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HomeMy WebLinkAboutStaff Report 211-07TO: FROM: DATE: HONORABLE CITY COUNCIL CITY MANAGER APRIL 23, 2007 City of Palo Alto City Manager’s Report DEPARTMENT: City Manager’s Office CMR: 211:07 SUBJECT:CLIMATE PROTECTION PLAN UPDATE AND RESPONSE TO GREEN RIBBON TASK FORCE RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATION Staff requests that Council: 1.Direct staff to recommend revisions to the City Sustainability Policy to incorporate Climate Protection and return to Council in May 2007. 2.Direct staff to complete development of a Climate Protection Plan as discussed below and return to Council in November 2007. BACKGROUND Responding to the challenge of global warming, Mayor Judy Kleinberg stated in her 2006 State of the City address that she would establish a Green Ribbon Task Force on Climate Protection (GRTF), serving the Palo Alto/Stanford community, to "better galvanize our community to work on the problem of climate change and greenhouse gas emissions, and to recommend tangible steps and local actions by all stakeholder groups, including the City, to reduce global warming and encourage sustainable practices." The recommendations of the GRTF were presentedto Council in a study session on December 18, 2006, and the report is available on the City’s website. Since then, Council adopted Climate Protection as one of the Top Four Priorities for 2007. DISCUSSION In order to develop a detailed outline for the City ofPalo Alto’s Climate.Protection Plan, staff has reviewed a number of Sustainability Plans and Climate Action Plans from other jurisdictions and organizations. The basic formats of existing plans tend to use the ICLEI Cities for Climate Protection Calnpaign milestones, with each entity adopting varying action plans to achieve the milestones. The ICLEI Cities for Climate Protection Campaign’s five milestones to reduce greenhouse gas emissions throughout the community are listed below: 1.Conduct a greenhouse gas emissions inventory and forecast to determine the source and quantity of greenhouse gas emissions in the jurisdiction CMR: 211:07 Page 1 of 6 2.Establish a greenhouse gas emissions reduction target 3.Develop an action plan with both existing and future actions which when implemented will meet the local greenhouse gas reduction target 4. Ilnplement the action pian 5. Monitor and report progress; and update plans In terms of the first milestone, the City has already inventoried its CO2 emissions tlv-ough its participation in California Climate Action Registry (CCAR), is continuing to do so again this year, and is worldng with several agencies to streamline and standardize protocols for estimating and tracking emissions so that community-wide emissions can also be assessed. For the second milestone, the GRTF report recommends two specific targets, and staff will develop action plan recommendations with these targets as the main guiding reference point. Meet or beat the Governor’s greenhouse gas emission-cutting goals of 2000 levels by 2010, 1990 levels by 2020, and 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. Achieve climate neutrality in utilities operations by 2020, where "climate neutral" means as close as is feasible and practical to zero, similar to the goals of the Zero Waste Strategic Plan. The GRTF has provided a basic outline for the third milestone, development of an action plan. The GRTF identified the main areas whereby the City may be able to take tangible steps "that are feasible, effective, and affordable to come as close as practicable to climate neutrality in City govermnent operations; facilitate community-wide activities to reduce emissions; and influence regional, state, and federal agencies to address climate change." Staff envisions including specific steps within each of the eight core recommendation areas identified in the GRTF report, namely: a. Report: Lead by example by continuing to report greenhouse gas emissions inventory for City operations and encourage/challenge businesses to participate. b.Measure: Develop tools to measure progress in achieving community-wide emissions reductions. c.Utilities: Develop and implement a climate action plan for the City utilities department with the goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2020. d.Purchasing: Revise City purchasing policies and practices to incorporate enviro~m~ental costs. e.Vehidles & Commuting: , Incorporate City vehicle fleet and employee commuting in the City’s climate action plan. Regional Transportation: Work with regional transportation agencies to advance the availability and ridership of public transportation and low-emissions transportation alternatives. CMR: 211:07 Page 2 of 6 g.Green Building: Incorporate green building practices into construction review process and building codes to evolve green building from exception to mainstream. h.Education: Investigate a public-private partnership with the mission to actively raise awareness of and motivate actions to avert global warming. In addition, although the Waste Reduction Connnittee disbanded, based on the conclusion that the best way to reduce emissions from waste is to reduce waste itself, deferring to the City’s Zero Waste efforts, staff envisions including greenhouse gas reduction implications of waste reduction and recycling as an additional key element of the Climate Protection Plan. Development of the City of Palo Alto Climate Protection Plan will require an iterative process with the Council, as it will need to choose from alternatives based on emissions reduction potential, feasibility, measurability and verifiability, cost effectiveness, funding and persom~el requirements, and community support. The Climate Protection Plan will seek to tie together the many actions that are already underway with new initiatives that could best achieve the goals of the Plan, as well as to leverage Palo Alto efforts with those of neighboring communities, regional and state agencies, and county, state and federal govemrnent. In terms of milestone 4, implementation, staff does not expect to wait until a comprehensive Climate Protection Plan is approved to begin or continue with specific efforts that support Climate Protection priority, but rather will seek Council approval to proceed as required for individual programs. As described in this report, implementation is already underway in areas such as enhanced energy efficiency and solar programs, green building policies, and local transportation programs. Milestone 5, lnonitor and report progress and update plans, is also already under way. The City is worldng with several agencies to streamline and standardize protocols for estimating and tracking emissions specific to municipal goven~aent operations, and for commnnity-wide estimates and tracking. In many cases, precise links between actions and greenhouse gases are problematic, and tracking may instead depend on indirect measures such as number of people using the train, number of bicycle-friendly traffic lights, number of old refrigerators removed from service, total green building "points" accumulated, and so on. Measurement, verification, and tracking ability of new initiatives will be an important consideration in deciding which alternatives should be implemented under the Climate Protection Plan. RESOURCE IMPACT The development of a Climate Protection Plan is included in the proposed budget. Resources for some specific implementation initiatives that address many of the GRTF recommendations are contingent on approval of the proposed budget, such as enhanced utilities energy efficiency, solar, and cogeneration incentive programs and development of a proposed Enviro~m~ental Purchasing Policy. Resource impacts of individual elements of the Plan that are not already included in the proposed budget will be addressed as they are presented to Council for consideration. POLICY IMPLICATIONS The report addresses Climate Protection, identified as one of the Top 4 Priorities for 2007 (CMR:163:07). Development of a Climate Protection Plan supports the City’s Sustainability CMR: 211:07 Page 3 of 6 Policy adopted April 2, 2001 (CMR 175:01), and the Green Goverm-nent Pledge adopted July 19, 1999 (CMR 284:99). The report supports the ICLEI Cities for Climate Protection Campaign milestones (CMR:426:06) and the U.S. Mayors Climate Protection Agreement, and is consistent with and complement the California Publicly Owned Electric Utilities’ Principles Addressing Greenhouse Reduction Goals endorsed by Council August 7, 2006 (CMR:315:06). An effective Climate Protection Plan should serve to support specific Council policy objectives as embodied not only in the ICLEI milestones, but also in the Comprehensive Plan, various land use Master Plans, Sustainability Policy, CMUA Greenhouse Gas Reduction Principles, U.S. Mayors’ Agreement on Climate Protection, National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency, Utilities long-terna resource plans, the Awalmee Principles, and other policy statements. There are numerous other environlnental policy objectives in addition to climate protection, such as wildlife and habitat protection, biodiversity, other air pollution such as ozone-depleting compounds and local criteria pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, particulates, and volatile organics compounds, environmental justice, clean water supply, water and aquifer pollution, resource reuse and recovery, hazardous materials, and others. TIMELINE Staff proposes to continue to follow the same basic timeline submitted to Council for the Top 4 Priority discussion (CMR: 163:07), which is reproduced below with a few additions. Original EstimatedClimate Protection Milestones Completion Date 1. Prepare Climate Action Plan Development Recommendations Identify City or community initiative wherein each recommendation!idea will be addressed and those that have already been or need to be addressed. Mar 2007 Updates Mostly identified in this report. Some Education ideas still to be addressed. Delayed to Summer 2007. Basic structure included in this report. b.Explore Public-Private Partnership Apr 2007opportunities fir education & motivation. c. Prepare draft outline for proposed Climate Action Plan Apr 2007 d. Develop City Climate Action Plan Nov 2007 2. Baseline Inventory Included in thisa.Greenhouse gas inventory report Apr 2007 Report. b.Identify regional or joint efforts for Jul 2007estimating transportation emissions c. Evaluate tools for emission tracking Nov 2007 d. Climate Action Registry Certification 2006 Dec 2007 CMR: 211:07 Page 4 of 6 Climate Protection Milestones Original Estimated Completion Date 3. Built Environment a.Final Green Building Policies (private Jan 2008sector) b. Urban Forest Master Plan Dec 2007 Updates UAC April 4, 2007. Apr 2007 Council agenda April 23, 2007 Draft plan c.Expanded Solar Incentive Program Apr 2007 completed. Jnly 2007 startup. d.Ultra-clean distributed generation program Jul 2007 On Schedule e.City PV Demo Project with Public Works Sep 2007 On Schedule f.Explore energy-star and other energy- related purchasing policies Sep 2007 ESSC project g. Explore alternatives for GHG reduction Nov 2007 ESSC projectprojects, credits and offsets 6. Transportation a. Reopening of Bike Station and Palo Alto Feb 2007 Done.Depot b.Maybell/Donald Bike Boulevard and walkway project Aug 2007 c. SVLG Cool Commute Challenge Oct 2007 d. Explore city vehicle & fuel alternatives Ongoing CMR: 211:07 Page 5 of 6 d. Explore recycled content, source reduction and other waste-related purchasing policies 5. Energ3T a. Long-term electric plan (LEAP) Objectives & Guidelines.. Includes goals for accelerated renewable portfolio, enhanced energy efficiency, expanded solar incentive proga’am, and climate action plan. b. Ten-year Energy Efficiency Plan. Includes activities that dovetail with Green Building Policies. Mar 2007 4. Waste a.Construction & Demolition Reuse &Apr 2007 Colleague’s memo Recycling update April 2007 Policy & Servicesb. Zero Waste Operational Plan May 2007 May 2007 Colleague’s memoc. Commercial composting and recycling Apr 2007 update April 2007 Sep 2007 ESSC project Approved by Council January 2007. ARB Recommendation 2/17/07 Tree ordinance adopted 3/8/07. Colleague’s memo update April 2007 Climate Protection Milestones Original Estimated Completion Date Updates 7. Education & Motivation a. Implement Public-Private Partnership from Partnership April update Nov 2007 recommendations not yet complete. b. PAUSD "Green teams" overlaps with TBD OngoingWaste, Energy and Transportation) ATTACHMENTS A. City of Palo Alto Climate Protection Plan Update Earth Week 2007 PREPARED BY: Elizabeth Ames, Public Works Karen Bengard, Public Works Phil Bobel, Public Works Holly Boyd, Public Works Norm Brown, Utilities Julie Caporgno, Plamaing and Community Environment Linda Clerkson, City Manager’s Office Libby Dame, Administrative Services Kathy Durham, Planning and Community Environment Amy French, Planning and Community Environment Wendy Hediger, Public Works Emily Harrison, City Manager’s Office Lindsay Joye, Utilities Tom Kabat, Utilities Karl I~aapp, Utilities Keith Lahaie, Public Works Gayle Likens, Planning and Community Environment Bruce Lesch, Utilities Chris Mogensen, City Manager’s Office Kelly Morariu, City Manager’s Office Nancy Nagel, Administrative Services Larry Perlin, Planning and Conmaunity Environment Annette Puskarich, Public Works Rosemary Ralston, Utilities Jane Ratchye, Utilities Mike Sartor, Public Works Karen Smith, Public Works Virginia Waik, Utilities Josh Wallace, Utilities Julie Weiss, Public Works Curtis Williams, Planning and Community Environment Karl Van Orsdol, Administrative Services Sam Zuccaro, Utilities CITY MANAGER APPROVAL Assk, City Manager CMR: 211:07 Page 6 of 6 CMR:211:07 Attachment A City of Palo Alto Climate Protection Plan Update Earth Week 2007 Contributors: Elizabeth Ames Karen Bengard Phil Bobel Holly Boyd Norm Brown Julie Caporgno Linda Clerkson Libby Dame Kathy Durham Amy French Wendy Hediger Emily Harrison Lindsay Joye Tom Kabat Karl Knapp Keith Lahaie Gayle Likens Bruce Lesch Chris Mogensen Kelly Morariu Nancy Naget Larry Perlin Annette Puskarich Rosemary Ralston Jane Ratchye Mike Sartor Karen Smith Virginia Waik Josh Wallace Julie Weiss Curtis Williams Karl Van Orsdol Sam Zuccaro Bret Andersen (PTA) Carroll Harrington (Chamber of Commerce) Walter Hays (Task Force Chair) Nik Kaestner (Green Squared Consulting, PAUSD) Page 1 of 26 4/13/2007 City of Palo Alto Climate Protection Plan Update Table of Contents Summary .............................................................................................................................3 1. Palo Alto Certified CCAR Greenhouse Gas Inventory 2005 .........................................5 Electricity ................................................................................................................5 Natural Gas .............................................................................................................5 Other Fossil Fuels ...................................................................................................5 Biogenic ..................................................................................................................6 Community-Wide Transportation ...........................................................................6 2. Residential Electric Customer Survey Global Warming Excerpts .................................7 3. Progress Updates on Key Activities that Support GRTF Objectives .............................8 Green Building Policies / Zoning Ordinance Update ..........................: ..................8 Public Safety Building "Green Building" Workshop .............................................8 Trees -Urban Tree Management Plan & APPA Tree Power ..............................10 Zero Waste Operational Plan ................................................................................10 Risk Management and Climate Change Presentation ...........................................11 Greenhouse Gas Adder Analysis ..........................................................................12 Revised Long-Term Energy Plan ..........................................................................12 Solar Photovoltaic Demonstration Project ............................................................13 Environmentally Preferred Purchasing .................................................................13 Green Business Certification ................................................................................13 Internships ................................................................................: ............................13 Web/Communications ...........................................................................................14 Water-Energy-Greenhouse Gas Connection .........................................................14 RWQP ....................................................................................................................15 Sustainable Silicon Valley ..............................................~ ................................i ....16 Transportation Programs .......................................................................................16 City Vehicle Fleet and Fuels .................................................................................18 Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF~) .....................................................................................19 4. Other Community Efforts .............................................................................................20 PAUSD .................................................................................................................20 Chamber of Commerce: Palo Alto Business Goes Green ....................................21 Step-it-Up 2007: April 14 .....................................................................................21 Neighboring Communities ....................................................................................22 5. GRTF Recommendations and Responses .....................................................................23 Detailed Recommendations by Committee ..........................................................23 Lobbying ...............................................................................................................23 Offsets,.Allowances and Credits ...........................................................................23 Green Incubator Concept ......................................................................................24 ’eTravel ..................................................................................................................24 Public-Private Partnership ....................................................................................25 6. Appendices ....................................................................................................................26 Page 2 of 26 4/13/2007 Summary This report provides details about the City’s 2005 California Climate Action registry inventory, new survey information about Palo Alto residents’ attitudes about global warming, and summarizes activities being undertaken by staff and the community at large that address the numerous recommendations and ideas provided by the GRTF in its December 18, 2006 report to Council. The six Core Recommendations as listed in the GRTF report’s Executive Summary and the current status are summarized briefly below. 1. OVERALL: Council direct or authorize staff to evaluate and recommend alternatives to achieve climate neutrality in City government operations and community-wide activities that contribute to global warming, and to lobby regional, state, and federal agencies to address climate change impacts of human activities. Council took action on this recommendation on March 5, 2007 by adopting Climate Protection as one of its Top 4 Priorities for 2007. 2. BASELINE: Lead by example by continuing to report greenhouse gas emissions inventory for City operations, encourage/challenge businesses to participate, and develop tools for estimating community-wide emissions reductions. Palo Alto will report CO2 emissions through the California Climate Action Registry again this year for 2006. The City is also participating in stakeholder groups to improve tools for estimating and reporting emissions for municipalities. 3. ENERGY: Develop and implement a climate action plan for the City utilities department with the goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2020. The Utilities Department is evaluating energy strategies to meet this goal as part of the overall City Climate Protection Plan. Council approved changes to long- term energy t~lans that expand efficiency and renewable energy programs and includes development if a Climate Action Pan as a specific new guideline. 4. TRANSPORTATION: Revise City purchasing policies to incorporate environmental costs, incorporate city vehicle fleet and commuting activities in the City’s climate action plan, and work with regional transportation agencies to advance the availability and ridership of public transportation and low-emissions transportation alternatives. The Environmental Stewardship Steering Committee has formed a multi- departmental team to develop recommendations and alternatives for an environmental preferable purchasing policy. Staff is also evaluating the methodology employed by the investor-owned utilities for a greenhouse gas "adder" and alternatives that may apply for municipal governments. Alternative fuels including compressed natural gas and biodeisel are being used in a number of city vehicles. The City is coordinating with the school district and PTAs in the Safe Routes to School Task Force to address improvements to school commuting. Regional coordination will require efforts at a Council level through existing agencies charged with public transportation. Page 3 of 26 4/13/2007 5. BUILT ENVIRONMENT: Incorporate green building practices into construction review process and building codes to evolve green building from exception to mainstream. Green Building Policies and zoning updates are being reviewed and considered that aim to achieve this goal. Utilities is coordinating the design and implementation of energy efficiency programs for new construction and remodeling with Green Building efforts. 6. EDUCATION AND MOTIVATION: Investigate a public-private partnership with the mission to actively raise awareness of and actions to avert global warming. The public-private partnership concepts have not yet been evaluated. The Chamber of Commerce, PAUSD, Acterra, and the City currently have separate sustainability outreach and education efforts in the sustainability arena. Page 4 of 26 4/13/2007 1. Palo Alto Certified CCAR Greenhouse Gas Inventory 2005 The City completed its first California Climate Action Registry (CCAR) greenhouse gas inventory report and certification in 2006, earning the designation of "Climate Action Leader", the second city in California to do so. In accordance with CCAR reporting protocols, the first year of reporting and certification includes only carbon dioxide (CO2). After the third year, registry pal"dcipation will include the six major greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride and certain fluorinated and chlorinated hydrocarbons (refrigerants). CCAR data includes consumption of electricity, natural gas, and vehicle fuels by City government operation, not the entire community. However, as part of CCAR’s Power Utility Protocol (PUP), total emissions associated with all electricity purchases and sales by the Utilities Department are reported for information and reference. The information available to the public at the CCAR website is fairly high-level summary data. Emissions by main sources are described below, and additional detail is provided in Appendices A, B, and C. Electricity CPAU average CO2 intensity for electricity delivered to end use customers in 2005 was 0.321 lbs CO:/kWh. Estimated community-wide CO2 emissions from electricity delivered to Palo Alto in calendar year 2005 were 145,007 metric tonnes, which includes local distribution system losses within Palo Alto but does not include emissions associated with Palo Alto’s ownership share of the California-Oregon Transmission Project (COTP), which account for an additional 3,002 tons, for a grand total of 148,009 tonnes. Electricity-related City government operations account for 12,982 tonnes (9%): 4,445 tonnes (3%) are from electricity end-use by City government facilities, and 8,537 tonnes (6%) are attributable to electric energy dissipated due to transmission (2%) and distribution (4%) system losses. PaloAltoGreen purchases in 2005 represent an offset of 11,174 tonnes in 2005 compared to generic market power. The Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Plant (RWQP) accounts for 2,537 tonnes (57%) of the emissions associated with electricity use. In 2005, emissions from city-wide electricity supply were 27% lower than estimates for 1990 of 198,000 tonnes. Natural Gas Estimated community-wide COa emissions from CPAU-provided natural gas in 2005 were 166,488 metric tonnes, of which 6,499 (4%) is attributable to City government operations: 6,370 tonnes (4%) are from natural gas end:use by City government stationary facilities, and 129 tonnes (0.1%) are attributable to natural gas use as vehicle fuel. The RWQP accounts for 3,674 tonnes (58%) of the emissions associated with natural gas use. In 2005, emissions from city-wide natural gas supply were 14% lower than estimates for 1990 of 193,000 tonnes. Other Fossil Fuels Other CO~ emissions reported to CCAR include only City government operations, which include fuels for mobile uses (transportation and portable equipment) and stationary uses such as emergency generators. Liquid fuel emissions total 2,761 tonnes. Liquid fuels for stationary use account for 864 tormes, and for mobile use total 1,897 tonnes. Mobile Page 5 of 26 4/13/2007 liquid fuel emissions include an estimated 93 tonnes from biodiesel that is used in the landfill heavy equipment. Compressed natural gas (CNG) for mobile equipment accounts for 129 tonnes, which is included in the total for natural gas above. Services that are outsourced such as garbage collection, emissions associated with employee commuting, and air transportation are not included in CCAR protocols. Emi~ssions in 1990 have not been estimated and therefore no comparison can be made. Biogenic CCAR is still developing protocols for estimating and reporting emissions from biogenic sources, which arise from non-fossil fuel sources such as landfill gas, biofuels, and wastewater sludge. Some are required by law and some are unavoidable. Still staff made a best effort to estimate the magnitude of the follow!ng biogenic sources. e Landfill COa fugitive leakage (not methane): 428 tonnes ¯Landfill Gas (LFG) flared (biogenic): 5,853 tonnes (required to convert from methane) LFG used in RWQP incinerator (biogenic): 1,200 tonnes (achieves a net emission reduction by displacing fossil fuel) ¯RWQP sludge incineration (biogenic): 16,690 tonnes ¯No estimates have been developed or included for emissions from wastewater treatment process itself. Community-Wide Transportation The GRTF Baseline and Transportation committees estimated total city-wide transportation-related emissions, not just City government, to be approximately 333,400 tonnes, 266,500 from road transport, and 66,900 from air transportation. Staff is continuing to work with ICLEI and CCAR, BAAQMD and MTC to improve tools for estimating and tracking transportation emissions. Transportation emissions in 1990 have not been estimated and therefore no comparison can be made. Page 6 of 26 4/13/2007 2. Residential Electric Customer Survey Global Warming Excerpts A sample of Palo Alto residential utility customers were surveyed by telephone by R_KS Research and Consulting as part of a State-wide customer satisfaction survey conducted by CMUA. Results of the survey were presented to the UAC in April 2007. Excerpts from the RKS report related to Global Warming are provided in Appendix E. What is particularly interesting is the finding, validated in the result, that CPAU customers are different from their counterparts at other municipal utilities throughout California. In particular, on the global warming/climate change issue, CPAU customers are significantly more likely than other municipal utility customers in California to be aware of the issue and to express concern about it. And, while CPAU customers are significantly more likely to believe their utility is actively involved in controlling greenhouse gas emissions, it is equally noteworthy that a plurality of nearly half (45%) are uncertain about what CPAU is doing in this area. RKS concludes from these findings that CPAU customers have much higher expectations from CPAU on global warming and reiated issues than do other municipal utility customers of their respective utilities. CPAU residentia! customers appear to be much more informed about energy and environmental issues and more concerned about the serious nature of these issues than the typical California municipal customer. The energy crisis in California and global wa~rning are very much on their minds. RKS concluded that these customers are a prime opportunity for continued programs centered on green energy and energy conservation, as evidenced by their high participation in CPAU’s green energy program. The questions asked in the survey are as follows. The results are discussed in Appendix E, and in the UAC report (April, 2007). Question #3 is of particular interest because it was asked in a nationwide study conducted by Time/ABC News/Stanford University, published in Time Magazine April 3, 2006. Although a year has passed since then, the difference between Palo Alto residents and the rest of the state is significant as is the difference compared to the national average (in the national survey, 35% believed that scientists agree, 64% indicated a lot of disagreement). Kudos are due to Jim Burch, who planted the idea of asking the question of Pa!o Alto residents. 1. I would like to ask about global wa~Tning and climate change. If 0 means "not at al! familiar" and 10 means "extremely familiar" please tell me how familiar you personally are with this issue? .... 2. And if 0 means "not at all concerned" and 10 means "extremely concerned," please tell me how concerned you personally are with global warming and climate change? 3. Do you think most scientists agree with one another about the global warming and climate change issue or do they disagree? 4. Compared to a few years ago, is global warming and climate change more serious today, less serious or about the same as it was? 5. How involved has Palo Alto utilities been in controlling greenhouse gas emissions - very involved, fairly involved, not too involved or not at all involved? 6. If 0 means "not at all willing" and 10 means "extremely willing," how willing would you be to pay a 5 percent higher cost for electricity to help find solutions to global warming and climate change? Page 7 of 26 4/13/2007 3. Progress Updates on Key Activities that Support GRTF Objectives Green Building Policies/Zoning Ordinance Update Progress on a Palo Alto Green Building Policy is discussed in the April 23 staff report addressing items referred to staffvia a Colleagues’ Memo on Earth Day 2006. Specific responses to the GRTF Building Committee recommendations are include in this report as Appendix I. A Green Building kiosk is now in place at the Development Center and the Development Center and Architectural Review Board websites provide green educational materials and links to other green building websites. Figure 1. A Green Building kiosk now provides Green Building information at the Development Center in downtown Palo Alto. Public Safety Building "Green Building" Workshop Palo Alto community members from the Architectural Review Board and staff from Public Works, Utilities, Planning and Building Departments joined to collaborate with an eye to incorporating practical and cost effective resource efficiency in the design phase of Page 8 of 26 4/13/2007 new municipal building construction. Numerous sustainable design elements were considered for possible use in the proposed Public Safety Building. Under the guidance of green building consultant, Lynne Simon, and project architect, Michael Ross, from Ross Drulis Cusenbery Architecture, a team of 20 participants reviewed the U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design) Green Building Rating System to determine what design elements were practical to consider. The Green Building Rating System encourages design teams to consider all aspects of the site, the materials, the energy using equipment and building operations over the life of the building when making upfront decisions on orientation, size, and function of the site. Participants of the Green Building Workshop held December 6, 2006 discussed the implications of sustainability measures and LEED status for the proposed Public Safety Building located on the Park Boulevard site. The staff members stated that the City of Palo Ako builds very few new buildings and expressed the wish for this project to display civic interest in sustainability. The City’s goal is attainment of LEED Silver for public projects (minimal points gain a project Certified status, and additional points can gain Silver, Gold or Platinum status). This project would be an educational opportunity for the citizens in the LEED certification process. Participants assisted in the compilation of a man’ix of required, probable, and possible LEED credits. The process garnered 45 points with a possible 15 additional, qualifying the building for Gold Certification status. The design and construction process has many variables so the end resuk may not be as many credits as originally expected, possibly dropping the project to a Silver Certification status. The following topics were covered during the workshop: The Park Boulevard site selected by the Blue Ribbon Task Force (BRTF) is a designated brownfield, in a location with community connectivity and access to alternative transportation. The willingness of the users to rehabilitate and occupy an underutilized urban site complies with the intent of the LEED site selection credits. Site development credits are also anticipated for control of stormwater, heat island effect, and light pollution. A living roof was discussed as a possibility because of the visual impact, stormwater control capability, and thermal qualities. Water use efficiency credits ~re anticipated for water efficient landscaping (per Palo Alto landscaping standards) and for water use reduction by installation of low flow and waterless fixtures. Duel piping was discussed. The building energy systems will be designed for maximum energy performance, and commissioned per LEED prerequisite requirements (commissioning is a process to assure that the systems are properly installed). Photovoltaic panels were discussed to provide renewable energy and as a shading device for parking. Building orientation will assist in natural daylighting and ventilation. Page 9 of 26 4/1312007 Recycling efforts will include construction materials in addition to paper, glass, etc. A percentage of construction materials used will have recycled content, local origin, and sustainable certification. Environmental quality: Indoor air quality will meet minimum ventilation and outdoor air requirements, with a smoke free environment for employees. Indoor materials will be low VOC (volatile organic compounds) and areas where chemicals and pollutants (housekeeping, printing areas) are used will be segregated. Personal lighting, thermal comfort and views will be maximized for users. The proposed public safety building is unique and could become the City of Palo Alto’s first LEED Gold Certified project. As the conceptual design of the public safety building progresses, these green building elements and resource efficiencies will be incorporated into the design. The City would like to receive public input from the community, boards and commissions during the design and environmental assessment process. For further information, please see the project website http ://~v.ci~ofpaloalto.or g!publicsafe .tybuilding/. Trees - Urban Tree Management Plan & APPA Tree Power Progress on Palo Alto’s Urban Tree Management Plan is discussed in the April 23 staff report addressing items referred to staff via a Colleagues’ Memo on Earth Day 2006. Additionally, the Utilities Department has joined the American Public Power Association’s "Tree Power Program", and plans as part of its long-term energy efficiency plan to incorporate energy savings features of shade trees as well as heat island effects into CPAU’s educational materials and incentive programs. Tree power is a logical extension of the existing "Right Tree in the Right Place’ program, Which aims to ensure proper tree choice and location to minimize interference with power lines as well as underground and substation equipment. Zero Waste Operational Plan The Zero Waste Strategic Plan and Operational Plan are discussed in separate staff reports, and were most recently discussed at the March 13, 2007 Policy and Services Committee meeting (CMR:123:07). The GRTF elected to defer GHG recommendations related to municipal waste to the targets and implementation plans embodied in the City’s Zero Waste efforts, and made no other specific recommendations in the municipal waste GHG arena. The Zero Waste operational Plan addresses greenhouse gas emissions in Section 5.8. Preliminary analYsis indicates that should the City achieve 76 percent diversion by 20! 1 as outlined in the plan, the City would reduce annual greenhouse gas emissions by an estimated 29,000 metric tonnes of carbon equivalent (106,000 metric tonnes of carbon dioxide), and more than twice that if the City is able to reach 90 percent diversion by 2021. Section 7.1 in the Operational Plan (Recommended Policies, Programs and Facilities) includes a proposed program to conduct a greenhouse gas audit to fully measure the impact of its current and planned waste prevention and recycling programs. Page 10 of 26 4/13/2007 The Zero Waste Operational Plan is currently scheduled to be reviewed with the Policy & Services Committee in May 2007. Risk Management and Climate Change Presentation Karl Van Orsdol and Karl Knapp co-authored a presentation for the 8th Annual Electric Utilities Environmental Conference in January, 2007 entitled "A _Practical Look at Managing Climate Risk-A Municipal Utility ~erspective ", which looks at potential impacts of climate change in the context of physical and financial risks that could face municipalities and ion particular municipal electric utilities. The key messages from the presentation are summarized below, and the presentation slides are included in Appendix F. A Practical Look at Managing Climate Change Risks - a Municipal Utility Perspective: Abstract Municipal and regional utilities face a particular set of physical, financial and regulatory risks associated with long term climate change which may significantly impact their operations. The physical risks include variability and the impact of changing weather patterns that affect weather-driven generation resources, which in turn could have significant financial impacts. Predictions of increased variability of rainfall patterns, combined with a reduction in snow pack, would increase the variability of supplies from hydroelectric power generation. Models from the California Department of Water Resources suggest that Palo Alto could see a 20%-40% reduction in hydroelectric generation as well as a significant change in the seasonal pattern of that generation. These changes would lead to an increase in financial risks due to uncertainties in hydropower and the related impacts on electa’icity prices. Under the DER scenarios, hydro risk co~ild increase from the current $12 million per year to upwards of $40 million under high price scenarios. Other weather-driven renewable energy sources such as wind might also be impacted if the current favorable locations for wind generation shift, On the transmission side, increases in temperature would lead to increases in loads, prices and transmission constraints, and reductions in transmission capacity ratings. Palo Alto also faces long term risks from potential sea level rise. A study by the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Agency indicated that increases in storm surges combined with a possible 1 meter sea level rise could impact key city facilities such as the airport, waste water treatment plant, utility control rooms, to name a few. Financial risks to utilities and utility suppliers will be equally profound. Changes in supply risks and swings in portfolio value will require changes in portfolio strategies and risk management techniques. Load serving entities will need to evaluate counterparty credit risk from new perspectives such as fuel type and Page 11 of 26 4/13/2007 location, immunity from regulatory risk, susceptibility to climate change impacts, and other non-standard criteria. Additionally, municipal investment portfolios may need to shift toward utilities with low climate risk potential. As utilities strive to increase renewable energy, such as wind and hydro, their potential exposure to the risks described above will increase. These utilities will need to diversify their renewable production among technologies and geographic locations, and increase levels of non-weather impacted resources, such as geothermal or biomass, as techniques for reducing weather exposure. All utilities and power suppliers will need to adapt to new technologies, renewable energy, efficiency and other climate neutral opportunities. The reduction in carbon dependence will be a critical financial and strategic goal for resource and strategic planning. Greenhouse Gas Adder Analysis As stipulated in the CMUA Greenhouse Gas Reduction Principles (CMR:315:06), the Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) is under contract to review the "carbon adder" methodology employed by the California Public Utilities Commission and investor owned utilities in California (originally developed by PM), and to advise the City on methodology alternatives applicable to municipal governments and municipal utilities, talcing into account differences in policy priorities, time horizon, cost of capital, other considerations. The way a GHG adder worlds is that the criteria for RFP evaluation or purchasing decisions treats a resource that has more greenhouse gas emissions associated with it than another as if it actually costs more. The lowestrcost resource including the adder is selected, but at the actual bid price. The analysis will provide some alternatives for Council to consider as one potential element of the City’s Climate Protection Plan, as such an approach could by incorporated into a broader purchasing policy not limited to utilities. Results and recommendations are expected in May 2007. Investor-owned utilities such as PG&E are currently required to use a carbon adder of approximately $10/ton of CO~. An example adder of $20/ton of COa translates to roughly 1 C/kWh, 10 ¢/therm, and 10 C/gallon of gasoline, meaning that cost tradeoffs would treat these fuels as if they cost a little bit more. Revised Long-Term Energy Plan The Counci! approved revised Long-term Electric Plan ("LEAP") Objectives and Guidelines in January 2007 (CMR: 158:07), which include development of a Climate Action Plan as a specific new guideline, incorporating by reference the GRTF recommendations, CMUA GHG Reduction Principles, the five ICLEI Cities for Climate Protection Campaign milestones, and coordination with the Climate Action Plan efforts in other departments. LEAP also accelerates and expands the renewable portfolio targets to 33% by 2015, promotes ultra-clean local small-scale distributed generation, and sets the stage for enhanced energy efficiency and solar programs. The ten-year energy efficiency plan, developed in support of the new guidelines, was presented to the Utilities Page 12 of 26 4/13/2007 Advisory Commission in April 2007, and is currently scheduled to be presented to Council for approval also in April. Solar Photovoltaic Demonstration Project On December 18, 2006, Council approved a construction contract with SPG Solar, Inc. for the construction of the Pa!o Alto Photovoltaic Demonstration Project. This project includes the installation ofphotovoltaic panels at the Baylands Interpretive Center and Cubberley Community Center as well as solar-roofed carports and freestanding solar trackers at the Municipal Service Center. These installations will generate: 1) enough power annually to power approximately 75 houses; and 2) the first green energy sold by the City that is actually generated within the City. It will be available to the punic as part of the Pa!o Alto Green Energy Program. The project is scheduled for completion by September 2007. The critical path driving completion is delivery of the solar panels from the manufacturers. Environmentally Preferred Purchasing The City is exploring opportunities to expand, formalize and institutionalize environmentally preferable purchasing practices (EPP). A multi-departmental staff team representing Public Works, Utilities and ASD will conduct initial needs assessment in May. In addition, the City has recently joined the Responsible Purchasing Network which provides model language and services to agencies adopting EPP policies and practices. The Public Works Environmental Compliance Division has budgeted funds for consultant help in executing relevant EPP tasks in both the 06-07 and 07-08 fiscal years. Green Business Certification The City is in the recertification process for the Association for Bay Area Government’s Green Business Program. The process requires the City to meet.tighter Green Business program requirements and update County staff on additional environmental stewardship efforts since the City’s 2001 certification. A summary of the Green Ribbon Task Force efforts were submitted to the County as additional measures exceeding the requirements of Green Business certification. Recertification is anticipated in late spring. Staff will use the opportunity to educate the public about the City’s progress and the City and community programs that residents can utilize to green their homes and businesses. Internships The City is sponsoring three summer internships this year that are directly related to programs that address GRTF recommendations. These include one person to complete the CCAR greenhouse gas inventory report, one to assist with the development and design of resource efficiency programs, and one to develop a guide for LEED EB (Existing Buildings) certification of Palo Alto City Hall. Two other internships are indirectly related: one to work on completing the database of existing land uses to assist in developing data for amending the Comprehensive Plan, and one to study mass balances at the RWQP, which is focused on mercury, but may also provide insight into greenhouse gas emissions related to wastewater treatment. Page 13 of 26 4/13/2007 Web/Communications This spring, the City wil! be unveiling its new web site, which has been in the works for nearly a year. The new site was very carefully planned and executed so that the new site fulfills the goals of being easy to use, searchable, comprehensive, and reflective of the sophistication of the community. The process included involvement by all City departments, several rounds of design, two usability studies, updating all the content, migrating all text and images to a content management system, upgrading the hardware and applications, and thoroughly testing everything. The result will be a web site that can be easily navigated and maintained and will grow with our needs, and will facilitate addressing the many GRTF web communication ideas and recommendations. Water-Energy-Greenhouse Gas Connection Palo Alto receives all of its water supplies from San Francisco’s regional water system, which gets 85% of its supplies from the Hetch Hereby aqueduct and 15% from local supplies, primarily in the East Bay. The Hetch Hetchy supplies are pumped and treated if they are parked in local reservoirs in the East Bay and the Peninsula, but the majority of Hetch Hetchy supplies flow via gravity all the way to the tap. The local supplies must be treated and pumped into the water transmission system. Staffhas asked San Francisco to provide an estimate of the amount of energy used to treat and pump water for the regional water system, but this analysis has not yet been completed. In Palo Alto, the water is taken at pressure and introduced to the City’s water distribution system. Water is pumped into the distribution system and to reservoirs in the foothills as needed for system operations. The electricity used annually in the City’s water distribution system is equal to about 0.23 kwh per hundred cubic feet (CCF) of water used. An average single-family residential customer uses about 14 CCF of water per month, or 168 CCF per year. Therefore, the electricity used by the City to deliver water to an average single-family residential is about 40 kWh per year. The average electric residential use is approximately 7,800 kWh. Note that 1 CCF equals 748 gallons. For water that is discharged into the sanitary sewer, there is also energy associated with water treatment. A detailed analysis of this water-energy-GHG link has not yet been conducted. However, RWQP engineers estimate that up to 15% of the electricity is variable with water volume, but none of the natural gas as it is tied to the quantity of solids delivered and not volume treated. This estimate combined with annual electricity use of 17 million kWh and daily processing average of 25 million gallons per day translates to approximately 0.21 kWh/CCF of water that goes down the drain (i.e. not used for irrigation). In this light, it appears that GHG emissions due to water consumption are extremely small compared to the other main sources, namely electricity, natural gas, and liquid fuels. There are, of course many other very important reasons to conserve water. In October 2005, Council adopted the Ahwahnee Water Principles for Resource Efficient Land Use (CMR:393:05). These principles mirror and support several of the recommendations from the GRTF Building and Transportation Committees. The Page 14 of 26 4/13/2007 principles promote water conservation and low water demand landscaPing, and state that "Community design should be compact, mixed use, walkable and transit-oriented." This arena is being addressed as a part of Green Building efforts. RWQP Palo Alto is participating in the AB32 Statewide POTW (Publicly-Owned Treatment Works) Steering Commit-~ee, whose primary goal is to work with agencies to develop wastewater specific emissions protocols and a strategy for the wastewater industry. Current reporting focuses on energy use, but there are other potential sources and strategies to address them. For example, water treatment bacteria produce CO2 when they munch on sewage, and there may be other greenhouse gases released such as methane. The Committee has contracted with CH2MHill to conduct the initial phase of analysis. The Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (RWQCP) is now using methane gas from the Palo Alto Landfill in its sludge incinerator, reducing CO2 emissions by an estimated 1,350 tons per year and saving over $250,000 per year. In 2006, the RWQP conducted a life-cycle analysis of two water disinfection alternatives that included not only energy used on site, but also energy in manufacturing and transporting chemicals and equipment. The analysis found that ultraviolet disinfection emits only 30% of the lifecycle carbon dioxide compared to using chlorine. Based on this result and several other environmental sustainability criteria, UV is the preferred alternative compared to using chlorine. Figure 2. A consultant study conducted for the RWQP found that ultraviolet disinfection emits only 30% of the lifecycle carbon dioxide compared to using chlorine. Page 15 of 26 4/13/2007 Sustainable Silicon Valley Palo Alto is a pledging partner in Sustainable Silicon Valley. As such, the City pledged to reduce CO2 emissions at City Hall by 37% and 32% at the Regional Water Quality Control Plant by 2010. Despite some projects taking longer than originally projected, the City is on track to meet these targets. Other Palo Alto businesses and organizations currently participating in Sustainable Silicon Valley include Acterra, CV Therapeutics, Hewlett Packard, Integrated Archive Systems, Minerva Consulting, Palo Alto Research Center, Roche Palo Alto, SP Biopharma, Sierra Club Loma Prieta Chapter, and Tarlton Properties, Inc. Transportation Programs Cool Commute Ckallenge The City is participating in this "friendly competition" sponsored by the Silicon Valley Leadership Group (SVLG) as a way to encourage more Bay Area employers to actively encourage their employees to use commute alternatives to the solo vehicle. This is one of several initiatives that the SVLG is championing to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on foreign oil. The first step in this competition is asking employees to fill out an online commute survey to generate a baseline of how many employees use commute alternatives how often. The city’s baseline survey period will close on April 20, and results wil! be available in May. These results will inform efforts to encourage more employees to choose alternatives to solo driving more often over the next several months. In October, a second survey will be done to assess whether these efforts were successful. Bike/Walk In response to Palo Alto Comprehensive Plan Transportation policies, as well as the adopted Palo Alto Bicycle Transportation Plan and School Commute Corridor Network, the City provides the facilities, programs and services to increase bicycling and walking and is already implementing or in the process of developing many of the strategies and tactics recommended by the Green Ribbon Task Force. Palo Alto has been designated a Gold Level Bicycle Friendly Community by the American League of Bicyclists. The City has an extensive network of bicycle routes, off-road bike paths, bicycle bridges and undercrossings. The Bicycle Transportation Plan calls for six new bicycle boulevards and two new undercrossings of the Caltrain tracks. The City commits $50,000 annually in the Capital Improvement Program for the implementation of the bike boulevard network. This year, Palo Alto will implement the Maybell/Donald bicycle boulevard trial project. Bicycle parking facilities are provided in the business districts, at all City facilities and at both Caltrain stations. The City maintains a reserve supply of bike racks for new installations and for replacement of old/damaged bike racks. Palo Alto Zoning Ordinance parking requirements mandate new developments to provide bicycle parking and showers on site for employees as well as visitor bicycle parking. At the Palo Alto Page 16 of 26 4/13/2007 Caltrain station, bicycle parking has been enhanced and expanded by the recently reopened, state of the art Palo Alto Bikestation, a project supported by the City in partnership with several other agencies. Recent projects such as the Embarcadero Bike Path and Homer Undercrossing have improved the bicycle route network and enhanced pedestrian and bicycle access to transit. For many years, all transportation improvement projects, street maintenance projects and traffic signal projects have routinely been reviewed by the Pa!o Alto Bicycle Advisory Committee for input on bicyclists’ needs. As a result of this process, all existing demand- responsive traffic signals are sensitive to bicyclists. The City promotes annual bike/walk activities such as Bike Month and Bike to Work Day in May and Walk to School/Way2Go Day in October and, as an employer, offers bicycle and walking commute rewards. Currently, there are no plans to create pedestrian/bike only (e.g. auto free) retail zones. This would require extensive study and coordination with the Chamber of Commerce and retail business district representatives. Mass Transit Palo Alto actively promotes increased availability and usage of public transit. The City operates the free Palo Alto shuttle program and coordinates and advocates with local and regional transit agencies for expanded transit services in Palo Alto. The 1999 Palo Alto Shuttle Master Plan envisioned a network of 5 shuttle routes. The City shuttle program now offers two routes, the Crosstown shuttle and Embarcadero, which carry over 170,000 annual riders. Two other shuttle routes identified in the shuttle feasibility study are currently operated by Stanford University (Marguerite Downtown Express) and Caltrain (Deer Creek shuttle). Additional routes or increases in service frequency would be dependent upon additional financial resources. One option could be a partnership between the City and Santa Clara Valley Transportation Agency to develop a VTA "community bus service" in Palo Alto, wherein the VTA could operate smaller transit buses and redesign the local transit routes to better meet the needs of the community. Such a partnership with VTA might allow the City to leverage the existing local shuttle budget with VTA resources to offer expanded free shuttle services in the community. The coordination of bus and shuttle routes with Caltrain service is a complex issue. The Embarcadero Shuttle and several of the Stanford Marguerite shuttles, which operate at very frequent headways, are timed to meet Caltrain schedules. Other local transit routes operate at 30 to 60 minute headways and, at the discretion of the respective transit agencies, may or may not coordinate with Caltrain, but may coordinate with other transit lines at major transit hubs, including the Palo Alto Intermodal Transit Center. Page 17 of 26 4/13/2007 At present there are no plans to require local employers to offer financial incentives to employers who use rnass transit. Mandatory transportation demand management programs are not allowed per state law. Parking The City’s Zoning Ordinance parking requirements allow for reductions in the number of parking spaces if employers can demonstrate effective transportation demand management programs and/or proximity to transit services. Proposed revisions to the zoning ordinance parking requirements include parking cash out programs as one of the TDM strategies. Currently, the City has limited programs to support green vehicles. Three public parking structures in the Downtown have free charging stations for electric vehicles. However, there are no plans at present to designate "green vehicle" spaces on-street or in off-street parking facilities. Further study of the current and projected level of green vehicle ownership or usage in the local area would be useful in determining what amount of parking could be reserved for green vehicles. This concept would need to studied and discussed with the downtown and California Avenue parking assessment district businesses, insofar as designating the green parking spaces would reduce the number of parking spaces available to all drivers. School Commute The City, PAUSD, PTA and community leaders have coalesced to form a Safe Routes to School Task Force which advocates for traffic safety and trip reduction through walking, bicycling, carpooling and transit alternatives to achieve reduced vehicular congestion along school commute routes. The City and PAUSD track use of alternative modes on an annual basis in October during the Walk to School events. Data have shown a steady growth in walk/bike alternatives as a result of the coordinated outreach and encouragement efforts as well as the in-class bike/pedestrians safety education programs in grades K-8. City staff is participating in the pilot of the PAUSD "green teams" at four schools. These teams will recruit trip reduction champions and set school goals for reducing car trips and emissions by encouraging alternative ways to get to school. Other strategies to encourage school commute alternatives are constrained by PAUSD policy and funding decisions related to the level of PAUSD school bus programs, academic "choice" schools which require cross-town commuting, and start/dismissal times at individual schools. City Vehicle Fleet and Fuels Equipment Management’s current fuel-efficiency and alternative fuels efforts are focused in areas where there are cost-effective alternatives and the potential for significant offsets, such as those provided by compressed natural gas and biodiesel. Of the more than 350,000 gallons of fuel consumed by 650 City vehicles last year, less than 17,000 Page 18 of 26 4/1312007 gallons were consumed by "cars" - the vehicles that are typically thought of during discussions concerning fuel efficiency, alternative fuels and "hybrid" vehicles. The remainder of the fuel was consumed by police cars, light, medium and heavy trucks, turf and construction equipment, and other miscellaneous equipment. Although the City’s policy is to purchase the most fuel-efficient and economical vehicles and equipment, and to consider alternatively fueled vehicles whenever they are available, in most cases, there are really no alternatives to conventional technology. Because of this, we have been reducing and/or offsetting the use of fossil fuels in equipment classes with the highest fuel consumption, and where viable and cost-effective alternatives are available. The City fleet currently includes 80 CNG vehicles, more than 50 of which are pickup trucks and vans. We also provide CNG fuel for six PAUSD buses, and six PASCO recycling trucks. We are currently using a biodiesel blend at the City’s landfill, where eight pieces of equipment account for more than 10% of the City’s total fuel consumption. Last year, we were able to avoid the consumption of more than 60,000 gallons of fossil fuels (17% of total consumption) through these efforts. We are strongly committed to the continued use of CNG, unfortunately, many of the City’s existing CNG vehicles are at the end of their useful life, and there are no CNG replacements available. There is currently only one CNG vehicle on the market; the Honda Civic, and the typical CNG conversion on a medium-duty truck costs more than $50,000. Several hybrid vehicles are available, and will be considered if they fit the application and are cost-effective. The City"s fleet currently includes two hybrids. We will continue to experiment with new technologies as they become available. A new fueling facility is currently under construction at the MSC; this facility will store and dispense CNG, gasoline and diesel, and will include an additional storage tank that will allow us to expand our use of biodiesel, as well as other alternative fuels, such as ethanol. Once the new facility is complete, we will be opening Our existing CNG facility for public access. Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) is the most potent of the six major greenhouse gases. Its 100- year Global Warming Potential of 22,200 means that emitting one pound of SF6 is equivalent to 10 metric tonnes of CO2. An important use of SF6 is in high-voltage switching equipment because of its excellent electrical insulating characteristics. Palo Alto has approximately 1658 lbs of SF6 in electric system high-voltage switches and breakers, and approximately 455 lbs in gas cylinders. In 2006, CPAUjoined the USEPA’s SF6 Emission Reduction Partnership for Electric Power Systems. Little or no SF6 currently leaks out of CPAU’s SF6-containing equipment under normal conditions. The program helps to raise awareness of the proper handling of SF6, and staff is evaluating long-term alternatives to SF6-containing high-voltage switches and circuit breakers as they are developed. Whenever possible, vacuum-breaker switches, which do not contain any SF6, are being procured for new and replacement electric distribution equipment, and measures are taken to ensure that the gas is not released to the atmosphere when equipment is removed from service. Page 19 of 26 4/13/2007 4. Other Community Efforts This section highlights efforts being undertaken by the School District, Chamber of Commerce, and the community at large (Step It Up 2007), and neighboring communities. PAUSD In 2003-2004 the District identified utilities management as a cost saving measure in its annual budget. With funding from the City ofPalo Alto’s CARE (Consultant Assistance for Resource Efficiency) program, Salas-O’Brien Engineering was hired to conduct energy audits at each of the school sites served by the City of Palo Alto Utilities (CPAU). These audits revealed a need to expand the Energy Management System to encompass additional buildings, particularly portable classrooms. A second round of grant-funded audits has led to a list of energy efficiency recommendations for each school as wel! as the development of a site systems manual for maintenance staff. In addition, PG&E has agreed to fund energy audits for the two sites it services, Escondido and Nixon elementary schools, and CPAU has conducted water audits across the District. In 2004, the Board adopted the Guidelines on Sustainable Construction requiring design professionals and District staff to incorporate Collaborative for High Performance Schools (CHPS) design criteria and best practices into all future PAUSD building projects. The Board also asked staff to pay particular attention to lifecycle cost analysis in making decisions during the design process. O’Connor Construction translated CI-IPS requirements into a strategy document to help guide future construction efforts, and numerous construction and maintenance staff were trained on CHPS design principles. As part of the Master Plan update, District Ed Specs and Technical Standards were reviewed and amended to include high performance design principles. Because most construction under the Building for Excellence Program (B4E) program was completed before the passage of the CHPS board resolution, high performance design has not been incorporated into any building projects. However, the construction of a Science Resource Center (SRC) and the renovation of the Gunn administrative buildings will provide the District its first opportunities to apply the best practices outlined by CHPS. The School Traffic Safety Committee makes ongoing efforts to improve the alternative commute options and education through efforts such as the "Cool School Commutes" event to promote biking, walking, busing and pooling as part of other Earth Day events going on in April. The committee is constantly lobbying via the to get busing, biking, and walking needs addressed in the district. The Sustainable Schools Committee also raised $50,000 to help finance a 20 kW PV system on Escondido School. Most recently, PAUSD has added a behavioral component to its utility reduction efforts. Green Teams at each of five pilot schools (Hoover, Escondido, Jordan, Gunn, and Paly) engage students, parents, staff, and community resources to identify energy and waste reduction opportunities and educate the school community about sustainability projects. The Green Teams receive utility reports from Salas O’Brien in order to track gas, electricity, and water use. The District supports each Green Team with a start-up grant of Page 20 of 26 4/13/2007 $2500, half of any utility savings realized by the site, training in community-based social marketing to foster sustainable behavior, and curricular resources. Chamber of Commerce: Palo Alto Business Goes Green The Palo Alto Chamber of Commerce is encouraging businesses to "Go Green." _Palo Alto Business Goes Green seeks to: 1. Make the "business case" to the community for reducing carbon emissions. 2.. Create a Pa!o Alto Business Goes Green web page: see http://paloaltochamber.com/chamber/green.asp 3. Publicize the Santa Clara County Green Business Program td the Palo Alto business community, and encourage larger companies to partner with Sustainable Silicon Valley. 4. Represent the business community within future City-wide climate action efforts recommended by the Mayor’s Green Ribbon Task Force. 5. Provide Chamber members with seminars about certification process for different categories of business. 6. Encourage local financial institutions to create a business loan program for companies needing additional capital to qualify for "green" certification. 7. Provide a special promotional package for recognizing and advertising. 8. Sponsor an annual educational event in partnership with the City to honor Palo Alto businesses certified through the Santa Clara County Green Businesses program, and to award innovation. The initial thrust of the Palo Alto Business Goes Green as described on the website is encouraging Palo Alto businesses to participate in the Santa Clara County Green Business Programcoordinated by the Association of Bay Area Governments (ABAG). To be certified as a "Green Business," participants must comply with all applicable environmental regulations and then go "above and beyond," selecting a specified number of environmental actions from a checklist of standards for conserving resources, preventing pollution and minimizing waste. The Green Business Program Coordinator conducts facility audits to confirm adherence to these standards before granting "Green Business" certification, and recertification occurs every three years. There is no charge to participants to go through the green certification process. To date, fourteen Palo Alto businesses have been certified, including the City of Palo Alto. The City is currently undertaking the recertification process. Step-it-Up 2007: April 14 A host of community volunteers rallied to make Earth Week 2007 a truly invigorating experience, with its main event held at Mitchell Park on April 14, 2007. The event and related activities are a shining example of how the community as a whole can collaborate Page 21 of 26 4/13/2007 to continue the momentum of the GRTF to educate and motivate the people to be more aware of and take action to address global climate change. Step It Up Silicon Valley is part of a national grassroots movement calling on Congress to reduce carbon emissions 80% by 2050. April 14, 2007 was declared a National Day of Climate Action with more than 1,000 events taking place throughout the country. A partial list of Community Outreach Partners for Step It Up Silicon Valley includes the American Association of University Women (Palo Alto branch), Canopy, League of Women Voters of Palo Alto, Palo Alto Adult School, Palo Alto Chamber of Commerce and Sierra Club. The Step It Up flier is included as Appendix L. Neighboring Communities Menlo Park and Portola Valley, among others, have begun efforts similar to Palo Alto’s GRTF. Staff and several members of the GRTF at large have met with both groups to help get them started and to hopefully grease the skids to make it easier for them to get started by learning vicariously. Page 22 of 26 4/13/2007 5. GRTF Recommendations and Responses Detailed Recommendations by Committee Current responses to the individual detailed GRTF recommendations are provided in Appendices E through I. As the Transportation Committee recommendations are so numerous and detailed, they are more appropriately addressed in groups by the major key recommendation topic areas. There are also several themes that cut across more than one committee that are addressed in this section: Lobbying, Offsets, the Green Incubator concept, eTravel, and PuNic-Private Partnership. Lobbying The objective of the City’s legislative advocacy effort is to take timely and effective action in support of or in opposition to issues affecting Palo Alto. With regard to the Council’s Climate Protection priority, staff will use the existing legislative advocacy process to review, evaluate and act on specific legislative and policy issues that further the Climate Protection objective. The lobbying recommendations in the Mayor’s Green Ribbon Task Force (GRTF) report cover a variety of topics and suggest advocacy positions that in some cases are counter to established policy and, in other cases, call for more public discussion and specific policy direction from Council. The City will continue to work closely with its confessional representatives, other governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations and the members of the community to leverage the effectiveness of its Climate Protection advocacy goals. Offsets, Allowances and Credits For the City to commit to investing public funds into emissions ~allowances, credits, 0r offsets, a careful evaluation is needed to identify exactly what kinds of emissions reduction projects or credits would be best suited for the City, how one goes about verifying the validity and quality of such a mechanism, legal requirements, potential costs, and how such an endeavor would be funded. This analysis is likely to take up to a year before a tangible recommendation on City purchase of offsets could be ready. The Environmental Stewardship Steering Committee has selected such an offset review as a project for the coming year. In the mean time, the California Air Resources Board is conducting a road stakeholder process to determine rule by which such a market mechanism may play a role in facilitating compliance with AB32, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. Staff will be following these proceedings closely to ensure that recommendations to invest in reductions credits or projects are in keeping with CARB’s direction and regulations. In the mean time, individuals and companies can readily purchase GHG reduction credits from a number of sources other than through a City program. Page 23 of 26 4/13/2007 Green Incubator Concept One way to demonstrate the City’s stature as a center of green innovation and practices would be to create a Green Business Incubator in the City. This would be a place to which early-stage companies could come for a variety of potential services: temporary office or meeting space, administrative support services, advice on product development, advice on how to bring a product to market, etc. The process of creating an incubator (or similar concept, such as an "innovation center") is actually more of a science than an art. San Jose has had an Environmental Business Cluster for 13 years. Its Executive Director (and founder), Jim Robbins, runs a company that helps people around the country establish business incubators. This is a local and available resource should the City decide to pursue this. To create such a center, the City would need to invest in personnel--either City staff or privately funded staff-- to begin developing partnerships and raising funds. Also, a person or persons would need to write and implement a business plan. Jim estimates that - aside from the fundraising - it would require one half-time person for about six months, and one full-time person for another 3-6 months to get the doors open. After helping create 35 business incubators, he claims that the whole project could be realized, from start to initial opening for business, within twelve months. e Travel The Green Ribbon Task Force (GRTF) recommends that the City of Palo Alto pursue and/or continue several initiatives to reduce carbon emissions by incorporating various telecommunications measures. The City currently encourages electronic alternatives to travel in several ways. Over 240 City employees have full access (VLAN) privileges to the city network fi’om home Or any remote internet access. This is the primary component of"telecommuting." The work from home alternative over VLAN reduces automotive travel as well as time efficiency. Employees are encouraged to participate in "Webinars" rather than travel when possible. Webinars are live desktop seminars conducted from remote locations that are available on web-connected computers. These and other internet-based distance learning tools are further enabled by the City’s high-speed internet connection made possible by the City’s Fiber Optic Network. Libraries also have robust high-speed internet connections over the Fiber Network, malting these facilities available for this educational resource. The existing City Fiber Network is available to help implement any number of telecommunications-intensive eTravel initiatives. An existing example of a productive use of the Fiber Network is the public-private partnership between the Mid-Peninsula Community Media Center and the City for the webcast of Counci! Meetings and other community events. Many citizens watch Council meetings from home, limiting downtown congestion. Page 24 of 26 4/13/2007 Residents in Palo Alto may also telecommute since the City is served by two competing broadband providers: AT&T and Comcast, both of which keep abreast of the latest technologies and required bandwidth rates to enable these services. Many local hotels have webcast facilities that they rent out to companies and organizations to create localized "sub-meetings" that are tuned into a broadcast of a national meeting from a remote location. Furthermore, telecommuting is on the checklist under the pollution prevention section of the Santa Clara County Green Business Certification process, and can be counted towards certification. Businesses are not at this time required to offer telecommuting in order to become certified as it is not compatible with all types of operations, but it is definitely encouraged. Public-Private Partnership Scoping the possibilities for a public-private partnership to advance the education and motivation recommendations of the GRTF has been delayed because many of the key participants have been deeply involved with the Step It Up Silicon Valley Earth Week event. Staff will revisit the possible role for such a partnership, and will need to also incorporate the possible interaction with the proposed Environmental Commission. In the mean time, both the Chamber of Commerce’s Palo Alto Businesses Go Green, Acterra’s Green@Home initiative, and the School District’s Sustainability Committee and school Green Teams have developed significant momentum in promoting awareness of greenhouse gas issues and actions that can be taken by individuals, families and companies. Also, Planning & Transportation Commissioner Arthur Rosenfeld kindly reserved several domain names along the "Green Palo Alto" theme that might prove suitable for the "PR Umbrella" idea put forth by the Education & Motivation Committee, including: ¯GreenPaloAlto.com, .net, .org, .info; ¯SustainablePaloAlto.com, .net, .org, .info; ¯GreenRibbonTaskForce.com, .net, .org, .info; and *PaloAltoGreen.com, .net, .org, .info (with redirect entries to http ://www.cpau.com/programs/green/) Page 25 of 26 4/13/2007 6. Appendices A. GRTF Report Executive Summary Recommendations B. Palo Alto 2005 Greenhouse Gas Inventory Summary Report C. Palo Alto 2005 CCAR Entity Report D. Palo Alto 2005 CCAR Power Utility Protocol Report E. RKS Survey Report Global Warming Excerpts F. Electric Utility Environmental Conference 2007 Presentation Slides G. Staff Response to GRTF Baseline Committee Recommendations H. Staff Response to GRTF Energy Committee Recommendations I. Staff Response to GRTF Building Committee Recommendations J. Staff Response to GRTF Transportation Committee Recommendations K. Staff Response to GRTF Education Committee Recommendations L. Step It Up 2007 Silicon Valley Flier M. Glossary Page 26 of 26 4/13/2007 Appendix A. GRTF Report Executive Summary Recommendations CORE RECOMMENDATIONS Council direct staff to evaluate and recommend alternatives that are feasible, effective, and affordable to come as close as practicable to climate neutrality in City government operations; facilitate community-wide activities to reduce emissions; and influence regiona!, state, and federal agencies to address climate change. 1. Lead by example by continuing to report greenhouse gas emissions inventory for City operations and encourage/challenge businesses to participate. 2. Develop tools to measure progress in achieving community-wide emissions reductions. 3. Develop and implement a climate action plan for the City utilities department with the goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2020. 4. Revise City purchasing policies and practices to incorporate environmental costs. 5. Incorporate City vehicle fleet and employee commuting in the City’s climate action plan. 6. Work with regional transportation agencies to advance the availability and ridership of public transportation and low-emissions transportation alternatives. 7. Incorporate green building practices into construction review process and building codes to evolve green building from exception to mainstream. 8.Investigate a public-private partnership with the mission to actively raise awareness of and motivate actions to avert global wanning. BASELINE ~Develop tools for all GHGs ¯More frequent update on transportation data ®Uniform protocol for Municipalities ENERGY Council direct staff to develop a Climate Action Plan for utilities, including the following elements: 1. Reduce electricity and natural gas use through conservation and energy efficiency. 2. Reduce the carbon intensity of the energy supply provided by CPAU. 3. Expand the use of renewable energy installed or purchased directly by customers. 4. Participate in and promote GHG emissions inventory tracking and reporting. 5. Promote and implement climate-neutral alternatives and education. 6. Employ urban forest opportunities to reduce energy use and increase carbon sequestration. 7. Invest in GHG-reducing projects or offsets to balance remaining emissions. 8. Support research and development in GHG-reducing science and technology. 9. Coordinate climate protection activities with those of building and planning. Page A-1 of 3 ¯Promoting R&D in the "clean-tech" arena, by working to establish a Green Tech Center to facilitate the commercialization of new technologies relevant to global warming. TRANSPORTATION 1. Promote alternative fuels, with the City leading the way in purchasing fuel- efficient vehicles. 2. Facilitate increased biking and walking. 3. Increase mass transit availability. 4. Encourage electronic alternatives to travel. 5. Reduce emissions from school commuting. 6. Use parking incentives to encourage less driving. 7. Consider having the City offset its emissions, and encourage businesses and residents to do .the same. BUILDING 1. Provide green building planning and building review advice and education by hiring new, training existing staff or using consultant time. Require senior building officials to be LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) accredited and BIG (Build it Green) certified. Provide green educational materials at planning and building department. 2. Require LEED/BIG points list to be printed on permit drawings, and require an escalating number of points be met over a period of years. 3. Provide incentives or recognition for incorporating green building elements in both residential and nonresidential buildings. 4. "Offer expedited reviews or lower costs for green energy projects. 5. Allow specific exemptions to building guidelines when green elements are applied." 6. Build or establish more traffic reducing ’development. 7. Provide incentives to encourage businesses and residents to invest in efficiency and renewables; and explore requiring energy upgrades (e.g., installation of solar hot water) when a property changes hands or undergoes significant improvement. 8. Use trees to save energy, and encourage or require water efficiency and aquifer replenishment. 9. Encourage transit-oriented development and promote biking and walking. EDUCATION 1. Improve communication about "green" issues between nodes. 2. Identify common goals and reinforce them. Encourage synergy by sharing existing ideas and programs. 3. Create a "bandwagon effect" by making the message about our community’s response to global warmingconstantly reinforced and visible everywhere. Create a sense of moral imperative about this issue. 4.Create synergy, not duplication, between new and existing green activities. Suggestions include identifying a lead organization within each node, asking Page A-2 of 3 o that organization what is already being done in its area, creating a computer database of those actions, and encouraging each node to adopt its own "green certification" program. Create an overall "PR Umbrella" for Palo Alto green action. The report contains several creative suggestions for implementation. To leverage the work that’s already going on and integrate it with new green action, create a public/private partnership. SUMMARY Direct staff to develop a formal Climate Action Plan (see report of Energy Committee). This approach is similar to the one adopted on the issue of Zero Waste, in which a citizens’ committee proposed a Strategic Plan (analogous to this report), which the staff is using to develop an Operations Plan (analogous to the requested Climate Action Plan). ¯As part of the Action Plan, devise a Public/Private Partnership along the lines recommended by the Education/Motivation Committee. The TF believes that the formation of such a partnership is absolutely essential if the City is serious about engaging all stakeholders ("nodes") of the community. ¯Direct that the duties of the Partnership include convening periodic meetings in which TF members and the public would be invited to suggest other possible actions to be taken by the City and its stakeholders. Page A-3 of 3 Appendix B. City of Palo Alto 2005 Greenhouse Gas Inventory Summary Report Executive Summary This report summarizes the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory of the City of Palo Alto (the City) for calendar year 2005. The data and descriptions were originally assembled by Kathleen Livelli, a summer intern without whom this task would have been tremendously difficult. The City voluntarily reported its 2005 emissions to the California Climate Action Registry (the Registry). The data were certified by Tetra-Tech, Inc. in December 2006. As this is the City’s first time reporting with the Registry, the 2005 GHG emissions will serve as the City’s baseline for future reporting and for measuring the success of continuing and new programs and policies. The entity-wide CCAR report is available to the public at waYw.climateregistry.org. This report provides additional detail by sub-entity, fuel, and end use. In accordance with Registry procedures, the City only reported carbon dioxide emissions to the Registry for 2005. The other main greenhouse gases (methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride) are not required for submittal until the fourth reporting year. Quantities are expressed in metric tonnes. Table 1 breaks down the total reported 2005 CO2 emissions into direct (those that are from sources owned or controlled by the City) and indirect (those that are from sources owned or controlled by another entity but occur because of the City’s actions). Table 2 shows total carbon dioxide emissions from total electricity and natural gas sold to the community by City of Palo Alto Utilities Department (CPAU) in 2005. These community-wide emissions are not included in the reported emissions inventory with the Registry because the City of Palo Alto municipal government is not responsible for the community’s use of electricity and natural gas. However, these emissions would be included for any Palo Alto business that elects to report their emission with the Registry. Table 1. The City’s reported 2005 CO~ emissions. City’s CO2 Emissions Reported to California Climate Action Registry tonnes Direct Emissions (natural gas and liquid fuel use) Indirect Emissions (electricity use and electric system losses) Reported Total 9,259 12,982 22,241 Table 2. Palo Alto community-wide 2005 CO2 emissions from electricity and natural gas. CPAU ELECTRICITY kwh tonnes COTP Line Losses 9,828,934 3,002 Total Electricity Generated & Purchased 996,091,198 145,007 Distribution Losses.38,024,225 5,535 Total Electricity Retail Sales 958,066,973 139,472 CPAU NATURAL GAS therms tonnes Retail Sales to Customers 31,374,970 165,612 COBUG Generator Use 133,887 707 CNG 1,797 129 Total Natural Gas Usage 31,510,654 166,448 K. Knapp/K. Livelli Page B-1 of 13 March 25, 2007 Report Terminology and Organization Currently, the Registry lists six classes of greenhouse gases for reporting: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N20), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Because this is the City’s first year of reporting with the Registry, only carbon dioxide emissions are required for submittal. This report provides complete data for the City’s CO2 emissions. The language and terminology of this report is consistent with that of the Climate Action Registry Repotting Online Tool (CARROT), the Climate Action Registry General Reporting Protocol 2.1 (GRP), and Appendix X to the GRP: Power/Utility Reporting Protocol (PUP). Organizational categories are explained as follows: The Enti _ty The City of Palo Alto is the entity reporting GHG emissions. It encompasses all departments of the local municipality of the City of Palo Alto including the Utilities Department (CPAU) and the Regional Water Quality Control Plant (RWQCP). CPAU is the only municipal utility in California that operates city-owned utility services that include electric, fiber optic, natural gas, water and wastewater services. An organizational chart of Palo Alto including all City Departments and Funds is shown in Figure 1. Sub-Entities ("Facilities") The City has been divided into four sub-entities (called facilities in CARROT) for reporting GHG emissions. These sub-entities are defined as follows: Utilities - Electric Fund Part of the CPAU, the Electric Fund is the division in which wholesale electricity is generated or purchased and sold to retail customers. Utilities - Natural Gas, Water, and Wastewater Natural Gas, Water, and Wastewater represents the Utilities. Department (less the Electric Fund). This division of the Utilities Department includes natural gas purchasing and distribution, water distribution, and collection and transport of wastewater. .3.Regional Water Quality Control Plant The Regional Water Quality ContT"ol Plant (RWQCP) is a part of the Department of PuNic Works. The RWQCP is operated by the City of Palo Alto; however, it is a regional facility. Only 35% of the wastewater treated is attributable to Palo Alto; the remainder comes from neighboring Partner Cities and Stanford. City Services & Public Works For reporting with the Registry, this sub-entity represents the entire City of Palo Alto municipal government excluding the Utilities Department and RWQCP (as they are accounted for in the aforementioned sub-entities). K. Knapp/K. Livelli Page B-2 of 13 March 25, 2007 Palo Alto Residents City Council City Manager City Attorney City Auditor City Clerk Administrative Services Community Services Fire ] Human Resources Library Planning & Community Environment Police Public Works ] Refuse Storm Drainage Wastewater Treatment General Fund Programs Utilities Natural Gas Water Wastewater Collection Figure 1. Palo Alto Organizational Chart - The City’s Enterprise Funds that are reported as separate sub-entities in CARROT are marked by color and border. K. Knapp/K. Livelli Page B-3 of 13 March 25, 2007 The Registry has divided GHG emissions into the following categories: Direct Emissions Direct emissions are from sources that are owned or controlled organization, and they include the following subcategories: 1. by the reporting Stationary Combztstion Stationary sources are non-mobile and emit OliOs from anthropogenic fossil fuel and biodiesel combustion (other biogenic sources, e.g. biomass, are not included). The City’s stationary sources include natural gas combustion for heating and combustion of CNG, diesel, biodiesel, and gasoline by equipment (e.g., lawn mowers, stripers, generators, etc.). Some mobile/portable sources (e.g., street sweepers, golf carts) have been included in the Stationary, as opposed to Mobile, category because they are not traditional on-road vehicles and/or do not have the same air quality control devices (e.g. catalytic converters) as such vehicles. It should be duly noted that classifying these mobile/portable equipment as stationary is a conservative assumption since stationary emission factors are slightly higher than mobile emission factors. Mobile Combustion Mobile combustion sources are non-stationary emitters of GHGs such as automobiles, motorcycles, and trucks. The City’s sources of mobile combustion include all of its traditional road vehicles (e.g., the Police Dept. fleet, trucks used by Dept. Public Works, cars for employees’ work-related traveling, etc.). Fugitive The majority of fugitive GHG emissions are specific to various industry sectors or processes, including: manuf-acturing, natural gas transport and distribution, coal mining, waste management, wastewater treatment, and refrigerant leakage from air conditioning and refrigeration equipment. The City has no fugitive emissions of carbon dioxide. However, for future reporting, leakage of methane from the natural gas pipeline network and CNG fueling pumps are estimated to be significant sources of non-CO2 greenhouse gases (see Appendix D). .~rocess Process GHG emissions result from specific industry processes (e.g., cement manufacturing, coal gasification, and hydrogen production). The City does not have any sources of process emissions. Biogenic Emissions Biogenic emissions are stationary, but in Registry protocols are reported separately from anthropogenic stationary emissions on the PUP Report. However, in CARROT (the Registry’s online reporting tool) there is no option for reporting biogenic emissions for non-utility operations. Therefore, the City has included them under Optional Reporting in CARROT with a note marldng them as biogenic. Because they are in Optional Reporting, they are not automatically included in the grand total of CO2 emissions in CARROT. The City’s biogenic emissions include landfill gas flaring and leakage, and wastewater sludge incineration. Emissions from biodiesel that are otherwise included with liquid fuel combustion emissions are also highlighted in the Optional Reporting section. K. Knapp/K. Livelli Page B-4 of 13 March 25, 2007 Indirect Emissions Indirect emissions are produced by sources owned or controlled by another entity but occur because of the reporting organization’s actions. Indirect emissions typically include emissions from purchased and consumed electricity, heat, steam, or cooling. The City’s indirect emissions reported in CARROT include electricity end use, and transmission and distribution losses. Indirect emissions from total electricity purchased for CPAU customers is reported in the PUP (Power/Utility Protocol) Report. De Minimis Emissions According to the Registry, de minimis emissions are a quantity of GHG emissions from any combination of sources and/or gases, which, when summed equal less than 5% of the organization’s total emissions. The City has chosen to classify propane use and gasoline purchased at commercial gas stations that is not included in the City’s fuel transactions database as de minimis. These emissions are reported in their appropriate categories in CARROT (D!rect - Stationary and Direct - Mobile, respectively) but marked as de minimis because their calculated emissions are only estimates and their data sources are not official City records. Optional Reporting The Registry’s optional reporting section allows for inclusion of any GHG emissions that do not fit into the above categories as well as measures the reporting organization has undertaken to reduce GHGs. CARROT does not include any emissions reported as optional in the grand total. The City’s biogenic emissions are included as optional in CARROT. The City has also chosen to report its Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) purchases and energy efficiency programs in this category. Methodology Emissions were estimated using emission factors taken directly from the Registry’s GRP 2.1 or calculated using a combination of conversion and emission factors from the GRP 2.1 and specific City information. Emission factors for electricity were calculated based on CPAU Power Content Label (Figure 2) and the Annual Power Disclosure Report submitted to the California Energy Commission. Most of Palo Alto’s 2005 electricity supply was from sources without direct GHG emissions (large hydro, small hydro, and wind). The main source of greenhouse gas emissions from electricity is the portion of 2005 supply from unspecified sources, or "generic" market power. The 2005 CPAU power mix consisted of 8% eligible renewables sources of electricity (an increase from 5% in 2004). For consistency with other entities reporting with the Registry, the City’s electricity emission factors were computed by multiplying the Registry’s default emission factors for generic power in California (804.5 lb/kWh) by the percentage of generic power in the CPAU power mix (approximately 40%). Estimates for carbon content of generic market power in northern California range from about 800 lb/kWh (EPA eGrid) to 1148 Ib/kWh (California Climate Action Team) to 1250 Ib/kWh (U.S. Department of Energy). Table 3 lists the carbon dioxide emissions coefficients that were used in the analysis and their sources, with references to Table 4, which provides details of the calculations. K. Knapp/K. Livelli Page B-5 of 13 March 25, 2007 POWER CONTENT LABEL Eligible Renewables ~iomass & Waste ,,Geothermal -Small Nydroelecbdc ~olar -W~nd Large Hydroelectric Natural Nuclear Other TOTAL <1% <1% 12% 8% <1% 2% <1% ti% 63% 17% I00% 4% <I% 3% 1% <1% <1% 29% 20% 45% 2% 0% 1o0% Table 3. Carbon dioxide emissions coefficients and their sources. Carbon Dioxide Emissions Coefficients Stationary- Natural Gas & CNG 5.28 kg/therm Stationary- Diesel 10.05 kglgal Stationary- Biodiesel (B20)9.92 kg/gal Stationary- Gasoline 8.78 kg/gal Stationary- Propane 5.67 kg/gal Mobile- Gasoline 8.78 kg/gal Mobile- Diesel 10.05 kg/gal Mobile- Biodiesel (B20)9.94 kg/gal Mobile- CNG 6.86 kg/gge Electricity - Use & Distribution Losses (from CPAU Power Mix)0.321 Ibs./kWh Electricity - Transmission Losses (North flow) Electricity - Transmission Losses (South flow) Biogenic - Landfill Gas Flaring (CO2 portion)1 Ibs./Ib. CO2 Biogenic- Landfill Gas Flaring (CH4 portion)2.74 Ibs./Ib. CH4 Landfill Gas Leakage (CO2)1 Ibs./Ib. CO2 Sludge Incineration 1 Ibs./lb. CO2 804.54 Ibs./MWh 671.04 Ibs./MWh *Calculations are shown in Appendix A. Source *calculation #1; GRP 2.1 (pages 82, 91) *calculation #2; GRP 2.1 (page 91) *calculation #3; GRP 2.1(pages 88, 91) *calculation #4; GRP 2.1 (page 91) *calculation #5; GRP 2.1 (page 91) GRP 2.1 (p. 88) GRP 2.1 (p, 88) *calculation #6; GRP 2.1 (page 88) GRP 2.1 (page 88) *calculation #7; (39.89%)*(0.804.54 Ibs./kWh); GRP 2.1 (page 85) EPA eGrid WECC California (CALl); (GRP 2.1 page 85) EPA eGrid WECC Pacific Northwest (NWpN); (GRP 2.1 page 85) (direct measurement of CO2 released) *calculation #8; GRP 2.1 (page 83) (direct measurement of CO~ released) (direct measurement of CO2 released) K. Knapp/K. Livelli Page B-6 of 13 March 25, 2007 Table 4. Calculations for Carbon Dioxide Emissions Coefficients 1.Stationary -Natural Gas & CNG Emissions factor: 53.05 kg CO2/MMBtu (source: GRP 2.1 p. 91) Conversion factor: 1 MMBtu = 10 therms (source: GRP 2.1 p. 82) Oxidation factor: 99.5% (source: GRP 2.1 p. 91) Calculation: (53.05 kg CO2/MMBtu)*(1 MMBtu/10 therms)*(99.5%) = 5.28 kg CO2/therrn 2.Stationary- Diesel Emissions factor: 10.15 kg CO2/gal (source: GRP 2.1 p. 91) Oxidation factor: 99.0% (source: GRP 2.1 p. 91) Calculation: (10.15 kg CO2/gal)*(99.0%) = 10.05 kg CO_~/gal 3.Stationary-Biodiesel (B20) Emissions factor for 100% biodiesel: 9.52 kg CO_~/gal (source: GRP 2.1 p. 88, stationary N/A) Emissions factor for stationary diesel: 10.15 kg CO2/gat (source: GRP 2.1 p. 91) Oxidation factor for diesel: 99.0% (source GRP 2.1 p. 91) Calculation: [(80%)*(10.15 kg CO2/gal) + (20%)*(9.52 kg CO2/gat)]*(99.0%) = 9.92 kg CO_~/gal 4.Stationary- Gasoline Emissions factor: 8.87 kg CO2/gal (source: GRP 2.1 p. 91) Oxidation factor: 99.0% (source: GRP 2.1 p. 91) Calculation: (8.87 kg CO2/gal)*(99.0%) = 8.78 kg CO2/gal 5.Stationary- Propane Emissions factor: 5.70 kg COa/gal (source: GRP 2.1 p. 91) Oxidation factor: 99.5% (source: GRP 2.1 p. 91) Calculation: (5.70 kg C0~_/gal)*(99.5%) = 5.67 kg CO2/gal 6.Mobile- Biodiesel (B20) Emissions factor for 100% biodiesel: 9.52 kg CO2/gal (source: GRP 2.1 p. 88) Emissions factor for diesel (mobile combustion): 10.05 kg CO2/gal (source: GRP 2.1 p. 88) Calculation: (80%)*(10.05 kg CO2/gat) + (20%)*(9.52 kg CO~/gal) = 9.94 kg CO2/gal 7.Electricity - Use & Distribution Losses (from CPAU Power Mix) Emissions factor for generic California electricity: 804.54 lbs. COa/MWh (source: GRP 2.1 p. 85) Conversion factor: 1 MWh = 1,000 kWh Generic Electricity purchased by CPAU: 397,351,600 kwh Total Electricity generated/purchased by CPAU: 996,091,198 kWh *Note: All other electricity generated/purchased by CPAU is renewable/zero emission Calculation: (397,351,600 kWh/996,091,198 kWh)*(804.54 Ibs. COaiMWh)*(1 MWh!1,000 kWh) = 0.321 lbs. COa/kWh 8.Biogenic - Landfill Gas Flaring (CH4 portion) Conversion factors: 1,000 cfCH4 = 1 McfCH4 = 42.28 lbs. CH4 = 115.97 lbs. CO2 = 1 Mcf COa (source: GRP 2.1 p. 83) Calculation: (1 Mcf COa/Mcf CH4)/(42.28 lbs.CH4/Mcf CH4)*(115.97 lbs.CO2/Mcf CO2) = 2.74 lbs. CO2/lb. CH4 K. Knapp/K. Livelli Page B-7 of 13 March 25, 2007 Reported Emissions The City’s 2005 carbon dioxide emissions by sub-entity and source are shown in Table 5. The estimated CO2 emissions from electricity and natural gas for the entire community of Palo Alto (including residents) were 166,488 tonnes for natural gas consumption and 145,007 tormes for electricity use and distribution system losses. Emissions associated with electricity are reported in the PUP Report for reference (see Appendix C). Emissions reported in CARROT are for the City of Palo Alto as a municipal government organization only (the reporting entity). The entity- wide CCAR report is included as Appendix D. In 2005, 30,600,755 kWh of RECs (97.5% wind and 2.5% solar) were purchased, which is equivalent to offsetting 11,174 tonnes CO2, which is reported under the Optional Reporting section of each CCAR report, and are not subtracted from the gross CO2 emissions. Figure 3 and Figure 4 show the City’s reported entity-wide carbon dioxide emissions for 2005. These emissions result from the burning of fossil fuels, electricity use by City facilities, and electricity transmission and distribution system losses in facilities owned by Pa!o Alto. Figure 5 and Figure 6 show the City’s biogenic emissions in addition to the City’s fossil fuel emissions. Biogenic sources (e.g., biomass) contain carbon that has not been fossilized. The City’s three biogenic sources of GHG emissions are (1) wastewater sludge incineration, (2) landfill gas flaring, and (3) leakage from the landfill directly into the atmosphere. Biogenic combustion has net zero or near net zero carbon emissions because the bulk of the carbon burned originally came from the atmosphere and is re-released in the process; this is not the case for fossi! fuel burning in which the carbon came from within the Earth and is being released for the first time since humans existed. Not much can be done to reduce these emissions for the given volume of organic waste flowing into the landfill and the RWQCP, although the City is doing everything possible to reduce their impact on global climate change. For example, although there is a significant amount of CO2 from landfill gas flaring, it is stil! better then le~ing it vent as methane, which has a global warming potential 23 times that of carbon dioxide (pound for pound methane imparts 23 times as much greenhouse effect). In accordance with Registry protocols, Biogenic emissions are reported under the Optional category in CARROT, and are not included in the total emissions calculated in the Registry’s online report. The City’s liquid fue! use for mobile combustion by department and specifically gasoline are listed in Table 6 and illustrated in Figure 7 and Figure 8. The Utilities, Public Works, and Police Departments combined account for 79% of the City’s total liquid fuel use and 80% of gasoline used in vehicles. K. Knapp/K. Livelli Page B-8 of 13 March 25, 2007 Table 5. Detailed summa12 of the City’s 2005 fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions expressed in metric tonnes. (1 tonne -- 2,204.62 lbs.) Stationary Combustion Utilities- Electric Fund - COBUG (nat. gas) - Natural Gas -Diesel -Gasoline 133,887 therms 8,023 therms 137 gal 32 gal Utilities - Natural Gas, Water, Wastewater - Natural Gas - Diesel - Gasoline RWQCP - Natural Gas - Diesel 5,348 therms 6,455 gal 168 gaI 696,074 therms 667 gal City Services & Public Works -Natural Gas -CNG - Diesel -Biodiesel (B20) -Gasoline 361,612 therms 1,797 therms 29,205 gal 46,034 gal 4,415 gal Mobile Combustion Utilities - Electric Fund - Gasoline 19,167 gal - Diesel 6,909 gal -CNG 2,680 gge Utilities - Natural Gas, Water, Wastewater - Gasoline - Diesel - CNG RWQCP - Gasoline - Diesel - CNG 27,829 gal 16,231 gal 4,562 gge 998 82 1,114 City Services & Public Works - Gasoline 97,252 - Diesel 37,990 - Biodiesel (B20)632 - CNG 10,453 gal gal gge gal gal gal gge 707 42 1 0.3 28 65 1 3,674 7 1,909 9 293 457 39 168 69 18 244 163 31 9 1 8 854 382 6 72 Electricity Utilities - Electric Fund - Electricity Use 339,074 - COTP Transmission Losses (North flow)168,699 - COTP Transmission Losses (South flow)9,660,235 - Distribution Losses 38,024,225 Utilities- Gas, Water, Wastewater - Electricity Use 226,049 RWQCP - Electricity Use 17,424,000 City Services & Public Works - Electricity Use 12,543,201 kWh 49 kWh 62 kWh 2,940 kWh 5,535 kWh 33 kWh I 2,537 kWh I 1,826 Biogenic City Services & Public Works Mcf - Landfill Gas Flaring 144,681 LFG 5,853 Mcf - Landfill Gas Leakage 25,532 LFG 428 RWQCP - Wastewater Sludge Ibs. Incineration 4,200 CO2/hr 16,689 528 1 3 CO2 Carbon Dioxide EmNsionsTo~N (tonnes) 122,241 I Total Electricity Sales plus Distribution Losses 145,007 Total Natural Gas Sales 166,448 *De Minimis emissions are not included in totals. **Community emissions are not included in CCAR report. K. Knapp/K. Livelli Page B-9 of 13 March 25, 2007 CO~ Errissions (tonnes) 7,000- 6,000- 5,000- 4,000- 3,000- 2,000- 1,000- 0 []City Seaices & Public VVorks []~iliti~ -Gas, Wat~VVvV Utilities - Electric Fund Figure 3. The City’s entity-wide CO2 emissions (fossil fuel only) by category. Utilities - El~fic Utilities - Gas, RC0~P City Ser~ces & Fund ware;Public V~:~ks VVastea~ter Figure 4. The City’s entity-wide CO., emissions (fossil fuel only) by sub-entity. ElectriGity Distribution Transrrission Electricity End Use Natural Gas- Mobile Natural C-es- Uquid Fuels - IVlo~le Liquid Fuels - Sta~ionay K. Knapp/K. Livelli Page B-10 of 13 March 25, 2007 03~ ~niss~ons (tonnes) []City Services & Publ i c Works []Utilities - Gas, VVater, VWV []Utilities - Electric Fund Figure 5. The City’s entity-wide CO2 emissions (fossil fuel and biogenic) by category. []VWVSludge Incineration [] Landfill Gas Leakage [] Landfill Gas Raring []Electricity Distribution Losses []CO-I-P Transmission Losses [] Electridty End Use [] Natural Gas - Mobile Figure 6. The City’s entity-wide CO2 emissions (fossil fuel and biogenic) by sub-entity. []Natural Gas - Stationary [] Liquid Fuels - Mobile []Liquid Fuels - Stationary K. Knapp/K. Livetli Page B-11 of 13 March 25, 2007 The City’s carbon dioxide emissions can be broken down further into different categories for more analyses. For example, the City’s liquid fuel use for mobile combustion by department and specifically gasoline are listed in Table 6 and illustrated in Figure 7 and Figure 8. Table 6. Liquid fuel use for mobile combustion by department. City Department Admin & General Administrative Services Community Services Fire Planning & Community Environment Police Public Works Risk Management Utilities Total Gasoline Use in Vehicles Liquid Fuel Use (gal)Gasoline Use in Vehicles (gal) 572 1,899 16,037 6,505 4,036 47,540 20,639 24 46,996 144,248 572 4,898 25,098 29,221 4,036 47,6~15 108,810 24 76,928 297,202 Liquid Fuel Use (Gasoline, Diesel, Biodiese]) in Vehicles & Equipment O% 2%8% O% 26% 10% I% 16% 37% mAdmin & General [] Administrative Services []Community Services [] Fire []Planning & Community Environment D Police []Public Works []Risk Management []Utilities Figure 7. Liquid fuel use (gasoline, diesel, and biodiesel) by City Department. The Utilities, Public Works, and Police Departments combined account for 79% of the City’s total liquid fuel use. K. Knapp/K. Livelli Page B-12 of 13 March 25, 2007 Gasoline Use in Vehicles 11% 5% 33% [] Admin & General [] Administrative Services [] Community Services [] Fire []Planning & Community Environment []Police []Public Works []Risk Management []Utilities Figure 8. Gasoline use in vehicles by City Department. The Utilities, Public Works, and Police Departments combined account for 80% of the City’s total gasoline use for mobile combustion. K. Knapp/K. Livelli Page B-13 of 13 March 25, 2007 Report 3/20/07 6:32 pm City of Palo Alto 250 Hamilton Ave Palo Alto, CA 94301 United States http ://www.cityofpaloalto.org 650-329-2309 karl. kn a p p@cityofpaloalto.org Contact:Karl Knapp Industry Type:Government - Municipal/County NAIC Code:92-Public Administration SIC Code: Description:Palo Alto Municipal Government, including Administration, Community Services Liraries, City Attorney, City Auditor, City Clerk, Fire, Police, Public Works (including Refuse, Sotrm Drainage, and Wastewater Treatment), and Municipal Utilities (including Electric, Natural Gas, Water, and Wastewater Collection). Additional information for CPAU electric utilities is available on the attached PUP report. Legend ~= required Reporting Year:2005 Reporting Scope:CA Reporting Protocol: Baseline Year (Direct Emissions): Baseline Year (Indirect Emissions): General Reporting Protocol, Version 2.1 (June 2006); Power/Utility Reporting Protocol, Version i (April 2005) 2005 20O5 Mobile Combustion 2,025.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 metric ton Stationary Combustion 7,233,52 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 metric ton Process Emissions 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Fugitive Emissions 0.00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL DIRECT 9,259.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 metric ton * HFCs and PFCs are classes of greenhouse gases that include many compounds. These columns may reflect ihe total emissions of multiple HFC and PFC compounds, each of which has a unique Global Warming Potential (GWP). Emissions of each gas are first multiplied by their respective GWP and then summed in the total CO2-equivalent column. Energy Imports 12,982.12 0.00 0.00 metric ton Energy Exports 0.00 0.00 0.00 - TOTAL INDIRECT 12,982.12 0.00 0.00 metric ton Certifier Name:Tetra Tech EM Inc. Basis of Certification Opinion: Certifier Comments: Based on the information gathered by TtEMI during the course of the certification of the City of Palo Alto’s GHG inventory submitted to the Registry through the online reporting too! CARROT (V 2.0), the City of Palo Alto inventory meets the reporting standards presented in the General Reporting (V2.1) and Power Utility(May 2006)Protocols. The City of Palo Alto and CPAU did an excellent review of their facilities to develop their inventory. They are to be commended. Commen~: Page i of 3 Annual Emissions Report Report 3/20/07 6:32 pm City of Palo Alto Information in this section is voluntarily provided by the participant for pubfic information, but is not required and thus, not certified under Registry protocols. Other Indirect Emissions ::; :0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL OPTIONAL ::: i i ~ill 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Emissions Efficiency metric: Emissions Hanagement The City of Palo Alto has two biogenic (non-fossil fuel) sources of Programs:greenhouse gas emissions: The City’s Public Work’s Department owns and operates a landfill. The landfill gas is flared with emissions of 5,853 metric tons of C02. Emissions from C02 leakage of landfill gas amounts to 428 tonnes CO2. The Regional Water Quality Control Plant was modified in 2005 to use the collected landfill gas as fuel for direct use in its wastewater sludge incinerator, estimated.to reduce CO2 emissions by 1,200 tonnes per year. The City’s Regional Water Quality Control Plant incinerates the sludge that is part of the water treatment process. The City of Palo Alto is only responsible for 35% of the input into RWQCP as it is a regional facility. Emissions for 2005 have been estimated at 16,690 metric tons CO2. Part of the City’s direct emissions came from the combustion of 46,667 gallons of B20 biodiesel fuel (20% biodiesel, 80% diesel). Emissions from pure biodiesel (20% of total B20 emissions) amount to 93 tonne~ CO2. These emissions are carbon-neutral, but they are included in the City’s total direct emissions. Emissions Reduction Projects: The City has endorsed the California Municipal Utilities Association Principles Addressing Greenhouse Gas Reduction Goals. 1. PaloAItoGreen (PAG) allows customers to pay extra on’their electricity bills in order to support the growth df renewable energy 2. SMART Energy Program Rebates for energy efficient appliances and items (including, but not limited to, refrigerators, dishwashers, and air conditioners) 3. PV Partners Program offering cash rebates for theinstallation of PV systems 4. Commercial Advantage Program offering financial incentives to businesses for installing state-of-the-art efficient equipment. Emissions Reduction Goals: These energy efficiency programs have saved 345 MWh and 44,982 therms in 2005. PaloAltoGreen (PAG) is a program that allows customers to voluntarily sign up to pay a little extra on their utility bills in order to buy RECs (97.5% wind and 2.5% solar) that offset purchased electricity from CPAU. Currently 14% of CPAU customers are enrolled and CPAU is planning to further expand PAG to 15% of the customer base. In 3une 2006, a wind energy supply contract replaced the wind RECs (Shiloh I Wind Project). In 2005 RECs for 30,600,755 kwh of wind and solar were purchased equivalent to offsetting 11,174 tonnes of CO2. The City has a Renewable Portfolio and is planning to increase City-wide percentage of electric utility supply coming from new renewable resources to 20% by 2015. The City is an active partipant in Sustainable Silicon Valley, a member of ICLEI’s Climate Protection Campaign, and has endorsed the US Mayors Climate Protection Agreement. Page 2 of 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annu~ Emissions Report Report 3/20/07 6:32 pm City of Palo Alto Title Author Publish Date FINAL PUP Report 2005 Karl Knapp 12/18/2006 12:00:00AM * HFCs and PFCs are classes of greenhouse gases that include many compounds. These columns may reflect the total emissions of multiple HFC and PFC compounds, each of which has a unique Global Warming Potential (GWP), Emissions of each gas are first multiplied by their respective GWP and then summed in fhm fnf~l ~C}9-en~ivml~nf r~qh imn Page 3 of 3 Appendix D 200S Annual Entity Emissions: Electric Power Generation/E~ectric Utility Sector City of Pale Alto Utilities 250 Hamilton Avenue Pale Alto, 94301 Website: www.cpau.co!~ Reporting Year:2005 0asefine Year (Direct Emissions):2005 0aseline Year (Indirect Emissions):2005 Reporting Scope:CA and U.S. Reporting Protocols: General Reporting Protocol Version 1.0 (October 2002) Power/Utility Reporting Protocol Version 1.0 (April 2005) Contact:Karl Knapp Title:Senior Resource Planner Tetephone~(650) 329-2309 Emaih kad.knapp@cttyofpaloalto,org Industw Type:Municipal Electric Utility NAIC Code:2211 - Electric Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution SIC Code:4931 - Electric and Other Services Combined Entity Descdptiom City of Pale Alto Utiiities (CPAU) is the only municipal utility in California that operates city-owned utility services that include electric, fiber optic, natural gas, water and wastewater services. Since 1896, CPAU has been providing quality services to the citizens and businesses of Pale Alto. CPAU provides electricity from a diverse mix of generation resources including large and smalt hydroelectric power, wind, and generic grid power. In addition, CPAU buys tradable Renewable Energy Credits that includes wind and solar electricity generation. POWER/UT~LTrY ENTITY EMISSIONS Comments: ’4obile combustion includes gasoline, diesel, and CNG vehicles, "Other On-Site Combustion" includes diesel and gasoline use by equipment. Comment~: T&D losses from wheeled power are from CPAU’s share of the COTP (California-Oregon Transmission Project) Line. T&D losses from purchased power are from generic power CPAU purchased from the grid, Owned Generation Total (Net)-205,760.20 MWh .0.00 Fossil Generation (Net)0.00 MWh 0.00 Blogenic Generation (Net). Geothermal Generation (Net)0.00 MWh 0,00 Other Renewable Generation (Net)".6,844.12 MWh 0.00 Zero Emission Generation (Net:}-198,916.08 MWh Cegeneration (Net).¯"-0.00 MWh Purchased Generation Tara (Net}790,331.00 MWh Purchased Fossil Generation (Net) Purchased Biogenic Generation (Net) Purchased Geothermal Generation (Net) Purchased Other Renewable Generation (Net) Purchased Zero Emission Generatior (Net) Purchased Cogeneration (Net) Purchased Wholesale Power (Net) TOTAL FOSSIL GENERAT!ON/PURCHASE~ TOTAL FROM BIOGENIC/GEOTHERMAL SOURCES TOTAL OTHER GENERATION/PURCHASES TOTAL FROM ALL GENERATION SOURCES 0,00 IViWh 0.00 MWh 0.00 MWh 55,834.36 MWh 332.145,04MWh 0,00 HWh 397,351,60MWh 0.00 MWh 0,00 MWh 996,091,20 HWh 996~091,20 HWh 0.00 0.00 145r006,97 0.00 O.OD 0,00 0.00 0,00 0.00 145,006.97 0.00 145,006,97 145r006,97 metric tons metric tons metric tons metric tons metric tons metric tons metric tons metric tons metric tons metric tons metric tons metric tons metric tons metric tons metric tons metric tons metric tons metric tons metric tons TOTAL FROM RETAIL SALES 0,00 MWh 0.00 metric tons Note: C02 from Biogenic and Geothermal sources (Indicated in green) are not included in entlty’s total C02, nor used to calculate efficiency metrics, Comments: Owned Renewable Generation consists of 5mall Hydro, Owned Zero Emission Generation consists of Large Hydro. Purchased Renewable Generation consists of purchased Small Hydro and Wind Power. Purchased Zero Emission Generation consists of Large Hydro, Purchased Wholesale Power consists of the California Genedc Power Nix, Pale Alto FINAL PUP Report 1 Dec 18, 2006 Appendix D Stationary Combustion 0.O0 MWh 0,00 0.00 0,0[0,00 metrictons Mobile Combustion O,0O gallons D.DO 0.00 0.00 0.00 metrictons Process EmIss{ons D.00 tons D.O0 O.00 0.00 0.00 metric tons TOTAL OTHER BIOGENIC EMISSIONS 0,00 0.00 0.0O 0,00 metric tons Comments:CPAU does not operate equipment with Biogenic Emissions sources, Electridb/ Deliveries:32034 Ibs CO~JMWh delivered (includes C02 from owned and purcnased generation) Net Generation’.0.00 [bs C02/MWh net owned generation (fossil, hydroelectric, nuclear, solar, Net Fossil Generatiom N!A Ibs COz/MWh net owned Fossil generation only Note: Electric utility e#]ciency metrics are calculated using CO~ emissions from stationary combustion for purposes of electricfIy generation. C02 emissions from Biogenic or Geothermal generation sources are not included; however MWH from Biogenlc and all other generation sources are included. Combustion sources related to any natural gas operations are not Included. Comments: Emissions reoorted in this section are estimated, these estimates are reviewed by the Certifier and found to be less than 5% of the total entity emissions, TOTAL DE MINIMIS EMISSIONS ....0.00 0.00 0,00 0.00 O.OO 0,00 0,0O metric tons Information in this section.ts voluntsrlly provided by the participant for public information, but is no:required, and thus,.notcertifiedunderRegistryprotocols ~ "~ ~. ’~:~: ’:’" :-’/-.~-i,::;: ;i:i:’-. ~-.:..~’~ ::-- --~;-" -: ~ ":-~i"- :: =~’:: :~:;,::-’~U .=’. ,i; " 1; Fulfill subscriptions by PaloAItoGreer~ (~ Parties Notified of Tr~)~ : :,;:::i:: ::.: : "-:: : :. :. :~:i (: " [contract(theShilohIWlndProject) replacedthewindRECs.::."~’,,. ~;:;’; ~.; i. : ~: ,.. c~sh rebates’Fo~ the.~ns£allatim but not limlted b: Pale Alto FINAL PUP Report 2 Dec 18, 2006 Appendix E.City of Palo Alto Utilities 2006 Residential Customer Survey Report of Findings Excerpts Relevant to Climate Protection For additional detail see Utilities Advisory Commission Report April 4, 2007 Introduction This report summarizes and highlights the City of Palo Alto Utilities’ (CPAU) 2006 survey among residential customers. This is the third time CPAU has conducted this survey, with its initial benchmark study first done in 2002, also in conjunction with the CMUA Statewide Survey of Residential Customers. This survey is an oversample of CMUA’s 2006 Statewide Survey of Residential Customers Served by California Municipal Utilities covering electricity. Interviews for both the CMUA statewide survey and the CPAU survey were conducted by telephone. The Statewide survey was conducted between October 27 and November 9, 2006 and interviewing on the CPAU oversample was done during the same time period. (A short additional series of questions was asked among those CPAU customers having recent contact, in a separate interview conducted in February 2007. Results generated by these questions can be found on page 10 of this report.) Both the Statewide and CPAU surveys were designed and implemented by RKS Research & Consulting. The City of Palo Alto oversample consists of 101 telephone interviews drawn from a sample provided by CPAU. The statewide CMUA survey is based on 601 telephone interviews conducted among residential customers throughout California. Interviews are distributed as follows: 501 interviews conducted among residential customers served by municipal utilities (300 in Southern California, 201 in Northern California) 100 interviews conducted among customers served by California investor-owned utilities The survey addresses residential customers’ attitudes and opinions on subjects ranging from electricity service and satisfaction (repeated from previous surveys) to such energy issues as global warming, green energy and public benefit programs. CPAU results are described and summarized in this report along with comparative results from the most recent CPAU survey conducted in 2004 (and which was based on a sample size of 151 telephone interviews). Updated results from the CMUA 2006 Statewide Survey, along with findings recorded for NCPA-member utilities as a group, are also included to provide an additional gauge for judging CPAU’s performance. All findings are weighted to assure accurate trending. 1 ©RKS Research & Consulting- All Rights Reserved, 2007. Appendix E.City of Palo Alto Utilities 2006 Residential Customer Survey Report of Findings Excerpts Relevant to Climate Protection Global ~¥arming Palo Alto customers are more familiar with the issue of global warming than municipal utility customers throughout the state. Some three-fifths of CPAU customers (61%) say they are very familiar with the issue, significantly above the number expressing this level of familiarity of customers of NCPA-member utilities (43%) and for municipal utilities statewide (48%). And over two-thirds of CPAU customers (70%) also express deep concern about the global warming issue - much higher than the statewide municipal utility average (60%) or the average among customers of NCPA members (48%). % Very familiar 61’48 43 45 Mean rating 7.7~6.6 6.5 7.0 % Very concerned 70^60 48 59 Me an rating 8.2T 7.3 6.3 7.1 $Significantly higher than NCPA and Total Muni at the 95% level of confidence ^Significantly higher than NCPA at the 95% level of colifidence Asked whether they think most scientists agree about global warming and climate change, about two out of three (68%) CPAU residential customers answer affirmatively that most scientists do agree. A much smaller proportion (24%) believes that scientists disagree while another 8% are not sure. These results are quite different from those for total municipal utility customers, where opinions were mixed -just 44% believed scientists agree, while 38% believed they disagree. About four in five Palo Alto customers also consider global warming and climate change more serious now than in the past. As the table below shows, this opinion among CPAU customers is more strongly held than among customers of municipal utilities statewide: More serious today 72 Less serious today 3 About the same as it was 21 20 18 Not sure 3 2 5 :: CPAU 2006 : 4 12’ 2 .Significantly lower than NCPA at the 95% level of confidence : NCPA2006:: IOU 2006 78 77 2 ©RKS Research & Consulting - All Rights Reserved, 200~. Appendix E.City of Palo Alto Utilities 2006 Residential Customer Survey Report of Findings Excerpts Relevant to Climate Protection V~hen asked directly about utility involvement in controlling greenhouse gas emissions, about half (49%) of CPAU residential customers believe their utility has been either very involved (26%) or fairly involved (23%). And, while only 6% think CPAU has not been involved, a plurality of 45% are not sure. Very involved 26^16 20 17 Fairly involved 23 32 17 24 Not too involved 5 9 15 7 Not at all involved 1 6 5 1 Not sure 45 38 42 51 ^Significantly higher than Total Muni at the 95% level of confidence As the previous table shows, the percent of CPAU customers who believe their utility is "very involved" (26%) is i0 points higher than the statewide municipal utility average, and is six points higher than the average among NCPA members. But what is also important for CPAU is that a plurality approaching one-half-45% - are not sure what it is doing. 3 ©RKS Research & Consulting - All Rights Reserved, 2007. Appendix E.City of Palo Alto Utilities 2006 Residential Customer Survey Report of Findings Excerpts Relevant to Climate Protection Summary and Conclusions The following are areas where CPAU customers in 2006 award their utility scores that, from a statistical standpoint, are significantly higher than municipal utility customers statewide: Familiarity with global warming and climate change issue (7.7 vs. 6.6) Concern about global warming and climate change (8.2 vs. 7.3) Belief that most scientists agree with one another about the global warming and climate change issues (68% vs. 45%) ¯Belief that utility is very involved in controlling green house gas emissions (26% vs. 16%) The results of this survey indicate that CPAU continues to have a solid relationship with its residential customers, even in spite of rising electricity and natural gas costs. What is particularly interesting is the finding - validated in the results - that CPAU customers are different from their counterparts at other municipal utilities throughout California. These I. differences are reflected in several places in this research: On the global warming/climate ~hange issue, CPAU customers are significantly more likely than other municipal ut~ty customers in California to be aware of the issue and to express concern about it. And, while CPAU customers are significantly more likely to believe their utility is actively involved in controlling greenhouse gas emissions, it is equally noteworthy that a plurality of nearly half (45%) are uncertain about what CPAU is doing in this area. I%KS concludes from these findings that CPAU customers have much higher expectations from CPAU on global warming and related issues than do other municipal utility customers around the state have from their utility. Overall, CPAU performs quite positively across all measures in this survey. A few findings that merit special highlighting include the following: CPAU residential customers appear to be much more informed about energy and environmental issues and more concerned about their seriousness than the typical California municipal customer. The energy crisis in California and global warming are very much on their minds. These customers are a prime target for continued programs centered on green energy and energy conservation, as evidenced by their high participation in CPAU’s green energy program. 4 ©RKS Research & Consulting - All Rights Reserved, 2007. Appendix F A Practical Look at Managing Climate Risk- A Municipal Utility Perspective Karl G. Van Orsdol, Energy Risk Manager Karl Knapp, Senior Resource Planner City of Palo Alto Palo Alto is... ¯Community of 60,000 in Silicon Valley. ¯It’s Utility (CPAU) provides electric, gas, wastewater and telecommunications. ¯CPAU is a Load Serving Entity with Electric load 80% industrial and commercial. o Peak load is 190 MW, annual energy is 1,000 GWh. ¯Moving away from carbon based generation sources through a variety of programs... Palo Alto is first EPA-ceRified Green Power Communi~ in Califomia Appendix F Palo Alto’s Supply Portfolio 1200 !-:::Current Projected .... 400 ~i)! !)i)2 ~~200600 2005 201~ n a no~a hydro year * 2005 Generic = California Mix We are focusing on how climate change will im act ourener risks Supply Risks - resource predictability Counterparty Risk- Credit Mitigation Strategy 2 Appendix F Developing a model of climate impacts: The energy risks of climate change: volatility in generation stability, loads, and transmission reliability. As a low lying city on the SF Bay, significant impacts on infrastructure are expected. .,o~. These risk will in turn affect the credit .... ~ rating and financial conditions of our. suppliers, ourselves as a LSE, and our customers. Because of these impacts, an array w~.~,~of risk mitigation is being implemented to manage financial risks and maintain competitive rates. ~ehySical changes in~ ather, Rainfall andIZer~r,t,.,~e J ,’We are developing a ,’Climate Action Plan and ~Carbon Neutrality Policy ,,’To mitigate the risk. How does climate change impact our energy risks ?? r~Physical Chang&’ in"] IV~/eather, Rainfall andISupply risk I 3 Appendix F Supply Risk: Climate Change Impacts on Supply Predictability, Availability and Risk Mitigation 1200 1000 GWh 800 600 400 200 0 2015 Forecast Supply Wet Dry Generation is closely correlated with total precipitation Average Annual Net Generation (Energy) ! 7,000 ~ 6,000 --- 5,000 --- 4,000 4--- 3,000 4--- 2,000 4--- 1,ooo 4--- ol Wet Above Normal Below Normal Dry Critical 8 4 Appendix F Supply Predictability will move from total precipitation to quality of precipitation Higher levels for snow line More mid winter rainfall events Less water stored as snow above reservoirs Greater conflicts in hydro management between flood control and power generation Insufficient storage for mid-winter rainfall Stable resource becoming unstable Inadequate Storage impacts generation CDWR Modeling Predicts: i Slightly higher likelihood of l~!)iii!!ii! dry or critically dry years. 10-20% decline in water 20- 40% decline in generation during peak June - September periods in California. Source: Western ~ea Power Administration, 2005.1 0 Appendix F Forecast of Climate Change Impacts on Generation Dry year generation is 70% of average Year generation (No change).~ Average Year ::~ ’: ?~: Generation = 507 GWH i Dry Year Generation = 304 GWh OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT Forecast of Climate Change Impacts on Generation Dry year generation Is 70% of average Year. 63% of generation Is in 4 months of May through August... when summer price surges. OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEP 12 6 Appendix F Forecast of Climate Change on Generation Dry year generation Is 50% of average Year. 63% of generation Is in 4 months of May through August... when summer price surges. Climate change effects could reduce generation during period of highest reliance on hydro power. OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR AFaR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT 13 Risk Profile of Hydro Generation under Climate Change Models $7 Model Hydro Risk with High se Price Volatility = $42 million $5 $2 $1 S- Jan Feb Mar Apt May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 14 7 Appendix F Impact on Palo Alto Financial Risks o Current Hydro Risk at $12 million per year. ¯ Under Model Scenarios, risks could increase to over $27 million per year. ¯Significant market price increases could bring this risk to over $40 million. ¯Heightening of Risk Exposure: shift from primarily precipitation rates to mix of precipitation rates and whether precipitation falls as rain or snow ¯Impact on rates from increased risk alone would be double current rates and/or require very large supply reserve stabilization fund. 15 How does climate change impact our energy risks ?? Counterparty risk ~Waather Rainfall andIL: "femperat"~e i :~J Appendix F Counterparty Credit Risks increase for renewable power Currently Palo Alto’s credit requirements for counterparties is BBB- or higher. Highest rated counterparties are carbon centric. We have implemented credit rating waiver for small green power providers. No industry accepted credit provisions in contracts.÷ Financial data on renewable power poor. No Forward Green Price Curve to mark renewable contracts to market. 17 Default Probabilities Higher for Renewable Energy and Financial Data Poorer Quality 9 Appendix F Integrating Climate Risk and Counterparty Risk ¯Decrease our dependence on weather related renewable power resources. -Geographic diversity in wind production, biomass, geothermal ¯Evaluating counterparty position on climate change as indicator of regulatory risk. ¯Fuel type and carbon intensity of operations as credit indicator. ¯Enhanced financial performance reporting of renewable power providers ¯Increasing default reserves for renewable power ¯Inclusion of environmental risk exposure into credit evaluations, S&P, Fitch, Moody’s. 19 How does climate change impact our energy risks ?? eather, Rainfall andI Mitigating climate risks. 10 Appendix F _ Mitigation We are seeking a comprehensive strategy to mitigate climate change risks: -Integrating climate risks into risk management practices -Pursuing "carbon neutrality" in energy by 2015 ¯Additional purchases of landfill and wind, ¯Purchasing credits for gas use. -Increased transmission investment to improve reliability -Integrate City-based decision making with Community groups to leverage actions and impacts. - Increase infrastructure funds for physical impacts. 21 11 Appendix G. Staff Response to GRTF Baseline Committee Recommendations GRTF recommendations listed below are followed by Staff’s responses in bold type: 1.Transportation information would be improved with more frequently updated Palo Alto specific data. Response: Staff highlighted the need for regional assessment and more frequently update information at he ABAC/MTC Joint Policy Committee Workshop held Feb 16, 2007. Staff will continue to endorse activities that wil! provide this much-needed information. 2.The committee did not address non-fossil fuel CO2 or other greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide, refrigerants, or sulfur hexafluoride. - (Include all GHG) Response: Staffwill start estimating and reporting additional greenhouse gases such as methane, nitrous oxide, sulfur hexafluoride, and PFC/HCFC’s in accordance with the CCAR requirements, which requires CO2 reporting only for the first three years and all six gases after three years. Staffwill be developing tools and methodology for collecting the necessary data in the mean time. 3. In developing targets, devise a method to measure and track progress. Response: Methods to track progress will be incorporated into a Climate Action Plan for the City, but have not yet been evaluated. 4. Measure progress against time, not against others. Response: Staff anticipates proposing targets relative to Palo Alto’s current and historic information. 5.There is no uniformly accepted baseline methodology for municipalities. (standard tool is needed). Response: Reporting protocols are being developed by agencies such as ICLEI and the California Climate Action Registry. As members of both organizations, the City is an active participant in stakeholder processes aimed at establishing these protocols. Page 1 of 1 Appendix H. Staff Response to GRTF Energy Committee Recommendations GRTF recommendations listed below are followed by Staff’s responses in bold type: EXECUTIVE S UMMAR Y RE C O MMENDA TIONS : A. Council direct or authorize staff to develop a climate action plan for the City utilities department with the goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2020. RESPONSE: Done. Council approved new LEAP Objectives and Guidelines, which includes developing a Climate Action Plan. B. City Council, Committees, Commissions, Boards, and City staff take these suggestions into account as they develop, review and implement initiatives and programs, and adopt new codes, standards and procedures applicable to energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. 1. Reduce electricity and natural gas use through conservation and energy efficiency. 2. Reduce carbon intensity of energy supply provided by CPAU. 3. Expand use of renewable energy installed or purchased directly by customers. 4. Participate in and promote greenhouse gas emissions inventory tracking and reporting. 5. Promote and implement climate-neutral alternatives and education. 6. Employ urban forest opportunities to reduce energy use and increase carbon sequestration. 7. Invest in GHG-reducing projects or offsets to balance remaining emissions. 8. Support Research and Development in GHG-reducing science and sociology. 9. Coordinate energy climate activities with building and urban planning activities. RESPONSE: Council Resolution joining ICLEI’s Cities for Climate Protection Campaign and Council as set Climate Protection as one of Four Council Top Priorities for 2007. DETAILED RECOMMENDATIONS: Campaign/Education/Motivation Community challenge or incentives to report gu’eenhouse gases with a recognized agency such as Sustainable Silicon Valley, California Climate Action regist~2¢, and/or other recognized national or international reporting groups. RESPONSE: Staff has not initiated such a challenge or incentives. The Palo Alto Chamber of Commerce has initiated a challenge through it’s "Palo Alto Business Goes Green" program. Page H-1 of 7 2.Acterra Cool Homes (a.k.a. Green@Home) program to install compact fluorescent lights (CFLs), low flow shower heads, programmable thermostats, water heater blankets, close lines, adjust water heater temp. and other energy efficiency measures. RESPONSE: Council approved utility public benefits funding for the Acterra program on April 2, 2007. 3.Electricity use and gas use displays in the home and business to encourage conservation, show energy, cost and environmental impacts. RESPONSE: Not yet evaluated. 4. Actively advertise available tax credits and incentives, RESPONSE: Federal solar tax credit and state tax information is available on the CPAU website at http://www.cpau.com/pro.~rams/pv-partners/pvindex.htm! and http://w~wc.cpau.com/programs/pv-partners/pvotherres.html. Staff expects to add information about energy efficiency tax credit information upon completion of the City website conversion project. 5. Sponsor a "carbon neutral" homes tour. RESPONSE: Not yet evaluated. This task may be a good candidate for public- private partnership or to coordinate with the Solar Homes tour. 6.Sponsor energy and the environment reference library section. RESPONSE: Not yet evaluated. Codes & Standards 7."Energy Budget": Reqiaire that homes above a certain size be designed to use energy no more than some size (e.g. 3,000 sq ft house) at Title 24 standards, and possibly something similar for businesses. 8.RECO for rental properties (Residential Energy Conservation Ordinance). 9.Require solar option on developments over 5 homes rather than 50. RESPONSE: Not yet evaluated. Ordinances and codes related to buildings require extensive technical and legal review. Staff emphasis in the near term is on incentives and procedures to facilitate rather than mandate achieving high- performance buildings. Energa/ Ef¢?cieney 10. Reduce electric and gas distribution system losses. Page H-2 of 7 RESPONSE: Recent engineering specifications for electric distribution transformers were updated in 2006 to better reflect energy savings from more efficient transformers. The proposed 10-year efficiency plan includes increased emphasis on efficiency both on the supply and demand side, which will facilitate reducing losses in the distribution system where they are feasible. 11. Join Energy Star Partnership - both City government and commercial businesses. 12. RESPONSE: Specifying Energy Star equipment is identified in the U.S. Mayor’s Agreement on Climate Protection. A multi-departmental staff team is working on developing recommendations for a potential Environmentally Preferred Purchasing Policy, wherein Energy Star specifications will be considered. Staff anticipates developing policy recommendations by the end of the calendar year. Recommission commercial and public facilities to ensure that efficiency measures already taken are working properly. RESPONSE: Recommissioning, or the practice of ensuring that energy efficient equipment is installed and adjusted properly, is one of the proposed focus areas for energy efficiency in the coming year. 13. LED holiday lights for University Avenue. RESPONSE: Not yet addressed. The project is estimated to save up to 10-20 tonnes CO2 per year, but more importantly could have a striking visibility and strategic impact if combined with educational information. 14. Increase use of clotheslines. RESPONSE: Not yet addressed. The Task Force estimated that natural gas use for residential laundry emits approximately 2,200 tonnes per year of CO2. 15. Install high-efficiency lighting and controls~ RESPONSE: Lighting is the number one electric end-use and has the highest potential for cost-effective energy efficiency reductions, lighting accounts for approximately 20% of the lifecycle electricity savings from last year’s energy efficiency programs. CPAU has numerous lighting efficiency incentive programs and educational materials. "Right Lights" provides turnkey lighting replacement and upgrade services for small businesses. Lighting will continue to be a very important element in electric efficiency programs, especially as new technologies such as dimmable fluorescent and advanced LEDs mature. 16. Add efficiency checklist as standard in planning and ARB reviews. Page H-3 of 7 RESPONSE: See Building Committee Section 17. Zero energy home incentives. RESPONSE: Not yet evaluated. Zero energy homes would still otherwise qualify under new construction and remodeling incentives and would automatically qualify for several LEED or Build-It Green points. 18.Building permit review "fast lane" for low-energy buildings and energy efficiency improvements. RESPONSE: See Building Committee Section 19.Build a zero-energy home and use for a B&B or Utility Director’s home! Maybe team with Sunset Magazine or other partner. RESPONSE: Not yet evaluated. 20.Expand City urban forest management/master plan to recognize energy savings and CO2 sequestration benefits. Ener~. .Pricing 21. Time of use rates that incorporate CO2 impacts. RESPONSE: Not yet evaluated. 22.Enhance tiered rate structures to encourage electricity and natural gas conservation - add extra retai! rate tier(s) to higl~est energy users. RESPONSE: Not yet evaluated. The proposed lO-year efficiency plan includes analysis of rate alternatives to encourage conservation and demand reduction. 23.Provide incentives for companies to purchase Palo Alto Green - inverse tiered rate structure -- the more you buy the cheaper it is per unit. RESPONSE: Not yet evaluated. Staff plans to evaluate alternative designs for enhancing PaloAltoGreen during the next 12 months. 24.Provide voluntary retail rate option to invest in offsets for natural gas use or climate neutral utility bills. Page H-4 of 7 RESPONSE: See offset discussion. Staff is investigating potential mechanisms to implementing this recommendation. In the mean time, customers can voluntarily purchase greenhouse gas offsets from third party providers. 25. Discount utility rates for Energy Star homes. RESPONSE: Not yet evaluated. Incentives to achieve outstanding building performance are in the works. The proposed 10-year efficiency plan includes analysis of rate alternatives to encourage conservation and demand reduction. 26. Special rates for electric vehicles. RESPONSE: Not yet evaluated. Special rates for specific uses exhibit unique enforcement and verification issues that must be addressed, and must also adhere to commodity pricing and other rate-making rules, regulations, and codes. 27.Increase tree canopy coverage for parking lots. Reduces fuel consumption for car air conditioners and heat island effect. RESPONSE: See Urban Forest Management Plan Section. 28.Reduce energy used for landscape maintenance, such as landscaping not requiring lawnmowers (no grass) or using goats instead of lawnmowers. RESPONSE: Not yet evaluated. Current lbw-water landscape guidelines encourage lower-maintenance landscaping and thereby indirectly support this recommendation. In 2006, RWQP successfully utilized goats to accomplish weed abatement. BAAQMD programs to encourage electric or manual mowers also support this idea. Energy. Supply 29. Meet all energy load growth with efficiency and renewable resources. RESPONSE: Revised LEAP Guidelines set efficiency as the highest priority resource with renewable resources second. Efficiency and renewable energy targets are consistent with the recommendation. 30.Deploy clean small-scale distributed generation, including incentives for local renewables .and low-net-GHG cogeneration. RESPONSE: Council approved guidelines for ultra-clean small-scale distribute generation and congregation incentive program "PLUG-In" that aims to foster up to 20 MW of very low net carbon emission high-reliability local power generation. 20 MW could meet up to 17% ofPalo Alto’s annual electric energy Page H-5 of 7 needs. The guidelines include bonus incentives for ultra high efficiency and low emissions. 31.Offer solar-type incentives and rebates for GHG reduction from energy use regardless of technology involved. RESPONSE: Not yet evaluated. 32."Sign up for Palo Alto Green - e.g. set goal to sign up 50% of load to be PaloAltoGreen. RESPONSE: Such ah high voluntary subscription rate may not be practical or feasible, given the increase in renewable energy targets to 33% by 2015 and the existing long-term contracts for hydroelectric power that provide 50% of annual electricity. Such a high participation rate would likely require reverting to purchasing Renewable Energy Credits or a change to mix other than 97:5% wind / 2.5% solar. The current goal is to achieve 20% customer participation and 5% of annual energy from PaloAltoGreen. 33. Support "Solar for schools" program. RESPONSE: Palo Alto supports solar energy at schools through, consultant services and rebates that are also available to any other commercial customer. Education materials and grants are also provided to spread the word about solar energy technology and economics. Solar programs going forward will have enhanced rebates for non-profit organizations, consistent with the California Solar Initiative and SB1, to provide incentives o par with those available to customers that qualify for federal tax credits. 34.Expand solar programs to install solar water, heating, hybrid lighting, and passive solar design. RESPONSE: The proposed 10-year energy efficiency plan sets targets for reduced energy use that includes renewed attention to non-electric solar energy resources. 35.Install 13 MW of Photovoltaics (Goal implied by Million Solar Roofs Legislation RESPONSE: The proposed budget incorporates a 400% increase in funding for solar photovoltaics, designed to keep pace with the goals of SB1. 36. Install solar hot water systems. Page H-6 of 7 RESPONSE: The proposed 10-year energy efficiency plan includes renewed attention to incentive for non-electric solar energy resources such as solar hot water. 37.Implement a "Solar Garden" (central PV with subscribers). A solar garden would enable customers without adequate solar resources On their own home or businesses to have solar energy delivered into the CPAU grid from collective action. RESPONSE: Not yet evaluated. 38. Solar heating for all City and PAUSD pools. RESPONSE: Not yet evaluated. The proposed 10-year energy efficiency plan includes renewed attention to incentive for non-electric solar energy resources such as solar heating for pools. 39.Enhance utilities’ "Right Tree in the Right Place" program expanded to accommodate solar access for PV and hot water. RESPONSE: See Urban Forest Management Plan Section. Other 40.Utilities purchase GHG offsets equal to the residual GHG content of utilities energy supply offsets (natural gas and electricity). RESPONSE: Offsets, credits, and projects will require additional due diligence to ensure the quality. 41.Individuals and companies purchase GHG offsets equal to the GHG content of utilities energy supply offsets (voluntary). RESPONSE: Individuals and companies can currently purchase offsets from a number of sources. 42.Establish a Green Tech Center to facilitate the commercialization of new technologies. RESPONSE: Staff has begun discussions with some of Stanford University’s energy efficiency an sustainability research institutes, but have not evaluated the ’Green .Tech Incubator" concept. See Green Incubator Concept section of main report. 43.Design for LEED/Green Points for new city buildings. RESPONSE: See Building Committee Section. Page H-7 of 7 Appendix I. Staff Response to GRTF Building Committee Recommendations GRTF recommendations listed below are followed by Staff’s responses in bold type: Green t~uilding and Planning 1. Encourage transit-oriented development Response: The PTOD code was adopted by Council in 2006: 2. Promote biking and walking. o Response: Existing codes require showers and bike parking, and the ARB reviews on site circulation for projects subject to ARB review. Implement bike circulation and bike parking in all areas, and increase communication of bike routes and amenities. Response: Bike parking required per code (PANIC 18.83). Transportation committee responses address this. 4.Encourage outdoor seating and pedestrian access at commercial areas such as University Avenue and California Avenue, similar the City of Mountain View’s approach. o Response: University and California Avenues have such seating; Cal Ave improvements under review. Provide green building planning and building review advice and education by hiring new, training existing staff or using consultant time. Response: Staff is receiving incremental training without structured/targeted training. No consultant has been hired nor are there plans to do so. Planning staff is exploring options with Utilities to use their funding for outside consultants that would facilitate achieving energy efficiency and climate protection goals of utility programs. 6.Require senior building officials to be LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) accredited and BIG (Build it Green) certified. Response: Chief Building Official is preparing to become trained as a LEED reviewer. One Planner on staff is already BIG certified and represents the department at BIG regional meetings. One ARB member is LEED accredited. 7.Provide green educational materials at plarming and building department. Some examples might include Building Resource guides; Information on Green lenders; Page I-1 of 5 Energy Star and water-wise incentives; Information on nonprofit benefits, e.g., tax deduction for donation of building materials deconstructed for reuse rather than demolition; Information on tax credits for energy-efficient and green building projects. Response: Green Building kiosk is in place at DC and the website provides green educational materials and links/contacts to green building websites. No info on lenders, tax credits or deductions is being distributed. See Energy Section regarding Tax Credits. 8.Require LEED points list to be printed on nonresidential permit drawings, and require an escalating number of points be met over a period of years. Response: On 2/15/07, the ARB recommended policy and text for Council adoption. Staff’s plan is to require a LEED or similar checklist but "ease in" to green building requirement for construction due to legal issues. Incentives to encourage green building are being explored jointly with the Utilities Department. Require BIG points list to be printed on residential permit drawings, and require an escalating number of points be met over a period of years. Response: With Council adoption of zoning text recommended by ARB, staff can require tract projects going through ARB review to submit BIG checklists for ARB review and with building permit submittal. The first step is requiring the submittal of the checklist. Unless set by Council, no policy is in place mandating a set number of points required and no escalation of points has been proposed. No plan is in place to require a checklist for SFR going through lesser discretionary processes; however, upon establishment of a Council sustainability policy, the text change would allow staffwill require the BIG checklist to be submitted for all discretionary residential reviews (such as IR, HIE, Variance). 10.Provide incentives or recognition for incorporating green building elements in both residential and nonresidential buildings. Response: No formalized incentives exist to date. The City has a recognition program in the form of the ARB Design Awards program that is now set to occur every five years, awarding built projects that went through the ARB for their achievement in innovation that includes sustainability criteria. No recognition program exists for residential buildings not subject to ARB review. 11.Offer expedited reviews or lower costs for green energy projects¯ Examples of eligible projects might include: ¯Projects that exceed Title 24 guidelines by at least 15 percent. ¯Projects that incorporate radiant barriers for all new and re-roofing. Page I-2 of 5 Response: The City has outside plan check as an option now, paid for by the applicant, for expedited review. Lowering costs has not been studied to date. 12.Allow specific exemptions to building guidelines when green elements are applied. For example, provide floor-area ratio allowances in cases where walls are built extra thick for energy efficiency. Likewise, allow some flexibility in setbacks to allow solar building orientation. Response: This has not been studied to date. 13.Establish special considerations for green building/high-performance building projects. In a vein similar to HIE (Home Improvement Exemption), consider creating a "Green Improvement Exemption" (GIE). Response: This has not been studied to date. 14.Build or establish more traffic reducing housing (TRH) in Palo Alto. For example, when selling or renting new apartments, condos, and town homes, select residents who commit to owning fewer cars and driving less. Response: This has not been studied to date. 15.Increase incentives for traffic-reducing commercial. For example, offer stipends for employees that live within a short distance of their work. Response: This has not been studied to date. 16.Create more residential density downtown, near train stations, and at public transit corridors (e.g., E1 Camino Real). Response: This is a goal. There are several private development projects that have come through in recent years and more in pre-application status now. 17.Reduce parking space requirements for well-located, high-density residential developments. Response: Code allows adjustment by Director to parking requirements, so parking spaces may be reduced if near transit, mix of uses on site, TDM program, etc. Energy 18.Provide incentives to encourage businesses and residents to invest in efficiency and renewables; and explore requiring energy upgrades (e.g., installation of solar hot water) when a property changes hands or undergoes significant improvement). Page I-3 of 5 Response: The Development Center distributes Build It Green (BIG) handouts and the Development Center website contains information on sustainability and what is expected for ARB review. Planning staff is working with Utilities staff on possible incentive programs, and exploring legal issues and options for requiring green building. CPAU offers several energy efficiency and renewable energy incentive programs - see Energy Committee Section. 19.Create a fund for energy efficiency consultants to address the needs of both large and small clients. Response: CPAU offers energy auditing and consulting services for all customers. Residential customers can use a simple-to-use on-line energy audit, and commercial customers can utilize the CARE program. Acterra’s Green@Home program provides similar services for Palo Alto Residents, which also includes evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles. 20. Encourage renewable power, such as photovoltaics. Response: The ARB generally encourages PV use in new construction, and has asked applicants to supply cost-benefit analyses of PV systems for their review. CPAU offers rebates as well as technical information to encourage the use of photovoltaics in new and existing buildings. 21.Encourage energy-efficient water heating solutions, such as tankless and solar water heating. Response: The kiosk and website links are provided for customer education. There is no formal program for this at the Development Center. CPAU offers rebates for tankless water heaters and high efficiency water heaters. The utilities proposed 10-year energy efficiency plan includes renewed attention to incentive for non-electric solar energy resources such as solar hot water. 22.Explore a residential energy consumption ordinance (RECO) similar to that in effect in the city of Berkeley, which requires an energy upgrade when a property changes hands or undergoes significant improvement. Response: This has not been studied to date. 23. Use trees to save energy. 24. Implement trees planted optimally for building shading Response: New ordinance effective 3/8/07 is designed to reduce the heat island effect, requiring more trees to increase shade requirements and encouraging rooftop gardens as mitigation. A landscape technical manual is to be developed Page I-4 of 5 within the next two years. PAU has joined American Public Power Association’s Tree Power program, which will encourage and provide incentives for planting and locating trees that save energy, while addressing "Right Tree in the Right Place" objectives of reducing interference with power lines as well as underground and substation equipment. 25.Increase ratio of trees to spaces in parking areas and in paved areas to prevent heat islands. Response: Ordinance adopted by Council effective as of March 8, 2007 intended to increase shade on parking areas will be applied to development projects submitted after that date. 26. Encourage or require water efficiency and aquifer replenishment. Response: Water efficiency has been encouraged via the ARB process with existing green building guidelines. New ordinance effective 3/8/07 addresses development requirements for storm water management and streamside corridor protection. Regional Water Quality District addresses aquifer replenishment. CPAU offers several water conservation programs and reviews permit applications to ensure compliance with landscape irrigation requirements. 27.Implement water efficiency. Examples might include Xeriscaping, weather linked irrigation controllers, native plantings. Response: ARB Findings allow ARB to ask for such, and Utilities Marketing requirements include a water use checklist and water-efficient landscaping for ARB projects. CPAU offers several water conservation programs and reviews permit applications to ensure compliance with landscape irrigation requirements. 28.Encourage aquifer replenishment. For example, require use of pervious concrete for paved areas or rainwater catchment. Response: Permeable surfaces are encouraged, required per CC3 regulations enforced by Public Works Engineering in their review of projects; SFR front yards have limited impervious paving per code; Regional Water Quality District addresses aquifer replenishment. Page I-5 of 5 Appendix J. Staff Response to GRTF Transportation Committee Recommendations GRTF recommendations listed below are followed by Staff’s responses in bold type: EXECUTIVE S UMMAR Y RE COMMENDATIONS: 1.Promote alternative fuels, with the City leading the way in purchasing fuel- efficient vehicles. 2.Facilitate increased biking and walking. 3.Increase mass transit availability. 4.Encourage electronic alternatives to travel. 5.Reduce emissions from school commuting. 6.Use parking incentives to encourage less driving. 7.Consider having the City offset its emissions, and encourage businesses and residents to do the same. RESPONSE: See the Vehicle Fleet & Fuels, Transportation Programs, and Offsets sections of the main report. DETAILED RECOMMENDATIONS: Bike & Walk GOAL: Get more car drivers biking and walking to their destination or to mass transit. Increase bike carriage on mass transit. 1. Increase bike parking at mass transit stations. Usage data on bike carriers on VTA buses might reveal further areas where small investments could increase demand. 2. Increase bike parldng at mass transit stations. Secure bike storage at transit points can also encourage mass transit use. 3.Create more bike boulevards and other bike friendly improvements. 4.Create pedestrian retail zones with enhanced transit, biking & walking access. See also the "Green Parking Policies" section. 5. CPA should integrate planning for bike and pedestrian friendly crossings at all future street improvement, repaying projects. A request process should formally take public input in this specific area. Tactics include: a. more stoplights sensitive to bikes b. single car lane through-fares with wide bike paths (e.g. Charleston) c. pedestrian & bike only street sections in retail areas. 6. Better bike parking downtown and at businesses 7. over/underpasses to create bike/walk short cuts across otherwise impassible streets/rail lines to transit or other popular destinations 8. CPA can focus more effort on improving bike and pedestrian access and bike carriers on VTA, CalTrain, and BART points within Palo Alto. 9. Require showers at all businesses. Local businesses that generate significant parking demand should make such facilities available to their employees, directly or through health clubs, etc. Page J-1 of 6 10.CPA Website should provide information about cycling options within and around the city. It should also support other websites dedicated to addressing the topic such as the bicycling section of 511.org 11.Create pedestrian (i.e. automobile free) retail zones with enhanced transit, biking & walking access. (was in Green Parking Policies Section) 12. More and better walking paths to schools 13. Provide covered and secured bike parking at all schools RESPONSE: See Transportation Programs section of the main r~port. Mass Transit GOAL: Improve both local and regional mass transit options and functionality. 1. Expand Palo Alto shuttle service, with more routes and greater frequency. 2. Improve system interconnectivity with Caltrain, so that buses and shuttles are synchronized with arriving and departing trains. 3. Require local employers to offer financial incentives for taking public transit. 4. Make VTA buses free within Palo Alto or encourage distribution of bus passes by local employers. 5. Sync up existing transit, traffic, and weather systems into city sponsored info service. 6. Investigate the deployment of an innovative bus based transit solution designed for low density communities. 7. Improve both local and regional mass transit options and functionality. 8. Increase mass transit availability. RESPONSE: See Transportation Programs section of the main report. eTraveI GOAL: Reduce carbon emissions from vehicles and passenger planes through the increased use of high speed web access and ultimately "live like" video conferencing as an alternative to commuting and traveling. 1. Facilitate high speed reliable broadband access to homes and businesses .2. Partner with hotels to support videoconferencing in hotel conference rooms 3. Include videoconferencing capabilities in libraries 4. Create telecommuting incentives for companies 5. Encourage public private cooperation in building web conferencing facilities for small and home based business and residential market. 6. Collect videoconferencing best practices for setup and operations 7. Consider building or zoning incentives for business who build web conferencing facilities for their employees, other business and the public. 8. Offer carbon offsets to employers and individuals who use web conferencing. 9. Explore efficacy of block purchases of unused web conferencing time from existing web conferencing facilities by public/private cooperatives. 10. Make telecommuting a Green Biz Certification requirement. Page J-2 of 6 11.Reduce carbon emissions from vehicles and passenger planes. 12.Encourage electronic alternatives to travel. 13.Promote EPA’s Best Workplaces for Commuters program. RESPONSE: See eTravel section of main report. School Commute GOAL: Reduce emissions from school commuting by reducing the number of cars driving kids to schoo! and make Palo Alto a leader in safe, healthy, and green school commute options. 1. Develop more busing programs. 2. City sponsored shuttles (e.g. Go Fast bus for Gunn), VTA, or PAUSD busing solutions for high traffic routes. 3. Consider parent user fees to fund useful solutions. 4. The City needs to track more data in this area. (school commute) 5. Support the local Safe Routes to School priorities and programs. This program has shown success by increasing biking, walking, and busing and mostly through grass roots efforts. Volunteers at each school promote commute alternatives and work with the district and City for positive change. This program addresses all modes such as Walking and Biking, Busing, & Carpooling 6. This group has a network in place and can help guide increased efforts to measure and improve the major school commute corridors like the successful Charleston / Arastradero redevelopment. 7. The district should be encouraged to adopt goals and measures for CO2 reductions from school commuting. Academic "Choice" programs that require cross town commuting. The existing City/School/Parent forums could work to address these (school emissions) concerns with the help of stronger leadership on the city side. 8. More and better walking paths to schools 9. Facilitate cal~ooling through coordinated programs 10. Empower school commute coordinators 11. Promote environmental awareness and change in schools 12. Provide covered and secured bike parking at all schools 13. Provide transit surge capacity on days of inclement weather 14. Create endowment for school bus shuttles 15. Adjust and coordinate Schoo! start and end times. RESPONSE: See Transportation Programs section of the main report. Parking GOAL: Encourage people to drive lessby modifying parking policies. 1. Expand parking benefits for green vehicles. 2. Create pedestrian retail zones with enhanced transit, biking & walking access. Page J-3 of 6 3.Reduce parking requirements for successful telecommute programs. (also under Electronic Travel) 4.Bring parking charges to offices in Palo Alto This would have a big impact but requires Palo Alto to pioneer a parking charges policy for other cities to follow. 5. Encourage offices to implement parking cash-out programs. Parking cash-out is where employer gives alternative commuter the value of the freed up parking space. A parking district could lease the freed up space from employer for more retail/restaurant parking or auto dealer car storage etc. 6. Create more free green vehicle spaces. 7. REALLY compact car parking (’Smart’ Car, electric cars) 8. Free vanpool parking in downtown lots 9. Free, secured parking for scooters, bikes 10. More parking meters in downtown, in parking lots 1 !. Make train accessible/high traffic streets more expensive to park on (except for those driving to train station to use train) 12. Permit parking for residents on residential streets near downtown and limited 2 hr parking for the rest. 13. Extend parking times for green vehicles. 14. Provide electric outlets and free charging. 15. Discourage unsuccessful Transport Demand Management programs. (with parking policies) 16. Enable use of Alma/High Garage (Word Garage) as Caltrain parking lot overflow by installing a Day Pass vending machine. RESPONSE: See Transportation Programs section of the main report. Promote Alternath~e Fuels GOAL: Improve the efficiency and lower emissions from vehicles in the City and the general public. 1. City leading the way in purchasing fuel-efficient vehicles. (alternative fuel vehicles implied) 2. Enhance the City’s ability to promote alternative fuels within the City. 3.Create incentives for bio-fuels infrastructure 4.Create first bay area biofuels gas station in PA 5.Endorse proposed feebate programs for vehicles based on emissions 6.Time of Use electric metering for electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles 7.Increase low electric rate limit for those with electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles 8.Partner with the Post Office to partially fund or fuel alternative fuel or hybrid or electric postal vehicles 9. Join with Plug-in Partners. The City should promise to purchase of a fleet of plug-in hybrid vehicles once an automaker begins producing such cars commercially. RESPONSE: See Energy response for electric rates, and Vehicles & Fuels section of main report. Biofuels infrastructure has not yet been investigated. Page J-4 of 6 Buy Local GOAL: Reduce commercial transport emissions by encouraging local purchasing. 1. Palo Alto City website that educates Palo Altans on emissions from long distance transport and encourages citizens to buy locally produced goods and locally grown produce. Educate on the positive climate benefits of patronizing local farmer’s markets, which sell local food by definition. 2. Integrate website with a public awareness campaign: "Buy Local". 3. Encourage grocers to work farmers produce in next to their regular supply of "factory" produce. 4. Encourage grocers to work farmers produce in next to their regular supply of "factory" produce. 5. Encourage consumers to favor vegetables over meat and unprocessed food over processed food. 6.Create "Grow you own" campaign and build on the recycling center’s "Give an Experience for Christmas". 7. Combine efforts to create local buying options with neighboring cities 8. Encourage less packaging to reduce deliveries. 9. Encourage consumers to buy produce "in season". RESPONSE: These are largely communications and education activities, and will be addressed after completing transition to the new City website structure. GOAL: 1. 2. After reductions, offset emissions from the remaining driving on fossil fuel. Purchase carbon credits to offset City owned fleet vehicle emissions Provide incentives to cause businesses to offset carbon emissions in vehicles and travel in general. 3. Encourage businesses and individuals to purchase carbon offsets when they buy air travel either directly through travel websites or offset firms. 4. Offer carbon offset option at PA gas pumps used to subsidize e-cars. 5. Encourage carbon offset groups and airline Frequent Flyer miles programs to develop "use your miles to buy offsets" program. 6. Consider having the City offset its emissions. 7. Use parking meter revenues to offset carbon emissions. RESPONSE: See Offsets discussion section in main report. ]nvento~;v & Tools 1.Run census on home-based businesses. 2.The City needs to track more data in this area. (school commute). 3.The reducing emission website should include a carbon calculator and make it available on the web. Page J-5 of 6 4. Add a household transportation related carbon emissions survey to the website. 5. Educate the public on transport emissions. RESPONSE: See Baseline and Education responses and Web/Communications section of main report. Lobbying and Legislative Priorities GOAL: Encourage State and Federal legislation in topic areas that would decrease Transportation’s contribution to net GHG emissions. 1. Lobby at all levels for increased (carbon) tax on fuel for auto, air, and sea transportation. 2. Lobby for increased bike carriage on mass transit 3. Lobby to change State purchasing policy to factor in clean energy/efficiency with special attention to clean energy vehicle procurement 4. Lobby to create incentives bio-fuels infrastructure. 5. Endorse proposed fee-bate programs for vehicles based on emissions. 6. Sponsor a tax non-recyclable packaging. 7. Lobby for multi-modal passes and/or tickets that work across transit Systems. One implementation of this could be based on the use of personal transponders (similar to FasTrak system used at Bay Area toll plazas). 8. Lobby for a statewide Bullet train system that would connect the major metropolitan areas. 9. Lobby for extending BART down the Peninsula and also providing a line across the bay at the Dumbarton bridge instead of the proposed rail line. 10. Lobby to increase the frequency of Caltrain express trains. 11. Lobby for grade separations for Caltrain (to facilitate increase in Caltrain frequency, Bullet Trains, and cross bicycling and walking). 12. Work to build carbon offset option into DMV vehicle license renewal. 13. Create gas tax to purchase carbon credits. RESPONSE: See Lobbying section of main report. Page J-6 of 6 Appendix K. Staff Response to GRTF Education Committee Recommendations GRTF recommendations listed below are followed by Staff’s responses in bold type: MISSION 1. Improve communication about "green" issues between nodes. Note: The GRTF identified the primalT "nodes" as City Government, Faith Community, Schools Community, Home & Neighborhood, Non-profits/Service Clubs, and Business Community. RESPONSE: The Environment will be a featured section of the City’s new website when the site is launched to the public in Spring 2007. This dominant focus on the environment within the home page of the City’s website will enable local citizens and businesses to easily find information about the City’s initiatives and accomplishments. City staff will need to commit time to be proactive in crafting and coordinating key messages to keep this area of the website interesting and newsworthy. It is recommended that an external website focusing on broader regional efforts, events and initiatives also be developed to communicate between nodes in order to compile external information and web links that cannot be maintained on the City’s website. 2. Identify common goals and reinforce them. Encourage synergy by sharing existing ideas and programs. RESPONSE: The City has formed an Environmental Stewardship Steering Committee in which key staff from various departments meet regularly to ¯ discuss common goals and synergies between environmental programs. 3. Create a "bandwagon effect" by making the message about our community’s response to global warming constantly reinforced and visible everywhere. Create a sense of moral imperative about this issue. RESPONSE: The new City website’s dominant focus on the environment will help educate the community about local climate change efforts implemented by the City. To achieve a "bandwagon effect," however, the City will need to work side by side with local environmental agencies, service organizations, neighborhood associations and business groups to gain broader momentum through consistent messaging and the establishment of specific community goals toachieve. Staff agrees with the overall mission as stated. Page K- 1 of 3 RECOMMENDATIONS Create a. b. Co eo synergy, not duplication, between new and existing green activities. Identify a lead organization within each node. Ask the lead organization for each node to determine what is already being done within its segment of the community. Create a computer database with information abut the various organizational actions. Encouraging each node to develop its own "greening" plan for its segment of the community. Encourage each segment of the community to adopt its own "green certification" program. RESPONSE:It is recommended that a lead organization, other than the City, develop and maintain a "green" website to focus on broader regional efforts, events and initiatives. Through a centralized information bank, regional programs and cumulative actions can be tracked, which in turn would enable agencies and the City to help get the word out about significant environmental achievements and milestones. Create a. b. C. d. e. f. g. an overall "PR Umbrella" for Palo Alto green action. Create a name, logo and branding for GRTF activities. Brand Palo Alto as the Green City. Permission to use PaloAltoGreen logo. Green column in the PA Weekly, daily news, on-line news sources. City Green web page. Create easy way to use green logo and tagline. Publicize need to reduce emissions with billboards, contest and workshops. RESPONSE: To be successful, the City will need to work side by side with local environmental agencies, service organizations, neighborhood associations and business groups to achieve this. The local media does not tend to highlight City successes or public relations efforts; these efforts are better lead by outside organizations. To leverage the work that’s already going on and integrate it with new green action, create a public/private partnership. a. Assign a part-time City staff person to this public/private partnership, b. Act as a "filter" for the findings of the other GRTF subcommittees (Baseline, Buildings, Education, Energy, Transportation, and Waste Reduction) which can be effectively communicated to the public. c. Educate and motivate all segments of the Palo Alto community to take quantifiable action to reduce carbon emissions. d. Identify and publicize the actions that people and organizations are now already doing about climate change. Page K-2 of 3 e.Using the recommendations of the GRTF, synthesize and design a community awareness program. f.Measure the results of this education/motivation program. g.Honor the accomplishments of the community on a yearly basis. RESPONSE: See Public-Private Partnership and Web Communications sections the main report. The City is currently reviewing its existing public/private partnership policy. Evaluation of a public-private partnership has been delayed because many of the key participants have been deeply involved with the Step It Up Silicon Valley Earth Week event. Staffwill revisit the possible role for such a partnership now that the event is over, and will need to also incorporate the possible interaction with the proposed Environmental Commission. The PaloAltoGreen program management staff prefers to limit the use of PaloAltoGreen to the City’s renewable energy program. Page K-3 of 3 ~om~tim~ ovon ~ For6ot~ D~mon~trato/our ~nvironmontal ~to~ard~hip b~ r~pondin6 to th~ Follo~in& call~ to action durin& Earth ~o~k 2007. U~ tho~ action~ a~ a ~prin&board For practicin& ~our ~nvironm~ntal commitmont throu6hout the yean ~bnl~y, April 14:~11 for sig~ific~l" redu~o.s i. ~rbo~ e~b~b~--Oo~e ~o S~ep I~ Op ~ilbo~ V~II~. Make your voic~ heard byjoini% u~ at a fun fami~ festival from I-5 pm at Mitchell Dark. Hear what local &overnment~, bu~ine~e~ and YOU TOO can do to addre~ climate chan6e. Live music by Nancy Ca~idy and other~] Infomation: <~Lepitup2OO7.or&> or call 650 815 5479. ~d~y, April 1~: ~k~ ~ ~o~me~ ~ i~r~e your e~ro~l #ew~r~hip. Make a persona! pled6e to take action durin& Earth Week 2007 and to commit to more ~u~tainable practice~ throu6hout theyear. Join Acterra <w~.acterra.or& > and other environmental or6anization~, ~uch a~ C~nopy <www.canopy.or~>, Environment California <www.environmen~california.ors> and ~ierra Club <~w.~ierraclub.ar&>. Bub~cribe to e-new~letter~ Dlane~rk <w~.planetark.com> and Gri~t <~w.~ri~Lor&>. Home li6htin& i~ the third lar6e~L contributor ofCOi, a 61ob~l ~armi% pollutant, from Dale Alto hom~. ~o chan6e ouLyour hi&h-u~e incandescent bulb~ to corn pact fluorescent lamp~ (CFL~), ~hich u~e at mo~t 1/~ of the ener&y of a ~tandard incandescent bulb~ and last up to 10 time~ Io%er. ~hat~ more, Dale Utilitie~ will be oFeri% a G~T promotion of 5 CF~ For @~ at participatin& ~Lore~!! ~aLch your mailbox for more detail ?~e~d~y. AKil 1~: ~ r~,~bl~--~i~ u~ for F~10 Air0 Dale Alto UtiliLie~ offer~ electricity From 1OO% renewable ~ind and ~olar ~ource~ at an additional co~t to you of 1.5¢ per kilowatbhour (k~h). Thi~ amount~ to le~ than @10 per month for the typical customer. Take part in buildin& the demand For a renewable ener6y future by purcha~i% 6reen power today. ~i&n up easy. Vi~it <~ww.cpau.com/pro6ram~/6reen> or call 650 ~29 2161. W~,~Y. A~ril 1~: ~1~ ~v~ the ~y--tr~e i~ yo~r ~er~ry tNrm0m~r for ~ fre~ ~i~I ~e~ident~ in Dale Alto, East Pa!o Alto, Lo~ Alto~, Lo~ Alto~ Hill~ and @tanford can brin& m~rcury thermometer~ to the De6ional ~ater ~alit] Control Plant at 250~ Embarcadero ~ay, 8-5 pro, Monday throu6h Friday. brin& your thermometer in a ~ealed plastic ba6. Vi~it <~.cleanbay.or&> for information and direcLion~ or call 650 ~29 2598. And discover the wealth of information on how Lo keep other pollution from your home out of the Bay at <www.cleanbay.ors>. Th~r~y~ AKil 1@: ~k~ y0~r ~0mm~te ~r~e.--W~lk, bike, ~r~001, b~ or $~k~ Sh~ fr~e ~y ~h~#i~, ~ work 0r Transportation account~ for more than half of Dale A!to~ CO2 emi~ion~. Da~en6er vehicle~ contribute a ~ub~tantial ~ha re. Commit to reducin& your 6!obal warmin6 pollution by choo~in& to drive le~ and walk, bike, bu~ or ~huttle morel For more information abou( the~e 6reener alt~rnaLiw~, vi~it <www.cityofpaloalto.or6/tran~po~ation> or call 650 329 2520. Paper and plastic ba&~ create air, land and water pollution when produced, transported and di~po~ed. Even recyclin& them con~ume~ energy and Brin& your own ba&~ when you ~hop. It~ a ~imple way Lo make a difference. Fyou don’t have a cloth ba& buy one at your local ~ore; o~en they offer a 5-10@ credit per ba&. Al~o, look and a~k for item~ that are &rown or produced Iocal~. The~e require le~ transportation than non-local 6ood~ and, a~ ~uch, have ~m~ller environmental impact. Information: call 650 496 5910. @ee Acterra~ calendar of event~ aL <ww~.acterra.or~calendar> For more information on whaL~ 6ain& on Lhrou6houL the Midpenin~ula. Con~ider volunteerin& to help re,Lore h~bitat aL the Ara~tradero Pre~erw. Volunteer~ meet at 9 am. For more information, ~ee <w~w.acterra.or&> or call 650 962 9876, exL ~11. @tartyour day with a ~unri~e ~ervice aL 6:15 am at bayfront Dark at the end ofMar~h ~oad in M~n!o Dark--an Earth Day tradition] In the aEernoon, enjoy a hike. The Midpenin~ula D~6ional Open ~pace District i~ oFeri% a ’%ildflower~ of Earth Day" hike aL 1 pm a~ well a~ other~ throu6hout the day. Takin& ~ hike ~ill put you that much clo~er to meetin~ Mayor Ki~himoLo~ challen6e to walk ~O,OOO ~tep~ per day. Purchase your pedometer at the Lucie @t~rn Community Center and ~Lart Io&&in& your ~Lep~. For more debil~ on hike Iocation~ and Lime~, vi~it <www.open~pace.or~activitim~> or call 650 69112OO. The council will di~cu~ environmental i~ue~, includin6 (I) a ~ummary of accompli~hmenL~ durin6 Earth ~/eek 2007 and (2) a report on {he recommendation~ the Green Dibbon Ta~k Force on Climate Drotection. eSupportyour City Council by comin& to the meetin& at 250 Hamilton Ave. Inf-ormaLion: Margaret eSuozzo, 650 815 5479 or marsareL~uozzo@&mail.com Appendix M. Glossary APPA ARB B4E BIG C&D CARE CCAR CH4 CHPS CMUA CNG CPAU CO2 DEED GHG GRTF HIE IR LEAP LEED LEED EB NAPEE MOU NCPA PAC PAUSD PFC/HCFC PG&E PHEV POTD POTW PV RKS RWQP SF6 SFPUC SFR SRC SSV SVLG TDM USGBC VLAN American Public Power Association Architectural Review Board Building for Excellence Program Built-It Green Construction & Demolition Consultant Assistance for Resource Efficiency California Climate Action Registry Methane Collaborati~ve for High Performance Schools California Municipal Utility Association Compressed Natural Gas City of Palo Alto Utilities Carbon Dioxide Demonstration of Energy Efficient Developments Greenhouse Gas Mayor’s Green Ribbon Task Force on Climate Protection Home Improvement Exception Individual Review Long-ten~a Electric Acquisition plan Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design LEED for Existing Buildings National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency Memorandum of Understanding. Northern California Power Agency Palo Alto Municipal Code Pa!o Alto Unified School District PerfluorocarbonsiHydrochlorofluorocarbons (refrigerants) Pacific Gas & Electric Company Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Pedestrian Transit Oriented Development Publicly-Owned Treatment Works Solar Photovoltaic Consulting Firm that conducted the CMUA/CPAU residential electric customer survey. Rocky Mountain Institute Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant Sulfur Hexafluoride San Francisco Public Utilities Commission ¯ Single Family Residence Science Resource Center Sustainable Silicon Valley Silicon Valley Leadership group Transportation Demand Management U.S. Green Building Council Virtual Local Area Network Page M-1 of i