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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2023-09-13 Planning & Transportation Commission Agenda PacketPLANNING AND TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Regular Meeting Wednesday, September 13, 2023 Council Chambers & Hybrid 6:00 PM Pursuant to AB 361 Palo Alto City Council meetings will be held as “hybrid” meetings with the option to attend by teleconference/video conference or in person. To maximize public safety while still maintaining transparency and public access, members of the public can choose to participate from home or attend in person. Information on how the public may observe and participate in the meeting is located at the end of the agenda. Masks are strongly encouraged if attending in person. The meeting will be broadcast on Cable TV Channel 26, live on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/c/cityofpaloalto, and streamed to Midpen Media Center https://midpenmedia.org. Commissioner names, biographies, and archived agendas and minutes are available at http://bit.ly/PaloAltoPTC.  VIRTUAL PARTICIPATION CLICK HERE TO JOIN (https://cityofpaloalto.zoom.us/j/91641559499) Meeting ID: 916 4155 9499    Phone: 1(669)900‐6833 PUBLIC COMMENTS Public comments will be accepted both in person and via Zoom for up to three minutes or an amount of time determined by the Chair. All requests to speak will be taken until 5 minutes after the staff’s presentation. Written public comments can be submitted in advance to Planning.Commission@CityofPaloAlto.org and will be provided to the Commission and available for inspection on the City’s website. Please clearly indicate which agenda item you are referencing in your subject line. Spokespersons that are representing a group of five or more people who are identified as present at the meeting at the time of the spokesperson's presentation will be allowed up to fifteen (15) minutes at the discretion of the Chair, provided that the non‐speaking members agree not to speak individually. The Chair may limit Public Comments to thirty (30) minutes for all combined speakers. The Chair may reduce the allowed time to speak for Study Sessions and Action Items to two (2) minutes or less to accommodate a larger number of speakers. PowerPoints, videos, or other media to be presented during public comment are accepted only by email to Planning.Commission@CityofPaloAlto.org at least 24 hours prior to the meeting. Once received, the Clerk will have them shared at public comment for the specified item. To uphold strong cybersecurity management practices, USB’s or other physical electronic storage devices are not accepted. TIME ESTIMATES Listed times are estimates only and are subject to change at any time, including while the meeting is in progress. The Commission reserves the right to use more or less time on any item, to change the order of items and/or to continue items to another meeting. Particular items may be heard before or after the time estimated on the agenda. This may occur in order to best manage the time at a meeting or to adapt to the participation of the public. CALL TO ORDER/ ROLL CALL PUBLIC COMMENT  Members of the public may speak to any item NOT on the agenda. Three (3) minutes per speaker. AGENDA CHANGES, ADDITIONS AND DELETIONS The Chair or Board majority may modify the agenda order to improve meeting management. CITY OFFICIAL REPORTS 1.Director's Report, Meeting Schedule and Assignments STUDY SESSION Public Comment is Permitted. Three (3) minutes per speaker. 2.Study session on Amendments to the Land Use Element of the Palo Alto Comprehensive Plan and Palo Alto Municipal Code Title 18 (Zoning) to Implement Housing Element Programs 1.1A and 1.1B APPROVAL OF MINUTES Public Comment is Permitted. Three (3) minutes per speaker. 3.Approval of Planning & Transportation Commission Draft Verbatim Minutes of August 9, 2023 COMMISSIONER QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, ANNOUNCEMENTS OR FUTURE MEETINGS AND AGENDAS Members of the public may not speak to the item(s). ADJOURNMENT PUBLIC COMMENT INSTRUCTIONS Members of the Public may provide public comments to teleconference meetings via email, teleconference, or by phone. 1. Written public comments  m a y   b e   s u b m i t t e d   b y   e m a i l   t o planning.commission@cityofpaloalto.org. 2. Spoken public comments using a computer will be accepted through the teleconference meeting. To address the Commission, click on the link below to access a Zoom‐based meeting. Please read the following instructions carefully. You may download the Zoom client or connect to the meeting in‐ browser. If using your browser, make sure you are using a current, up‐to‐date browser: Chrome 30, Firefox 27, Microsoft Edge 12, Safari 7. Certain functionality may be disabled in older browsers including Internet Explorer. You may be asked to enter an email address and name. We request that you identify yourself by name as this will be visible online and will be used to notify you that it is your turn to speak. When you wish to speak on an Agenda Item, click on “raise hand.” The Clerk will activate and unmute speakers in turn. Speakers will be notified shortly before they are called to speak. When called, please limit your remarks to the time limit allotted. A timer will be shown on the computer to help keep track of your comments. 3. Spoken public comments using a smart phone will be accepted  through the teleconference meeting. To address the Commission, download the Zoom application onto your phone from the Apple App Store or Google Play Store and enter the Meeting ID below. Please follow the instructions above. 4. Spoken public comments using a phone use the telephone number listed below. When you wish to speak on an agenda item hit *9 on your phone so we know that you wish to speak. You will be asked to provide your first and last name before addressing the Commission. You will be advised how long you have to speak. When called please limit your remarks to the agenda item and time limit allotted. CLICK HERE TO JOIN    Meeting ID: 916 4155 9499   Phone:1‐669‐900‐6833  Americans with Disability Act (ADA) It is the policy of the City of Palo Alto to offer its public programs, services and meetings in a manner that is readily accessible to all. Persons with disabilities who require materials in an appropriate alternative format or who require auxiliary aids to access City meetings, programs, or services may contact the City’s ADA Coordinator at (650) 329‐2550 (voice) or by emailing ada@cityofpaloalto.org. Requests for assistance or accommodations must be submitted at least 24 hours in advance of the meeting, program, or service. PLANNING AND TRANSPORTATION COMMISSIONRegular MeetingWednesday, September 13, 2023Council Chambers & Hybrid6:00 PMPursuant to AB 361 Palo Alto City Council meetings will be held as “hybrid” meetings with theoption to attend by teleconference/video conference or in person. To maximize public safetywhile still maintaining transparency and public access, members of the public can choose toparticipate from home or attend in person. Information on how the public may observe andparticipate in the meeting is located at the end of the agenda. Masks are strongly encouraged ifattending in person. The meeting will be broadcast on Cable TV Channel 26, live onYouTube https://www.youtube.com/c/cityofpaloalto, and streamed to Midpen MediaCenter https://midpenmedia.org. Commissioner names, biographies, and archived agendas andminutes are available at http://bit.ly/PaloAltoPTC. VIRTUAL PARTICIPATION CLICK HERE TO JOIN (https://cityofpaloalto.zoom.us/j/91641559499)Meeting ID: 916 4155 9499    Phone: 1(669)900‐6833PUBLIC COMMENTSPublic comments will be accepted both in person and via Zoom for up to three minutes or anamount of time determined by the Chair. All requests to speak will be taken until 5 minutesafter the staff’s presentation. Written public comments can be submitted in advance toPlanning.Commission@CityofPaloAlto.org and will be provided to the Commission and availablefor inspection on the City’s website. Please clearly indicate which agenda item you arereferencing in your subject line.Spokespersons that are representing a group of five or more people who are identified aspresent at the meeting at the time of the spokesperson's presentation will be allowed up tofifteen (15) minutes at the discretion of the Chair, provided that the non‐speaking membersagree not to speak individually. The Chair may limit Public Comments to thirty (30) minutes forall combined speakers. The Chair may reduce the allowed time to speak for Study Sessions andAction Items to two (2) minutes or less to accommodate a larger number of speakers.PowerPoints, videos, or other media to be presented during public comment are accepted onlyby email to Planning.Commission@CityofPaloAlto.org at least 24 hours prior to the meeting.Once received, the Clerk will have them shared at public comment for the specified item. Touphold strong cybersecurity management practices, USB’s or other physical electronic storagedevices are not accepted.TIME ESTIMATES Listed times are estimates only and are subject to change at any time, including while the meeting is in progress. The Commission reserves the right to use more or less time on any item, to change the order of items and/or to continue items to another meeting. Particular items may be heard before or after the time estimated on the agenda. This may occur in order to best manage the time at a meeting or to adapt to the participation of the public. CALL TO ORDER/ ROLL CALL PUBLIC COMMENT  Members of the public may speak to any item NOT on the agenda. Three (3) minutes per speaker. AGENDA CHANGES, ADDITIONS AND DELETIONS The Chair or Board majority may modify the agenda order to improve meeting management. CITY OFFICIAL REPORTS 1.Director's Report, Meeting Schedule and Assignments STUDY SESSION Public Comment is Permitted. Three (3) minutes per speaker. 2.Study session on Amendments to the Land Use Element of the Palo Alto Comprehensive Plan and Palo Alto Municipal Code Title 18 (Zoning) to Implement Housing Element Programs 1.1A and 1.1B APPROVAL OF MINUTES Public Comment is Permitted. Three (3) minutes per speaker. 3.Approval of Planning & Transportation Commission Draft Verbatim Minutes of August 9, 2023 COMMISSIONER QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, ANNOUNCEMENTS OR FUTURE MEETINGS AND AGENDAS Members of the public may not speak to the item(s). ADJOURNMENT PUBLIC COMMENT INSTRUCTIONS Members of the Public may provide public comments to teleconference meetings via email, teleconference, or by phone. 1. Written public comments  m a y   b e   s u b m i t t e d   b y   e m a i l   t o planning.commission@cityofpaloalto.org. 2. Spoken public comments using a computer will be accepted through the teleconference meeting. To address the Commission, click on the link below to access a Zoom‐based meeting. Please read the following instructions carefully. You may download the Zoom client or connect to the meeting in‐ browser. If using your browser, make sure you are using a current, up‐to‐date browser: Chrome 30, Firefox 27, Microsoft Edge 12, Safari 7. Certain functionality may be disabled in older browsers including Internet Explorer. You may be asked to enter an email address and name. We request that you identify yourself by name as this will be visible online and will be used to notify you that it is your turn to speak. When you wish to speak on an Agenda Item, click on “raise hand.” The Clerk will activate and unmute speakers in turn. Speakers will be notified shortly before they are called to speak. When called, please limit your remarks to the time limit allotted. A timer will be shown on the computer to help keep track of your comments. 3. Spoken public comments using a smart phone will be accepted  through the teleconference meeting. To address the Commission, download the Zoom application onto your phone from the Apple App Store or Google Play Store and enter the Meeting ID below. Please follow the instructions above. 4. Spoken public comments using a phone use the telephone number listed below. When you wish to speak on an agenda item hit *9 on your phone so we know that you wish to speak. You will be asked to provide your first and last name before addressing the Commission. You will be advised how long you have to speak. When called please limit your remarks to the agenda item and time limit allotted. CLICK HERE TO JOIN    Meeting ID: 916 4155 9499   Phone:1‐669‐900‐6833  Americans with Disability Act (ADA) It is the policy of the City of Palo Alto to offer its public programs, services and meetings in a manner that is readily accessible to all. Persons with disabilities who require materials in an appropriate alternative format or who require auxiliary aids to access City meetings, programs, or services may contact the City’s ADA Coordinator at (650) 329‐2550 (voice) or by emailing ada@cityofpaloalto.org. Requests for assistance or accommodations must be submitted at least 24 hours in advance of the meeting, program, or service. PLANNING AND TRANSPORTATION COMMISSIONRegular MeetingWednesday, September 13, 2023Council Chambers & Hybrid6:00 PMPursuant to AB 361 Palo Alto City Council meetings will be held as “hybrid” meetings with theoption to attend by teleconference/video conference or in person. To maximize public safetywhile still maintaining transparency and public access, members of the public can choose toparticipate from home or attend in person. Information on how the public may observe andparticipate in the meeting is located at the end of the agenda. Masks are strongly encouraged ifattending in person. The meeting will be broadcast on Cable TV Channel 26, live onYouTube https://www.youtube.com/c/cityofpaloalto, and streamed to Midpen MediaCenter https://midpenmedia.org. Commissioner names, biographies, and archived agendas andminutes are available at http://bit.ly/PaloAltoPTC. VIRTUAL PARTICIPATION CLICK HERE TO JOIN (https://cityofpaloalto.zoom.us/j/91641559499)Meeting ID: 916 4155 9499    Phone: 1(669)900‐6833PUBLIC COMMENTSPublic comments will be accepted both in person and via Zoom for up to three minutes or anamount of time determined by the Chair. All requests to speak will be taken until 5 minutesafter the staff’s presentation. Written public comments can be submitted in advance toPlanning.Commission@CityofPaloAlto.org and will be provided to the Commission and availablefor inspection on the City’s website. Please clearly indicate which agenda item you arereferencing in your subject line.Spokespersons that are representing a group of five or more people who are identified aspresent at the meeting at the time of the spokesperson's presentation will be allowed up tofifteen (15) minutes at the discretion of the Chair, provided that the non‐speaking membersagree not to speak individually. The Chair may limit Public Comments to thirty (30) minutes forall combined speakers. The Chair may reduce the allowed time to speak for Study Sessions andAction Items to two (2) minutes or less to accommodate a larger number of speakers.PowerPoints, videos, or other media to be presented during public comment are accepted onlyby email to Planning.Commission@CityofPaloAlto.org at least 24 hours prior to the meeting.Once received, the Clerk will have them shared at public comment for the specified item. Touphold strong cybersecurity management practices, USB’s or other physical electronic storagedevices are not accepted.TIME ESTIMATESListed times are estimates only and are subject to change at any time, including while themeeting is in progress. The Commission reserves the right to use more or less time on any item,to change the order of items and/or to continue items to another meeting. Particular items maybe heard before or after the time estimated on the agenda. This may occur in order to bestmanage the time at a meeting or to adapt to the participation of the public.CALL TO ORDER/ ROLL CALLPUBLIC COMMENT Members of the public may speak to any item NOT on the agenda. Three (3) minutes per speaker.AGENDA CHANGES, ADDITIONS AND DELETIONSThe Chair or Board majority may modify the agenda order to improve meeting management.CITY OFFICIAL REPORTS1.Director's Report, Meeting Schedule and AssignmentsSTUDY SESSIONPublic Comment is Permitted. Three (3) minutes per speaker.2.Study session on Amendments to the Land Use Element of the Palo Alto ComprehensivePlan and Palo Alto Municipal Code Title 18 (Zoning) to Implement Housing ElementPrograms 1.1A and 1.1BAPPROVAL OF MINUTESPublic Comment is Permitted. Three (3) minutes per speaker.3.Approval of Planning & Transportation Commission Draft Verbatim Minutes of August 9,2023COMMISSIONER QUESTIONS, COMMENTS, ANNOUNCEMENTS OR FUTURE MEETINGS ANDAGENDAS Members of the public may not speak to the item(s). ADJOURNMENT PUBLIC COMMENT INSTRUCTIONS Members of the Public may provide public comments to teleconference meetings via email, teleconference, or by phone. 1. Written public comments  m a y   b e   s u b m i t t e d   b y   e m a i l   t o planning.commission@cityofpaloalto.org. 2. Spoken public comments using a computer will be accepted through the teleconference meeting. To address the Commission, click on the link below to access a Zoom‐based meeting. Please read the following instructions carefully. You may download the Zoom client or connect to the meeting in‐ browser. If using your browser, make sure you are using a current, up‐to‐date browser: Chrome 30, Firefox 27, Microsoft Edge 12, Safari 7. Certain functionality may be disabled in older browsers including Internet Explorer. You may be asked to enter an email address and name. We request that you identify yourself by name as this will be visible online and will be used to notify you that it is your turn to speak. When you wish to speak on an Agenda Item, click on “raise hand.” The Clerk will activate and unmute speakers in turn. Speakers will be notified shortly before they are called to speak. When called, please limit your remarks to the time limit allotted. A timer will be shown on the computer to help keep track of your comments. 3. Spoken public comments using a smart phone will be accepted  through the teleconference meeting. To address the Commission, download the Zoom application onto your phone from the Apple App Store or Google Play Store and enter the Meeting ID below. Please follow the instructions above. 4. Spoken public comments using a phone use the telephone number listed below. When you wish to speak on an agenda item hit *9 on your phone so we know that you wish to speak. You will be asked to provide your first and last name before addressing the Commission. You will be advised how long you have to speak. When called please limit your remarks to the agenda item and time limit allotted. CLICK HERE TO JOIN    Meeting ID: 916 4155 9499   Phone:1‐669‐900‐6833  Americans with Disability Act (ADA) It is the policy of the City of Palo Alto to offer its public programs, services and meetings in a manner that is readily accessible to all. Persons with disabilities who require materials in an appropriate alternative format or who require auxiliary aids to access City meetings, programs, or services may contact the City’s ADA Coordinator at (650) 329‐2550 (voice) or by emailing ada@cityofpaloalto.org. Requests for assistance or accommodations must be submitted at least 24 hours in advance of the meeting, program, or service. Item No. 1. Page 1 of 2 Planning & Transportation Commission Staff Report From: Jonathan Lait, Planning and Development Services Director Lead Department: Planning and Development Services Meeting Date: September 13, 2023 Report #: 2308-1892 TITLE Director's Report, Meeting Schedule and Assignments RECOMMENDATION Staff recommends that the Planning and Transportation Commission (PTC) review and comment as appropriate. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This document includes the following items: · PTC Meeting Schedule · PTC Representative to City Council (Rotational Assignments) · Upcoming PTC Agenda Items Commissioners are encouraged to contact Veronica Dao (Veronica.Dao@CityofPaloAlto.org) to notify staff of any planned absences one month in advance, if possible, to ensure the availability of a PTC quorum. PTC Representative to City Council is a rotational assignment where the designated commissioner represents the PTC’s affirmative and dissenting perspectives to Council for quasijudicial and legislative matters. Representatives are encouraged to review the City Council agendas (https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/City-Hall/City-Council/Council-Agendas-Minutes) for the months of their respective assignments to verify if attendance is needed or contact staff. Prior PTC meetings are available online at https://midpenmedia.org/category/government/city- of-palo-alto/boards-and-commissions/planning-and-transportation-commission. UPCOMING PTC MEETINGS September 27: •No action items are scheduled Item 1 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 4     Item No. 1. Page 2 of 2 October 11: •Recommendation on a Resolution Amending the Land Use Element of the Palo Alto Comprehensive Plan and an Ordinance Amending Title 18 (Zoning) to Implement Housing Element Programs 1.1A and 1.1B •Safe Streets for All (SS4A) Action Plan & Safe Systems Approach Introduction October 25: •Study Session to Review the Draft North Ventura Coordinated Area Plan ATTACHMENTS Attachment A: 2023 Meeting Schedule and Assignments AUTHOR/TITLE: Veronica Dao, Administrative Associate Item 1 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 5     Planning & Transportation Commission 2023 Meeting Schedule & Assignments 2 2 7 0 2023 Schedule Meeting Dates Time Location Status Planned Absences 1/11/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Cancelled 1/25/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Cancelled 2/08/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular 2/22/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular 3/08/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular 3/29/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular 4/12/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Cancelled Bryna Chang 4/26/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular Bart Hechtman 5/08/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Joint Session w/ Council 5/10/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular 5/31/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular 6/14/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular Bart Hechtman 6/28/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular Bryna Chang 7/12/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular Bart Hechtman 7/26/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular George Lu 8/09/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular 8/30/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular 9/13/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular 9/27/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular 10/11/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular 10/25/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular 11/08/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular 11/29/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular 12/13/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Regular 12/27/2023 6:00 PM Hybrid Cancelled 2023 Assignments - Council Representation (primary/backup) January February March April May June Cari Templeton Giselle Roohparvar Giselle Roohparvar Keith Reckdahl Bart Hechtman Doria Summa Doria Summa Bryna Chang Bryna Chang Keith Reckdahl Keith Reckdahl Bart Hechtman July August September October November December Cari Templeton Allen Akin Bart Hechtman George Lu Doria Summa Keith Reckdahl Bryna Chang Cari Templeton Allen Akin Bart Hechtman George Lu Doria Summa Item 1 Attachment A PTC 2023 Schedule & Assignments     Packet Pg. 6     Item No. 2. Page 1 of 14 Planning & Transportation Commission Staff Report From: Jonathan Lait, Planning and Development Services Director Lead Department: Planning and Development Services Meeting Date: September 13, 2023 Report #: 2309-1981 TITLE Study Session on Amendments to the Land Use Element of the Palo Alto Comprehensive Plan and Palo Alto Municipal Code Title 18 (Zoning) to Implement Housing Element Programs 1.1A and 1.1B RECOMMENDATION Staff recommends that the Planning & Transportation Commission (PTC) hold a study session to discuss implementation of the 2023-2031 Housing Element Programs 1.1A and 1.1B, including: 1. Amendments to the Palo Alto Comprehensive Plan Land Use Element (Attachment A) 2. Amendments to Title 18 (Zoning) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code (PAMC) (Attachment B) EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Program 1.1 in the recently adopted Housing Element necessitates certain amendments to the Land Use Element of the Comprehensive Plan and Zoning Ordinance. The proposed zoning amendments include a new chapter in Title 18 to consolidate existing and proposed housing incentive programs. Consistent with Program 1.1, the proposed zoning amendments rezone certain Housing Element opportunity sites to modify densities and other development standards that support multifamily housing at capacities identified in the Housing Element. In this way, these amendments would facilitate housing production, meet the regional housing needs allocation (RHNA), and affirmatively further fair housing (AFFH). According to Housing Element Law, the rezonings in Program 1.1A to meet the RHNA must be completed within one year of the required Housing Element adoption date (i.e., by January 31, 2024). According to the adopted Housing Element, the City is also committed to completing Program 1.1B (GM and ROLM rezonings) by January 31, 2024. Item 2 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 7     Item No. 2. Page 2 of 14 Attachment A represents amendments to the Land Use Element of the Comprehensive Plan to update floor area ratio (FAR) ranges and ensure consistency with the Housing Element and the Zoning Ordinance. Amendments are shown as annotations in the margin. Attachment B represents amendments to Title 18 in the form of a new chapter, 18.14: Housing Incentives and revisions to base district regulations. Changes include rezonings to allow multifamily housing as a permitted use, increases in residential density/FAR and modifications to other development standards, as specified in the Housing Element to meet the RHNA and sites inventory estimates. These proposed amendments necessitate changes to base district regulations in existing zoning chapters; these changes are shown in underline/strikeout. BACKGROUND On May 8, 2023, at a joint public hearing, the PTC recommended that the City Council adopt-- and subsequently the City Council adopted -- the 2023-2031 Housing Element. The Element aims to implement State Housing Element law, including meeting the RHNA and fulfilling AFFH objectives. More information about the Housing Element can be found at the project website: www.paloaltohousingelement.com. Program 1.1 represents the City’s rezoning program to meet the "Adequate Sites Inventory” required under State law and is excerpted in Attachment C. This program necessitates amendments to the Zoning Ordinance to modify density and other development standards. These rezonings must accommodate multifamily housing at the capacity levels prescribed in the Housing Element. In summary, Program 1.1 requires the following zoning amendments on Housing Element opportunity sites: •Rezoning of the R-1, ROLM, RP, GM, and PF districts to allow multiple-family housing as a permitted use Up-zonings to increase residential densities and/or FARs, including on Stanford Lands •Modifications to other development standards to ensure that development is feasible at current and planned densities (e.g., landscape coverage) •Statutory requirements that residential uses occupy at least 50 percent of the total floor area of a mixed-use project within a mixed-use PROJECT DESCRIPTION Comprehensive Plan Amendments The recently adopted Housing Element of the Palo Alto Comprehensive Plan identifies planned changes to uses and densities that will need to be updated in the Land Use Element of the Comprehensive Plan to ensure consistency between the Comprehensive Plan and the proposed zoning. Attachment A annotates proposed amendments to the Land Use Element of the Comprehensive Plan to update FAR ranges, consistent with the Housing Element and proposed changes to the Zoning Ordinance. All of the land use designations that support Housing Element Item 2 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 8     Item No. 2. Page 3 of 14 opportunity sites already allow multifamily housing as a permitted use; therefore, no use changes are required in the Comprehensive Plan. Zoning Ordinance Amendments The rezonings in Program 1.1A to meet the RHNA must be completed within one year of the required Housing Element adoption date (i.e., by January 31, 2024). According to the adopted Housing Element, the City is also committed to completing Program 1.1B (GM and ROLM rezonings) by January 31, 2024. Attachment B aims to codify Program 1.1A and 1.1B in the Zoning Ordinance. It also consolidates a range of housing programs that will support implementation of the Housing Element into a single chapter. Section 18.14.020: Housing Opportunity Sites This section modifies base district development standards on Housing Element opportunity sites. Regulations for these sites are those specified in the base district regulations, except as modified by this proposed chapter. In zones that regulate residential density, primarily the RM zones, these modifications increase maximum residential density limits consistent with Appendix D of the Housing Element. All zoning districts regulate FAR, so amendments also modify FAR limits. In zones that do not currently specify a maximum residential density, FAR acts as a proxy for residential densities stated in Appendix D. This section also modifies other development standards that were identified as constraints to development in Chapter 4 of the Housing Element (see excerpt in Attachment D). For most districts, this includes modifications to the landscape coverage standard which generally requires landscape planting on the ground-floor. As stated in the adopted Housing Element, despite the well-meaning value of enabling trees, shrubs and groundcover, this often represents a constraint to development by shrinking the building footprint. Therefore, proposed modifications to this standard allow it to be met above the ground-floor, permitting a larger building footprint, while still enabling planted areas for residents. In the employment districts (i.e., ROLM, GM, RP), the Housing Element specifies much higher densities compared to what the existing base district regulations allow. As a result, the Housing Element identified additional standards that would represent constraints to development (see Attachment D excerpt) at higher densities. The zoning amendments therefore modify standards for lot coverage, parking, and building height, in addition to increasing FAR and reducing landscape coverage requirements. Finally, the draft ordinance will contain specific development standards to apply to three sites owned by Stanford University. City staff are still formalizing these specific standards which will be shared at a future meeting. Item 2 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 9     Item No. 2. Page 4 of 14 Section 18.14.030: Housing Incentive Program (HIP) This section is a placeholder location to consolidate regulations pursuant to the existing HIP and amendments proposed as part of Program 3.4 of the Housing Element. This ordinance does not include changes to the HIP at this time. Section 18.14.040: Affordable Housing Incentive Program (AHIP) This section is a placeholder location to relocate existing 18.32 AHIP regulations into this consolidated chapter of housing incentives. This ordinance does not include amendments to this program at this time. Base Districts The ordinance amends several of the base zoning districts for two main purposes: (1) To allow multifamily as a permitted use on Housing Element opportunity sites, where otherwise not allowed; and (2) To provide a cross-reference to modified development standards for opportunity sites in the new Section 18.14.040. ANALYSIS This report accepts at face value the analysis completed as part of the Housing Element to verify whether permitted densities are physically feasible. That analysis looked at the combination of land use regulations, such as building height, density, and parking, and revealed certain constraints in the relationship between various standards, including density/FAR and landscape coverage in certain districts. (Notably, Housing Element law does not require an analysis of financial feasibility with respect to the permitted densities identified in the Sites Inventory.) This analysis is excerpt in Attachment D, and an example site test for the CN District is provided in Figure 1. Figure 1: Example Site Test (CN District) The FAR, building height and ground-floor landscape requirement are the key standards that drive this site test. The model is able to achieve 33 du/ac by designing underground parking. Item 2 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 10     Item No. 2. Page 5 of 14 Increasing FAR and modifying the landscape standard to allow for above-ground open space improve the site plan and unit yields while still retaining the 35-foot height limit. Source: Adopted Housing Element (June 2023), Lexington Planning, Urban Field Studio, 2023. This report analyzes the next step in determining specific zoning changes, including how residential densities in the Housing Element are translated into FARs, and the relationship between FAR, lot coverage, building height, and residential density to determine other necessary changes to zoning regulations. Determining Residential Density vs. FAR The Housing Element specifies “realistic capacity” based on a residential density factor, expressed as dwelling units per acre (du/ac). However, not all zoning districts regulate residential density as a standard. Therefore, the ordinance generally regulates density through FAR limits. This section explores this relationship and how staff and consultants came to proposed FAR values. As shown in Figure 2, residential density can be an imperfect metric to predict a project’s massing and unit count. FAR values can be more easily illustrated and compared between projects to demonstrate the relationship between total floor area and the site area, and the resulting massing. Item 2 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 11     Item No. 2. Page 6 of 14 Figure 2: Residential Density vs. FAR Residential Density Floor Area Ratio (FAR) Hypothetical 1-Acre Project Senior Housing Student Housing •100 units •Studios/1-Bed •100 bedrooms = 100 units/acre •20 units •5-Bed suites •100 bedrooms = 20 units/acre Residential density values vary based on the number of units and do not reflect the unit size or number of bedrooms in each unit. Equal FAR values can appear as very different massing and height configurations but are independent of unit count and bedroom sizes. Source: City of Seattle Land Use Code (image), Lexington Planning, 2023. The Housing Element site tests excerpted in Attachment D helped further reveal the relationship between residential density and FAR, allowing staff and consultants to identify appropriate FARs based on site conditions and other development standards in Palo Alto specifically.1 Figure 3 further illustrates various configurations of the same FAR, by layering in lot coverage and building height. The illustrations reveal effects on the ground plane, including why ground-level landscaping is difficult to achieve as FAR intensity increases and which standards accommodate surface parking vs. structured parking. 1 Architects at Urban Field Studio and planners at Lexington Planning prepared and analyzed physical feasibility models contained in the Housing Element. Item 2 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 12     Item No. 2. Page 7 of 14 Figure 3: Massing Study: Relationship Between Lot Coverage, FAR and Building Height Source: Urban Field Studio, 2023. Regulating Maximum Residential Density vs. Regulating Maximum FAR In some cases, the Housing Element sites inventory identifies an increase in permitted residential density: for example, by allowing 40 or 50 du/ac on an RM-30 site that is otherwise capped at 30 du/ac. In other cases, the sites inventory uses development standards, like FAR, to calculate realistic capacity of 50 du/ac where no maximum density standard exists, such as in the CD-C zoning district. While this ordinance includes a change in residential density for the former example, it does not include changes for the latter example, because applying a 50 du/ac limit could serve to potentially constrain otherwise allowable development. The choice between regulation of unit count vs. building mass is further highlighted by recent developments in developer use of State Density Bonus Law. Several recent applications to the City have asserted that the City’s physical development standards must be waived under Density Bonus Law so long as the proposed project is complying with the maximum density established in City code. In zones where the City does not prescribe a maximum density, however, State law provides that standards like FAR may stand in for density and need not be waived. Item 2 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 13     Item No. 2. Page 8 of 14 How Changes to Residential Density and Development Standards are Applied to Housing Opportunity Sites Table 1 summarizes proposed changes to the standards for density, intensity, and landscape coverage in the residential and commercial mixed-use districts. In terms of FAR, as a baseline, the draft ordinance allows at least 1.25:1 FAR, which generally accommodates three stories of development with fairly low lot coverages of 45%, as shown in Figure 3. Notably, 1.25:1 FAR is currently the minimum standard required under State law for small projects with 8-10 units and is codified accordingly in the City’s RM districts. From this baseline, FARs range up to 2:1 in Downtown (CD-C) and 2.5:1 in the GM/ROLM areas shown in the West Bayshore area (see Figure 4 below). Maximum density standards, if they are proposed for change at all, are as specified in the Housing Element. Landscape coverage is generally revised to allow applicants to meet the standard on upper stories, such as a podium courtyard. Table 1: Proposed Zoning Changes (Residential and Commercial Mixed Use Districts) Maximum FAR Maximum Landscape Coverage Maximum Density (du/ac) Zoning Existing Proposed Existing Proposed Existing Proposed CC(2) Residential: 1.25 (8-10 units) 1.0 (3-7 units) 0.6 (other) Total: 2.0 Residential: 1.5 Total: 2.0 20% Allow above the ground- floor None None CC Residential: 1.25 (8-10 units) 1.0 (3-7 units) 0.15 (other) Total: 1.0 Residential: 1.25 Total: 1.25 30% Allow above the ground- floor None None CS (El Camino) None None CS (Other) Residential: 1.25 (8-10 units) 1.0 (3-7 units) 0.6 (other) Total: 1.0 Residential: 1.25 Total: 1.25 30% Allow above the ground- floor 30 30-40 Item 2 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 14     Item No. 2. Page 9 of 14 CN (El Camino Real) Residential: 1.25 (8-10 units) 1.0 (3-7 units) 0.5 (other) Total: 1.0-1.25 None None CN (Other) Residential: 1.25 (8-10 units) 1.0 (3-7 units) 0.5 (other) Total: 0.9-1.25 Residential: 1.25 Total: 1.25 35% 30% Allow above the ground- floor 15-20 30-40 CD-C Residential: 1.25 (8-10 units) 1.0 (3-7 units) 1.0 (other) Total: 2.0 (3.0 w/ TDR) Residential: 2.0 Total: 2.0 (3.0 w/ TDR) 20% Allow above the ground- floor None None CD-N Residential 1.25 (8-10 units) 1.0 (3-7 units) 0.5 (other) Total: 0.9-1.25 (2.0 w/TDR) Residential: 1.5 Total: 1.5 35% Allow above the ground- floor 50 50 RM-40 Residential: 1.25 (8-10 units) 1.0 (3-7 units) 1.0 (other) 1.5 20% Allow above the ground- floor 40 40-50 RM-30 Residential: 1.25 (8-10 units) 1.0 (3-7 units) 0.6 (other) 1.25 30% Allow above the ground- floor 30 30-50 Item 2 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 15     Item No. 2. Page 10 of 14 RM-20 Residential: 1.25 (8-10 units) 1.0 (3-7 units) 0.5 (other) 1.25 35%No change 20 20-50 PF (Cal. Ave.) See CC(2) standards above See CC(2) standards above See CC(2) standards above PF (Downtown) None See CD(C) standards above None See CD(C) standards above None See CD(C) standards above The higher densities approved for the employment districts necessitate other modifications to development standards. These are specified in the Housing Element excerpt in Attachment D and proposed to be codified as shown in Table 2. This results in taller height limits, increased lot coverage and landscape coverage requirements, and reduced parking requirements, in addition to changes to FAR limits. Note that the Housing Element calls for higher densities in the GM/ ROLM district in the West Bayshore area (see Figure 4 below). Table 2: Proposed Zoning Changes (Employment Districts) Zoning Maximum FAR Maximum Landscape Coverage Maximum Lot Coverage Maximum Density (du/ac) Max. Height Minimum Residential Parking Ratios GM Residential: N/A Total: 0.5 None None None 50 N/A ROLM Residential: 1.25 (8-10 units) 1.0 (3-7 units) 0.6 (other) Total: 1.0-1.25 30%40%30 35 E X I S T I N G RP Residential: 1.25 (8-10 units) 1.0 (3-7 units) 0.5 (other)35%35%None 30 1 per studio/1- bed; 2.0 per 2+ bed Item 2 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 16     Item No. 2. Page 11 of 14 Total: 0.5-1.25 GM (Fig. 4)2.5 20% above the ground- floor 70% None; 90 anticipated (1)60 1 per studio/1-bed; 1.5 per 2+ bed GM (Other)1.5 30% above the ground- floor 70%40-50 No change No change ROLM (Fig. 4)2.5 20% above the ground- floor 70% None; 90 anticipated (1)60 1 per studio/1-bed; 1.5 per 2+ bed ROLM (Other)1.5 above the ground-floor 70% None; 50 anticipated (1)45 No change P R O P O S E D RP 1.25 above the ground-floor No change None; 40 anticipated (1) No change No change 1. These sites do not provide a maximum density in terms of du/ac; however, anticipated densities have been determined by estimating the realistic development capacity of the site based on the objective development standards applicable to the project. Item 2 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 17     Item No. 2. Page 12 of 14 Figure 4: GM/ROLM Housing Element Focus Area Benefits and Drawbacks of New Chapter Consolidating housing incentive opportunities in a new chapter has benefits and drawbacks. On the one hand, it makes clear to decision-makers, community members, and the State Department of Housing & Community Development (HCD) where to find the City’s regulations for implementing Housing Element programs. It prevents staff from needing to make lots of redline amendments to development standards within base zoning district regulations that could create confusion for applicants, City staff, and decision-makers when reviewing projects. On the other hand, this new chapter adds complexity to the Zoning Ordinance. It requires City staff and applicants to look in multiple places—the base zoning district, the new Chapter 18.14, and the Housing Element sites inventory—to determine which regulations apply. Creating this Item 2 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 18     Item No. 2. Page 13 of 14 stand-alone chapter allows for a narrow application of these standards to the set of sites specified in Appendix D of the Housing Element (i.e., sites identified for rezoning). It does not apply to other Housing Element opportunity sites (I.e., sites not identified for rezoning) or to sites that allow housing but are not listed on the Sites Inventory. This narrow application is consistent with Housing Element Program 1.1 but would create different standards for sites that share the same zoning designation. One option that the PTC could consider is allowing these zoning modifications to apply more broadly to the zoning district as a whole. Since the Housing Element sites represent the most viable housing sites for development, at least within the next 8 years, the potential implications may not be significant. Notably, raising the base density for the district as a whole could have implications for the use of State Density Bonus Law. It would effectively raise the “floor” upon which density bonuses are calculated. On the one hand, this would generate more below- market rate housing units within a State Density Bonus Law-compliant project, but would also allow additional density bonus, which could result in taller and larger buildings than are currently permitted by the Zoning Ordinance. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT Preparation of the Housing Element included a range of community outreach methods, including surveys, Working Group meetings, community workshops, and public hearings. Hundreds of community members have participated in the Housing Element update over the course of the project. To announce the release of the Public Review draft, an email blast was sent to over 400 recipients with information about the Public Review draft release. Meetings included a November 16, 2022 Community Meeting, a November 28, 2022 joint City Council/PTC meeting, a March 8, 2023 PTC hearing, and the May 8, 2023 joint City Council/PTC hearing. The City’s Housing Element website, www.paloaltohousingelement.com, serves as the library for draft and final documents, past and upcoming meetings. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW Consultants prepared an Addendum to the Comprehensive Plan Environmental Impact Report (EIR) to analyze the potential environmental impacts of the 2023-2031 Draft Housing Element. This includes the implementation of Program 1.1 and the associated increase in housing production including and beyond what was projected by the RHNA and Housing Element sites inventory. ATTACHMENTS Attachment A: Amendments to the Land Use Element of the Comprehensive Plan Attachment B: Amendments to Title 18 to Implement Housing Element Program 1.1 Attachment C: Housing Element Program 1.1: Adequate Sites Inventory Item 2 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 19     Item No. 2. Page 14 of 14 Attachment D: Excerpt from Chapter 4 of the Adopted Housing Element AUTHOR/TITLE: Jean Eisberg, Consultant Item 2 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 20     2LAN D U SE AND CO MMUN ITY DESIG N VISION: Palo Alto’s land use decisions shall balance our future growth needs with the preservation of our neighborhoods, address climate protection priorities through sustainable development near neighborhood services and enhance the quality of life of all neighborhoods. L. INTRODUCTION The Land Use and Community Design Element sets the foundation for future preservation, growth and change in Palo Alto and serves as the blueprint for the development of public and private property in the city. It includes policies and programs intended to balance natural resources with future community needs in a way that makes optimal use of available land, to create attractive buildings and public spaces that reinforce Palo Alto’s sense of place and community, to preserve and enhance quality of life in Palo Alto neighborhoods, to support thriving commercial areas that meet the needs of local residents, and to maintain Palo Alto's role in the success of the surrounding region. This Element meets the State-mandated requirements for a Land Use Element. It defines categories for the location and type of public and privates uses of land under the City's jurisdiction; it recommends standards for population density and building intensity on land covered by the Comprehensive Plan; and it includes a Land Use Map (Map L-6) and Goals, Policies and Programs to guide land use distribution in the city. By satisfying these requirements, the Land Use and Community Design Element lays out the basic guidelines and standards upon which all of the other Comprehensive Plan elements rely and build. Other elements of the Plan correspond with the land use categories and policy direction contained in this Element, while providing more specialized guidance focused on particular topics, such as transportation or conservation. 11 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 21     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T CONNECTIONS TO OTHER ELEMENTS The Land Use and Community Design Element is replete with direct connections to all of the other elements of the Comprehensive Plan. Its guidance for land uses is strongly linked to the Housing Element’s prescriptions for residential development, even though the Housing Element is cyclically updated on a separate State- mandated timetable. The inextricable tie between land use and transportation is clearly apparent both in this Element and the Transportation Element, as the co- location of land uses significantly affects the ability of transit, walking and biking to replace vehicle travel, in addition to capitalizing on the presence of rail service in Palo Alto. The success of programs in the Natural Environment and Safety Elements are largely dependent on land uses decisions that protect the environment as well as people and property. The Land Use Element dovetails with both the quality of life initiatives in the Community Services and Facilities Element, and the prosperity objectives of the Business and Economics Element. PLANNING CONTEXT N ATURAL E NVIRONMENT With a backdrop sweeping from forested hills to the Bay, Palo Alto is framed by natural beauty. Views of the foothills contribute a sense of enclosure and a reminder of the close proximity of open space and nature. Views of the baylands provide a strong connection to the marine environment and the East Bay hills. Together with the city’s marshland, salt ponds, sloughs, creeks and riparian corridors, these natural resources, clearly visible in the aerial photograph in Map L-1, are a major defining feature of Palo Alto’s character. Preserving the city’s attractive and valuable natural features is important for a number of reasons. Ecologically, these areas provide key habitat for wildlife, create a buffer from developed areas and act as a natural filtration system for storm water runoff. For the community, they represent an important facet of the look and feel of Palo Alto, contributing to a sense of place both through direct public access to natural areas and the views that establish Palo Alto’s local scenic routes. 12 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 22     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E S A N F R A N C I S C O B A YRedwood City East Palo Alto Atherton £¤ 101Menlo Park Stanford University PALO ALTO §¨¦280 Stanford Lands Mountain View Los AltosLos Altos Hills ·|}þ 85 §¨¦280 Sunnyvale Railroads City Boundary Sphere of Influence,0 1 2 Miles Source: City of Palo Alto, 2013; ESRI, 2016; PlaceWorks, 2016. M A P L - 1 P A L O A L T O A E R I A L V I E W Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 23     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T R EGIONAL P LANNING Palo Alto cooperates with numerous regional partners on a range of issues of common interest. Regional planning partners include the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) and other State agencies, Metropolitan Transportation Commission and Association of Bay Area Governments, Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority, San Mateo County Transit District, Santa Clara County, San Mateo County and neighboring cities. The City of Palo Alto works together with the cities of East Palo Alto and Menlo Park on a variety of shared programs relating to economic development, social services, education, public safety and housing. Palo Alto also works with Mountain View, Los Altos and Los Altos Hills on joint ventures such as fire protection and water quality control. In addition, Palo Alto elected officials and staff participate in numerous countywide and regional planning efforts, including via both advisory and decision-making boards and commissions. Palo Alto also maintains a strong relationship with Stanford University. Although the campus lies outside of the city limits, as shown in Map L-2, important Stanford- owned lands are within Palo Alto, including Stanford Shopping Center, Stanford Research Park and the Stanford University Medical Center. The City, Santa Clara County and Stanford maintain an inter-jurisdictional agreement regarding development on unincorporated Stanford lands and collaborate on selected land use and transportation projects. CITY EVOLUTION E ARLY H ISTORY There is evidence in the archaeological record of people living along San Francisquito Creek as far back as 4000 BC, and the first widely recognized inhabitants are the Costanoan people starting in about 1500 BC. The Costanoan are Ohlone- speaking Native Americans who lived near the water from San Francisco Bay to Carmel. Costanoan and earlier artifacts have been identified in the city, particularly along the banks of San Francisquito Creek. Preservation of these resources is a high priority for the City and essential to defining the character of the community. 14 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 24     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E S A N F R A N C I S C O B A YRedwood City East Palo Alto Atherton £¤ 101Menlo Park Stanford University §¨¦280 Stanford Lands Mountain View^_ Los AltosLos Altos Hills ·|þ} 85 §¨¦280 Sunnyvale City Limit Sphere of Influence Stanford Academic Growth Boundary Railroads^_Potential Future School Site Stanford University Land Use Designations Academic Campus Campus Residential - Low Density Campus Residential - Moderate Density Open Space and Field Research Campus Open Space Special Conservation Lake/Reservoir Urban Service Boundary |! Caltrain Stations012 Miles Source: City of Palo Alto, 2013; USGS, 2010; NHD 2013; ESRI, 2010; Tiger Lines, 2010; Stanford University, 2000; PlaceWorks, 2014. M A P L - 2 S P H E R E O F I N F L U E N C E , U R B A N S E R V I C E A R E A , A N D S T A N F O R D U N I V E R S I T Y L A N D S Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 25     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T CITY D EVELOPMENT From its earliest days, Palo Alto has been a world-class center of knowledge and innovation. The city incorporated in 1894 on land purchased with the specific intent of serving the newly established Stanford University. Originally centered on University Avenue, Palo Alto grew south and east, incorporating the older town of Mayfield and its California Avenue district in 1925. By the 1970s, the city had almost doubled in size, stretching into the foothills and south to Mountain View, with commercial centers along Middlefield Road in Midtown and El Camino Real through formerly unincorporated Barron Park, and research and development areas at the city’s outskirts. Today, Palo Alto covers almost 26 square miles (16,627 acres) of land, about a third of which is open space, including 34 city-owned parks and 1,700 acres of protected baylands. Ensuring that activities in and around the baylands, including airport operations, occur with minimal environmental impacts is of major importance to the City and region. COMPACT D EVELOPMENT Palo Alto was an early adopter of compact development principles, as embodied in the Urban Service Area designated to manage growth in the current Comprehensive Plan. Through this strategy, the City has endeavored to direct new development into appropriate locations—such as along transit corridors and near employment centers— while protecting and preserving neighborhoods as well as the open space lands that comprise about half of the city. S USTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE Palo Alto is regarded as a leader in sustainability, having adopted its first Climate Action Plan in 2007 and continuing through the City’s multi-faceted efforts to 16 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 26     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T eliminate the community’s dependence on fossil fuels and adapt to the potential effects of climate change. Through the direct provision of public utility services by the City to the community, Palo Alto is able to achieve truly outstanding energy efficiency and water conservation. The City and community also are leaders in promoting non- automobile transportation, waste reduction and diversion and high-quality, low- impact development. In addition to efficiency and conservation, the City sees an adequate housing supply as a fundamental component of a sustainable and equitable community. As of the adoption of this Comprehensive Plan, renting or owning a home in Palo Alto is prohibitively expensive for many. The housing affordability crisis in Palo Alto and in the Bay Area more broadly has a number of negative consequences, including diminished socioeconomic diversity and increased traffic congestion as local workers commute from distant places where housing is cheaper. In response, this Element lays out a multi-faceted strategy to both preserve existing housing and create new housing in a variety of types and sizes. Most new housing is anticipated to be multi- family housing on redeveloped infill sites near housing. These policies and programs work hand-in-hand with Housing Element programs and focus change along transit corridors, while preserving the character of established single-family neighborhoods. Together, all of these efforts make Palo Alto a more resilient community, able to adjust behaviors and actions in an effort to protect and preserve environmental resources. CITY STRUCTURE COMPONENTS The city is composed of unique neighborhoods and distinct but connected commercial centers and employment districts. Understanding how these different components of the city structure support one another and connect to the region can help inform land use planning. By reflecting the existing structure in its policies, Palo Alto will ensure that it remains a community that encourages social contact and public life and also maintains quality urban design. R ESIDENTIAL N EIGHBORHOODS Palo Alto’s 35 neighborhoods are characterized by housing, parks and public facilities. Their boundaries are based on land use and street patterns and community 17 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 27     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T perceptions. Most of the residential neighborhoods have land use classifications of single-family residential with some also including multiple-family residential, and transitions in scale and use often signify neighborhood boundaries. Each neighborhood is a living reminder of the unique blend of architectural styles, building materials, scale and street patterns that were typical at the time of its development. These characteristics are more intact in some neighborhoods than in others. The City strives to complement neighborhood character when installing streets or public space improvements and to preserve neighborhoods through thoughtful development review to ensure that new construction, additions and remodels reflect neighborhood character. Neighborhoods built prior to the mid-1940s generally have a traditional pattern of development with relatively narrow streets, curbside parking, vertical curbs and street trees between the curb and sidewalk. Many homes are oriented to the street with parking often located to the rear of the lot. Many later neighborhoods were shaped by Modernist design ideas popularized by builder Joseph Eichler. The houses are intentionally designed with austere facades and oriented towards private backyards and interior courtyards, where expansive glass walls “bring the outside in.” Curving streets and cul-de-sacs further the sense of house as private enclave, and flattened curbs joined to the sidewalk with no planting strip create an uninterrupted plane on which to display the house. Some neighborhoods built during this period contain other home styles such as California ranch. Both traditional and modern Palo Alto neighborhoods have fine examples of multi- unit housing that are very compatible with surrounding single-family homes, primarily because of their high-quality design characteristics, such as entrances and gardens that face the street rather than the interior of the development. Examples include duplexes and small apartment buildings near Downtown, as well as second units and cottage courts in other areas of the city. 18 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 28     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T COMMERCIAL C ENTERS Centers are commercial and mixed use areas that serve as focal points of community life. These commercial centers are distributed throughout the city, within walking or bicycling distance of virtually all Palo Alto residents, as shown in Map L-3. There are three basic types of Centers in Palo Alto: h Regional Centers include University Avenue/Downtown and Stanford Shopping Center. These areas are commercial activity hubs of citywide and regional significance, with a mix of shopping, offices and some housing. Downtown is characterized by two- and three-story buildings with ground floor shops. Downtown Palo Alto is widely recognized for its mix of culture, architecture and atmosphere of innovation, which make it a uniquely special place. Trees, benches, outdoor seating areas, sidewalks, plazas and other amenities make the streets pedestrian-friendly. Transit is highly accessible and frequent. Downtown plays a key role in concentrating housing, employment, shopping and entertainment near each other and regional rail and other transit, exemplifying and supporting citywide sustainability and resiliency. However, a recent cycle of economic growth has brought increased pressure for additional office space in Downtown Palo Alto. In recent years, the demand has become so strong that other important uses that contribute to Downtown’s vitality, such as storefront retail, are at risk of being pushed out. This Element includes policies and programs to preserve ground floor-retail uses Downtown and sustain its role as a gathering place. Programs are also included to convert some unused development potential from commercial to residential potential in the future. Stanford Shopping Center has evolved from its original auto-oriented design into a premier open-air pedestrian environment known for extensive landscaped areas surrounded by retail and dining. h Multi-Neighborhood Centers, including California Avenue, Town and Country Village and South El Camino Real, are retail districts that serve more than one neighborhood with a diverse mix of uses including retail, office and residential. They feature one- to three-story buildings with storefront windows and outdoor seating areas that create a pedestrian-friendly atmosphere. These centers also contain retail uses clustered around plazas and parks that provide public gathering spaces. They can be linked to other city Centers via transit. 19 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 29     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T h Neighborhood Centers, such as Charleston Shopping Center, Edgewood Plaza and Midtown Shopping Center, are small retail areas drawing customers from the immediately surrounding area. These centers are often anchored by a grocery or drug store and may include a variety of smaller retail shops and offices oriented toward the everyday needs of local residents. Adjacent streets provide walking, biking and transit connections. E MPLOYMENT D ISTRICTS Palo Alto’s employment districts, such as Stanford Research Park, Stanford Medical Center, East Bayshore and San Antonio Road/Bayshore Corridor, represent a development type not found in other parts of the city. These Districts are characterized by large one- to four-story buildings, with some taller buildings, separated by parking lots and landscaped areas. The Districts are accessed primarily by automobile or employer-supported transit, though future changes in land use and tenancy could support a shift toward transit, pedestrian and bicycle travel. GROWTH MANAGEMENT The pace of non-residential growth and development in Palo Alto has been moderated by a citywide cap on non-residential development first adopted by the City Council in 1989. Based on the demonstrated and continuous strength of the city’s economy, and recent changes in the approach to growth management throughout California, this Plan presents an updated cumulative growth management and monitoring system. This system moderates the overall amount of new office/R&D development and monitors its impacts on Palo Alto’s livability. This updated approach uses 2015 as the baseline from which to monitor new development and establishes a cumulative, citywide cap on office/R&D uses, including conversions of existing square footage to office/R&D space. It also establishes clear guidance to address what the City should do as the cap is approached. 20 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 30     P A L O A L T O G E N E R A L P L A N U P D A T E L A N D U S E E L E M E N T S A N F R A N C I S C O B A Y East Palo Alto Ø 1 3Menlo Park Ø 2Ø £¤ 101 2 1 Ø 2 Ø23 Ø 1 4Stanford University 2 Ø 1 1 Ø 3Stanford Lands Commercial Districts Regional CentersØ" 1. University Avenue/Downtown 2. Stanford Shopping CenterØ"Multi-Neighborhood Centers 1. California Avenue 2. Town & Country Village 3. South El Camino Real ØLos A "Neighborhood CentersLos Altos Hills 1. Charleston Center 2. Edgewood Plaza 3. Midtown ³³ Mixed Use Areas 1. South of Forest Area (SOFA) 2. California Avenue ×lo §¨¦3. Alma Village280 Employment DistrictslEmployment Centers 1. Stanford Research Park 2. Stanford Medical Center 3. East Bayshore 4. San Antonio Road/Bayshore Corridor |!Caltrain Stations Sphere of Influence City Boundary Railroads Park/Open Space 0 0.5 1 Miles Source: City of Palo Alto, 2013; USGS, 2010; NHD 2013; ESRI, 2010; Tiger Lines, 2010; PlaceWorks, 2014. M A P L - 3 C I T Y S T R U C T U R E Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 31     P A L O A L T O G E N E R A L P L A N U P D A T E L A N D U S E E L E M E N T S A N F R A N C I S C O B A Y Redwood City East Palo Alto Atherton Menlo Park £¤ 101 Stanford University Stanford Lands§¨¦280 Mountain View Los AltosLos Altos Hills ·|}þ 85 §¨¦280 Major View Corridors k Primary Gateways Scenic Routes in Palo Alto Caltrain Stations Railroads ! ! |! Park/Open Space City Boundary Sphere of Influence012 Miles Source: City of Palo Alto, 2013; USGS, 2010; NHD 2013; ESRI, 2010; Tiger Lines, 2010; PlaceWorks, 2014. M A P L - 4 C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N F E A T U R E S Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 32     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T URBAN DESIGN The look and feel of Palo Alto is shaped by urban design, which encompasses the wide variety of features that together form the visual character of the city. These elements range from aesthetic to functional and include the design of buildings, the historic character of structures and places, public spaces where people gather, gateways or entrances to the city, street trees lining neighborhoods, art decorating public spaces, as well as parking lots and essential infrastructure. Key community design features are illustrated on Map L-4. B UILDINGS Palo Alto has many buildings of outstanding architectural merit representing a variety of styles and periods. The best examples of these buildings are constructed with quality materials, show evidence of craftsmanship, fit with their surroundings and help make neighborhoods comfortable and appealing. To help achieve quality design, the Architectural Review Board reviews buildings and site design for commercial and multi-family residential projects. Palo Alto’s commercial and residential buildings have received regional and national design recognition. Design issues in residential neighborhoods include sympathetic restoration and renovation of homes, protection of privacy if second stories are added, and efforts to make streets more inviting to pedestrians. H ISTORIC R ESOURCES Palo Alto has a rich stock of historic structures and places that are important to the city’s heritage and preserving and reusing these historic resources contributes to the livability of Palo Alto. The City’s Historic Inventory lists approximately 400 buildings of historical merit, with more than a dozen buildings on the National Register of Historic Places, as well as three historic districts (Green Gables, Greenmeadow and Professorville) and one architectural district (Ramona Street). Map L-5 illustrates historic resources in Palo Alto. Historic sites include the El Palo Alto Redwood, believed to be the site of a 1776 encampment of the Portola Expedition and one of 19 California Points of Historical Interest in the city. The garage at 367 Addison that was the birthplace of Hewlett- Packard is one of seven sites or structures listed on the California Register of Historic Landmarks. The length of El Camino Real from San Francisco to San Diego, including the section that passes through Palo Alto, is a State Historic Landmark. Many historic 23 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 33     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T buildings in the city have been rehabilitated and adaptively reused as office or commercial spaces, including former single-family homes in and near downtown. P UBLIC S PACES , S TREETS AND P ARKING Throughout Palo Alto are a variety of public spaces from parks and schools to plazas and sidewalks, to cultural, religious and civic facilities. Each of these can increasingly serve as centers for public life with gathering places, bicycle and pedestrian access, safety-enhancing night-time lighting and clear visual access, and, in some cases, small-scale retail uses such as cafes. Well-designed streets also invite public use and enhance quality of life. Palo Alto’s reputation as a gracious residential community is due not only to its fine street trees and attractive planting areas, but also to appropriate street width for neighborhood character, accommodation of pedestrians and bicycles, height and setbacks of buildings and color and texture of paving materials. These components help to ensure that streets are pleasant and safe for all travelers. Parking lots occupy large amounts of surface area in the city. Well-designed parking lots make efficient use of space while contributing positively to the appearance of the surrounding area. A parking lot can provide an opportunity for open space and outdoor amenities rather than just a repository for cars. Many parking lots in Palo Alto include trees, landscaping and public art. G ATEWAYS Community identity is strengthened when the entrances to the city are clear and memorable. In Palo Alto, these entrances or gateways include University Avenue, El Camino Real, Middlefield Road, Oregon Expressway/Page Mill Road, San Antonio Road and Embarcadero Road and the Palo Alto Transit Center and California Avenue Caltrain station. Well-designed gateways are defined by natural and urban landmarks that complement the character and identity of the neighborhood. 24 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 34     P A L O A L T O G E N E R A L P L A N U P D A T E L A N D U S E E L E M E N T Atherton !!Green Gables! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! Ramona Street Architectural District ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !Historic District!!!!!! ! !!!! ! !!! ! !!!! ! !!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!! !!! !!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!! ! !!! ! !!£¤ 101 !!!!!! !! !!!!!!!! !! !!!! !!!!!!!! ! !!!!! ! !!!!!!! Menlo Park !!! !!! !!!! ! !! !! ! !!!! !!! ! !!!!! !!! !! ! !!! !!!! ! !!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !! !!!!! !!!! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!! !! !!! !! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!! ! !! !! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!! !!! !!!!!!! !! Professorville ! !!! !!!!!! !!!! Historic District ! ! !! !!! !! !!!! ! !!!! !! !! Stanford !! !!! ! University !! !!!!! !!!! !! !!!! Stanford Lands ! !! §¨¦280 ! Greenmeadow Historic District ! Mountain View ! ·|}þ 237 Los AltosLos Altos Hills ·|}þ 85 §¨¦Sunnyvale280 Ramona Street !!!!! ! !!!!!! !Architectural District !!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! !!!!!!! !!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! ! !!!! !!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! ! !!!! !!! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!!! ! !!!!!!!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!! ! !!!!! !!!!!!!!!! ! !! !!!! !!!!!!!!! !!! !!!!!! !! !!! ! !!!! !! Professorville Historic District !!!!! !!! !! !! !! !!! ! !!!!!!!! !!! !! !!!! ! !! 0 1 2 Miles Source: PlaceWorks, 2016; The City of Palo Alto, 2013. *Cultural and historic resources include Historic Structures on the City of Palo Alto Historic Inventory (categories I, II, III, or IV), and/or Buildings on the National Register of Historic Places, and/or California Registered Historic Landmarks, and/or Points of Historical Interest. This map is for illustrative purposes only and does not depict the full inventory of historic structures, landmarks, or other cultural resources in Palo Alto. For a more complete listing, please refer to the content of the Palo Alto Comprehensive Plan and the Cultural or historic resource* Highways ! City Limit associated environmental review documents.MꢀAꢀP Lꢀ-ꢀꢁ H I S T O R I C R E S O U R C E S Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 35     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T U RBAN F OREST Palo Alto’s urban forest—including both public and privately owned trees—is a key part of the community’s history, identity and quality of life. It offers enormous social, environmental and financial benefits and is a fundamental part of Palo Alto’s sense of place. Regular spacing of trees that are similar in form and texture provides order and coherence and gives scale to the street. A canopy of branches and leaves provides shade for pedestrians and creates a sense of enclosure and comfort. On the city’s most memorable streets, trees of a single species extend historic character to the corners of blocks, reducing the apparent width of streets and intersections and defining the street as a continuous space. Protecting, maintaining and enhancing the urban forest, as called for in the 2015 Urban Forest Master Plan, is among the most effective ways to preserve Palo Alto’s character. P UBLIC A RT Public art helps create an inviting atmosphere for gathering, fosters economic development and contributes to vital public spaces. Palo Alto’s public art program reflects the City’s tradition of enriching public spaces with works of art, ranging from the subtle inclusion of handcrafted artifacts into building architecture to more traditional displays of sculpture at civic locations. The Municipal Code requires both public and private projects to incorporate public art. U TILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE A city is supported by its infrastructure—features such as paving, signs and utilities. These features represent substantial public investments and are meant to serve all community members. Infrastructure improvements must meet current needs and keep pace with growth and development. While the purpose of infrastructure is usually utilitarian or functional, attention to design details can add beauty or even improve urban design. For example, replacing a sidewalk can provide an opportunity to create larger tree wells and provide new street trees. State law (California Government Code Section 65302.10) requires the City to address potential regional inequity and infrastructure deficits within disadvantaged unincorporated communities (DUCs) in this Element. There are no DUCs within the Palo Alto Sphere of Influence (SOI) with public services or infrastructure needs or deficiencies. 26 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 36     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T PALO ALTO AIRPORT Palo Alto Airport (PAO) is a general aviation airport owned and operated by the City of Palo Alto. PAO occupies 102 acres of land east of Highway 101 in the baylands and has one paved runway. The airport functions as a reliever to three Bay Area airports. PAO facilities include an air traffic control tower operated by the Federal Aviation Administration and a terminal building. Flight clubs and fixed base operators operate on-site, offering fuel sales, flight lessons, pilot training and aircraft sales, rentals, maintenance and repair. From 1967 to 2015, PAO was operated by Santa Clara County under a lease agreement. Operations and control have since been transferred to the City and key challenges ahead include addressing deterioration of runway conditions, addressing noise impacts and hours of operation and the relationship between the Airport and the Baylands Master Plan. LAND USE MAP AND LAND USE DESIGNATIONS Map L-6 shows each land use designation within the city of Palo Alto. The land use designations translate the elements of city structure into a detailed map that presents the community’s vision for future land use development and conservation on public and private land in Palo Alto through the year 2030. Residential densities are expressed in terms of dwelling units per acre. Population densities per acre are not absolute limits. Building intensities for non-residential uses are expressed in terms of floor area ratio (FAR), which is the ratio of gross building floor area (excluding areas designated for parking, etc.) to net lot area, both expressed in square feet. FAR does not regulate building placement or form, only the spatial relationship between building size and lot size; it represents an expectation of the overall intensity of future development. 27 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 37     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T The maximums assigned to the land use designations below do not constitute entitlements, nor are property owners or developers guaranteed that an individual project, when tested against the General Plan’s policies, will be able or permitted to achieve these maximums. L AND U SE D EFINITIONS OPEN SPACE Publicly Owned Conservation Land : Open lands whose primary purpose is the preservation and enhancement of the natural state of the land and its plants and animals. Only resource management, recreation and educational activities compatible with resource conservation are allowed. Publi c Park: Open lands whose primary purpose is public access for active recreation and whose character is essentially urban. These areas, which may have been planted with non-indigenous landscaping, may provide access to nature within the urban environment and require a concerted effort to maintain recreational facilities and landscaping. Streamside Open Space: This designation is intended to preserve and enhance corridors of riparian vegetation along streams. Hiking, biking and riding trails may be developed in the streamside open space. The corridor will generally vary in width up to 200 feet on either side of the center line of the creek. However, along San Francisquito Creek between El Camino Real and the Sand Hill Road bridge over the creek, the open space corridor varies in width between approximately 80 and 310 feet from the center line of the creek. The aerial delineation of the open space in this segment of the corridor, as opposed to other segments of the corridor, is shown to approximate scale on the Proposed Land Use and Circulation Map. Open Space/Controlle d Development : Land having all the characteristics of open space but where some development may be allowed on private properties. Open space amenities must be retained in these areas. Residential densities range from 0.1 to 1 dwelling unit per acre but may rise to a maximum of 2 units per acre where second units are allowed, and population densities range from 1 to 4 persons per acre. Other uses such as agricultural, recreational and non-residential uses may be allowed consistent with the protection and preservation of the inherent open space characteristics of the land. 28 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 38     P A L O A L T O G E N E R A L P L A N U P D A T E L A N D U S E E L E M E N T Baylands Master Plan SOFA I CAP SOFA II CAP S A N F R A N C I S C O B A YEast Palo Alto Byxbee Park Menlo Park ¤ 101 Baylands Preserve |! |!|ÿ82Stanford University Mountain View §¨¦ Los Altos S A N F R A N C I S C O B A YLos Altos Hills 0 0.125 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 Miles Comprehensive Plan Land Use Designations Residential Other Campus Open Space Special Conservation Lake/Reservoir Single Family Res SOFA II CAP Multi-Family Res Mixed Use SOFA I CAP School District Land |Caltrain Stations Urban Service Area City Boundary Commercial Major Institution/Special Facility Streamside Open Space Public Park Hotel Commercial Service Commercial Sphere of Influence RailroadsNeighborhood Commercial Regional/Community Commercial Open Space/Controlled Development Public Conservation Land Business/Industrial Stanford University Land Use Designations Academic CampusLight Industrial Research/Office Park Campus Residential - Low Density Campus Residential - Moderate Density Open Space/Field Research Source: ESRI, 2010; Tiger Lines, 2010; USGS, 2010; NHD, 2013; City of Palo Alto, 2013; PlaceWorks, 2015. M A P L - 6 C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E D E S I G N A T I O N S Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 39     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T 30 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 40     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T R ESIDENTIAL Single-Family Residential: This designation applies to residential neighborhoods primarily characterized by detached single-family homes, typically with one dwelling unit on each lot. Private and public schools and churches are conditional uses requiring permits. Accessory dwelling units or duplexes are allowed subject to certain size limitations and other development standards and duplexes may be allowed in select, limited areas where they would be compatible with neighborhood character and do not create traffic and parking problems. The net density in single family areas , except on Housing Element opportunity sites, for which higher density standards may will range from 1 to 7 units per acre, but rises to a maximum of 14 units on parcels be specified in the Zoning Ordinance . where second units or duplexes occur. Population densities will range from 1 to 30 persons per acre. Multiple-Family Residential: The permitted number of housing units will vary by area, depending on existing land use, proximity to major streets and public transit, distance to shopping and environmental problems. Net densities will range from 8 to 40 units and 8 to 90 persons per acre. Density should be on the lower end of the scale next to single-family residential areas. Densities higher than what is permitted , except on Housing Element opportunity sites, for which higher density standards may may be allowed where measurable community benefits will be derived, services andbe specified in the Zoning Ordinance . facilities are available, and the net effect will be consistent with the Comprehensive Plan. Population densities will range up to 2.25 persons per unit by 2030. Village Residential: Allows residential dwellings that are designed to contribute to the harmony and pedestrian orientation of a street or neighborhood. Housing types include single-family houses on small lots, second units, cottage clusters, courtyard housing, duplexes, fourplexes and small apartment buildings. Design standards will be prepared for each housing type to ensure that development successfully contributes to the street and neighborhood and minimizes potential negative impacts. Net densities will range up to 20 units per acre. Population densities will range up to 2.25 persons per unit by 2030. Transit-Oriented Residential: Allows higher density residential dwellings in the University Avenue/Downtown and California Avenue commercial centers within a walkable distance, approximately 2,500 feet, of the City’s two multi-modal transit stations. The land use category is intended to generate residential densities that support substantial use of public transportation and especially the use of Caltrain. Design standards will be prepared to ensure that development successfully contributes to the street and minimizes potential negative impacts. Individual project requirements will be developed, including parking, to ensure that a significant 31 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 41     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T portion of the residents will use alternative modes of transportation. Net density will range up to 50 units per acre, with minimum densities to be considered during development of new City zoning regulations. Population densities will range up to 2.25 per person per unit by 2030. C OMMERCIAL Neighborhood Commercial: Includes shopping centers with off-street parking or a cluster of street-front stores that serve the immediate neighborhood. Examples include Charleston Center, Edgewood Center and Midtown. Typical uses include supermarkets, bakeries, drugstores, variety stores, barber shops, restaurants, self- service laundries, dry cleaners and hardware stores. In locations along El Camino Real and Alma Street, residential and mixed use projects may also locate in this category. Non-residential FARs will range up to 0.4. Consistent with the Comprehensive Plan’s encouragement of housing near transit centers, higher density multi-family housing may be allowed in specific locations. , generally within 1/2 mile of high quality transit. Regional/Community Commercial: Larger shopping centers and districts that have a wider variety of goods and services than the neighborhood shopping areas. They rely on larger trade areas and include such uses as department stores, bookstores, furniture stores, toy stores, apparel shops, restaurants, theaters and non-retail services such as offices and banks. Examples include Stanford Shopping Center, Town and Country Village and University Avenue/Downtown. Non-retail uses such as medical and dental offices may also locate in this designation; software development may also locate Downtown. In some locations, residential and mixed use projects may also locate in this category. Non-residential FARs range from 0.35 to 2.0. Consistent with the Comprehensive Plan’s encouragement of housing near transit, generally withincenters, higher density multi-family housing may be allowed in specific locations.1/2 mile of high quality transit. Service Commercial: Facilities providing citywide and regional services and relying on customers arriving by car. These uses do not necessarily benefit from being in high volume pedestrian areas such as shopping centers or Downtown. Typical uses include auto services and dealerships, motels, lumberyards, appliance stores and restaurants, including fast service types. In almost all cases, these uses require good automobile and service access so that customers can safely load and unload without impeding traffic. In some locations, residential and mixed-use projects may be appropriate in this land use category. Examples of Service Commercial areas include San Antonio Road, El Camino Real and Embarcadero Road northeast of the Bayshore 32 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 42     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T Freeway. Non-residential FARs will range up to 0.4. Consistent with the Comprehensive Plan’s encouragement of housing near transit centers, higher density , generally within 1/2 mile of high quality transit.multi-family housing may be allowed in specific locations. Mixed Use: The Mixed Use designation is intended to promote pedestrian-oriented places that layer compatible land uses, public amenities and utilities together at various scales and intensities. The designation allows for multiple functions within the same building or adjacent to one another in the same general vicinity to foster a mix of uses that encourages people to live, work, play and shop in close proximity. Most typically, mixed-use developments have retail on the ground floor and residences above. This category includes Live/Work, Retail/Office, Residential/Retail and Residential/Office development. FARs will range up to 1.15, although development located along transit corridors or near multi-modal centers will range up to 2.0 FAR with up to 3.0 FAR possible where higher FAR would be an incentive to meet community goals such as providing affordable housing. The FAR above 1.15 must be used for residential purposes. FAR between 0.15 and 1.15 may be used for residential purposes. As of the adoption of this Comprehensive Plan, the Mixed Use designation is currently only applied in the SOFA area. Consistent with the Comprehensive Plan’s encouragement of housing near transit centers, higher density, generally within 1/2 mile of high quality transit.multi-family housing may be allowed in specific locations. Commercial Hotel: This category allows facilities for use by temporary overnight occupants on a transient basis, such as hotels and motels, with associated conference centers and similar uses. Restaurants and other eating facilities, meeting rooms, small retail shops, personal services and other services ancillary to the hotel are also allowed. This category can be applied in combination with another land use category. FAR currently ranges up to 2.0 for the hotel portion of the site. An implementation program indicates that the City will explore increasing this FAR. Research/Office Park: Office, research and manufacturing establishments whose operations are buffered from adjacent residential uses. Stanford Research Park is an example. Other uses that may be included are educational institutions and child care facilities. Compatible commercial service uses such as banks and restaurants and residential or mixed-uses that would benefit from the proximity to employment centers, will also be allowed. Additional uses, including retail services, commercial recreation, churches and private clubs may also be located in Research/Office Park areas, but only if they are found to be compatible with the surrounding area through 33 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 43     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T the conditional use permit process. In some locations, residential and mixed-use projects may also locate in this category. Maximum allowable FAR ranges from 0.3 to 0.5, depending on site conditions. Consistent with the Comprehensive Plan, multi- On Housing Element opportunity sites, FAR will range from 1.25 to 2.5, as specified in the Zoning Ordinance. family housing may be allowed in specific locations. Light Industrial: Wholesale and storage warehouses and the manufacturing, processing, repairing and packaging of goods. Emission of fumes, noise, smoke, or other pollutants is strictly controlled. Examples include portions of the area south of Oregon Avenue between El Camino Real and Alma Street that historically have included these land uses, and the San Antonio Road industrial area. Compatible residential and mixed use projects may also be located in this category. FAR will range up to 0.5. Consistent with the Comprehensive Plan’s encouragement of housing near transit centers, higher density multi-family housing may be allowed in On Housing Element opportunity sites, FAR will range from 1.5 to 2.5, as specified in the Zoning Ordinance.specific locations. I NSTITUTIONAL School District Lands: Properties owned or leased by public school districts and used for educational, recreational, or other non-commercial, non-industrial purposes. FAR may not exceed 1.0. Major Institution/Special Facilities: Institutional, academic, governmental and community service uses and lands that are either publicly owned or operated as non-profit organizations. Examples are hospitals and City facilities. Consistent with the Comprehensive Plan’s encouragement of housing near transit centers, higher density multi-family housing may be allowed in specific locations. Major Institution/University Lands: Academic and academic reserve areas of Stanford University. Population density and building intensity limits are established by conditional use permit with Santa Clara County. These lands are further designated by the following sub-categories of land use: h Major Institution/University Lands/Campus Single-Family Residential: Single-family areas where the occupancy of the units is significantly or totally limited to individuals or families affiliated with the institution. h Major Institution/University Lands/Campu s Multiple Family Residential: Multiple family areas where the occupancy of the units is significantly or totally limited to individuals or families affiliated with the institution. 34 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 44     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T h Major Institution/University Lands/Campus Educational Facilities: Academic lands with a full complement of activities and densities that give them an urban character. Allowable uses are academic institutions and research facilities, student and faculty housing and support services. Increases in student enrollment and faculty/staff size must be accompanied by measures that mitigate traffic and housing impacts. h Major Institution/University Lands/Academic Reserve and Open Space: Academic lands having all the characteristics of open space but upon which some academic development may be allowed provided that open space amenities are retained. These lands are important for their aesthetic and ecological value as well as their potential for new academic uses. 35 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 45     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T GOALS, POLICIES AND PROGRAMS G ROWTH M ANAGEMENT GOAL L-1 A compact and resilient city providing residents and visitors with attractive neighborhoods, work places, shopping districts, public facilities and open spaces. C ONCENTRATING D EVELOPMENT W ITHIN THE U RBAN S ERVICE A REA Policy L-1.1 Maintain and prioritize Palo Alto’s varied residential neighborhoods while sustaining the vitality of its commercial areas and public facilities. Policy L-1.2 Limit future urban development to currently developed lands within the urban service area. The boundary of the urban service area is otherwise known as the urban growth boundary. Retain undeveloped land west of Foothill Expressway and Junipero Serra as open space, with allowances made for very low-intensity development consistent with the open space character of the area. Retain undeveloped land northeast of Highway 101 as open space. Policy L-1.3 Policy L-1.4 Infill development in the urban service area should be compatible with its surroundings and the overall scale and character of the city to ensure a compact, efficient development pattern. Commit to creating an inventory of below market rate housing for purchase and rental. Work with neighbors, neighborhood associations, property owners and developers to identify barriers to infill development of below market rate and more affordable market rate housing and to remove these barriers, as appropriate. Work with these same stakeholders to identify sites and facilitate opportunities for below market rate housing and housing that is affordable. R EGULATING L AND U SE Policy L-1.5 Policy L-1.6 Regulate land uses in Palo Alto according to the land use definitions in this Element and Map L-6. Encourage land uses that address the needs of the community and manage change and development to benefit the community. Program L1.6.1 Review regulatory tools available to the City and identify actions to enhance and preserve the livability of residential neighborhoods and the vitality of commercial and employment districts, including improved code enforcement practices. Policy L-1.7 Use coordinated area plans to guide development, such as to create or enhance cohesive neighborhoods in areas of Palo Alto where significant change is foreseeable. Address both land use and transportation, define the desired character and urban design traits of the areas, identify opportunities for public open space, parks and recreational opportunities, address connectivity to and compatibility with adjacent residential areas; and include broad community involvement in the planning process. 36 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 46     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T R EGIONAL C OOPERATION Policy L-1.8 Maintain an active engagement with Santa Clara County, San Mateo County, neighboring cities, other public agencies including school districts and Stanford University regarding land use and transportation issues. Program L1.8.1 Maintain and update as appropriate the 1985 Land Use Policies Agreement that sets forth the land use policies of the City, Santa Clara County and Stanford University with regard to Stanford unincorporated lands. Policy L-1.9 Participate in regional strategies to address the interaction of jobs, housing balance and transportation issues. G ROWTH MANAGEMENT AND M ONITORING Policy L-1.10 Maintain a citywide cap of 1.7 million new square feet of office/R&D development, exempting medical office uses in the Stanford University Medical Center (SUMC) vicinity. Use January 1, 2015 as the baseline and monitor development towards the cap on an annual basis. Require annual monitoring to assess the effectiveness of development requirements and determine whether the cap and the development requirements should be adjusted. Continue to exempt medical, governmental and institutional uses from the cap on office/R&D development. Program L1.10.1 Reevaluate the cumulative cap when the amount of new office/R&D square footage entitled since January 1, 2015 reaches 67 percent of the allowed square footage, or 1,139,000 square feet. Concurrently consider removal or potential changes to the cap and/or to the amount of additional development permitted by the City’s zoning ordinance. Policy L-1.11 Policy L-1.12 Hold new development to the highest development standards in order to maintain Palo Alto’s livability and achieve the highest quality development with the least impacts. The City will monitor key community indicators on a regular basis to determine whether the policies of this plan and the efforts of Palo Alto residents and businesses are effective at promoting livability. Suggested indicators and monitoring frequency are listed in Table L-1. 37 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 47     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T TABLE L-1 COMMUNITY METRICS Measure Metric Recommended Monitoring Frequency Annually as part of Earth Day Report80% below 1990 emissions by 2030 (S/CAP goal)Greenhouse Gas Emissions Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) per Capita Decrease year over year Jobs/Housing Balance (Expressed as a Ratio of Jobs to Employed Residents) Annually as part of Earth Day Report Every 4 yearsRatio of jobs to employed residents Annually as part of report to California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) Below Market Rate (BMR) Units Number of units Annual Report to State Housing and Community Development Department Change in PM peak hour traffic volumes at 10 representative local intersections Percent of residents who live within ½-mile of a city park Progress toward Housing Element Goals Traffic Volumes on City Streets Availability of Parks Annually as part of report to HCD Every 2 years Every 4 years Changes in student enrollment at public elementary, middle and high schoolsPAUSD School Enrollments Annually A S USTAINABLE C OMMUNITY GOAL L-2 An enhanced sense of “community” with development designed to foster public life, meet citywide needs and embrace the principles of sustainability. Policy L-2.1 Maintain a citywide structure of Residential Neighborhoods, Centers and Employment Districts. Integrate these areas with the City’s and the region’s transit and street system. Policy L-2.2 Enhance connections between commercial and mixed use centers and the surrounding residential neighborhoods by promoting walkable and bikeable connections and a diverse range of retail and services that caters to the daily needs of residents. Program L2.2.1 Explore whether there are appropriate locations to allow small-scale neighborhood-serving retail facilities such as coffee shops and corner stores in residential areas. 38 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 48     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T Policy L-2.3 Policy L-2.4 As a key component of a diverse, inclusive community, allow and encourage a mix of housing types and sizes, integrated into neighborhoods and designed for greater affordability, particularly smaller housing types, such as studios, co-housing, cottages, clustered housing, accessory dwelling units and senior housing. Use a variety of strategies to stimulate housing, near retail, employment, and transit, in a way that connects to and enhances existing neighborhoods. Program L2.4.1 Amend the Housing Element to eliminate housing sites along San Antonio Road and increase residential densities in Downtown and the California Avenue area to replace potential units from the sites eliminated. Program L2.4.2 Allow housing at Stanford Shopping Center, provided that adequate parking and vibrant retail is maintained and no reduction of retail square footage results from the new housing. Program L2.4.3 Allow housing on the El Camino Real frontage of the Stanford Research Park. Explore multi- family housing elsewhere in the Stanford Research Park and near Stanford University Medical Center (SUMC). Program L2.4.4 Assess non-residential development potential in the Community Commercial, Service Commercial and Downtown Commercial Districts (CC, CS and CD) and the Neighborhood Commercial District (CN), and convert non-retail commercial FAR to residential FAR, where appropriate. Conversion to residential capacity should not be considered in Town and Country Village. Program L2.4.5 Update the municipal code to include zoning changes that allow a mix of retail and residential uses but no office uses. The intent of these changes would be to encourage a mix of land uses that contributes to the vitality and walkability of commercial centers and transit corridors. Program L2.4.6 Explore changing the Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) ordinances for both buildings of historic significance and for seismic retrofits so that transferred development rights may be used for residential capacity. Program L2.4.7 Explore mechanisms for increasing multi-family housing density near multimodal transit centers. Program L2.4.8 Identify development opportunities for BMR and more affordable market rate housing on publicly owned properties in a way that is integrated with and enhances existing neighborhoods. Policy L-2.5 Support the creation of affordable housing units for middle to lower income level earners, such as City and school district employees, as feasible. 39 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 49     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T Program L2.5.1 Collaborate with PAUSD in exploring opportunities to build housing that is affordable to school district employees. Policy L-2.6 Policy L-2.7 Create opportunities for new mixed use development consisting of housing and retail. Support efforts to retain housing that is more affordable in existing neighborhoods, including a range of smaller housing types. Program L2.7.1 Review development standards to discourage the net loss of housing units. Policy L-2.8 When considering infill redevelopment, work to minimize displacement of existing residents. Program L2.8.1 Conduct a study to evaluate various possible tools for preventing displacement of existing residents. Program L2.8.2 Develop and implement a system to inventory the characteristics of existing housing units and track changes in those characteristics on a regular basis. Make the information publicly available. Policy L-2.9 Policy L-2.10 Facilitate reuse of existing buildings. Ensure regular coordination between the City and PAUSD on land development activities and trends in Palo Alto, as well as planning for school facilities and programs. Under State law, impacts on school facilities cannot be the basis for requiring mitigation beyond the payment of school fees or for denying development projects or legislative changes that could result in additional housing units. The City will, however, assess the reasonably foreseeable environmental impacts of development projects that result in new school construction or enrollment. Program L2.10.1 Collaborate with PAUSD to plan for space to accommodate future school expansions or new school sites, and evaluate zoning space to accommodate new schools. Policy L-2.11 Policy L-2.12 Encourage new development and redevelopment to incorporate greenery and natural features such as green rooftops, pocket parks, plazas and rain gardens. Ensure that future development addresses potential risks from climate change and sea level rise. 40 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 50     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T D ISTINCT N EIGHBORHOODS GOAL L-3 Safe, attractive residential neighborhoods, each with its own distinct character and within walking distance of shopping, services, schools and/or other public gathering places. N EIGHBORHOOD C OMPATIBILITY Policy L-3.1 Policy L-3.2 Ensure that new or remodeled structures are compatible with the neighborhood and adjacent structures. Preserve residential uses from conversion to office or short-term rentals. Program L3.2.1 Evaluate and implement strategies to prevent conversion of residential and neighborhood- serving retail space to office or short-term vacation rentals. Policy L-3.3 Recognize the contribution of cottage cluster housing to the character of Palo Alto and retain and encourage this type of development. R ESIDENTIAL D ESIGN Policy L-3.4 Ensure that new multi-family buildings, entries and outdoor spaces are designed and arranged so that each development has a clear relationship to a public street. Policy L-3.5 Avoid negative impacts of basement construction for single-family homes on adjacent properties, public resources, and the natural environment. Program L3.5.1 Develop a program to assess and manage both the positive and negative impacts of basement construction in single family homes on the community and the environment, including: h Impacts to the natural environment, such as potential impacts to the tree canopy, groundwater supply or quality and soil compaction. h Safety issues such as increased surface flooding increased groundwater intrusion with sea level rise, emergency access and egress, or sewage backflows. C OMMERCIAL C ENTERS GOAL L-4 Inviting pedestrian scale centers that offer a variety of retail and commercial services andprovide focal points and community gathering places for the city’s residential neighborhoods and employment districts. 41 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 51     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T C OMMERCIAL C ENTERS AND M IXED U SE A REAS Policy L-4.1 Encourage the upgrading and revitalization of selected Centers in a manner that is compatible with the character of surrounding neighborhoods, without loss of retail and existing small, local businesses. Policy L-4.2 Preserve ground-floor retail, limit the displacement of existing retail from neighborhood centers and explore opportunities to expand retail. Program L4.2.1 Study the overall viability of ground-floor retail requirements in preserving retail space and creating an active street environment, including the types of locations where such requirements are most effective. Program L4.2.2 Evaluate the effectiveness of formula retail limits adopted for California Avenue. Develop incentives for local small businesses where warranted. Program L4.2.3 Explore and potentially support new, creative and innovative retail in Palo Alto. Policy L-4.3 Policy L-4.4 Encourage street frontages that contribute to retail vitality in all Centers. Reinforce street corners in a way that enhances the pedestrian realm or that form corner plazas. Include trees and landscaping. Ensure all Regional Centers and Multi-Neighborhood Centers provide centrally located gathering spaces that create a sense of identity and encourage economic revitalization. Encourage public amenities such as benches, street trees, kiosks, restrooms and public art. Program L4.4.1 Study the feasibility of using public and private funds to provide and maintain landscaping and public spaces such as parks, plazas, sidewalks and public art within commercial areas. Program L4.4.2 Through public/private cooperation provide well-signed, clean and accessible restrooms. Program L4.4.3 Collaborate with merchants to enhance the appearance of streets and sidewalks within all Centers. Encourage the formation of business improvement districts and undertake a proactive program of maintenance, repair, landscaping and enhancement. Program L4.4.4 Identify priority street improvements that could make a substantial contribution to the character of Centers, such as widening sidewalks, narrowing travel lanes, creating medians, restriping to allow diagonal parking and planting trees. Policy L-4.5 Support local-serving retail, recognizing that it provides opportunities for local employment, reduced commute times, stronger community connections and neighborhood orientation. Program L4.5.1 Revise zoning and other regulations as needed to encourage the preservation of space to accommodate small businesses, start-ups and other services. 42 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 52     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T Program L4.5.2 Consider planning, regulatory, or other incentives to encourage property owners to include smaller office spaces in their buildings to serve small businesses, non-profit organizations, and independent professionals. H OTELS Policy L-4.6 Sites within or adjacent to existing commercial areas and corridors are suitable for hotels. Give preference to housing versus hotel use on sites adjacent to predominantly single-family neighborhoods. Program L4.6.1 Explore increasing hotel FAR from 2.0 to 3.0 in the University Avenue/Downtown area and 2.5 in areas outside of Downtown. R EGIONAL C ENTERS University Avenue/Downtown Policy L-4.7 MaintainandenhancetheUniversityAvenue/Downtown area as a major commercial center of the City, with a mix of commercial, civic, cultural, recreational and residential uses. Promote quality design that recognizes the regional and historical importance of the area and reinforces its pedestriancharacter. Policy L-4.8 Ensure that University Avenue/Downtown is pedestrian-friendly and supports bicycle use. Use public art, trees, bicycle racks and other amenities to create an environment that is inviting to pedestrians and bicyclists. Program L4.8.1 Prepare a Coordinated Area Plan for Downtown. Program L4.8.2 Study the feasibility of converting parts of University Avenue to a pedestrian zone. Stanford Shopping Center Policy L-4.9 Maintain Stanford Shopping Center as one of the Bay Area’s premiere regional shopping centers. Promote bicycle and pedestrian use and encourage any new development at the Center to occur through infill. Program L4.9.1 While preserving adequate parking to meet demand, identify strategies to reuse surface parking lots. Program L4.9.2 Explore adding additional Floor Area Ratio (FAR) for retail at Stanford Shopping Center. 43 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 53     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T M ULTI -N EIGHBORHOOD C ENTERS California Avenue Policy L-4.10 Maintain the existing scale, character and function of the California Avenue business district as a shopping, service and office center intermediate in function and scale between Downtown and the smaller neighborhood business areas. Program L4.10.1 Prepare a coordinated area plan for the North Ventura area and surrounding California Avenue area. The plan should describe a vision for the future of the North Ventura area as a walkable neighborhood with multi-family housing, ground floor retail, a public park, creek improvements and an interconnected street grid. It should guide the development of the California Avenue area as a well-designed mixed use district with diverse land uses and a network of pedestrian-oriented streets. Program L4.10.2 Create regulations for the California Avenue area that encourage the retention or rehabilitation of smaller buildings to provide spaces for existing retail, particularly local, small businesses. Policy L-4.11 Improve the transition between the California-Cambridge area and the single family residential neighborhood of Evergreen Park. Avoid abrupt changes in scale and density between the two areas. Town and Country Village Policy L-4.12 Recognize and preserve Town and Country Village as an attractive retail center serving Palo Altans and residents of the wider region. Future development at this site should preserve its existing amenities, pedestrian scale and architectural character while also improving safe access for bicyclists and pedestrians and increasing the amount of bicycle parking. Policy L-4.13 Policy L-4.14 In Town and Country Village, encourage a vibrant retail environment and urban greening. In Town and Country Village, encourage improvement of pedestrian, bicycle and auto circulation and landscaping improvements, including maintenance of existing oak trees and planting additional trees. 44 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 54     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T El Camino Real Policy L-4.15 Recognize El Camino Real as both a local serving and regional serving corridor, defined by a mix of commercial uses and housing. N EIGHBORHOOD C ENTERS Policy L-4.16 Improve the local-serving focus, and provide safe pedestrian, bicycle and multimodal access to all three Palo Alto Neighborhood Centers – Charleston Shopping Center, Edgewood Plaza and Midtown Shopping Center. Support their continued improvement and vitality. Program L4.16.1 Maintain distinct neighborhood shopping areas that are attractive, accessible and convenient to nearby residents. Policy L-4.17 Policy L-4.18 Encourage maximum use of Neighborhood Centers by ensuring that the publicly maintained areas are clean, well-lit and attractively landscaped. Maintain Midtown Shopping Center as an attractive, pedestrian-oriented, one- to two-story Neighborhood Center with diverse local-serving uses and adequate parking, and a network of pedestrian-oriented streets, ways and gathering places. Encourage retention of Midtown’s grocery store and a variety of neighborhood retail shops and services. E MPLOYMENT D ISTRICTS GOAL L-5 High quality employment districts, each with their own distinctive character and each contributing to the character of the city as a whole. Policy L-5.1 Foster compact Employment Districts developed in a way that facilitates transit, pedestrian and bicycle travel. Provide mixed uses to reduce the number of auto trips. Program L5.1.1 Explore with Stanford University various development options for adding to the Stanford Research Park a diverse mix of uses, including residential, commercial hotel, conference center, commercial space for small businesses and start-ups, retail, transit hub and other community-supporting services that are compatible with the existing uses, to create a vibrant innovation-oriented community. 45 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 55     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T Policy L-5.2 Provide landscaping, trees, sidewalks, pedestrian path and connections to the citywide bikeway system within Employment Districts. Pursue opportunities to include sidewalks, paths, low water use landscaping, recycled water and trees and remove grass turf in renovation and expansion projects. Policy L-5.3 Policy L-5.4 Design paths and sidewalks to be attractive and comfortable and consistent with the character of the area where they are located. Maintain the East Bayshore and San Antonio Road/Bayshore Corridor areas as diverse business and light industrial districts. GOAL L-6 Well-designed building s that creat e coherent developmen t pattern s and enhance city streets an d public spaces. D ESIGN OF B UILDINGS AND P UBLIC S PACE Policy L-6.1 Promote high-quality design and site planning that is compatible with surrounding development and public spaces. Program L6.1.1 Promote programs and other forms of public awards recognition for projects of architectural merit that contribute positively to the community. Policy L-6.2 Policy L-6.3 Use the Zoning Ordinance, design review process, design guidelines and Coordinated Area Plans to ensure high quality residential and commercial design and architectural compatibility. Encourage bird-friendly design. Program L6.3.1 Develop guidelines for bird-friendly building design that minimizes hazards for birds and reduces the potential for collisions. Policy L-6.4 Policy L-6.5 In areas of the City having a historic or consistent design character, encourage the design of new development to maintain and support the existing character. Guide development to respect views of the foothills and East Bay hills along public street corridors in the developed portions of the City. 46 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 56     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T Policy L-6.6 Design buildings to complement streets and public spaces; to promote personal safety, public health and well- being; and to enhance a sense of community safety. Program L6.6.1 Modify design standards to ensure that mixed use development promotes a pedestrian- friendly relationship to the street, including elements such as screened parking or underground parking, street-facing windows and entries, and porches, windows, bays and balconies along public ways, and landscaping, and trees along the street. Avoid blank or solid walls at street level. Policy L-6.7 Where possible, avoid abrupt changes in scale and density between residential and non-residential areas and between residential areas of different densities. To promote compatibility and gradual transitions between land uses, place zoning district boundaries at mid-block locations rather than along streets wherever possible. Program L6.7.1 Implement architectural standards to assure they effectively address land use transitions. Support existing regulations that preserve exposure to natural light for single-family residences. Discourage the use of fences that obscure the view of the front of houses from the street. Policy L-6.8 Policy L-6.9 Policy L-6.10 Encourage high quality signage that is attractive, energy-efficient, and appropriate for the location, and balances visibility needs with aesthetic needs. GOAL L-7 Conservation and preservation of Palo Alto’s historic buildings, sites and districts. H ISTORIC R ESOURCES Policy L-7.1 Encourage public and private upkeep and preservation of resources that have historic merit, including residences listed in the City’s Historic Resource Inventory, the California Register of Historical Resources, or the National Register of Historic Places. Program L7.1.1 Update and maintain the City’s Historic Resource Inventory to include historic resources that are eligible for local, State, or federal listing. Historic resources may consist of a single building or structure or a district. Program L7.1.2 Reassess the Historic Preservation Ordinance to ensure its effectiveness in the maintenance and preservation of historic resources, particularly in the University Avenue/Downtown area. 47 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 57     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T Policy L-7.2 If a proposed project would substantially affect the exterior of a potential historic resource that has not been evaluated for inclusion into the City’s Historic Resources Inventory, City staff shall consider whether it is eligible for inclusion in State or federal registers prior to the issuance of a demolition or alterations permit. Minor exterior improvements that do not affect the architectural integrity of potentially historic buildings shall be exempt from consideration. Examples of minor improvements may include repair or replacement of features in kind, or other changes that do not alter character-defining features of the building. Policy L-7.3 Policy L-7.4 Policy L-7.5 Actively seek state and federal funding for the preservation of buildings of historical merit and consider public/private partnerships for capital and program improvements. Relocation may be considered as a preservation strategy when consistent with State and national standards regarding the relocation of historic resources. To reinforce the scale and character of University Avenue/Downtown, promote the preservation of significant historic buildings. Policy L-7.6 Policy L-7.7 Promote awards programs and other forms of public recognition for exemplary Historic Preservation projects. Streamline, to the maximum extent feasible, any future processes for design review of historic structures to eliminate unnecessary delay and uncertainty for the applicant and to encourage historic preservation. R EHABILITATION AND R EUSE Policy L-7.8 Promote adaptive reuse of old buildings. Program L7.8.1 Promote and expand available incentives for the retention and rehabilitation of buildings with historic merit in all zones and revise existing zoning and permit regulations to minimize constraints to adaptive reuse. Program L7.8.2 Create incentives to encourage salvage and reuse of discarded historic building materials. Program L7.8.3 Seek additional innovative ways to apply current codes and ordinances to older buildings. Use the State Historical Building Code for designated historic buildings. Policy L-7.9 Allow compatible nonconforming uses for the life of historic buildings. 48 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 58     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T Policy L-7.10 Policy L-7.11 Policy L-7.12 Ensure the preservation of significant historic resources owned by the City of Palo Alto. Allow such resources to be altered to meet contemporary needs consistent with the Secretary of the Interior Standards for Rehabilitation. For proposed exterior alterations or additions to designated Historic Landmarks, require design review findings that the proposed changes are in compliance with the Secretary of the Interior Standards for Rehabilitation. Maintain the historic integrity of building exteriors. Consider parking exceptions for historic buildings to encourage rehabilitation. Program L7.12.1 Review parking exceptions for historic buildings in the Zoning Code to determine if there is an effective balance between historic preservation and meeting parking needs. Policy L-7.13 Policy L-7.14 Encourage and assist owners of historically significant buildings in finding ways to adapt and rehabilitate these buildings, including participation in state and federal tax relief programs. Continue to use a TDR Ordinance to allow the transfer of development rights from designated buildings of historic significance in the Commercial Downtown (CD) zone to non-historic receiver sites in the CD zone. Consider revising the TDR Ordinance so that transferred development rights may be used only for residential development on the receiver sites. A RCHAEOLOGICAL R ESOURCES Policy L-7.15 Protect Palo Alto’s archaeological resources, including natural land formations, sacred sites, the historical landscape, historic habitats and remains of settlements here before the founding of Palo Alto in the 19th century. Policy L-7.16 Continue to consult with tribes as required by California Government Code Section 65352.3. In doing so, use appropriate procedures to accommodate tribal concerns when a tribe has a religious prohibition against revealing precise information about the location or previous practice at a particular sacred site. Policy L-7.17 Policy L-7.18 Assess the need for archaeological surveys and mitigation plans on a project-by-project basis, consistent with the California Environmental Quality Act and the National Historic Preservation Act. Require project proponents to meet State codes and regulations regarding the identification and protection of archaeological and paleontological deposits, and unique geologic features. 49 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 59     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T P ARKS AND G ATHERING P LACES GOAL L-8 Attractive and safe parks, civic and cultural facilities provided in all neighborhoods and maintained and used in ways that foster and enrich publiclife. Policy L-8.1 Facilitate creation of new parkland to serve Palo Alto's residential neighborhoods, as consistent with the Parks, Trails, Open Space and Recreation Master Plan. Policy L-8.2 Policy L-8.3 Provide comfortable seating areas and plazas with places for public art adjacent to library and community center entrances. Encourage small-scale local-serving retail services, such as small cafes, delicatessens and coffee carts, in civic centers: Mitchell Park, Rinconada Library and Cubberly Community Center. Policy L-8.4 Policy L-8.5 Create facilities for civic and intellectual life, such as better urban public spaces for civic programs and speakers, cultural, musical and artistic events. Recognize public art and cultural facilities as a community benefit. Encourage the development of new and the enhancement of existing public and private art and cultural facilities throughout Palo Alto. Ensure that such projects are compatible with the character and identity of the surrounding neighborhood. Policy L-8.6 Policy L-8.7 Seek potential new sites for art and cultural facilities, public spaces, open space and community gardens. Encourage religious and private institutions to collaborate with the community and the surrounding neighborhood. P UBLIC S TREETS AND P UBLIC S PACES GOAL L-9 Attractive, inviting public spaces and streets that enhance the image and character of the city. STREETS AND P ARKING Policy L-9.1 Recognize Sand Hill Road, University Avenue between Middlefield Road and San Francisquito Creek, Embarcadero Road, Page Mill Road, Oregon Expressway, Interstate 280, Arastradero Road (west of Foothill Expressway), Junipero Serra Boulevard/Foothill Expressway and Skyline Boulevard as scenic routes and preserve their scenic qualities. 50 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 60     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T Program L9.1.1 Evaluate existing zoning code setback requirements to ensure they are appropriate for scenic routes. Policy L-9.2 Encourage development that creatively integrates parking into the project, including by locating it behind buildings or underground wherever possible, or by providing for shared use of parking areas. Encourage other alternatives to surface parking lots that minimize the amount of land devoted to parking while still maintaining safe streets, street trees, a vibrant local economy and sufficient parking to meet demand. Policy L-9.3 Treat residential streets as both public ways and neighborhood amenities. Provide and maintain continuous sidewalks, healthy street trees, benches and other amenities that promote walking and “active” transportation. Program L9.3.1 Review standards for streets and signage and update as needed to foster natural, tree-lined streets with a minimum of signage. PUBLIC S PACES Policy L-9.4 Maintain and enhance existing public gathering places and open spaces and integrate new public spaces at a variety of scales. Policy L-9.5 Policy L-9.6 Encourage use of data-driven, innovative design methods and tactics and use data to understand to evaluate how different community members use public space. Create, preserve and enhance parks and publicly accessible, shared outdoor gathering spaces within walking and biking distance of residential neighborhoods. Program L9.6.1 Analyze existing neighborhoods and determine where publicly-accessible shared, outdoor gathering spaces are below the citywide standard. Create new public spaces, including public squares, parks and informal gathering spaces in these neighborhoods. G ATEWAYS Policy L-9.7 Strengthen the identity of important community-wide gateways, including the entrances to the City at Highway 101, El Camino Real and Middlefield Road; the Caltrain stations; entries to commercial districts; Embarcadero Road at El Camino Real and between Palo Alto and Stanford. 51 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 61     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T Program L9.7.1 Develop a strategy to enhance gateway sites with special landscaping, art, public spaces and/or public buildings. Emphasize the creek bridges and riparian settings at the entrances to the City over Adobe Creek and San Francisquito Creek. U RBAN F OREST Policy L-9.8 Incorporate the goals of the Urban Forest Master Plan, as periodically amended, into the Comprehensive Plan by reference in order to assure that new land uses recognize the many benefits of trees in the urban context and foster a healthy and robust tree canopy throughout the City. Program L9.8.1 Establish incentives to encourage native trees and low water use plantings in new development throughout the city. Policy L-9.9 Involve the Urban Forester, or appropriate City staff, in development review. U TILITIES AND I NFRASTRUCTURE Policy L-9.10 Design public infrastructure, including paving, signs, utility structures, parking garages and parking lots to meet high-quality urban design standards and embrace technological advances. Look for opportunities to use art and artists in the design of public infrastructure. Remove or mitigate elements of existing infrastructure that are unsightly or visually disruptive. Program L9.10.1 Continue the citywide undergrounding of utility wires. Minimize the impacts of undergrounding on street tree root systems and planting areas. Program L9.10.2 Encourage the use of compact and well-designed utility elements, such as transformers, switching devices, backflow preventers and telecommunications infrastructure. Place these elements in locations that will minimize their visual intrusion. Policy L-9.11 Provide utilities and service systems to serve all urbanized areas of Palo Alto and plan infrastructure maintenance and improvements to adequately serve existing and planned development. Program L9.11.1 Implement the findings of the City’s Infrastructure Blue Ribbon Committee and its emphasis for rebuilding our civic spaces. Program L9.11.2 Identify City-owned properties where combinations of wireless facilities can be co-located, assuming appropriate lease agreements are in place. 52 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 62     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T Policy L-9.12 Recognize the importance of regional infrastructure, such as the Regional Water Utility Infrastructure owned by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC). Program L9.12.1 Coordinate with regional utility providers on activities that would impact their infrastructure and right-of-way. GOAL L-10 Maintain an economically viable local airport with minimal environmental impacts. PALO A LTO A IRPORT Policy L-10.1 Operate Palo Alto Airport (PAO) as a vital and efficient facility at its current level of operation without intruding into open space areas. PAO should remain limited to a single runway and minor expansion shall only be allowed in order to meet federal and State airport design and safety standards. Program L10.1.1 Relocate the terminal building away from the Runway 31 clear zone and closer to the hangars, allowing for construction of a replacement terminal. Program L10.1.2 Update the Airport Layout Plan in accordance with Federal Aviation Administration requirements, as needed, while ensuring conformance with the Baylands Master Plan to the maximum extent feasible. Program L10.1.3 Identify and pursue funding to address maintenance, safety and security improvements needed at PAO. Policy L-10.2 Policy L-10.3 Regulate land uses in the Airport Influence Area to ensure consistency with the Palo Alto Airport Comprehensive Land Use Plan and the Baylands Master Plan. Minimize the environmental impacts associated with PAO operations, including adverse effects on the character of surrounding open space, noise levels and the quality of life in residential areas, as required by federal and State requirements. Program L10.3.1 Establish and implement a system for processing, tracking and reporting noise complaints regarding local airport operations on an annual basis. Program L10.3.2 Work with the airport to pursue opportunities to enhance the open space and habitat value of the airport. These include: h Maintaining native grasses; h Reconstructing levees to protect the airport from sea level rise while enhancing public access and habitat conservation; and h Evaluating the introduction of burrowing owl habitat. This program is subject to federal wildlife hazard requirements and guidelines for airports. Policy L-10.4 Provide public access to the Airport for bicyclists and pedestrians. 53 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 63     P A L O A L T O C O M P R E H E N S I V E P L A N L A N D U S E A N D C O M M U N I T Y D E S I G N E L E M E N T Program L10.4.1 Continue to provide a bicycle/pedestrian path adjacent to Embarcadero Road, consistent with the Baylands Master Plan and open space character of the baylands subject to federal and State airport regulations. Policy L-10.5 Policy L-10.6 Address the potential impacts of future sea level rise through reconstruction of the Bayfront levee in a manner that provides protection for the Airport and greater habitat along the San Francisco Bay frontage. Encourage the use of alternatives to leaded fuel in aircraft operating in and out of Palo Alto Airport. 54 Item 2 Attachment A     Packet Pg. 64     *NOT YET APPROVED* 1 Ordinance No. _____ Ordinance of the Council of the City of Palo Alto Adopting/Amending……… The Council of the City of Palo Alto ORDAINS as follows: SECTION 1. Findings and Declara ons SECTION 2. Chapter 18.14 (Housing Incen ves) of Title 18 (Zoning) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is added to read as follows: CHAPTER 18.14: HOUSING INCENTIVES (NEW CHAPTER; TRACKED CHANGES NOT SHOWN) 18.14.010 Purpose This chapter implements the regional housing needs strategy (RHNA) of the City’s Comprehensive Plan Housing Element to rezone opportunity sites; facilitates housing produc on; affirma vely furthers fair housing; and provides incen ves for housing development, especially below-market rate housing. 18.14.020 Housing Element Opportunity Sites This subsec on implements the rezonings required to meet the RHNA in the 2023-2031 Housing Element, pursuant to Appendix D. Regula ons iden fied in Table 1 and Table 2 modify and replace development standards provided in base zoning district and applicable combining district regula ons. a) Applicability: This subsec on applies to Housing Element opportunity sites listed in Appendix D. b) Permi ed Uses: Refer to the base zoning district and applicable combining districts for allowed uses, except:  Exclusively residen al uses are permi ed on all Housing Element opportunity sites. Combining district use regula ons shall not apply to exclusively residen al projects on Housing Element opportunity sites designated to accommodate lower income households.  Sites zoned to allow mixed use development and are iden fied on Appendix D of the Housing Element as suitable for lower income households, must be developed with a minimum of 50% residen al floor area. c) Development Standards: Refer to base zoning district and applicable combining districts for development standards except:  Residen al uses on R-1 zoned sites (faith-based ins tu ons) shall be subject to the development standards for the RM-30 zoning district, pursuant to Chapter 18.13.040, except that Maximum FAR shall be 1.25 and minimum density shall be 20 units per acre.  RM-20, RM-30, RM-40, CN, CS, CC, CC(2), CD-C, and CD-N zoned sites as modified by Table 1  GM, ROLM, and RP zoned sites as modified by Table 2  PF zoned sites shall meet the following development standards: Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 65     *NOT YET APPROVED* 2 o Downtown sites: CD-C standards, pursuant to Table 1 below o California Avenue sites: CC(2) standards, pursuant to Table 1 below  Stanford University-owned sites, as an alterna ve to State Density Bonus Law, shall meet base district regula ons as modified by Table 3 [PLACEHOLDER]  Combining district design and development standards shall not apply to exclusively residen al projects on Housing Element opportunity sites designated to accommodate lower income households. Table 1 Housing Element Opportunity Site Development Standards (Residen al and Commercial Mixed Use Districts) Base Zoning District Maximum FAR (1) Minimum Landscape Coverage Residen al Density (du/ac)(4) Other Development Standards Residen al Total Minimum Maximum CC(2) 1.5 2.0 (3) 20 See base district regula ons: 18.16.060 See base district regula ons: 18.16.060 CC 1.25 1.25 (3) 20 CS (El Camino Real) 1.25 1.25 (3) 20 CS (Other) 1.25 1.25 (3) 20 See HE Appendix D CN (El Camino Real) 1.25 1.25 30% (3) 20 See base district regula ons: 18.16.060 CN (Other) 1.25 1.25 30% (3) 20 See HE Appendix D CD-C 2.0 2.0 (2) (3) 20 See base district regula ons: 18.18.060 See base district regula ons: 18.18.060 CD-N 1.5 1.5 (3) 20 RM-40 1.5 1.5 (3) 31 See HE Appendix D See base district regula ons: 18.13.040 RM-30 1.25 1.25 (3) 20 RM-20 1.25 1.25 See 18.13.040 20 (1) Nothing in this table increases the non-residen al floor area permi ed in any district. (2) FAR may be increased with transfer of development rights; see Chapter 18.18 for details. (3) Landscape coverage may be provided above the ground-floor. If standard is not specified, refer to base district regula ons. (4) Where no maximum density is provided in terms of du/ac, maximum density shall be determined by es ma ng the realis c development capacity of the site based on the objec ve development standards applicable to the project. Where noted, refer to Housing Element Appendix D: Sites Inventory for specified densi es. Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 66     *NOT YET APPROVED* 3 Table 2 Housing Element Opportunity Site Development Standards (Office Commercial Mixed Use Districts) Base Zoning District Maximum FAR Minimum Landscape Coverage Maximum Lot Coverage Residen al Density (du/ac)(2) Maximum Height Minimum Parking Ra os Other Development Standards Residen al Total Minimum Maximum GM (Figure 1) 2.5 2.5 20% (1) 70% 20 None; 90 du/ac an cipated 60 1 space per studio/1-bed; 1.5 spaces per 2-bed+ See base district regula ons: 18.20.040 GM (Other) 1.5 1.5 30% (1) 70% 20 See HE Appendix D See 18.20.040 No change ROLM (Figure 1) 2.5 2.5 20% (1) 70% 20 None; 90 du/ac an cipated 60 1 space per studio/1-bed; 1.5 spaces per 2-bed+ ROLM (Other) 1.5 1.5 (1) 70% 20 None; 50 du/ac an cipated 45 No change RP 1.25 1.25 (1) See 18.20.040 20 None; 40 du/ac an cipated See 18.20.040 No change (1) Landscape coverage may be provided above the ground-floor. If standard is not specified, refer to base district regula ons. (2) These sites do not provide a maximum density in terms of du/ac; however, an cipated densi es have been determined by es ma ng the realis c development capacity of the site based on the objec ve development standards applicable to the project. Where noted, refer to Housing Element Appendix D: Sites Inventory for specified densi es. Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 67     *NOT YET APPROVED* 4 Figure 1: GM/ROLM Housing Element Focus Area Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 68     *NOT YET APPROVED* 5 Table 3 Housing Element Opportunity Site Development Standards (Stanford-Owned Sites) (PLACEHOLDER; DETAILED STANDARDS TO COME) Loca on RM-40: Pasteur Dr. & 1100 Welch Rd. CS: 3128 El Camino Real RP: 3300 El Camino Real Minimum Front Setback Maximum FAR Maximum Site/Landscape Coverage Maximum Lot Coverage Maximum Density (du/ac) Maximum Height Daylight Plane or Step Back Open Space Common Private Parking Regula ons Minimum Maximum Other Development Standards Design Criteria/Standards 18.14.030 Housing Incen ve Program (Reserved) 18.14.040 Affordable Housing Incen ve Program (Reserved) Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 69     *NOT YET APPROVED* 6 SECTION 3. Sec on 18.12.030 (Land Uses) of Chapter 18.12 (R-1 Single-Family Residen al District) of Title 18 (Zoning) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is amended to read as follows (CHANGES SHOWN IN UNDERLINE STRIKEOUT): 18.12.030 Land Uses The permi ed and condi onally permi ed uses for the single family residen al districts are shown in Table 1: Table 1 PERMITTED AND CONDITIONAL R-1 RESIDENTIAL USES R-1 and all R-1 Subdistricts Subject to Regula ons in: [. . .] RESIDENTIAL USES Single-Family P Two-Family use, under one ownership P 18.42.180 Mobile Homes P 18.42.180 Mul ple-Family P(2) 18.14.020 Residen al Care Homes P [. . .] (1) An Accessory Dwelling Unit or a Junior Accessory Dwelling Unit associated with a single-family residence on a lot is permi ed, subject to the provisions of Chapter 18.09. (2) Housing Element opportunity sites (faith-based ins tu ons) only. SECTION 4. Sec on 18.12.040 (Development Standards) of Chapter 18.12 (R-1 Single-Family Residen al District) of Title 18 (Zoning) of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is amended to read as follows: 18.12.040 Development Standards (a) Site Specifica ons, Building Size, Height and Bulk, and Residen al Density The development standards for the R-1 district and the R-1 subdistricts are shown in Table 2, except: (1) To the extent such standards may be modified by Sec on 18.42.180 for two-family uses pursuant to California Government Code Sec on 65852.21 (SB 9, 2021; (2) On Housing Element opportunity sites (faith-based ins tu ons): development standards for Mul ple-Family uses are iden fied in Sec on 18.14.020, which states that sites shall meet the development standards for the RM-30 zoning district, except that Maximum FAR shall be 1.25. [. . .] Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 70     *NOT YET APPROVED* 7 SECTION 5. Chapter 18.13: MULTIPLE FAMILY RESIDENTIAL (RM-20, RM-30 AND RM-40) DISTRICTS [. . .] 18.13.040 Development Standards (a) Site Specifica ons, Building Size and Bulk, and Residen al Density The site development regula ons in Table 2 shall apply in the mul ple-family residence districts, provided that more restric ve regula ons may be recommended by the Architectural Review Board and approved by the Director of Planning and Development Services, pursuant to the regula ons set forth in Chapter 18.76, and the objec ve design standards set forth in Chapter 18.24. Except that sites designated as Housing Element Opportunity Sites shall meet the development standards specified in Chapter 18.14.020. Table 2 Mul ple Family Residen al Development Table RM-20 RM-30 RM-40 Subject to regula ons in: [. . .] Maximum Site Coverage: Base 35% 40% 45% Addi onal area permi ed to be covered by covered pa os or overhangs otherwise in compliance with all applicable laws 5% 5% 5% Maximum Floor Area Ra o (FAR)(4) 0.5:1 0.6:1 1.0:1 Residen al Density (units) Maximum number of units per acre(3) 20 30 40 18.13.040(g) 18.14.020 Minimum number of units per acre(8) 11 16 21 18.14.020 Minimum Site Open Space(5) (percent) 35 30 20 18.13.040(e) 18.14.020 Minimum Usable Open Space (sf per unit)(5) 150 150 150 Minimum common open space (sf per unit) 75 75 75 18.13.040(e) Minimum private open space (sf per unit) 50 50 50 Performance Criteria See provisions of Chapter 18.23 Ch. 18.23 Landscape Requirements 18.40.130 Parking(6) See provisions of Chapter 18.52 Ch. 18.52 [. . .] Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 71     *NOT YET APPROVED* 8 SECTION 6. Chapter 18.20: OFFICE, RESEARCH, AND MANUFACTURING (MOR, ROLM, RP, AND GM) [. . .] 18.20.030 Land Uses (a) Permi ed and Condi onally Permi ed Land Uses Table 1 lists the land uses permi ed or condi onally permi ed in the industrial and manufacturing districts. Table 1 Industrial/Manufacturing District Land Uses [P = Permi ed Use CUP = Condi onal Use Permit Required] MOR ROLM ROLM(E) RP RP(5) GM Subject to Regula ons in Chapter: … RESIDENTIAL USES Single-Family Not permi ed 18.20.040(b) Two-Family Not permi ed Mul ple-Family (Housing Element Opportunity Site) P P P 18.14.020 Mul ple-Family (Other Sites) CUP CUP CUP CUP(1) 18.14.020 Residen al Care Homes P CUP CUP CUP 18.23.100(B) … (1) Adjacent to Bayshore Freeway and generally bounded by East Charleston Road and Loma Verde Avenue (see Figure 1), subject to CUP [. . .] Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 72     *NOT YET APPROVED* 9 Figure 1: GM/ROLM Housing Element Focus Area Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 73     *NOT YET APPROVED* 10 18.20.040 Site Development Standards [. . .] (b) Development Standards for Exclusively Residen al Uses Residen al uses shall be permi ed in the MOR, RP, RP(5), ROLM, ROLM(E), and GM zoning districts, subject to the following criteria. (1) It is the intent of these provisions that a compa ble transi on be provided from lower density residen al zones to higher density residen al or non-residen al zones. The Village Residen al development type should be evaluated for use in transi on areas and will provide the greatest flexibility to provide a mix of residence types compa ble with adjacent neighborhoods. (2) No new single-family or two-family residen al development is permi ed in any of the office, research and manufacturing districts, and no new residen al development is permi ed within 300 feet of an exis ng Hazardous Materials Tier 2 use. Exis ng single-family and two-family uses and exis ng residen al development within 300 feet of an exis ng Hazardous Materials Tier 2 use shall be permi ed to remain, consistent with the provisions of Chapter 18.70 (Nonconforming Uses and Noncomplying Facili es). (3) MOR District. All mul -family development in the MOR zoning district shall be permi ed subject to approval of a condi onal use permit and compliance with the development standards prescribed for the RM-30 zoning district. (4) RP and RP(5) Districts. All mul -family development in the RP, and RP(5) zoning districts that is located within 150 feet of an R-E, R-1, R-2, RMD, or similar density residen al PC zone shall be permi ed subject to the provisions above in 18.20.040(b)(2), approval of a condi onal use permit, and compliance with the development standards prescribed for the RM-20 zoning district, including Village Residen al development types. Mul -family development in the MOR, RP, and RP(5) zoning districts that is located greater than 150 feet from an R-E, R-1, R-2, RMD, or low density residen al PC shall be permi ed subject to the provisions above in 18.20.040(b)(2), approval of a condi onal use permit, and compliance with the development standards prescribed for the RM-30 zoning district, except for sites designated as Housing Element Opportunity Sites, which are regulated by Chapter 18.14.020. (5) ROLM (E) District. All mul -family development in the ROLM(E) zoning district shall be permi ed subject to the provisions above in 18.20.040(b)(2), approval of a condi onal use permit, and compliance with the development standards prescribed for the RM-20 zoning district. (6) ROLM District. All mul -family development in the ROLM zoning district shall be permi ed subject to the provisions above in 18.20.040(b)(2), approval of a condi onal use permit, and compliance with the development standards prescribed for the RM-30 zoning district, except for sites designated as Housing Element Opportunity Sites, which are regulated by Chapter 18.14.020. (7) GM District. All residen al development is prohibited in the GM zoning district, except for sites designated as Housing Element Opportunity Sites, which are regulated by Chapter 18.14.020. Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 74     *NOT YET APPROVED* 11 (8) Combining Districts. Combining district use regula ons and design and development standards shall not apply to exclusively residen al projects on Housing Element opportunity sites designated to accommodate lower income households. (c) Development Standards for Mixed (Residen al and Nonresiden al) Uses in the MOR, ROLM, ROLM(E), RP, and RP(5) zoning Districts Mixed (residen al and nonresiden al) uses shall be permi ed in the MOR, ROLM, ROLM(E), RP, and RP(5) zoning districts, subject to the following criteria: (1) It is the intent of these provisions that a compa ble transi on be provided from lower density residen al zones to higher density residen al, non-residen al, or mixed use zones. The Village Residen al development type should be evaluated for use in transi on areas and will provide the greatest flexibility to provide a mix of residence types compa ble with adjacent neighborhoods. (2) New sensi ve receptor land uses shall not be permi ed within 300 feet of a Hazardous Materials Tier 2 or Tier 3 use. Exis ng sensi ve receptors shall be permi ed to remain, consistent with the provisions of Chapter 18.70 (Nonconforming Uses and Noncomplying Facili es). (3) ROLM(E) District. Mixed (residen al and nonresiden al) development in the ROLM(E) zoning district shall be permi ed, subject to the provisions above in 18.20.040(c)(2), approval of a condi onal use permit, determina on that the nonresiden al use is allowable in the district and that the residen al component of the development complies with the development standards prescribed for the RM-20 zoning district. The maximum floor area ra o (FAR) for mixed use development is 0.3 to 1. (4) ROLM District. Mixed (residen al and nonresiden al) development in the ROLM zoning district shall be permi ed, subject to the provisions above in 18.20.040(c)(2), approval of a condi onal use permit, determina on that the nonresiden al use is allowable in the district and that the residen al component of the development complies with the development standards prescribed for the RM-30 zoning district. The maximum floor area ra o (FAR) for mixed use development is 0.4 to 1. Except that sites designated as Housing Element Opportunity Sites shall meet the development standards specified in Chapter 18.14.020. (5) GM District. Mixed use (residen al and nonresiden al) development is prohibited in the GM zoning district, except for sites designated as Housing Element Opportunity Sites, which are regulated by Chapter 18.14.020. In compu ng residen al densi es for mixed (residen al and nonresiden al) uses, the density calcula on for the residen al use shall be based on the en re site, including the nonresiden al por on of the site. [. . .] Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 75     *NOT YET APPROVED* 12 SECTION 7. Chapter 18.16: NEIGHBORHOOD, COMMUNITY, AND SERVICE COMMERCIAL (CN, CC AND CS) DISTRICTS [. . .] 18.16.060 Development Standards [. . .] (b) Mixed Use and Residen al Table 4 specifies the development standards for new residen al mixed use developments and residen al developments. These developments shall be designed and constructed in compliance with the following requirements and the objec ve design standards in Chapter 18.24. Except that sites designated as Housing Element Opportunity Sites shall meet the development standards as modified in Chapter 18.14.020. Non-Housing Development Projects and Housing Development Projects that elect to deviate from one or more objec ve standards in Chapter 18.24 shall meet the context-based design criteria outlined in Sec on 18.16.090, provided that more restric ve regula ons may be recommended by the architectural review board and approved by the director of planning and development services, pursuant to Sec on 18.76.020. Table 4 Mixed Use and Residen al Development Standards CN CC CC(2) CS Subject to regula ons in: [. . .] Maximum Site Coverage 50% 50% 100% 50% Minimum Landscape/Open Space Coverage 35% 30% 20% 30% 18.14.020 Usable Open Space (Private and/or Common) 150 sq per unit (2) 18.16.090 Maximum Height () Standard 35' (4) 50' 37' 50' Por ons of a site within 150 . of an abu ng residen al district (other than an RM-40 or PC zone) (5) 35' 35' 35' 35' 18.08.030 Daylight Plane for lot lines abu ng one or more residen al zoning districts Daylight plane height and slope shall be iden cal to those of the most restric ve residen al zoning district abu ng the lot line Residen al Density (net) (3) 15 or 20 (9) See sub- sec on (e) below No maximum 30 18.16.060(i) 18.14.020 Sites on El Camino Real No maximum No maximum Maximum Residen al Floor Area Ra o (FAR) 0.5:1 (4) 0.6:1 0.6:1 18.16.065 18.14.020 Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 76     *NOT YET APPROVED* 13 CN CC CC(2) CS Subject to regula ons in: [. . .] Maximum Nonresiden al Floor Area Ra o (FAR) 0.4:1 2.0:1 0.4:1 Total Mixed Use Floor Area Ra o (FAR) 0.9:1 (4) 2.0:1 1.0:1 18.16.065 18.14.020 Minimum Mixed Use Ground Floor Commercial FAR (6) 0.15:1(10) 0.15:1(10) 0.25:1 (7) (10) 0.15:1 (10) Parking See Chapters 18.52 and 18.54 (Parking) 18.52, 18.54 [. . .] (c) Exclusively Residen al Uses Exclusively residen al uses are generally prohibited in the CN, CS, CC(2) and CC zone districts, except on housing inventory sites iden fied in the Housing Element, subject to the standards in Sec on 18.16.060(b), and on CS and CN sites on El Camino Real and CC(2) sites, subject to the following. (1) On CS and CN sites on El Camino Real and on CC(2) sites, where the retail shopping (R) combining district or the retail preserva on provisions of Sec on 18.40.180 do not apply, exclusively residen al uses are allowed subject to the standards in Sec on 18.16.060(b) and the following addi onal requirements: (A) Residen al units shall not be permi ed on the ground-floor of development fron ng on El Camino Real unless set back a minimum of 15 feet from the property line or the 12-foot effec ve sidewalk setback along the El Camino Real frontage, whichever is greater. Common areas, such as lobbies, stoops, community rooms, and work-out spaces with windows and architectural detail are permi ed on the ground-floor El Camino Real frontage. (B) Parking shall be located behind buildings or below grade, or, if infeasible, screened by landscaping, low walls, or garage structures with architectural detail. (C) Combining district use regula ons and design and development standards shall not apply to exclusively residen al projects on Housing Element opportunity sites designated to accommodate lower income households. Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 77     *NOT YET APPROVED* 14 SECTION 8. Chapter 18.18: DOWNTOWN COMMERCIAL (CD) DISTRICT 18.18.060 Development Standards [. . .] (b) Mixed Use and Residen al Table 3 specifies the development standards for new residen al mixed use developments and residen al developments. Housing Development Projects shall be designed and constructed in compliance with the following requirements and the objec ve design standards in Chapter 18.24. Non- Housing Development Projects and Housing Development Projects that elect to deviate from one or more objec ve standards in Chapter 18.24 shall meet context-based design criteria outlines in Sec on 18.18.110, provided that more restric ve regula ons may be recommended by the architectural review board and approved by the director of planning and development services, pursuant to Sec on 18.76.020: TABLE 3 MIXED USE AND RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS CD-C CD-S CD-N Subject to regula ons in Sec on: [. . .] Maximum Site Coverage No requirement 50% 50% Minimum Landscape Open Space Coverage 20% 30% 35% 18.14.020 Usable Open Space (Private and/or Common) 150 sq per unit (1) 18.18.110 Maximum Height () Standard 50' 50' 35' 18.08.030 Por ons of a site within 150 . of an abu ng residen al district (other than an RM-40 or PC zone)(4) 40' 40' 35' 18.08.030 Daylight Plane for lot lines abu ng one or more residen al zoning districts or a residen al PC district Daylight plane height and slope iden cal to those of the most restric ve residen al zone abu ng the lot line Residen al Density (net)(2) No maximum 30 30 18.14.020 Maximum Weighted Average Residen al Unit Size(5) 1,500 sq per unit No maximum No maximum Maximum Residen al Floor Area Ra o (FAR) 1.0:1(3) 0.6:1(3) 0.5:1(3) 18.14.020, 18.18.065, 18.18.070 Maximum Nonresiden al Floor Area Ra o (FAR) 1.0:1(3) 0.4:1 0.4:1 Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 78     *NOT YET APPROVED* 15 Total Floor Area Ra o (FAR)(3) 2.0:1(3) 1.0:1(3) 0.9:1(3) 18.14.020, 18.18.065, 18.18.070 Parking Requirement See Chapters 18.52 and 18.54 Chs. 18.52, 18.54 [. . .] (c) Exclusively Residen al Uses (1) Exclusively residen al uses are allowed in the CD-C subdistrict, except in the ground floor (GF) combining district. However, GF combining district use regula ons and design and development standards shall not apply to exclusively residen al projects on Housing Element opportunity sites designated to accommodate lower income households. (2) Exclusively residen al uses are generally prohibited in the CD-N and CD-S subdistricts. Such uses are allowed, however, where a site is designated as a housing inventory site in the Housing Element of the Comprehensive Plan. Such sites shall be developed pursuant to the regula ons for the mul -family zone designa on (RM-20, RM-30, or RM-40) iden fied for the site in the Housing Element. SECTION 9. Chapter 18.28 SPECIAL PURPOSE (PF, OS and AC) DISTRICTS [. . .] 18.28.040 Land Uses Table 1 shows the permi ed (P) and condi onally permi ed (CUP) land uses for the Special Purpose Districts. Table 1 Land Uses PF OS AC Subject to Regula ons in Chapter: [. . .] Single-family dwellings P Manufactured housing (including mobile homes on permanent founda ons) P 18.40. Mul ple-Family (Housing Element Opportunity Site) P 18.14.020 Guest ranches CUP Residen al care facili es, when u lizing exis ng structures on the site CUP(1) Residen al Care Homes P Residen al use, and accessory buildings and uses customarily incidental to permi ed dwellings; provided, however, that such permi ed dwellings shall be for the exclusive use of the owner or owners, or lessee or lessor of land upon which the permi ed agricultural use is conducted, and the P Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 79     *NOT YET APPROVED* 16 residence of other members of the same family and bona fide employees of the aforemen oned [. . .] [. . .] 18.28.050 Site Development Standards (a) Development Standards. On Housing Element opportunity sites (City-owned parking lots): development standards are iden fied in Sec on 18.14.020 Table 2 Special Purpose District Site Development Standards [. . .] (b) Open Space Impervious Coverage and Floor Area (1) Residen al Use The impervious coverage and floor area ra os shall be determined based on a sliding scale calcula on. Table 3 provides the range of allowable percentages for the calcula on. Allowable development for other site sizes between 1 and 10 acres shall be calculated on a prorated basis between the acreages shown in Table 3. Except that on Housing Element opportunity sites (City-owned parking lots), development standards are iden fied in Sec on 18.14.020. Table 3 Open Space Residen al Impervious Coverage and Floor Area Ra o Scale [. . .] Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 80     *NOT YET APPROVED* 17 INTRODUCED: PASSED: AYES: NOES: ABSENT: ABSTENTIONS: ATTEST: ____________________________ ____________________________ City Clerk Mayor APPROVED AS TO FORM: APPROVED: ____________________________ ____________________________ Assistant City A orney City Manager ____________________________ Director of ____________________________ Director of Item 2 Attachment B     Packet Pg. 81     5-4 5.6 GOAL 6.0 – FAIR HOUSING Promote equal opportunity in all City housing types (ownership and rental, market rate and affordable) for all residents to have safe and accessible housing. POLIC Y 6.1 Support programs and agencies that seek to eliminate housing discrimination. (Existing Policy H4.1) POLIC Y 6.2 Conduct fair housing outreach and education for residents, property owners, and housing providers to ensure each understands their rights and responsibilities. POLIC Y 6.3 Identify mechanisms to increase production and access to housing. POLIC Y 6 .4 Enforce notification and relocation assistance requirements for low income households displaced due to demolition, condominium conversion, and persons displaced due to code enforcement activities of illegally converted or substandard residential dwellings. POLIC Y 6.5 Support and provide ways to empower community members to participate in community development. 5.7 PROGRAMS & IMPLEMENTING OBJECTIVES PROGRAM 1 : MAINTAIN SITES . Programs that identify adequate sites, with appropriate zoning and development standards to accommodate Palo Alto’s RHNA allocation for each income level: P ROGRAM 1 .1 : A DEQUATE S ITES P ROGRAM Through zoning and comprehensive plan designations, the City maintains a residential site inventory that is adequate to accommodate the City’s share of regional housing needs. The City’s Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) is 6,086 units (1,556 units for very-low income, 896 units for low income, 1,013 units for moderate income, and 2,621 units for above moderate income). With anticipated pipeline projects (778 units) and projected accessory dwelling unit production (512 units); a total of 1,290 units can be credited toward the City’s RHNA. Based on the City’s Site Inventory capacity analysis (see Appendix D), the remaining 4,796 units (1,869 lower-income, 773 moderate-income, 2,154 above moderate- income) can be achieved through various strategies to accommodate future housing needs. Specifically, the City is able to accommodate 1,575 units of the remaining RHNA obligation with sites with appropriate zoning and development standards, in the following income categories (298 very low, 304 low, 335 Item 2 Attachment C     Packet Pg. 82     5-5 moderate, and 638 above moderate income). Therefore, the City has a remaining shortfall of sites for 4,511 units (1,258 very low, 592 low, 678 moderate, and 1,983 above moderate income) that must be accommodated with rezoning and upzoning. Responsible Agency: Planning and Development Services Funding Sources(s): General Fund Implementing Objective: A. Amend the Comprehensive Plan and zoning districts as needed for properties identified to meet the City’s RHNA obligations. The amendments include changes to allow increased residential densities shown in Appendix D in developments and relevant development standards to accommodate increased density, and modifications to allowable uses to permit multi-family residential uses where it is not currently allowed. Examples of possible changes include adjustments to building height, lot coverage, floor area ratios, ground floor landscaping requirement, and parking, as discussed in Chapter 4, Analysis of Land Use Controls. The rezone/upzoning shall include the following provisions of Government Code Section 65583.2(h) and (i) for sites accommodating lower incomes: (1) By-right development of multi-family developments in which 20 percent or more of units are affordable to lower income households and no subdivision is needed; (2) Accommodation of at least 16 units per site; (3) Minimum density of 20 units per acre; (4) Because 50 percent of the lower-income need cannot be accommodated on sites designated for residential use only, a portion shall be accomodated on sites zoned for mixed uses that allow 100 percent residential use, and require that residential use occupy at least 50 percent of the total floor area of a mixed-use project. The rezoning includes the following requirements for these Stanford-owned properties: i. For the housing opportunity site located at the corner of Pasteur Drive and Sand Hill Road and the adjoining property at 1100 Welch Road, as an alternative to the State Density Bonus law, amend zoning regulations to allow approximately net new 425 units up to 85 feet in height; redevelopment of the Welch Road property shall comply with the replacement housing provisions of the Housing Crisis Act, which will substantially protect tenants from displacement. ii. For the housing opportunity site located at 3128 El Camino Real (McDonald’s), as an alternative to the State Density Bonus law, amend zon ing regulations to allow at least 144 housing units with a maximum height of 50 feet nearest El Camino Real and transitioning taller away from the street to minimize a wall effect; allow a minimum of 315 housing units if combined with an adjacent property. iii. For the housing opportunity site located at 3300 El Camino Real, as an alternative to the State Density Bonus law, allow up to 200 housing units, up to a 1.4:1 floor area ratio (FAR) with a 20% inclusionary housing requirement consistent with the City’s Planned Home Zoning process; commercial office approved or permitted on this property is in addition to the floor area allowed for the future housing project. Item 2 Attachment C     Packet Pg. 83     5-6 Time Frame: Complete by January 31, 2024 Quantified Objective: The City will amend the Comprehensive Plan or zoning designation of 291 properties located in commercial, industrial or residential zoning districts that combined will generate a realistic yield for 5,537 housing units. B. Rezone ROLM and GM zoned properties to allow multi-family residential housing with a density of 90 dwelling units per acre for those properties nearest Bayshore Freeway and generally bounded by East Charleston Road and Loma Verde Avenue. This action will require additional changes to the related development standard to accommodate higher density development. Examples of specific changes to development standards are discussed in Chapter 4, Analysis of Land Use Controls. Time Frame: Complete by January 31, 2024 Quantified Objective: The City will rezone approximately 146 sites in the designated area, including the already identified housing inventory sites, to allow for development at 90 dwelling units per acre. C. Maintain an updated inventory of housing sites and actively promote sites available for lower- and moderate-income housing development to potential developers, private and non-profit organizations, and other interested persons. Post information on the City’s website and update as necessary to maintain accurate information. D. Maintain an updated list of residential housing projects that have been submitted, approved, and denied throughout the housing cycle. Time Frame: Post information on the City’s website by January 2024 and update annually, or more often if needed. Quantified Objective: Support the development of 1,556 units for very-low income, 896 units for low income, 1,013 units for moderate income, and 2,621 above-moderate households during the planning period. E. Provide technical assistance and information on parcels available for lower-income developments to private or non-profit housing developers. Technical assistance includes land development counseling by staff planners. Time Frame: Develop technical assistance program by June 2024 and set/publish regular hours for assistance on the City’s website. Quantified Objective: Support the development of 1,556 units for very-low income, 896 units for low income households during the planning period. Primary Associated Goals and Policies: Goals: 2, 3, 4 Policies: 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.2, 4.4 Item 2 Attachment C     Packet Pg. 84     4-27 A NALYSIS OF L AND U SE C ONTROLS This section analyzes the impact of all relevant land use controls on whether, independently and cumulatively, they present a constraint on the development of a variety of housing types. In summary, this analysis reveals standards that represent a constraint to achieving housing production at densities specified in the existing regulations and/or rezonings identified to meet the RHNA. First, the ground-level landscaping requirement, generally 20 percent minimum, acts as a lot coverage limitation in the commercial mixed use districts and represents a constraint to housing production at densities identified in the Sites Inventory. The landscaping standard is proposed to be modified as part of the Program 1.1 zoning changes in order to achieve the stated density. Second, proposed density changes in the ROLM to meet the RHNA, from 30 du/ac to 65 du/ac, will mean that other existing standards, such as height, FAR, landscaping/lot coverage, or parking, will be constraints to achieving the density threshold. These standards are also proposed to be modified as part of Program 1.1 to facilitate housing production at stated densities. To evaluate constraints, the City has prepared physical site test models of all development standards specified in the Zoning Ordinance and summarized in the tables above , including setbacks, coverage, density, FAR, open space, building height, and parking. These models illustrate that multi-family development is physically feasible in all zones that allow housing, including on the smaller sites in the Sites Inventory. Townhomes are feasible in all scenarios. Stacked flats are generally feasible, but larger sites (above 10,000 sq. ft.) and/or corner lots are better for allowing parking and circulation access. Smaller sites and interior lots are generally more constrained. However, as detailed further below, in some instances, development standards need to be modified to achieve the RHNA densities projected for some properties in the Sites Inventory. Notably, residential density and parking standards do not correlate. Since the City requires 1 space/unit for studios and 1-bedrooms, but 2 spaces/unit for 2+ bedrooms, in a hypothetical project, the same amount of parking can serve either more studios/1-bedrooms (higher densities) or fewer 2+ bedroom units (lower densities). These parking requirements apply to all multifamily projects regardless of zone. Multifamily projects are being approved and built in Palo Alto in townhome and stacked flat configurations, which suggests that projects are financially feasible for at least these projects. Some of these projects take advantage of the Housing Incentive Program or State Density Bonus Law for increased density, which generally improves financial feasibility for low and moderate-density buildings using wood construction. Housing development projects that meet objective development and design standards have a high level of certainty for approval, potentially within 60 days of completeness for projects undergoing the City’s Streamlined Review Process (subject to one study session with the ARB) or other State streamlining bills (e.g., SB35 or AB2162) and exempt from CEQA. Projects that seek exceptions and utilize the subjective Context-Based Design Criteria and Architectural Review Process are subject to subjective findings and up to three public hearings with the ARB. Item 2 Attachment D     Packet Pg. 85     4-28 Figure 4-2 CD(C) Zone Model This 5,125 square foot CD(C) site accommodates four dwelling units in a townhome typology. This district does not have setback or residential density standards, but does have a 50-foot height limit (which reduces to 40 feet at the front of the site which is within 150 feet of a lower density residential district ). At 1.23 FAR, this model exceeds the base FAR of 1.0, but is still below the Housing Incentive Program limit of 3.0 FAR. FAR is the density limit for the district since there is no residential density standard expressed in du/ac. The model also achieves the ground-level 20 percent landscape and 150 square feet/unit open space requirements, average unit size maximum of 1,500 square feet, and provides 2 parking spaces per unit in a tandem configuration. The resulting 3-story townhome attached townhome typology is a wood construction type that is cost effective and commonly found in the area. Existing zoning and proposed Housing Element programs provide a path to achieve more units and change housing and construction types to stacked flats. . In the absence of a maximum density expressed in dwelling units per acre, various development standards would need to be modified to increase density on the site. For example, based the City’s analysis, the percent ground-level landscaping standard precludes the project from achieving the allowable density and therefore represents a constraint on housing production at the 50 du/ac threshold identified in the Sites Inventory for sites within 1/4 mile of major transit. As part of Program 1.1, standards will be modified to allow the landscaping standard to be met above ground-level (e.g., on a courtyard or the rooftop). This change could allow podium construction, accommodate more units and parking, still within the existing height limit. Further, 100 percent below- market rate projects could benefit from other development standards through the existing HIP to achieve Item 2 Attachment D     Packet Pg. 86     4-29 substantially more units per acre. AB2097 also exempts this site from parking requirements altogether, which would also increase unit yield beyond what is illustrated here. Figure 4-3 CN Zone Model This 15,800 square foot CN site accommodates 12 apartments and ground-floor retail in a mixed-use typology. Key standards modeled include setbacks, 20 percent ground-floor landscape coverage, 35-foot maximum building height, and the land use requirement to provide ground-floor retail. There is no maximum residential density expressed in du/ac for sites on El Camino Real in this district, but FAR of 1.5 and lot coverage of 100 percent is permitted with the Housing Incentive Program. The model provides the required 21 parking spaces in a below-grade garage. Although subterranean parking is a high cost option, it is somewhat common in Palo Alto. The ground-level landscaping requirement represents a constraint to achieving the 40 du/ac density threshold identified in the Sites Inventory for this site which is located within a ½ mile of a major transit corridor. Program 1.1 addresses the zoning constraint imposed by modifying the landscaping coverage standard to achieve Sites Inventory densities. To incentivize greater housing production potential, as an alternative to State Density Bonus Law, Program 3.4 proposes changes to the Housing Incentive Program. For example, greater building height and adjustments to the daylight plane, could be used to achieve more density, while bringing the parking above-grade. Further, the Housing Incentive Program offers 100 percent below-market rate projects relief from these other development standards, including parking as low as 0.75/unit, height up to 50 feet, and landscaping above the ground-floor. Item 2 Attachment D     Packet Pg. 87     4-30 Figure 4-4 RM-20 Zone Model This 10,000 square foot site accommodates four townhome units, achieving 18 du/ac in a zone that allows 20 du/ac. The model takes into account setbacks, 30-foot height limit, daylight plane requirements, 35 percent lot coverage, 35 percent ground-floor landscaping and 150 square feet per unit open space requirements and achieves the 8 parking spaces required for 3- and 4-bedroom units through tuck-under and surface parking. State law already allows up to at least 1.0 FAR. The resulting 3-story attached townhome typology is a wood construction type that is cost effective and commonly found in the area. Surface and tuck-under parking are likewise cost effective. Existing zoning and proposed Housing Element programs provide a path for how to achieve even more units. Program 1.1A requires RM sites to receive a density increase, in this case from 20 to 30 du/ac. This would provide the option of more and smaller units (i.e., studios and 1-bedrooms) which carry lower parking requirements. Thus, this site could achieve five or six units (up to 26 du/ac) while still providing just seven or eight total parking spaces. Item 2 Attachment D     Packet Pg. 88     4-31 Figure 4-5 RM-30 Zone Model This 6,600 square foot site accommodates four townhome units, achieving 27 du/ac in a zone that allows 30 du/ac. The model takes into account setbacks, 35-foot height limit, daylight plane requirements, 40 percent lot coverage, 35 percent ground-floor landscaping and 150 square feet per unit open space requirements, and achieve the 8 parking spaces required through tuck-under parking. State law already allows up to at least 1.0 FAR. The resulting 3-story attached townhome typology is a wood construction type that is cost effective and commonly found in the area. Existing zoning and proposed Housing Element programs provide a path for how to achieve even more units. Program 1.1A requires RM sites to receive a density increase, in this case from 30 to 40 du/ac. This would provide the option of more and smaller units (i.e., studios and 1-bedrooms) which carry lower parking requirements. Thus, this site could achieve up to six units (up to 40 du/ac) while still providing six to eight total parking spaces. Item 2 Attachment D     Packet Pg. 89     4-32 Figure 4-6 RM-40 Zone Model – Parking Compliant with City Code This 5,000 square foot site accommodates four apartments, achieving 35 du/ac in a zone that allows 40 du/ac. The model takes into account setbacks, 40-foot height limit, daylight plane requirements, 45 percent lot coverage, 20 percent ground-floor landscaping and 150 square feet per unit open space requirements, and achieves the 7 parking spaces required through a ground-level garage. State law already allows up to at least 1.0 FAR. The resulting 3-story attached townhome typology is a wood construction type that is cost effective and commonly found in the area. State law, existing zoning and proposed Housing Element programs provide a path for how to achieve even more units. Program 1.1A requires RM sites, to receive a density increase, in this case from 40 to 50 du/ac. On smaller sites distant from transit, mechanical lifts may be necessary to meet parking requirements while still allowing for circulation in the driveway and garage. Mechanical lifts are allowed and have been used in Palo Alto as a viable way to shrink the footprint devoted to parking. Larger sites (e.g., 10,000 sq. ft.) allow for improved garage and driveway circulation that can physically accommodate parking. But, the City also modeled a 5,000 square foot interior lot, as opposed to a corner lot, which proved to be more challenging to design driveways and garage circulation. On interior lots, no parking or reduced parking strategies allowed for higher unit yields. Sites located within ½-mile of transit may invoke AB2097 parking reductions that would allow for additional unit yield up to 50 du/ac. Item 2 Attachment D     Packet Pg. 90     4-33 On this small site, to achieve five units (up to 50 du/ac), the model could develop a range of studios or 1- bedrooms (which carry lower parking requirements) thereby achieving the maximum density while still providing up to seven total parking spaces, even without the use of mechanical lifts. Figure 4-7 ROLM Zone Model – Existing Zoning: 16 du/ac Yield This 1-acre ROLM site accommodates 16 townhome units, achieving 16 du/ac in a zone that allows 30 du/ac. This zone district generally follows the RM-30 zoning standards. Therefore, the model takes into account setbacks, 35-foot height limit, daylight plane requirements, 40 percent lot coverage, 35 percent ground-floor landscaping and 150 square feet per unit open space requirements, and achieves the 32 parking spaces required. The resulting 3-story attached townhome typology is a wood construction type that is cost effective and commonly found in the area. Item 2 Attachment D     Packet Pg. 91     4-34 However, this model is not achieving the full allowable density, which allows for up to 30 dwelling units. With the current standards, 30 units are not feasible on this 1-acre site. This is primarily due to the 40 percent lot coverage and 0.6 FAR limits, and to some extent the depth of the parcel which necessitates a full hammerhead design to accommodate Fire Department access. These standards represent a constraint to achieving the density set forth in the code. Ways to rectify this constraint are described below. Figure 4-8 ROLM Zone Model – Existing Zoning: 30 du/ac Yield The figure above explores what it will take to achieve 30 du/ac and transition from a townhome to an apartment typology, namely: (1) a taller height limit (from 35 to 45 feet) to accommodate unit sizes and allow for all tuck under parking, (2) increased lot coverage from 40 percent to 70 percent, (3) FAR of 1.25; (4) parking reduced to 1 space per studio/1-bedroom and 1.25 spaces per 2+ bedroom. However, the Housing Element strategy for this portion of the GM/ROLM in Bayshore in the Sites Inventory anticipates a density of up to 70 du/ac, as shown below. Figure 4-9 ROLM Zone Model – Proposed Zoning (Program 1.1): 70 du/ac Yield Item 2 Attachment D     Packet Pg. 92     4-35 Proposed Housing Element programs provide a path for how to achieve a density of 70 du/ac. At this density, the housing typology transitions to stacked flats (apartments or condos). In addition to increasing density standards, this model assumes a number of possible changes to development standards that would reduce this constraint: (1) height limit from 35 to 55 feet; (2) lot coverage increase from 40 percent to 70 percent, (3) FAR up to 2.0; (4) allowance for the 20 percent landscaping requirement to be met above the ground-floor; and (5) 1 space per studio/1-bedroom and 1.25-1.5 spaces per 2+ bedroom. Program 1.1 addresses the zoning constraint imposed by existing zoning regulations by modifying a combination of standards, such as height, FAR, lot coverage, landscaping, and parking to enable housing production at the density proposed in the Sites Inventory. S INGLE R OOM O CCUPANCY U NITS The Palo Alto Zoning Ordinance allows Single Room Occupancy (SRO) units as a multiple tenant structure with individual resident rooms. The City permits SRO units in CN, CC, and CS zones and multi-family residential zoning districts as shown in Table 4-3 using development standards that encourage the construction of the maximum number of units. Sites that have access to community services and public transportation are highly desired for SRO residents. Tenants typically share bathrooms and/or kitchens, while some rooms may include kitchenettes, bathrooms, or half-baths. Item 2 Attachment D     Packet Pg. 93     Item No. 3. Page 1 of 1 Planning & Transportation Commission Staff Report From: Jonathan Lait, Planning and Development Services Director Lead Department: Planning and Development Services Meeting Date: September 13, 2023 Report #: 2308-1960 TITLE Approval of Planning & Transportation Commission Draft Verbatim Minutes of August 9, 2023 RECOMMENDATION Staff recommends that the Planning & Transportation Commission (PTC) adopt the meeting minutes. BACKGROUND Draft verbatim minutes from the August 9, 2023 Planning and Transportation Commission (PTC) meeting was made available to the Commissioners prior to the September 13, 2023 meeting date. The draft PTC minutes can be viewed online on the City’s website at bit.ly/PaloAltoPTC. ATTACHMENTS There are no attachments AUTHOR/TITLE: Veronica Dao, Administrative Associate Item 3 Staff Report     Packet Pg. 94