HomeMy WebLinkAboutStaff Report 265-07City of Palo Alto
City Manager’s Report
TO:
ATTENTION:
FROM:
DATE:
SUBJECT:
HONORABLE CITY COUNCIL
FINANCE COMMITTEE
CITY MANAGER DEPARTMENT: ADMINISTRATIVE
SERVICES
JUNE 19, 2007 CMR: 265:07
REQUEST TO INCREASE THE CITY
TRANSIENT OCCUPANCY TAX
OF PALO ALTO’S
RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that Council direct staff to authorize a vote of the electorate at the November
6, 2007 election to increase the City’s Transient Occupancy Tax (TOT) from 10 to 12 percent.
In addition, staff recommends that Council consider funding of promotional activities, such as
Destination Palo Alto, that support tourism.
BACKGROUND
California Revenue and Taxation Code (7280) authorizes the legislative body of any city or
county in the State of California to levy a tax on the privilege of occupying a room, hotel room
or other lodging establishment for a period of 30 days or less. This tax is commonly referred to
as a "transient occupancy tax" (TOT) or "hotel tax." Palo Alto’s TOT was originally adopted as
a general tax by Ordinance No. 2567 in July 1970. The tax is assessed by hoteliers on behalf of
the City on transients who stay in Palo Alto for 30 days or less. The tax is imposed on all
occupants except officers or employees of a foreign government who are exempt by express
provision of federal law or international treaty, as well as state and federal workers on official
business. The initial 5 percent TOT was increased to 6 percent in 1976 and was last increased in
1983 to its current rate of 10 percent. In 1986, Chapter 2.33 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code
was amended to reflect various administrative changes to the TOT ordinance.
¯Palo Alto’s tax rate of 10 percent is within the median range statewide and slightly above the
median rate of 9.75 percent locally. As illustrated in the chart below (see attachment D for full
survey of Bay Area cities), most local cities, with the exception of East Palo Alto, have TOT
rates of 10 percent. Statewide TOT rates range from 8 percent to a high of 15 percent.
CMR: 265:07 Page 1 of 6
CITY TOT RATE
San Jose 10 %
Mountain View 10%
Sunnyvale 9% (9.5 effective Jan. 09)
Menlo Park 10 %
E. Palo Alto 12%
Redwood City 10 %
San Francisco 14%
The number of available rooms in Palo Alto has decreased by 21 percent over the last 5 years.
Two hotel closings contributed to the decrease in availability. The Craig Hotel, a 63-room
lodging establishment, closed in 2003:04. However, the most significant decrease occurred in
2005-06 when the Hyatt Hotel closed its 350-room Palo Alto location.
Palo Alto has 28 lodging establishments representing 1,865 available rooms which generated
revenues of $6.24 million in 2005-06. Although TOT revenue decreased significantly in recent
years, it remains a major source of funding, accounting for more than 5 percent of the City’s total
General Fund revenue. Palo Alto’s proximity to the international port city of San Francisco, its
vibrant downtown, Stanford Research Park, and its association with world renowned Stanford
Hospital and University, make Palo Alto an attractive destination point for business and leisure
travel.
DISCUSSION
The passage of Propositions 13, 62 and 218 made distinctions between types of taxes and the
voter approvals required to enact them. Tax categories determine when elections are held, how
the revenue can be used and what percent of the vote is required for passage. For voting
purposes, all taxes are categorized as either general or special taxes. Revenue from general taxes
may be’ used for general governmental purposes. Revenue from special taxesis earmarked for a
specific purpose. This distinction determines whether a tax must be approved by a majority vote
of the electorate (general tax), or a two-thirds vote (special tax).
Assuming a TOT tax increase would be used for general government purposes, it must be
submitted to the electorate at a regularly scheduled general election at which members of the
Council or governing body will be elected, unless, by unanimous vote, the Council finds that
there is an emergency that justifies placing the proposed tax before the voters at a special
election. The tax will take effect if approved by a 50 percent + 1 simple majority of voters voting
in the election.
Timetable
A general tax ballot measure must be submitted to the County of Santa Clara 88 days before the
scheduled regional general election. If this deadline is not met, the City’s next opportunity to
place a measure before the voters will be in November 2009. Staff has outlined the critical
procedures and timelines that must be met for the TOT ballot measure to qualify for the
November 2007 general election.
CMR: 265:07 Page 2 of 6
Responsibility
Finance Committee
City Council
Required Procedure
Make a recommendation to the full
Council regarding adoption of the
TOT Ordinance
Pass Finance Committee
recommendation to submit TOT
tax increase to voters (2/3 Council
vote required).
Approve the resolution submitting
ballot measure to voters, designate
ballot argument authors and
authorize the City Attorney to
prepare an impartial analysis.
Ballot arguments approved.
Timeline
June 19, 2007
July 9, 2007
July 9, 2007
August 6, 2007
Upon completion of the required actions, the City Clerk will file the resolution with the County
of Santa Clara and manage the ballot measure argument process. These actions must be
completed no later than the August 6, 2007 Council meeting for the ballot measure to qualify for
the November 6, 2007 general election.
Chapter 2.33 Administrative Changes
The use of technology in the hotel industry has expanded to include on-line registration. Internet
travel sites such as Expedia, Orbitz, Hotels.corn, Priceline.com and Travelocity are becoming
increasingly popular with business and leisure travelers. There are two basic models used for
Internet room sales. The first model does not present a collection problem for the City, but the
second model can result in underpayment of TOT. The first model Simply charges a rate for the
hotel and the hotel tax is remitted to the City on that rate. Under the second model, the hotel and
the Internet travel company negotiate a discounted rate for the hotel room. The on-line provider
then marks up its inventory of rooms to sell to the public, adds a service charge to the room rate
and offers it at the higher price to the customer. It charges and collects taxes from travelers
based on the marked-up rate, but only pays taxes to cities based on the lower, negotiated retail
rate charged to the customer. The Internet providers argue that the added service charge should
not be subject to occupancy taxes because it is not part of the room rate. The Internet companies
contend that the service charge reflects the cost associated with operating and marketing their
services. Nationwide, municipalities are suing the Internet travel companies alleging substantial
underpayment of transient occupancy taxes.
Municipalities are responding to this problem through vigilant enforcement as well as clarifying
legislation. Staff recommends that the City’s ordinance be amended to clarify that the TOT shall
be applied to the full hotel rate paid by the actual transient.
CMR: 265:07 Page 3 of 6
Business Community Outreach
In an effort to determine business community response to the proposed increase in the TOT rate,
staff contacted twelve of the City’s largest employers. Of the companies that responded, 44
percent indicated that a TOT increase of 2 percent would not adversely affect company business
practices. The remaining companies indicated that an increase would make Palo Alto hotels less
competitive and could result in their booking reservations at hotels in surrounding communities.
Staff has also met with the Chamber of Commerce and made a commitment to continue the
dialogue process.
Summary of Comments:
Pro
"I’m not saying the 2%
increase would be critical, but
it would certainly go into our
calculation.
"I don’t think it would make
much difference. It’s not that
big a deal."
"It doesn’t seem like much. It
shouldn’t make much of a
difference."
"There are not enough hotels
to begin with. Supply and
demand is more the issue. The
2 percent increase is not going
to break them, put it that way."
Coil
"We would worry about the hotels in Palo Alto". The
increase would make our hotels less competitive and
we’d Start putting people up in Mountain View".
"We as a company are not too happy with it. It
increases our budget costs, plus hotel rates themselves
are going up. Surveyed other cities and found their
rates at 9.5-10 percent with no plans for increasing
them. Therefore, we would be likely to put employees
and job applicants up in hotels in East Palo Alto,
Mountain View, Menlo Park and Los Altos."
"Oh, when people visit us, hotel rates are already so
high for what we get. We’re nonprofit, so it’s hard to
find something affordable. This wouldn’t help."
"Would book people at hotels in Mountain View. Get
quite a few visitors from the East Coast and from India-
who stay for long periods of time. Two percent would
make a big difference, particularly when they’re
staying at higher priced hotels. Would choose less
expensive hotels, with a less expensive TOT, in
Mountain View."
CMR: 265:07 Page 4 of 6
Tourism Funding Recommendation
To support visitor outreach, the City Manager is recommending that Council consider funding
efforts that promote tourism in Palo Alto. Destination Palo Alto has been established by the City
Manager to improve economic growth, by encouraging tourism and visitorship and exploring
ways to package and promote marketable attractions in Palo Alto. Through marketing
campaigns, these organizations provide an opportunity to simulate the local economy and
promote Palo Alto as a destination of choice among prospective business and leisure travelers.
Promoting community specific programs and services will give Palo Alto a competitive
advantage over surrounding cities, and facilitate tourism by sponsoring events that highlight Palo
Alto’s flourishing cultural and historical essence. Managed and funded outreach programs will
encourage visitors to explore, experience and return to Palo Alto.
RESOURCE IMPACT
After modest growth over the past two years, transient occupancy tax revenue surged upward by
12.4 percent in 2005-06. The average citywide occupancy rate consistently exceeded 70 percent
in the latter half of 2005-06 for the first time since 2000-01. Average daily room rates rose by
9.7 percent in 2005-06. Per Diem rates in 2005-06 exceeded $130, a level not seen since 2002-
03. First quarter 2006-07 data show both room and occupancy rates rising further. In the first
five months of the fiscal year, average citywide occupancy and room rates rose by 4.4 and 4.7
percent, respectively. An increase in the TOT rate of 1 to 2 percent is predicted to increase net
General Fund revenues by approximately $624,000 to $1.2 million annually. The proceeds of the
TOT as a general tax will be deposited in the City’s General fund and used for general
governmental purposes.
The past 5 years, 2001-2006, have been the City’s most challenging period of fiscal reform. The
regional economic downturn resulted in reductions in the City’s workforce and reductions to the
General Fund expense base of approximately $20 million. As the City develops a "sustainable
budget" and meets the $3 Million infrastructure challenge set as a policy by the Council, it muSt
consider new revenue sources. Without identifying new revenue sources, further cost savings and
service reductions will be necessary. As the City evaluates options, among the opportunities for
revenue generation is the potential to increase the TOT.
POLICY IMPLICATIONS
The actions described in this report are consistent with existing City policy.
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
The actions described in this report do not constitute a project for the purposes of the California
Environmental Quality Act.
PREPARED BY:
Senior Financial Analyst
CMR: 265:07 Page 5 of 6
DEPARTMENT HEAD APPROVAL:
CITY MANAGER APPROVAL:
C~AA~EAT~"~ !~’~’~-
Director~ Admi~rative Services
~MI~I~Y~
Assistant City Manager
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment A: Resolution Calling a General Municipal Election
Attachment B: Resolution to Amend Palo Alto Municipal Code
Attachment C: Ordinance Amending Chapter 2.33 of Title 2 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code
Attachment D: Survey of Bay Area TOT
CMR: 265:07 Page 6 of 6
ATTACHMENT A
NOT YET APPROVED
RESOLUTION NO.
RESOLUTION OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PAL0
ALTO CALLING ITS GENERAL MUNICIPAL ELECTION OF
COUNCIL MEMBERS, REQUESTING THE SERVICES OF
THE REGISTRAR OF VOTERS, AND ORDERING THE
CONSOLIDATION OF SAID ELECTION
WHEREAS, Article III, Section 3, of the Palo Alto CitY
Charter requires that a general municipal election for election of
council members be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday
in November of each odd-numbered year, that is, November 6, 2007;
and
WHEREAS, elections are scheduled to be held on November
6,2007, in certain school districts and certain special districts
in Santa Clara County; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to Education Code Section 5342 and Part
3 of Division i0 of the Elections Code, commencing at Section
10400, such elections may be partially or completely consolidated.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Council of the City of Palo Alto does
RESOLVE as follows:
SECTION I. A general municipal election is hereby called
for the City of Palo Alto to be held on Tuesday, November 6, 2007,
for the purpose of electing four (4) council members for full terms
(four years). The City Clerk is directed to do all things required
by law to effectuate such general municipal election.
SECTION 2. The Council of the City of Palo Alto requests
the governing body of any such other political subdivision, or any
officers otherwise authorized by law, to partially or completely
consolidate such elections and to further provide that the canvass
be made by any body or official authorized by law to canvass the
returns of the election, except that in accordance with Article
III, Section 4, of the Palo Alto Charter, the City Council must
meet and declare the results of said election, and that this City
Council consents to such consolidation.
SECTION 3. Pursuant to Section 10002 of the California
Elections Code, the Council of the City of Palo Alto hereby
requests the Board of Supervisors of Santa Clara County to permit
the Registrar of Voters to render services to the City of Palo Alto
relating to the conduct of Palo Alto’s General Municipal and
Special Elections which are called to be held on Tuesday, November
6, 2007.
070501jb 0130107 1
NOT YET APPROVED
The services shall be of the type normally performed by the
Registrar of Voters in assisting the clerks of municipalities in
the conduct of elections including, but not limited to, checking
registrations, mailing ballots, hiring election officers and
arranging for polling places, receiving absent voter bailot
applications, mailing and receiving absent voter ballots and
opening and counting same, providing and distributing election
supplies, and furnishing voting machines.
Subject to approval of the Board of Supervisors of Santa
Clara County of the foregoing request, the City Clerk is hereby
authorized to engage the services of the Registrar of Voters of the
County of Santa Clara to aid in the conduct of said elections
including canvassing the returns of said elections. Further, the
Director of Administrative Services is authorized and directed to
pay the cost of said services provided that no payment shall .be
made for services which the Registrar of Voters is otherwise
required by law to perform.
~The City Clerk is directed to submit a certified copy of
this resolution to the Board of Supervisors of the County of Santa
Clara.
SECTION 4. The Council finds that this resolution does
not constitute a project subject to the California Environmental
Quality Act.
INTRODUCED AND PASSED:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSTENTIONS:
ABSENT:
ATTEST:APPROVED:
City Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
Mayor
City Attorney City Manager
Services
070501 jb 0130107 2
NOT YET APPROVED
ATTACHMENT B
EXHIBIT "A" TO RESOLUTION NO.
PROPOSED AMENDMENT TO THE
PALO ALTO MUNICIPAL CODE
The City Council of the city of Palo Alto, on its own
motion, submits to the Electors the following amendment to the
Palo Alto Municipal Code. The City Council has called a
consolidated general election for the purpose of voting on the
amendment to be held on Tuesday, November 6, 2007.
The proposed amendment to th~ Municipal code follows the
statement of the measure. The provisions of the Municipal code
proposed to be deleted are printed as strikc out type, and the
new provisions are printed as underlined type.
CITY OF PALO ALTO MEASURE
Shall the Palo Alto Municipal Code be amended to .increase
the transient occupancy tax (commonly called the "hotel tax")
which is charged only on persons who occupy hotel or motel rooms
in the City for 30 days or less, from the current 10% to 12% in
order to help maintain basic City services?
YES
NO
2.33.020 Tax imposed
(a) For the privilege of occupancy in any hotel, each
transient is subject to and shall pay a tax in the amount of ~
~ccn~ (in~U) twelve percent (12%) of the rent charged by the
operator. Said tax constitutes a debt owed by the transient to the
City, which is extinguished only by payment to the operator or to
the City. The transient shall pay the tax to the operator of the
hotel at the time the rent is paid. If the rent is paid in
installments, a proportionate share of the tax shall be made with
each installment. Any unpaid tax shall be due upon the transient’s
ceasing occupancy in the hotel. If for any reason the tax due is
070501 jb 0130107 3
¯NOT YET APPROVED
not paid to the operator of the hotel, the Supervisor of Revenue
collections may require that such tax shall be paid directly to the
Supervisor of Revenue Collections.
The resolution authorizing the election must also include the
ballot measure question, which must be limited to twenty five words
or less. Council can assign one or more members to write the
argument in favor of the ballot measure. The Council may also
authorize the Council member that authors the argument in favor of
the measure to approve organizations wanting to support the measure
to sign the ballot argument. Ballot arguments have a limit of 5-
signatures.
Council can place a measure before the voters, they can
endorse the measure and authorize memb@rs to write the argument in
favor of the measure; however, the Council cannot spend money to<,
promote the passage of the measure---(~G-~-~-~-e-~ 82~i3 (hi ~)ii~
070501 jb 0130107 4
** NOT YET APPROVED**
ATTACHMENT C
ORDINANCE NO.
ORDINANCE OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PALO ALTO
AMENDING CHAPTER 2.33 OF TITLE 2 OF THE PALO ALTO
MUNICIPAL CODE RELATING TO THE TRANSIENT
OCCUPANCY TAX
NOW, THEREFORE, the Council of the City of Palo Alto does ORDAIN as follows:
SECTION 1. Chapter 2.33 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is hereby amended by
amending Section 2.33.020 as follows:
2.33.020 Tax imposed
(a)For the privilege of occupancy in any hotel, each transient is subject to and
shall pay a tax in the amount of ........................... -.- twelve percent (12%) of the rent charged by the
operator. Said tax constitutes a debt owed by the transient to the City, which is extinguished only by
payment to the operator or to the City. The transient shall pay the tax to the operator of the hotel at
the time the rent is paid. If the rent is paid in installments, a proportionate share of the tax shall be
made with each installment. Any unpaid tax shall be due upon the transient’s ceasing occupancy in
the hotel. If for any reason the tax due is not paid to the operator of the hotel, the Supervisor of
Revenue collections may require that such tax shall be paid directly to the Supervisor of Revenue
Collections.
SECTION 2. CONSTITUTIONALITY; SEVERABILITY. If any section, subsection,
sentence, clause or phrase of this ordinance is for any reason held to be invalid, such decision or
decisions shall not affect the validity of the remaining portions of this ordinance. The City Council
hereby declares that it would have passed this ordinance, and each section, subsection, sentence,
clause and phrase thereof irrespective of the fact that any one or more sections, subsections,
sentences, clauses or phrases be declared invalid.
SECTION 3. EXEMPTION FROM CEQA. The City Council finds, pursuant to Title
14 of the California Code of Regulations, Section 15061(b)(3), this ordinance is exempt from the
requirements of the California Environmental Quality act (CEQA) in that it is not a Project which
has the potential for causing a significant effect on the environment.
//
//
//
070426jb 0130105
** NOT YET APPROVED**
SECTION 4. EFFECTIVE DATE. This ordinance shall be adopted, if approved by a
majority of the voters voting on the measure, at an election to be held on November 6, 2007, and
shall go into effect on January 1, 2008, after the City Council has, by resolution, declared that the
ballot measure was approved by a majority of voters voting thereon.
INTRODUCED:
PASSED:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSTENTIONS:
ABSENT:
ATTEST:APPROVED:
City Clerk
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
Mayor
City Manager
Senior Assistant City Attorney Director of Administrative Services
070426jb 0130105
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