, and
similar uses exceeding 1,800 square feet in gross floor area; and (B) Learning
centers intended for individual or small group settings. A conditional use
permit is required for fitness or exercise studios and similar uses exceeding
1,800 square feet in gross floor area in Town and Country Village Shopping
Center."
Zoning Recommendations
The analysis resulted in the following findings, observations, and
recommendations.
It is recommended that the code be reviewed and revised to make it more
user-friendly. In an effort to understand and evaluate the use regulations
and development standards, comparative use tables for the commercial
districts and the combining districts were created. The tables make it easier
to see which uses are permitted in each district and improve the overall
understanding of the zones through the comparison of districts.
1. Conduct a Comprehensive Zoning Cleanup
of Mature, Complex Code.CD-C, S, N Zones: "A conditional use permit is not required for commercial
recreation uses up to 5,000 square feet of gross floor area, with the following
exceptions, for which a conditional use permit is always required: (A) medical
office fronting on University Avenue; (B) commercial recreation uses fronting
on University Avenue."RECOMMENDATION 1.2The Palo Alto Zoning Ordinance is complex and robust. It is a mature code
that reflects decades of cumulative modifications to address a variety of
concerns. However, the overall structure and organization have grown to be
intricate and complicated. As a result, it is difficult, even for a seasoned
professional planner, to navigate, understand, and implement the many
overlapping layers, sections, and exceptions, and unique, narrowly defined,
and targeted provisions. This is common with older codes. They accumulate
many targeted amendments and revisions over the years. This detracts from
the original organization and can impact the overall functional integrity. The
Zoning Ordinance is particularly complex with respect to the regulation of
retail and office uses. It appears that numerous individuals, specific
amendments to address many concerns over the years may now have the
cumulative effect of overregulating and preventing the healthy reuse and
improvement of sites and buildings.
The code could be made more user-friendly by integrating the use and
development standards of the combining districts into the use and
development standard tables.CN, CC, CC(2), CS Zones: "Medical, Professional, and Business offices shall
not be located on the ground floor unless any of the following apply to such
offices:Below are examples of some of the subtle differences and restrictions on
personal service uses that warrant evaluation of their need and effect on
protecting or restricting a healthy commercial corridor:"Occupy a space that was not occupied by retail services, personal services,
eating and drinking services.
R Retail Shopping Combining District: Permitted: "Personal services, except
the following on California Avenue: beauty shops; nail salons; barbershops;
laundry and cleaning services as defined in Section 18.04.030(114)(B);
fitness or exercise studios exceeding 1,800 square feet in gross floor area;
and learning centers intended for individual or small group settings."
"Are located in new or remodeled ground floor area built on or after March
19, 2001, if the ground floor area devoted to housing, retail services, eating
and drinking services, personal services."
These uses are typical and necessary components of a healthy commercial
corridor. The complexity of the many variations and different applications
suggests that these standards were created and adopted independently and
may not be necessary or are unnecessarily restrictive.
GF Ground Floor Combining District: Permitted: "Personal services, except
for parcels with frontage on University Avenue, where uses defined in
Section 18.04.030(114)(B), (G), (H), and (I) are not permitted." [Prohibits:
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RECOMMENDATION 1.3 opinion and grievance could be favored or have a greater influence on the
decision than compliance with objective standards of the Zoning Ordinance.
Combined with the many subjective standards, the approval process for
even simple projects can easily become costly and cumbersome. In addition
to the cost and risk to project applicants, this can dramatically increase the
workload and resources on behalf of City staff as well as the PTC, City
Council, and supporting staff.
otherwise be preferable to extensive and prolonged vacancies that detract
from and impact the overall health and vitality of the larger district.A comprehensive review can streamline and standardize the standards
where possible and reevaluate the need and effect of the precise
standards and whether they are consistent with the broader goal of a
healthy commercial corridor.
As noted in the 2023 Comprehensive Economic Development Strategy,
there is a large amount of vacant commercial and retail space that exceeds
the current and foreseeable market demand for retail. Large proportions of
this space will remain vacant unless and until it is allowed to be converted
to uses other than retail. By preventing the conversion of former retail
spaces to non-retail uses, the RPO has contributed to the increasing
vacancies. Because the RPO is applicable to all retail uses citywide, the
restrictions also have the effect of interfering with the natural selection and
adaption of the market. It treats all retail areas as equally important. As a
result, there is no ability to adjust with and adapt to the market. Instead of
allowing the market to concentrate the limited demand for retail on core
areas of strength, the RPO effectively dilutes the limited retail demand
citywide.
2. Create Streamlined and Predictable
Approval Processes RECOMMENDATION 2.1
The approval processes should:
1. Create a ministerial approval process for certain projects (e.g., minor
tenant improvements, sign permits, minor changes of use, expansions,
or additions).Where possible, it is desirable to allow project approvals through a
ministerial, non-discretionary process subject to compliance with objective
standards. This saves time and money for applicants and staff and enables
timely improvement and investments in private property and the public
realm. Discretionary approval is necessary and appropriate where projects
have unique features and circumstances that are beyond purely objective
standards. In these cases, the decision-making authority should be kept at
the professional staff level to the extent possible. Approval by the City
Council should generally be limited to projects that involve policy and
legislative matters such as general plans, specific plans, or zone changes,
amendments, or deviations.
2. Keep the majority of typical discretionary approvals at the staff or
Planning and Development Services Director approval authority.
3. Limit projects that require City Council approval to those that involve
policy or legislative changes or formal appeals to the Planning and
Development Services Director's decision.
Further, it has been noted multiple times in interviews with property owners
and managers that the RPO (and the limitations on the creation and
conversion to office uses) has created traps for property owners. Once a
retail use is established, the property is effectively locked into only that
retail use. This dramatically limits the ability of the property owner to
manage and market the property and adapt to market conditions. This trap
may have the unintended consequence of discouraging establishment of
new retail uses for fear of the inability to ever change back to another use—
at least without great difficulty, time, and cost.
3. Limit the Retail Preservation Ordinance
(RPO) (18.40.180).The Palo Alto Zoning Ordinance allows for approval of many projects by the
Planning and Development Services Director. This is to be commended as
this approach can significantly shorten the approval period and reduce
processing costs. It also has the benefit of avoiding or minimizing
politicization of a particular project and decisions that are based on anything
other than the objective merits of the project. Keeping the approval decision
with professional staff and subject to objective standards and procedures is
preferable for most projects.
It is essential that restrictive regulations have standards and procedures to
obtain relief for hardships. The standard for relief of this section allows
waivers based on economic hardship. However, the current standard is
among the highest possible and most difficult thresholds to achieve—an
unconstitutional taking and deprivation of all economic value.
This section of the Zoning Ordinance is an example of the complexity and
extremely strict nature of the zoning regulations. It appears that the effect
of the regulations, standards, and process may, contrary to the implied
intent of the regulations, actually contribute to the erosion and decline of
the health of the prime retail corridors. While regulations are necessary and
can create great places and value, they also often have unintended
consequences. They need to be evaluated periodically to ensure that they
continue to function as intended.
This waiver threshold is disproportionate to the perceived potential threat
of allowing non-retail uses on the ground floor. It implicitly favors vacant
former retail space over non-retail use.
However, every approval by the Planning and Development Services
Director can be elevated to the City Council. While this is typical in the case
of a formal appeal of a decision, the Palo Alto Zoning Ordinance encourages
this elevation with a simple request from any party. This is allowed by
Planning and Development Services Director decisions on relief from the
Retail Preservation Ordinance (18.40.180[c][3]) and other normal staff
approvals (18.77.060[c-f]).
Change among ground floor and retail and similar uses is common and a
necessary part of a healthy commercial corridor. Without change, there is
less investment and updating of commercial spaces that typically occurs
with new tenant improvements. As noted, the nature of retail has been
changing, which has increased turnover and vacancies of many retail spaces
and commercial corridors. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated some of the
shift to e-commerce and led to the failure of many retail and other
commercial businesses. The RPO regulations appear to have contributed to
the increasing vacancy rate by preventing alternative uses, which would
RECOMMENDATION 3.1
This standard should be reconsidered. A lower and easier threshold or
otherwise more permissive standards based on a simple finding of
practical difficulty and/or economic hardship would help increase the
occupancy of vacant former retail spaces, which would contribute to the
overall activity and vitality within the corridor.The process requires notification of all neighbors within 600 feet of the
project and a hearing and recommendation by the Planning and Section 18.40.180(c) Waivers and Adjustments; and Exemptions for the
RPO should be revised to delete the unconstitutional taking of all
economic value standard of subsection (A) Economic Hardship in favor of
the practical hardship standard of subsection (B) Alternative Viable Active
Transportation Commission (PTC). The PTC recommendation is forwarded
to the City Council for a final decision. This adds considerable time, cost, and
risk to every project. This process appears to create an environment where
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Allow non-retail uses:Use. Further, it is recommended that subsection (B) be amended to delete
the exception of the applicability to the Ground Floor (GF) and Retail (R)
combining districts to allow Alternative Viable Active Uses in the
Downtown/University (GF) and California Avenue (R) areas.
balance of the City will allow the conversion of excess retail space over
time, as well as a concentration in the Downtown and California Avenue
areas. The changes should be clearly communicated with the business and
property owners. The effect of the changes should be monitored to
evaluate whether the focused RPO is having the desired effect.
In back office, not street-facing locations (i.e., behind retail or store
fronts)
On side streets, off University and California AvenuesParallel revisions are recommended for Section 18.30(A).070 Waivers and
Adjustments applicable to the R combining district. Section 18.30(C)
Ground Floor (GF) Combining District Regulations does not have any
waiver or adjustment provisions. It should be amended to also have a
practical difficulty standard as recommended for the RPO and R combining
district.
The relief and waiver provisions of the RPO and R and GF combining
districts should be eased to be based on achievable objective standards,
to keep the decision-making authority at the Planning and Development
Services Director level (unless formally appealed), and to allow the
practical difficulty standard of the alternative viable active use waiver
option.
When vacancies exceed threshold (by percentage and/or duration)
E.g., when vacancies exceed 10% in district for more than
12 months.
Subject to limits (concentration, size, proximity), e.g.:
Minimum 25% ground-floor commercial (Palo Alto Mixed-
Use standards)
The alternative waiver option requires the applicant to demonstrate
standards that are purely within the subjective determination of the City
and potentially impossible, and are at least very costly and difficult, to
prove:
Maximum 15% of total floor area (Town & Country office
standards)4. Allow Non-retail Uses on Ground Floor with
Limitations.Maximum 30% of all street frontage within 300-foot radius
(San Francisco)
"The permitted retail or retail-like use is not viable;
The proposed use will support the purposes of the zoning district
and Comprehensive Plan land use designation; and Maximum 50% of street frontage per building > 100-foot
frontage (Thousand Oaks)The proposed use will encourage active pedestrian-oriented
activity and connections."The Ground Floor (GF) and Retail (R) combining districts in the
Downtown/University Avenue and California Avenue core commercial
areas, respectively, add a level of complexity and regulation that may not
be necessary. The extensive and persistent ground-floor vacancies in these
areas suggest that alternatives or modifications to the restrictions may be
appropriate. The overall objectives and outcomes are to reduce vacancies,
increase occupancy, foot traffic and vibrancy.
Increase fitness, spas, exercise without a CUP from 1,800 to 3,000 square
feet to match the industry average!The subjective, uncertain, and expensive waiver process is likely to deter
many potential applicants from attempting the waiver or to give up before
obtaining a decision. This has a chilling effect on the marketplace and
contributes to a negative reputation for the City. This is particularly true for
local, small, and sole proprietor uses that do not have the depth of resources
and expertise to "fight City Hall."
Allow other viable active uses without a CUP:
Examples: pet grooming, beauty shops, nail salons, barbershops,
small learning centers, day care
Medical office with retail component, lifestyle, health services
Several strategies could be employed to allow more retail-supportive uses
on the ground floor, such as personal service uses and small professional
offices that bring employees and generate customers and foot traffic in the
area to the benefit of overall activity and vitality. This objective could
include a modification to the definition of “retail and/or retail-like” to allow
a broader range of uses. The list of permitted uses in the relevant zone and
combining district use tables can be amended.
If necessary, require a CUP for certain uses in excess of a maximum size (Palo
Alto for offices, commercial recreation; CN district uses)Such restrictions appear to favor the national franchises and "formula retail"
that Palo Alto has determined are problematic and should be restricted but
are among the few that can afford to navigate the code and approval
process. It is important to recognize that Palo Alto, while a strong and
desirable market, is very much part of the larger competitive market.
Existing and prospective businesses have the ability and choice to locate in
other cities where the regulatory environment is easier and more
welcoming and supportive of their large and risky investments. Many
suitable and desirable retail and other uses, even if allowed, may avoid
locating in Palo Alto based on the knowledge of the code, complex process,
and high costs and frustration that inevitably are experienced over the life
of use.
RECOMMENDATION 4.1
Amend the zoning code with one or more of the above methods to allow
more retail-supportive uses on ground floor. The selected methods should
be part of a coordinated package of amendments.
There are many methods and mechanisms to manage such uses, if
necessary, to ensure a balance of compatible and complementary uses and
to preserve and encourage active street frontages. The following are
examples of potential zoning strategies to permit non-retail or retail-like
uses:
5. Repeal the Office Conversion and
Construction Limitations.
Amend the definition of “retail-like” to include the following performance-
based uses: “commercial uses that are accessible to the general public,
generate walk-in pedestrian clientele, and contribute to a high level of
pedestrian activity.”
RECOMMENDATION 3.2
Consideration should be given to whether the RPO is beneficial or should
be modified or repealed. As an initial step, we recommend that the RPO
be limited to the essential core retail areas of businesses fronting on
Downtown’s University Avenue and California Avenue. Removal from the
There are two provisions of the code that limit office construction:
18.40.210 Annual Office Limit and 18.18.060 Development Standards for
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the Downtown Commercial (CD) District. These are notable in their own
right, but also as they interact with the RPO.
facing façade to ensure a percentage for retail and retail-like uses. Ground-
floor office uses that do not front on University or California Avenues, i.e.,
behind retail frontages, should be allowed. There should be no limit to
upper-level office uses. Any limitation should be proportionate to the size
of the site or building to ensure an equitable impact. Section 18.40.210
Annual Office Limit should be revised to replace the unconstitutional
taking of all economic value standard of (e) Economic Hardship Waiver or
Adjustment, with a practical difficulty standard like that recommended for
the RPO, R and GF combining districts.
otherwise. The need to obtain a CUP is already a high standard and barrier,
but the required findings are again subjective, numerous, and must all be
met. Such standards make it easy to deny and prevent any use or applicant
for nearly any reason or perceived objection by staff or City Council (Section
18.76.015):
Section 18.40.210 limits the conversion of existing non-office uses to office
uses to 50,000 square feet per year. The annual limit serves as another
constraint to the loss or conversion of retail space and appears to lessen any
need for the RPO. Office workers represent a major portion of the retail
customers, sales, and market base. The dramatic loss of office uses, and
reduced occupancy and days workers spend in the office since COVID-19 has
had a proportionately significant reduction on retail demand in Palo Alto.
While there has been some recovery, the long-term trend and reduced
office occupancy is expected to persist for the foreseeable future. Office
vacancy rates in Palo Alto have increased dramatically since COVID-19 to
over 556,000 square feet, an average of 17 percent of all office space in Palo
Alto. The total vacancy is project to increase over the next five years
according to CoStar.
"A conditional use permit shall not be granted in an R-Combining
district for a formula retail business, or a beauty shop, nail salon,
barbershop, or financial services use, unless it is found, in addition
to the findings required by section 18.76.010, that:
"(1)The retail or personal service business will offer
merchandise and/or services that meet the underserved needs of
the City's residents and visitors.6. Relax the Formula Retail Restrictions.
"(2)The type of retail or personal service business will
enhance the balance and diversity of businesses in the district and
in the City as a whole.The rationale for limiting “formula retail” on the basis of the franchise and
standardized merchandise and branding on California Avenue is not clear
and should be stated explicitly. The assumptions and perceived threats of
ten or more of the same uses, standardized merchandise, décor, color
scheme, uniforms, façade, and trademark use has been evaluated for
current relevance and necessity. Research of and interviews with peer cities
and business and property owners indicated only limited concern over such
uses and a desire to limit and relax the formula retail restrictions. It was
noted that formula retail or franchise businesses often represent and bring
new innovations and trends and foot traffic that benefit other businesses in
the vicinity.
The perceived threat of office outcompeting and converting ground-floor
retail spaces to office uses, which was the basis of the regulation, is
extremely low and effectively no longer exists. Conversion of vacant,
formerly retail ground-floor spaces to personal service and office uses that
generate customers for nearby retail is preferable to extensive and
persistent vacancies that create a sense of failure and blight that remaining
retail uses must combat. Occupancy of the vacant office spaces should be
encouraged. Conversion of excess vacant retail spaces, particularly by uses
that generate potential customers and pedestrian foot traffic, and those
that do not front on University or California Avenues, should be allowed.
"(3)The retail or personal service business will enhance
the economic vitality of the district where the business is
proposed to be located and of the City as a whole. In considering
this finding, the director or city council may consider existing
retail vacancy rates within the district and in the City as a whole.
"(4)The retail or personal service business is consistent
with the character of the district where the business is proposed
to be located.
It is also noted that concerns over the impact of a standard and generic
corporate franchise design can be regulated more directly and objectively
through design standards rather than limiting or preventing use on the basis
of the characteristics of formula retail. The regulation appears to prevent
otherwise appropriate and desirable uses and occupancy of vacant spaces
without a clear or superseding public benefit.
"(5)The design of the retail or personal service businessIt appears that Section 18.40.210 could be repealed as the conditions and
circumstances and rationale for its existence no longer exist.will be compatible with the architectural and aesthetic character
of the district where the business is proposed to be located."
Section 18.18.060 limits the total amount of office to a total of 5,000 square
feet per site in the CD-S and CD-N zones. The rationale, purpose, and public
benefit of this limitation are not clear. It appears to establish an arbitrary
limitation that may cause more harm than good. This provision is not
proportionate to the size of the site or building—the larger the site, the
greater the constraint and loss of development potential. Further, this
provision appears to apply to all office spaces, both ground floor and upper
floor. Upper-floor office space is supportive of ground-floor retail and other
commercial uses. It is not clear why there should be a limit on an upper-
floor commercial on any given site. Rather, such uses should be encouraged.
While always a best practice and feature of the best land use codes, an
increasing number of cities have initiated the review and revision of their
development codes in recent years to reduce and replace subjective
standards with objective standards and certain and efficient approval
processes. They recognize that such regulations allow and encourage
desirable and necessary growth, as well as a continuous cycle of renewal
and improvement, and are important to the overall health of the City.
RECOMMENDATION 6.1
Consideration should be given to modifying or eliminating this restriction.
Any restrictions should be demonstrated to be the minimum necessary to
advance a legitimate public purpose. It is recommended that the threshold
to qualify as a “formula retail” use be increased from 10 to 50 such
businesses. It is also recommended to limit formula retail to restaurant
uses. Another option the City may consider is to limit the number of
formula retail establishments in certain areas. This method can ensure a
balance between formula and non-formula uses.
RECOMMENDATION 6.2
The Palo Alto Zoning Ordinance and existing and future property owners,
businesses, and uses would benefit from objective development standards
and a streamlined approval process program.RECOMMENDATION 5.1
The purposes, assumptions, and impacts of these provisions should be
evaluated. If any limits are found to be necessary, they should be designed
to minimize the restriction to the extent possible. They should only apply
to ground-level office spaces, such as a maximum percentage of the street-
Similar to the waiver provisions for the RPO, the code assumes that formula
retail and certain other personal service uses are detrimental unless proven
City of Palo Alto 21
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Study Report
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PALO ALTO RETAIL REVITALIZATION STUDY
RECOMMENDATION 7.2
Reduce Minimum Requirements
and California Avenues as well as portions of El Camino Real. This requires
Palo Alto to change its approach to parking in these areas. It will require a
change from a regulatory approach to provide adequate parking to the
active management and optimization of existing public and private parking
spaces to meet the existing and projected long-term growth and parking
needs in the affected areas. The areas not directly affected by AB 2097 and
still subject to minimum parking requirements should still be evaluated for
the parking relief and modifications described in this section.
7. Ease the Parking Regulations.
A parking use survey and approach should be evaluated to reset standards
to appropriate levels. For example, the minimum of 16 to 30 spaces per
1,000 square feet of gross floor area for eating and drinking services is
punitively high. It may be used to effectively prohibit fast-food franchises
and drive-through facilities. These standards are based on the outmoded
concept that restaurants are destination uses that operate and need to be
parked independently of all other uses with no sharing of trips or parking.
This is inconsistent with the actual and preferred operation of most urban
commercial districts and most certainly exceeds actual parking demand.
While not a major focus of this analysis, as a major development cost,
design, and spatial constraint, excess parking supply and excessive
minimum parking standards are among the most common deterrents to a
healthy and vibrant commercial district. Many municipalities continue to
rely on outdated parking standards that, more often than not, were based
on reference to other adopted standards as opposed to actual demand and
occupancy studies. Most standards are also based on low-density suburban
land use patterns, not the more dynamic urban patterns like those in Palo
Alto. The following are a few high-level observations and recommendations
related to zoning code. See Appendix C for more comprehensive analysis
and recommendations.
RECOMMENDATION 7.3
Allow Change of Use
If adequate parking is available in the vicinity of the use, allowing a change
of use for existing spaces without a requirement to provide additional
parking could be considered. Existing buildings and outdoor spaces could be
exempted from providing parking for a change of use.
There are three typical approaches to improving downtown and main street
parking standards:
i. Reduce outdated minimum requirements to require fewer spaces
than the cumulative demand for the district.RECOMMENDATION 7.1
Promote Public Shared Parking Over Off-Street/On-Site Parking.RECOMMENDATION 7.4
Incentivize Priority Usesii. Eliminate minimum parking standards and let business and property
owners provide the parking deemed necessary to support the uses.Private, off-street/on-site parking is the most inefficient type of parking. It
generally is not appropriate for dense, pedestrian-oriented commercial and
mixed-use districts where the majority of properties are developed with
buildings and have little or no room for efficient parking. On-site parking is
least likely to be shared. Shared public parking is most appropriate for such
districts. It allows maximum access, utilization, and effective management
to respond to changing conditions.
Reducing requirements for desired or priority uses like restaurants could be
taken into consideration. Incentives could also be provided, such as
increased credits and/or reductions in minimum requirements for shared
parking.
iii. Establish maximum parking standards to limit and prevent
oversupply and inefficient use of land at the expense of buildings
and uses.
Recently adopted AB 2097 effectively codified these best practices by
eliminating minimum parking requirements within one-half mile of High-
Quality Transit Stop. As discussed in greater detail in Appendix C of this
report, this exemption applies to the core commercial areas on University
City of Palo Alto 22
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Item No. 4. Page 1 of 2
Planning & Transportation Commission
Staff Report
From: Planning and Development Services Director
Lead Department: Planning and Development Services
Meeting Date: May 8, 2024
Report #: 2404-2960
TITLE
Election of Chair and Vice Chair
RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that the Planning and Transportation Commission (PTC) hold
elections for offices of Chair and Vice Chair or continue the election to a later
meeting with any newly appointed member in attendance.
BACKGROUND
The City Council interviewed candidates on April 8, 2024, and was scheduled to make
the appointment of a candidate on May 6, 2024. There is only one position under
consideration. The incumbent applied along with one other applicant.
On April 10, 2024, the PTC reviewed Section 2.1 of the PTC Bylaws that establishes
the first April meeting for elections or following the first meeting with newly
appointed Board members in attendance. On April 10th, the PTC voted to postpone
elections until after the Council had appointed a candidate to the position.
There is no express procedure for Chair and Vice Chair elections. Where the PTC’s
bylaws and procedural rules are silent, the presiding officer may decide questions of
procedure, though any commissioner may appeal a decision to the commission as a
whole. The process for the most recent past election practices is summarized below:
1. Nominations for Chair are made from the floor. Commissioners may nominate
anyone, including themselves. A second is required for the nomination.
2. The nominee states whether they will accept the nomination.
3. The Commissioners who moved and seconded the nomination make a brief
statement on why they support the nomination.
4. Nominees may also make a brief statement regarding their candidacy.
5. Other Commissioners may give comments or ask questions to the nominees.
6. The PTC will take a vote after all nominations have been made, seconded, and the
nominees have stated whether they will accept.
7. Four votes are required for confirmation.
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Item No. 4. Page 2 of 2
8. The entire process is repeated for Vice Chair election.
AUTHOR/TITLE:
Amy French, Chief Planning Official
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Item No. 5. Page 1 of 1
Planning & Transportation Commission
Staff Report
From: Planning and Development Services Director
Lead Department: Planning and Development Services
Meeting Date: May 8, 2024
Report #: 2404-2941
TITLE
Approval of Planning & Transportation Commission Draft Summary & Verbatim Minutes of
December 13, 2023
RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that the Planning & Transportation Commission (PTC) adopt the meeting
minutes.
BACKGROUND
Draft summary and verbatim minutes from the December 13, 2023 Planning & Transportation
Commission (PTC) meeting were made available to the Commissioners prior to the May 8, 2024
meeting date. The draft PTC minutes can be viewed online on the City’s website at
bit.ly/PaloAltoPTC.
ATTACHMENTS
There are no attachments.
AUTHOR/TITLE:
Veronica Dao, Administrative Associate
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