HomeMy WebLinkAboutStaff Report 107-07City of Palo Alto
C ty Manager’s Report
TO:
ATTN:
HONORABLE CITY COUNCIL
FINANCE COMMITTEE
FROM:CITY MANAGER DEPARTMENT: UTILITIES
DATE:
SUBJECT:
JANUARY 17, 2007 CMR:107:07
UTILITIES ADVISORY COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION ON
CHANGES TO CERTAIN UTILITIES RESERVE GUIDELINES
RECOMMENDATION
Staff and the Utilities Advisory Commission (UAC) recommend that Council approve changes to
certain Utilities reserve fund guidelines. Specifically, staff and the UAC recommend that the
development of an assessment of the risks facing each fund be undertaken as part of the annual
budget and retail rate development and approval process. This annual assessment will be
compared to the established guideline levels to assist in the determination of the Rate
Stabilization Reserve level target for each fiscal year.
Additionally, minor changes to the guidelines of the following Utilities Fund Reserves are
recommended are noted below:
For the Electric, Gas, Water and Wastewater Collection Emergency Plant Replacement
Reserves, establish a minimum guideline level equal to the greater of: 1) the City’s
liability insurance coverage deductible or 2) the amount that covers the most expensive
item of equipment which, if lost, would cause interruption in the normal activity of that
utility;
2.For the Electric Supply Rate Stabilization Reserve, change the minimum and maximum
guideline levels equal to 50% and 100% of the annual supply purchase cost, respectively;
For the Gas Supply Rate Stabilization Reserve, change the minimum and maximum
guideline levels equal to 35% and 75% of the annual supply purchase cost, respectively;
and
CMR:107:07 Page 1 of 3
For the Electric Distribution, Gas Distribution, Water and Wastewater Collection Rate
Stabilization Reserves, change the minimum and maximum guideline levels equal to 20%
and 50% of the annual sales revenue, respectively;
The table below summarizes the proposed changes to the Emergency Plant Replacement (EPR)
and Rate Stabilization Reserve (RSR) guidelines.
Electric, Gas,
Water and
Wastewater
Collection EPRs
Electric Supply
RSR
Gas Supply RSR
Electric
Distribution RSR
No minimum (maximum, as stated
in the City Charter, is = 5% of the
book value of the fund’s capital in
service)
.Maximum = 103% of purchase cost
Minimum = half of maximum
Maximum = 75% of purchase cost
Minimum = half of maximum
Maximum = 38% of sales revenue
Minimum = half of maximum
Gas Distribution Maximum = 40% of sales revenue
RSR Minimum = half of maximum
Water RSR
Wastewater
Collection RSR
All RSRs
Maximum = twice the minimum
Minimum = sum of: 1) 15% of
sales revenue; plus 2) sales revenue
decline due to abnormal weather
Maximum = twice the minimum
Minimum = sum of: 1) 15% of
sales revenue; plus 2) sales revenue
decline due to abnormal weather
Target = midpoint between
minimum and maximum
Minimum = greater of: 1) the City’s
liability insurance coverage
deductible or 2) an amount covering
the most expensive critical item
Maximum = 100% of purchase cost
Minimum -- 50% of purchase cost
Maximum = 75% of purchase cost
Minimum = 35% of purchase cost
Maximum = 50% of sales revenue
Minimum = 20% of sales revenue
Maximum -- 50% of sales revenue
Minimum -- 20% of sales revenue
Maximum = 50% of sales revenue
Minimum -- 20% of sales revenue
Maximum = 50% of sales revenue
Minimum = 20% of sales revenue
Target to be established following an
annual evaluation of risks to each
fund as part of budget preparation
BACKGROUND
On September 19, 2006, the Council Finance Committee directed staff to work with the Utilities
Advisory Commission (UAC) to develop recommendations for changes to the policies,
guidelines, or purposes of the following Utilities Fund Reserves [CMR:358:06]:
1. Emergency Plant Replacement Reserve for the Water, Electric, Gas, and Wastewater
CMR:107:07 Page 2 of 3
Collection Funds;
2. Supply Rate Stabilization Reserve for the Electric and Gas Funds;
3. Distribution Rate Stabilization Reserve for the Electric and Gas Funds; and
4. Rate Stabilization Reserve for the Water and Wastewater Collection Funds.
The attached memorandum to the UAC contains staff’s recommendations for the selected
reserves and the rationale for the development of the recommendations, which were presented to
the UAC at its December 6, 2006 meeting.
COMMITTEE REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS
At its December 6, 2006 meeting, the UAC considered staff’s recommendations on changes to
the Utilities Reserves Policies and Guidelines. After discussion, Commissioner Dawes made a
motion to accept staff’ s recommendation with the proviso that, for the rate stabilization reserves,
if the target balance resulting from the risk assessment is below the minimum guideline level,
that appropriately conservative risk assumptions should be used. This motion died for the lack of
a second. After further discussion, the UAC unanimously approved staff’s recommendations.
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
Approval of the recommended changes to the Utilities reserves does not constitute a project that
would require environmental review.
NEXT STEPS
If the recommendations are approved, staff will provide the annual risk assessment for each fund
and make ,recommendations regarding the reserve levels for each reserve fund during the budget
and retail rate development process as described in the report to the UAC.
ATTACHMENTS
1. Report to the UAC for its December 6, 2006 meeting: Changes
Reserve Guidelines
2.Excerpt of December 6, 2006 Utilities Advisory Commission notes
PREPARED BY:
to Certain Utilities
DEPARTMENT HEAD:
CITY MANAGER APPROVAL:
City Manager
CMR:107:07 Page 3 of 3
ATTACHMENT 1
TO:
MEMORANDUM
UTILITIES ADVISORY COMMISSION
4
FROM:UTILITIES DEPARTMENT
DATE:
SUBJECT:
DECEMBER 6, 2006
CHANGES TO CERTAIN UTILITIES RESERVE GUIDELINES
REQUEST
Staff recommends that the UAC recommend that the Council approve changes to certain utilities
reserve fimds. Specifically, staff recommends that the development of an assessment of the risks
facing each fund be undertaken as part of the annual budget and retail rate development and approval
process. This annual assessment will be compared to the established guideline levels to assist in the
determination of the Rate Stabilization Reserve level target for each fiscal year.
Additionally, staff recommends the following minor changes to the guidelines of the following
Utilities Fund Reserves:
For the Electric, Gas, Water and Wastewater Collection Emergency Plant Replacement
Reserves, establish a minimum guideline level equal to the greater of: 1) the City’s liability
insurance coverage deductible or: 2) the amount that covers the most expensive item of
equipment which, if lost, would cause interruption in the normal activity of that utility;
2.For the Electric Supply Rate Stabilization Reserve, change the minimum and maximum
guideline levels equal to 50% and 100% of the annual supply purchase cost, respectively;
3.For the Gas Supply Rate Stabilization Reserve, change the minimum and maximum
guideline levels equal to 35% and 75% of the annual supply purchasecost, respectively; and
For the Electric Distribution, Gas Distribution, Water and Wastewater Collection Rate
Stabilization Reserves, change the minimum and maximum guideline levels equal to 20%
and 50% of the annual sales revenue, respectively;
The table below summarizes the proposed changes to the Rate Stabilization Reserve (RSR)
guidelines.
UAC December 6, 2006: Changes to Reserve Guidelines Page 1 of 14
Rate Stabilization
Reserve
Electric Supply
. Existing Guidelines
: i ’ ¯
Maximum = 103% of purchase cost
Minimum = half of maximum
Gas Supply Maximum = 75% of purchase cost
Minimum = half of maximum
Electric Maximum = 38% of sales revenue
Distribution Minimum = half of maximum
Gas Distribution Maximum = 40% of sales revenue
Water
Wastewater
Collection
Proposed New Guidelines
Maximum = 100% of purchase cost
Minimum = 50% of purchase cost
Maximum = 75% of purchase cost
Minimum = 35% of purchase cost
Maximum = 50% of sales revenue
Minimum = 20% of sales revenue
Maximum = 50% of sales revenue
Minimum = 20% of sales revenue
Maximum = 50% of sales revenue
Minimum = 20% of sales revenue
Minimum = half of maximum
Maximum = twice the minimum
Minimum = sum of: 1) 15% of
sales revenue; plus 2) sales revenue
decline due to abnormal weather
Maximum = twice the minimum
Minimum -- sum of: 1) 15% of
sales revenue; plus 2) sales revenue
decline due to abnormal weather
Target = midpoint between
minimum and maximum
Maximum = 50% of sales revenue
Minimum = 20% of sales revenue
All Target to be established following an
annual evaluation of risks to each
fund as part of budget preparation
BACKGROUND
On September 19, 2006, the Council Finance Committee directed staff to work with the UAC to
develop recommendations for changes to the policies, guidelines, or purposes of the following
Utilities Fund Reserves [CMR:358:06]:
1. Emergency Plant Replacement Reserve for the Water, Electric, Gas, and Wastewater
Collection Funds;
2. Supply Rate Stabilization Reserve for the Electric and Gas Funds;
3. Distribution Rate Stabilization Reserve for the Electric and Gas Funds; and
4. Rate Stabilization Reserve for the Water and Wastewater Collection Funds.
This memorandum is responsive to that direction.
DISCUSSION
This section describes the existing reserves and identifies any issues that may prompt further review
and analysis.
Article VII, Section 2 - Public utilities revenue, of the City Charter states:
The revenue of each public utility shall be kept in a separate fund from all other
receipts and shall be used for the purposes and in the order as follows:
(a)For the payment of the operating and maintenance expenses of such utility,
including the necessary contribution to retirement of its employees.
UAC December 6, 2006: Changes to Reserve Guidelines Page 2 of 14
(b)For the payment of interest on the bonded debt incurred for the construction or
acquisition of such utility.
(c)For the payment of the principal of said debt, as it may become due.
(d)For capital expenditures of such utility.
(e)For the annual payment into a reservefund for contingencies, of an amount not to
exceed ten percent of the expenditure for capital outlay for the year, exclusive of
bond fund expenditures. The total accumulated in this reserve for contingencies
shall at no time exceed five percent of the book value of the utility’s capital in
service. This reserve fund shall be available for use by the utility, only for
replacements or emergency repairs and after special appropriation by the council.
(f) The remainder shall be paid into the general.fund by quarterly allotments.
Emergency Plant Replacement (EPR) Reserves
These reserves are established by the City Charter for the Electric, Water, Gas, and Wastewater
Collection Funds for unplanned emergencies only. AS stated above, the Charter directs that EPR
reserve balances are not to exceed 5 percent of the net book value of the fixed assets of the fund. In
1988, Council approved minimum funding of the EPR reserves to be 5 percent of the annual increase
in the net book value of the fixed assets of the fund. At that time, Council also directed that the
balance of the reserve should be equal to an amount that covers the most expensive item of
equipment which, if lost, would cause interruption in the normal activity of that utility. As required
by the City Charter, these funds are available for use only for replacement or emergency repairs of
damaged equipment; and such uses require special appropriation by Council. The City has rarely
tapped these reserves. The EPRs have onlybeen tapped once in the last ten years. The last time was
in 1998 when the Electric EPR was used to cover the cost to replace a blown transformer.
Damage to facilities due to disasters is covered by the City’s property loss insurance policies.
One of these policies is liability insurance, for which the City is currently self-insured up to $1
million for disasters. This means that the first $1 million~in costs must be covered by the City
before the liability insurance coverage would begin. Liability insurance is insurance coverage to
protect against claims alleging that the City’s negligence or inappropriate action resulted in
bodily injury or property damage.
In addition, the City has property loss insurance, .which protects the City’s property against
physical loss or damage by theft, fare or other means. The City’s property loss insurance covers
certain property and equipment identified in an annual appraisal done for this. purpose. The
appraisal provides a statement of each item covered and the limit of coverage for each item. The
limit is generally equal to the replacement cost of the item although some small exclusions may
apply. Not all of the City’s assets are listed in this appraisal. For example, the water, gas, and
wastewater collections pipes and the electric wires are not included. For items that are listed in
the appraisal, the coverage extends to the limit less the deductible. Currently, the deductible for
property loss is $10,000 per item. Assets or equipment that are not specifically listed in the
appraisal are "unscheduled" and the deductible for "unscheduled" losses is $500,000.
Claims for damage due to earthquakes or floods would be made to the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA).
UAC December 6, 2006: Changes to Reserve Guidelines Page 3 of 14
1.Water Emergency Plant Replacement Reserve
Details about the Water EPR for the last several fiscal years are shown in the table below:
Water EPR Reserve
(millions of dollars)
Net Book Value of Fixed Assets as of end of FY
Balance as of end of FY
Balance as a fraction of Net Book Value
Annual Increase in Net Book Value
~nnual Reserve Funding
Annual Reserve Funding as a fraction of Annual
Increase in Net Book Value
FY 03-04
43.603
1.129
2.6%
3.155.
FY 04-05
48.686
1.204
2.5%
5.082
0.075
1.5%
FY 05-06
pre-audit
51.730
1.279
2.5%
3.045
0.075
3.9%
FY 06-07
budget
1.354
0.075
For the last three fiscal years, the Water EPR reserve balance has been under the 5% of Net Book
Value limit established in the Municipal Code and, therefore, is in compliance with that mandate.
However, the annual increase in reserve funding has not met the minimum of 5% of the annual
increase in Net Book Value.
Facilities that could be damaged and would need to be repaired or replaced could consist of large
pressure control valves, SCADA control systems, large booster pumps, pump control systems, pump
buildings and structures, large electric fire pumps, recirculation and chemical feed pumps, well
motors, casings or pumps, electric backup generators or reservoir failures.
The most expensive pieces of equipment in the water distribution system that, if lost, would need to
be replaced as soon as possible to avoid service interruption are the Mayfield Reservoir and pump
station. The cost to replace these facilities could be over $5 million. This amount is much greater
than 5% of the Net Book Value, the maximum amount for the reserve fund, It is more likely that the
reservoir or pump station would be damaged, not completely destroyed. The repair cost for damage
is hard to estimate. Assuming that some of the major equipment components at this plant require
replacement due to some unforeseen event, they could be replaced for $1.2 million in FY06/07. This
estimate includes materials and labor to replace the damaged pump station components, plus
additional operating expenses to cover operating the system while the rebuild effort is occurring.
2.Electric Emergency Plant Replacement Reserve
Details about the Electric EPR for the last several fiscal years are shown in the table below:
Electric EPR Reserve
(millions of dollars)
Net Book Value of Fixed Assets as of end of FY
Balance as of end of FY
Balance as a fraction of Net Book Value
Annual Increase in Net Book Value
Annual Reserve Funding
Annual Reserve Funding as a fraction of Annual
Increase in Net Book Value
FY 03-04
132.948
2.45!
1.8%
5.029
FY 04-05
137.831
2.509
1.8%
4.884
0.058
1.2%
FY 05-06
pre-audit
142.783
2.567
1.8%
4.952
0.058
1.2%
FY 06-07
budget
2.625
0.058
UAC December 6, 2006: Changes to Reserve Guidelines Page 4 of 14
For the last three fiscal years, the Electric EPR reserve balance has been under the 5% of Net Book
Value limit established in the Municipal Code and, therefore, is in compliance with that mandate.
However, the annual increase in reserve funding has been far short of the minimum of 5% of the
annual increase in Net Book Value.
The most expensive piece of equipment in the electric distribution system that, if lost, would need to
be replaced as soon as possible to avoid service interruption is any one of the three transformers at
the Colorado substation. Replacement of such a transformer would cost about $1 million. This cost
is more than covered by the current balance of this reserve even though funding is below the
recommended 5% of the increase in Net Book Value.
3.Gas Emergency Plant Replacement Reserve
Details about the Gas EPR for the last several fiscal years are shown in the table below:
Gas EPR Reserve
(millions of dollars)
Net Book Value of Fixed Assets as of end of FY
Balance as of end of FY
Balance as a fraction of Net Book Value
Annual Increase in Net Book Value
Annual Reserve Funding.
Annual Reserve Funding as a fraction of Annual
Increase in Net Book Value
FY 03-04 FY 04-05 FY 06-07
budget
FY 05~06
pre-audit
59.712
0.972
1.6%
1.561
0.038
2.4%
52.591 58.151
0.896 0.934 1.010
1.7%1.6%
5.102 5.560
0.038 0.038
o.7%
For the last three fiscal years, the Gas EPR reserve balance has been under the 5% of Net Book Value
limit established in the Municipal Code and, therefore, is in compliance with that mandate.
However, the annual increase in reserve funding has been far short of the minimum of 5% of the
annual increase in Net Book Value.
The most expensive pieces of equipment in the gas distribution system that, if lost, would need to be
replaced as soon as possible to avoid service interruption are the facilities at the Gas Receiving
Station Number 2 (at Alma Street and Colorado Avenue). Replacement of these facilities is
estimated to cost about $750,000, an amount that is more than covered by the current balance of this
reserve even though recent annual funding has been less than the recommended 5% of the increase in
Net Book Value
4. Wastewater Collection Emergency Plant Replacement Reserve
Details about the Wastewater Collection EPR for the last several fiscal years are shown in the table
below:
UAC December 6, 2006: Changes to Reserve Guidelines Page 5 of 14
Wastewater Collection EPR Reserve
(millions of dollars)
Net Book Value of Fixed Assets as of end of FY
Balance as of end of FY
Balance as a fraction of Net Book Value
Annual Increase in Net Book Value
Annual Reserve Funding
Annual Reserve Funding as a fraction of Annual
Increase in Net BoOk Value
FY 03-04
47.596
FY 04-05
50.958
FY 06-07
budget
FY 05-06
pre-audit
52.683
0.629
1.2%
1.725
0.034
2.0%
0.555 0.595 0.666
1.2%1.2%
2.171 3.362
0.040 0.037
1.2%
For the last three fiscal years, the Wastewater Collection EPR reserve balance has been under the 5%
of Net Book Value limit established in the Municipal Code and, therefore, is in compliance with that
¯ mandate. However, the annual increase in reserve funding has been short of the minimum of 5% of
the annual increase in Net Book Value.
The primary facilities for wastewater collection are the collection pipelines. There are almost no
above-ground facilities in this System. The most expensive pieces of equipment in the wastewater
collection system that, if lost, would need to be replaced as soon as possible to avoid service
interruption are the largest diameter portions of the wastewater collection system. Atotal blockage
or washing away of the last section of the system, a section of 42 inch diameter pipe, through which
most of the City’s wastewater flows on its way to the Water Quality ControlPlant would cost over $5
million to replace. This amount is much greater than 5% of the Net Book Value, the maximum
amount for the reserve fund. It is more likely that smaller sections of pipe would need repair or
replacement in an emergency. The potential damage could be about $1 million. Funding this amount
would require that the balance in this reserve needs to increased. Some of the funding needed for
increasing this emergency reserve balance may come from C~ funding ret~med to the WWC fund at
the end of FY 06-07.
Recommendation -for Emergency Plant Replacement Reserves
As shown in the detail above, for the last three fiscal years, the EPR reserve balances have been
under the 5% of Net Book Value limit established in the City Charter and the annual increase in
reserve funding has not met the minimum of 5% of the annual increase in Net Book Value. The City
Charter requirement pre-dates the establishment of other reserves, such as the Rate Stabilization
Reserves, that contain funds that could be used to pay for emergencies if needed. In addition, each
fund has the capacity to borrow funds for such needs. In recent years, Utilities management has not
felt that funding the EPRs at the guideline level of 5% of the annual increase inNet Book Value has
been necessary.
Staff recommends that a minimum reserve guideline be established equal to the greater of: 1) the
liability insurance deductible amount (currently $1 million); or 2) the amount needed to cover the
most expensive item of equipment which, if lost, would cause interruption in the normal activity of
that utility. If the loss were found to be due to negligence, any amount over $1 million would be
covered by liability insurance. Exposure under the City’s property loss insurance due to coverage
limits and deductibles is likely to be lower than the liability insurance deductible.
UAC December 6, 2006: Changes to Reserve Guidelines Page 6 of 14
For the Electric, Gas, and Water EPRs, the current balances are sufficient to meet this minimum
guideline so that additional funding is not necessary.
For the Wastewater Collection EPR, additional funding is necessary to increase the balance to the
minimum level. In the upcoming budget process, the question of how quickly to move the fund to
the minimum guideline level will be discussed. Note that the City Charter does state that the annual
payment into the reserve should not exceed ten percent of the expenditure for capital outlay for the
year, exclusive of bond fund expenditures. This may be found to be the limiting factor for how
quickly the reserve can be brought up to the minimum guideline level.
Rate Stabilization Reserve (RSR)
Council established RSRs in May 1993 [CMR:263:93] for the Water, Electric, Gas and Wastewater
Collection Funds to ensure funds are available to cover short-term situations when expenditures
exceed revenues; to provide a depository of excess funds when expenditures are less than revenues;
and to plan for certain known future occurrences that are of a one-time nature, or to ramp up if the
expense is of an ongoing nature. The key points of the Council policy are:
Reserves should be used to finance extraordinary one-time contingencies and to cover
increased operating costs in the short-run, while allo, wing rates to gradually increase over a
reasonable period.
Reserves should not be used to solve long-term financial problems or to cover potential
major catastrophic disasters.
RSR level guidelines should be set to allow reserves to float up or down. The decision to
hold more money or less money than the guidelines should be based on an assessment of the
uncertainties and financial risk facing the utilities.
The adequacy and prudence of the guidelines will be reviewed internally each year, and if
appropriate, revised guidelines will be recommended.
In May 1998 [CMR:194:98], Council split the Gas and Electric Fund RSRs into Supply and
Distribution RSRs when the retail rates in those funds were unbundled into supply and distribution
components of the rate.
The current RSR guidelines were developed from an evaluation of risks, or costcontingencies, to
which the relevant funds are exposed. The funds that would be necessary to cover a variety of risks
were then compared to the fund’s supply cost (for the Electric and Gas Supply RSRs) or sales
revenue (for all other RSRs). The minimum guidelines were then established as a percentage of the
supply cost or sales revenue. The risk evaluation was not necessarily communicated to the public on
an annual basis. Staff recommends that such an evaluation and explanation of risks be
communicated to the UAC and Council each year as part of the budget and rate development process
to determine the target reserve balance for the budget.
UAC December 6, 2006: Changes to Reserve Guidelines Page 7 of 14
The desirable amount of money that is held in reserves depends upon the desired balance between
having higher reserve balances and longer periods between rate changes and lower reserve balances
and shorter periods between rate changes.
One approach is to establish the lowest prudent reserve level, which could be equal to the amount of
money that would be needed to cover cost contingencies that may arise and could be covered in the
time necessary for Council to approve a rate change. The minimum time necessary for staffto take a
request for a rate change to the Council is about 3 months. Therefore, this method would result in a
reserve level.equal to the amount a cost contingency could increase costs ina 3-month period. Such
an approach would require close monitoring of costs and the quick deployment of staff to begin the
process for requesting a rate adjustment. This approach is administrativelyburdensome and does not
conform to the Utilities Strategic Key Strategy #2: "Manage supply portfolio risk as per Council
policy to provide stable gas and electric rates, to preserve a supply cost advantage, and to manage
business processes cost effectively."
Another approach is to have larger reserves capable of cushioning or smoothing rate adjustments
over multiple years so that any unanticipated costs would be passed on more slowly to the customers.
This approach may have the advantage of security and the ability to cover a large variety of
simultaneous contingencies without changing rates. However, rates could become out of line with
market costs and neighboring utilities’ rates at times.
For the most part, customers seem to appreciate fewer rate changes and have not petitioned for a
change regarding the amount of money held in reserves by the City. In addition, ratings agencies
have shown a strong preference for having more, rather than less, money in reserves to maintain the
City’s excellent credit rating.
A description of the proposed new guideline for each RSR follows.
1.Electric Supply RSR
The current guideline for the minimum reserve level is that it be equal to 51.5 percent of the electric
supply purchase cost. The maximum level is. equal to twice the minimum level. The minimum
guideline was developed from the electric supply recurring and one-time cost contingencies. The
recurring cost contingencies include:
¯Western hydrologic production and market price variability,
¯Calaveras hydrologic production and market price variability,
o Calaveras plant outage,
¯Market price risk related to the electric supply portfolio’s unhedged load positions, and
~Transmission cost uncertainties.
One-time cost contingencies may include:
Regulatory and legal cost uncertainties, and
,Supplier default.
The cost contingencies identified above will be included in the annual risk assessment. The chart
below provides information for the Electric Supply RSR over the past three fiscal years.
UAC December 6, 2006: Changes to Reserve Guidelines Page 8 of 14
Electric Supply Rate Stabilization Reserve
(millions of dollars)
Budget Estimate of Reserve Balance as of the end of FY
Budgeted Purchase Cost (Adopted Budget)
Budget Estimate of Reserve Balance as a fraction of
Budgeted Purchase Cost
Maximum Guideline Level (% of purchase cost)
Minimum Guideline Level (% of purchase cost)
Actual Balance as of end ofFY (pre-audit figure for FY 05-06)
FY 03-04
34.423
38.670
89%
FY04-05
52.462
36.202
145%
FY05-06
23.876
57.013
42%
80%103%103%
40%51.5%51.5%
58.562 44.199 64.542
The proposed new minimum reserve guideline is that it be equal to 50% of the electric supply
purchase cost. The proposed maximum guideline would be 100% of the electric supply purchase
cost. This guideline is essentially the same as the existing guideline, but adds the requirement to
conduct the annual evaluation of risks facing the electric supply business unit to determine target
reserves levels as part of the budget and retail rate development process.
2. Electric Distribution RSR
The current guideline for the minimum reserve level is that it be equal to 19 percent of the
distribution sales revenue. The maximum level was set to twice the ~inimum level. The minimum
guideline was developed from the electric distribution cost contingencies, including:
o A decline in sales revenue of 10 percent for two years,
¯Rise in ongoing operating expenses for two years, and
,Unusual one-time cost contingencies (e.g. potential seismic upgrades at the Municipal Service
Center, effectiveness of efficiency programs, regulatory and legal cost uncertainties or expansion
of the CIP).
Although the electric distribution business unit faces less uncertainty than the supply business unit,
the cost contingengies identified above will be included in the annual risk assessment. The chart
below provides information for the Electric Distribution RSR over the past three fiscal years.
Electric Distribution Rate Stabilization Reserve
(millions of dollars)
Budget Estimate of Reserve Balance as of the end of FY
Budgeted Sales Revenue (Adopted Budget)
Budget Estimate of Reserve Balance as a fraction of
Budgeted Sales Revenue
Maximum Guideline Level (% of sales revenue)
Minimum Guideline Level (% of sales revenue)
Actual Balance as of end of FY (pre-audit figure for FY 05-06)
FY03-04
8.296
30.119
28%
FY04-05
6.876
28.193
24%
FY 05,06
8.849
26.994
33%
3O%38%39%
15%19%19%
7.557 13.519 11.324
The proposed new minimum reserve guideline is that it be equal to 20% of the electric distribution
sales revenue. The proposed maximum guideline would be 50% of the electric distribution sales
revenue. This guideline is almost the same as the existing guideline, but adds the requirement to
UAC December 6, 2006: Changes to Reserve Guidelines Page 9 of 14
conduct the annual evaluation of risks facing the electric distribution business unit to determine
target reserves levels as part of thebudget and rate development process.
3. Gas Supply RSR
The current guideline for the minimum reserve level is that it be equal to 37.5 percent of the gas
supply purchase cost. The maximum level was set to twice the minimum level. The minimum
guideline was developed from the gas supply cost contingencies, including:
¯An increase in gas pool customer sales volumes of 10 percent,
¯Market price risk for unhedged supplies, and
~Unusual one-time cost contingencies (e.g. regulatory and legal cost uncertainties and supplier
default/credit risk).
The cost contingencies identified above will be included in the annual risk assessment. The chart
below provides information for the Gas Supply RSR over the past three fiscal years.
Gas Supply Rate Stabilization Reserve
(millions of dollars)
Budget Estimate of Reserve Balance as of the end of FY
Budgeted Purchase Cost (Adopted Budget)
Budget Estimate of Reserve Balance as a fraction of
Budgeted Purchase Cost
Maximum Guideline Level (% of purchase cost)
Minimum Guideline Level (% of purchase cost)
Actual Balance as of end ofFY (pre-audit figure for FY 05-06)
FY 03-04
7.605
16.673
45%
40%
20%
6.822
FY 04-05
6.556
16.733
39%
75%
37.5%
3.821
FY 05-06
3.200
20.320
16%
75%
37.5%
2.801
The proposed new minimum reserve guideline is that it be equal to 35% of the gas supply purchase
cost. The proposed maximum guideline would be 75% of the gas supply purchase cost. This
guideline is essentially the same as the existing guideline, but adds the requirement to conduct the
annual evaluation of risks facing the gas supply business unit to determine target reserves levels as
part of the budget and rate development process.
4.Gas Distribution RSR
The current guideline for the minimum reserve level is that it be equal to 20 percent of the
distribution sales revenue. The maximum level was set to twice the minimum level. The minimum
guideline was developed from the gas distribution cost contingencies, including:
A decline in sales revenue of 10 percent for two years,
~Rise in ongoing operating expenses for two years, and
Unusual one-time cost contingencies (e.g. potential seismic upgrades at the Municipal Service
Center, effectiveness of efficiencyprograms, regulatory and legal cost uncertainties or expansion
of the CI:P).
As with the electric fund, the gas distribution fund faces much less risk than the gas supply fund.
The cost contingencies identified above will be included in the annual risk assessment. The chart
below provides information for the Gas Distribution RSR over the past three fiscal years.
UAC December 6, 2006: Changes to Reserve Guidelines Page 10 of 14
Gas Distribution Rate Stabilization Reserve
(millions of dollars)
Budget Estimate of Reserve Balance as of the end of FY
Budgeted Sales Revenue (Adopted Budget)
Budget Estimate of Reserve Balance as a fraction of
Budgeted Sales Revenue
Maximum Guideline Level (% of sales revenue)
Minimum Guideline Level (% of sales revenue)
Actual Balance as of end of FY (pre-audit figure for FY 05-06)
FY 03-04
6.421
11.238
57%
FY 04-05
3.862
10.591
36%
FY 05-06
4.691
14.761
32%
40%40%40%
20%20%20%
6.703 4.023 3.868
The proposed new minimum reserve guideline is that it be equal to 20% of the gas distribution sales
revenue. The proposed maximum guideline would be 50% of the gas distribution sales revenue.
This guideline is almost identical to the existing guideline, but adds the requirement to conduct the
annual evaluation o frisks facing the gas distribution business unit to determine target reserves levels
as part of the budget and rate development process.
5.Water RSR
The current guideline for the minimum reserve level is that it be equal to the sum of: 1) 15 percent of
sales revenue for that year; plus 2) the estimated annual net sales revenue decline due to abnormal
weather. The reserve’s guideline for the maximum level is twice the minimum level..
The Water Fund is subject to changes in sales revenue caused by wet or cold weather, cost and
effectiveness of water efficiency programs, expansion of the Capital Improvement Program for the
distribution system, and cost impacts related to San Francisco’s upgrade of the Hetch Hetchy
regional water supply system. These cost contingencies will be included in the annual risk
assessment to determine target reserves levels as part of the budget preparation. The chart below
provides information for the Water RSR over the past three fiscal years.
Water Rate Stabilization Reserve
(millions of dollars)
Budget Estimate of Reserve Balance as of the end of FY
Budgeted Sales Revenue (Adopted Budget)
Budget Estimate of Reserve Balance as a fraction of
Budgeted Sales Revenue
Actual Balance as of end ofFY (pre-audit figure for FY 05-06)
FY 03-04
6.885
21.073
33%
6.178
FY 04.05 FY 05-06
6.728 8.433
23.265 23.381
29%36%
5.217 4.143
The proposed new minimum reserve guideline is that it be equal to 20% of the water sales revenue.
The proposed maximum guideline would be 50% of the water sales revenue. It is expected that the
cost contingencies for the water fund will lie within that range. The additional new component is the
requirement to conduct the annual evaluation of risks facing the water fund to determine target
reserves levels as part of the budget and rate development process.
UAC December 6, 2006: Changes to Reserve Guidelines Page 1 1 of 14
6.Wastewater Collection RSR
The current guideline for the minimum reserve level is that it be equal to the sum of: 1) 15 percent of
sales revenue for that year; plus 2) the estimated annual net sales revenue decline due to abnormal
weather. The reserve’s guideline for the maximum level is twice the minimum level.
As with the Water Fund, the Wastewater Collection Fund is subject to changes in sales revenue
caused by wet or cold weather and the effectiveness of water efficiency programs. Temporaryramp-
up or expansion of the Capital Improvement Program could impact reserve levels. In addition, the
Wastewater Collection fund may incur costs due to cleanups required after sewer backups. These
cost contingencies will be included in the annual risk assessment to determine target reserves levels
as part of the budget preparation. The chart below provides information for the Wastewater RSR
over.the past three fiscal years.
Wastewater Collection Rate Stabilization Reserve
(millions of dollars).
Budget Estimate of Reserve Balance as of the end of FY
Budgeted Sales Revenue (Adopted Budget)
Budget Estimate of Reserve Balance as a fraction of
Budgeted Sales Revenue
Actual Balance as of end ofFY (pre-audit figure for FY 05-06)
FY 03-04
3.276
12.901
25%
FY 05-06FY 04-05
3.466
12.252
28%
4.917
5.810
13,660
43%
2.823 4.293
The proposed new minimum reserve guideline is that it be equal to 20% of the wastewater collection
sales revenue. The proposed maximum guideline would be 50% of the wastewater collection sales
revenue. It is expected that the cost contingencies for the wastewater collection fund will lie within
that range. The additional new component of the requirement to conduct the annual evaluation of
risks facing the wastewater collection fund to determine target reserves levels as part of the budget
and rate development process.
Recommendation for the Rate Stabilization Reserves
Staff recommends that an evaluation and explanation of risks for each of the RSRs be communicated
to the UAC. and Council each year as part of the budget and rate development process to determine
the target reserve balance for the budget. Since the retail rate level assessment is undertaken every
.year due to the volatile nature of supply commodity costs, this risk evaluation and communication is
to be done annually even if the City is in the second year of a two-year budget cycle.
The annual risk assessment will include, but may not be limited to, hydropower production and
market price variability; plant outage costs; market price risk related to unhedged supply to meet
load; transmission cost risks; variations in sales volumes due to customer usage pattern changes due
to weather or efficiency programs; regulatory and legal cost uncertainties; the risk of supplier default;
and unanticipated changes to capital improvement program costs. This annual assessment will be
compared to the established guideline levels to assist in the determination of the Rate Stabilization
Reserve level target for each fiscal year.
The recommendations for the guidelines for the RSRs are summarized in the table below.
UAC December 6, 2006: Changes to Reserve Guidelines Page 12 of 14
Rate Stabilization.
Reserves ~
Electric Supply
Gas Supply
Electric Distribution
Gas Distribution
Water
Wastewater Collection
Reserve Balance as
of end of FY 05-06
(pre-audit) ¯
$64.542 million
$2.801 million
$11.324 million
$3.868 million
$4.143 million
$4.293 million
i i Proposed New Guidelines
when applied to FY 06-07 budget numbers
Maximum
$55.275 million
100%of purchase cost
$20.023 million
75%of purchase cost
$14.297 million
50% of sales revenue
$7.833 million
50%of sales revenue
$11.156 million
50% of sales revenue
$6.840 million
50% of sales revenue
Minimum
$27.637 million
50% of purchase cost
$9.344 million
35% of purchase cost
$5.719 million
20% of sales revenue
$3.133 million
20% of sales revenue
$4.462million
20% of sales revenue
$2.736 million
20% of sales revenue
Note that the recommendation does not change the guideline basis of purchase cost for the electric
and gas supply RSRs. Although the risks in these funds don’t directly relate to the purchase cost,
past risk evaluations have demonstrated that the risks will fall between the minimum and maximum
guideline levels. In addition, the recommendation does not change the guideline basis of sales
revenue for the electric and gas distribution, water, and wastewater collection RSRs.
RESOURCE IMPACT
The impact of the recommended changes to the Emergency Plant Replacement Reserves is that
funding of the Electric, Gas, and Water EPRs can cease as they are at least at the minimum guideline
levels. Funding of the Wastewater Collection EPR is required to increase it to the minimum
guideline level. During the budget process, staff will outline the plans to fund this reserve over the
next several fiscal years.
There is no resource impact of the recommended changes to the Rate StabiliZation Reserves as a
result of the recommended changes to the guideline levels. The annual risk evaluations that will be
done may result in a resource impact that would be identified at the time.
POLICY IMPLICATIONS
The recommended changes to the reserve guidelines require Council approval.
ATTACHMENT
CMR:358:06 - Recommendation for Finance Committee to Review Certain Utility Emergency Plan
Reserve and Rate Stabilization Reserve Policies, Guidelines, or Purposes and Direct Staff to Work
With the Utilities Advisory Commission to Develop Recommendations for Changes to the Same
PREPARED BY: Jane Ratchye, Senior Resource Planner
UAC December 6, 2006: Changes to Reserve Guidelines Page 13 of 14
APPROVED BY:
VALE~IE ~NG
DIRECTOR OF UTILITIES
UAC December 6, 2006: Changes to Reserve Guidelines Page 14 of 14
Draft UAC Meeting Minutes Excerpts December 2006 Attachment 2
Jane Ratchye’s presentation followed the staff report. - In September, the Finance Committee
directed staff to work with the UAC on the Utilities Emergency Plant Replacement Reserves
(EPRRs) and the Rate Stabilization Reserves (RSRs). The EPRRs were set-up by City Charter
with the stipulation that the maximum level of those reserves cannot be more than five percent of
the net book value of the fixed assets for that fund. In 1988, Council added directives that: 1) the
annual funding to those reserves should be about five percent to the annual increase in the net
book value and 2) the balance of those reserves should be able to cover the cost of the most
expensive item in that utility that, if taken out of service, would result in a loss in utility service.
The City’s insurance policies also cover some disasters. The City’s liability insurance has a one
million dollar deductible currently. The City Charter sets the maximum for these reserves. All
of these reserves are under that maximum so we are in line with the City Charter. Staff is
recommending that these reserves have a minimum level equal to the greater of: 1) the
deductible for the city’s liability insurance; or 2) an amount that would cover the cost of the most
expensive piece of equipment that would need to be repaired in order to return utility service
forthwith. Under staff’s recommendation, the Wastewater Collection Emergency Plant
Replacement Reserve would need to be funded to meet that one million dollar minimum. Do
you want to pause here and have any questions on the EPRRs?
Commissioner Dawes asked about overlap between the EPRRs and the distribution reserves.
Ratchye noted that the EPRRs are meant for something where the money is needed right now
because something just broke that needs to be replaced. Most of the reserves are significantly
below the maximum levels from the City Charter since Utilities does have distribution rate
stabilization reserves in all the funds. The RSRs did not exist at the time of the City Charter.
Commissioner Melton noted that for the Wastewater Collection EPRR, the most expensive item
could cost five million dollars to replace, but the staff report says that the cost would only be one
million dollars.
Ratchye noted that staff struggled with this because it is hard to imagine that somehow the entire
42-inch section that would cost five million dollars to replace would disappear without being
caused by an earthquake, that is covered by FEMA, or there being a liability issue that would be
covered by our liability insurance, or something covered by our property insurance. Staff could
not come up with something that was reasonable, so we estimated that a reasonable number for
repair would be the one million dollars.
Ratchye then discussed the six Utilities rates stabilization reserves (RSRs). The RSRs were
established in 1993 and they are to finance extraordinary one time contingencies to cover
increased operating costs in short run and they are supposed to allow rates to gradually increase
over a reasonable period and that is how you have seen them being used over the time you have
been on the Commission I am sure. They are not to solve long term financial problems or to
cover major catastrophic disasters. The reserves should be allowed to flow up or down with
levels generally between the minimum and the maximum guideline based on the assessment of
the financial risks of facing the whole Utility. The intent when these reserves were established is
to review their adequacy annually. Staff is not recommending major changes in the minimum
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and maximum guidelines for any of the rate stabilization reserves. The new element is to require
an annual risk assessment for each fund as part of the annual budget and retail rate setting
process. The risk assessment would be used to develop the target level should be for the RSRs.
The ranges for minimum and maximum that we have now should capture the risks that we expect
to see. Risks assessments have been done in the past, but not necessarily annually and the results
have not necessarily been made public.
Commissioner Bechtel commented that, from a practical point of view, the maximum is not as
important as the minimum because the minimum is the one you really feel, bottom line, you
should have that money in reserve. We should not be quibbling about too much maximums.
Commissioner Melton observed that the annual risk assessment should lie between the minimum
and the maximum levels, but in the past, the reserve levels have gone below the minimums.
Girish Balachandran, Assistant Director for Resource Management noted that the risks need to
be looked at for the long-term. For example, given our hedging strategy, we tend to end up
being lower than minimum for the prompt 12 months. But, for the second and third years the
risk exposure is substantially more. The annual risk assessment is the time when we get the
dialogue going on rates and that connection happens and so the timing of this is right. We do not
have a hard and fast rule as to how much we are going to hedge. It seems that the common sense
approach would be to look at the real risk exposure for the rate period in question and calculate
rates based on that.
Commissioner Melton agreed with this approach, but noted a certain degree of tension and
uncomfortableness if that annual risk assessment is below the minimum guideline and we are not
setting rates to at least keeps our reserves at the minimum guidelines.
Ratchye noted that these are guidelines and not policy. Even if reserves have been lower than
the minimum for a single year, you will see the levels in the longer-term view climbing up above
the minimum.
Commissioner Dawes agreed with Chair Melton. He also is concerned when reserve levels are
below the guideline minimums. In addition, the risks on the electric side are highly dependent
on hydro availability, which is not known with any certainty at the time of budget development.
Balachandran noted thatthis is what’s been done for last several years. For electric, we look at
two hydro years for coverage on our reserves in an attempt to accommodate the volatility of that
key assumption. On the gas side, the laddering strategy for the first eighteen months has a
minimum of 60 percent hedged and a maximum of 100 percent. In the last few years we are
hedged at 80 percent or so. That is why the risk exposure that you see has been below the
guideline. But we could actually be hedget at 60 percent so the risk exposure could be.much
higher.
Karl Van Orsdol, Energy Risk Manager, stated that the first time this is done, we will do it with a
lot of detail and a lot of explanation as to why we have chosen the risk approaches that we have.
As Girish said we need to do two years for hydro, you are using the prompt 12 months for which
Page 2 of 3
there is actual data and then using the model for the following twelve months. It is much more
conservative approach then doing it for a twelve month period.
Commissioner Rosenbaum commented that the section from the City Charter was interesting.
The Charter does not seem to contemplate the rate stabilization reserves we now have.
Ratchye noted that not everything we do emanates from the Charter. Balachandran noted that
there are other reserves established by the Council which are not written into the Charter.
Commissioner Dawes stated that he is comfortable with the proposed guidelines. If we come up
to real changes in the risk assessment, we may have to adjust the reserves, but not the guidelines.
So we really have to adjust the dollars and not worry about tweaking guidelines.
Commissioner Dawes move that the UAC recommends the staff recommendation in Table II for
revision of guidelines with the exception that when the target reserve is below the minimum
guidelines that the assumption used are the most conservative available to the particular utility.
After discussion, Commissioner Dawes agreed to change "most conservative available: to "an
appropriately conservative set of assumptions."
The motion died for a lack of a second.
Commissioner Rosenbaum moved staff recommendation. Commissioner Bechtel seconded the
motion.
Commissioner Bechtel noted that the risk assessment means more than the minimum and
maximum guideline levels. In the budget process, we can discuss the risk assessment.
Commissioner Dawes indicated that he supports the motion as he has great confidence in staff to
envision circumstances in the market.
Commissioner Melton was still not comfortable with the Emergency Plant Replacement
Reserves since it doesn’t cover the cost of the most expensive item for the Wastewater
Collection fund.
Motion passes unanimously.
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