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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1996-02-05 City Council (11)City of Palo Alto C ty Manager’s Report TO:HONORABLE CITY COUNCIL 6 FROM:CITY MANAGER DEPARTMENT: UTILITIES AGENDA DATE: SUBJECT: February 5, 1996 CMR:128:96 Approval of Meadows Water Well Closure and Sale, and Delaying the Sale of Middlefield Well Site REQUEST This report requests that Council authorize staff to abandon the Meadows Well site and have the Water Utility turn the property back to the General Fund. Staff will return to the Council at a later date with recommended uses of the property, including a possible sale of the land for housing. This report further requests that Council approve a delay in selling the Middlefield Well site until a proposed well study is completed. RECOMMENDATIONS Staff recommends that Council: 1.Authorize staff to abandon the Meadows Well site, remove the well, and have the Water Utility turn the property back to the General Fund. 2.Delay sale of Middlefield Well site and reinstate payment of rental charges from the Water Utility to the General Fund. POLICY IMPLICATIONS This action does not represent any change to existing policies. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Upon receipt of a letter (Exhibit 2) submitted by Elizabeth Indergand, Member Board of Directors, Walnut Grove Homeowners Association, at the December 4, 1995 Council CMR:128:96 Page 1 of 2 Meeting, Council continued this item (CMR:489:95, Exhibit 1) to allow staff time to review and prepare a response. Staff responded with the attached letter (Exhibit 3). A letter was prepared by staff addressing the concerns of the neighborhood committee. Most of the citizens’ concerns were focused on the City’s ability to properly seal the existing well. The City will hire a contractor licensed by the state to properly seal the well casing. The Santa Clara Valley Water District (SCVWD) will issue a permit and inspect the work of the City’s contractor. The SCVWD has sealed hundreds of wells in Santa Clara County using the state approved well sealing standards. The SCVWD can supply a list of the wells they have sealed using these standards over the past few years, if necessary. After the well is properly sealed, it will not present any problems for the new owner or the adjacent property owners. FISCAL IMPACT Council approval will result in the cessation of annual rental payments from the Water Fund to the General Fund in the amount of $20,000 for the Meadows Well site and the commencement of annual rental payments from the Water Fund to the General Fund in the amount of $70,000 ($35,000 per lot) for the Middlefield site. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT This action does not constitute a project under the California Environmental Quality Act, therefore, an Environmental Assessment is not required. ATTACHMENTS Exhibit 1 - CMR:489:95 Exhibit 2 - December 4, 1995 Letter to Council Exhibit 3 - January 12, 1996 Letter to Elizabeth lndergand PREPARED BY: CHARLES BORG and ROGER CWIAK DEPARTMENT HEAD APPROVAL: J. MF of Utilities CITY MANAGER APPROVAL: Manager CMR:128:96 Page 2 of 2 City of Palo Alto City Manager’s Report TO: FROM: AGENDA DATE: SUBJECT: HONORABLE CITY COUNCIL .;. CITY MANAGER DEPARTMENT: 12 UTILITIES December 4, 1995 CMR:489:95 Approval of Meadows Water Well Closure and Sale, and Del,aying the Sale of Middlefield Well Site REQUEST This report requests that Council authorize staff to abandon .the Meadows Well site and have the Water Utility turn the property back to the General Fund. Staff will return to the Council at a later date with recommended uses of the property, including a possible sale of the land for housing. This report further requests that Council approve a delay in selling the Middlefield Well site until a proposed well study is completed. RECOMMENDATIONS Staff recommends that Council: Authorize staff to abandon the Meadows Well site, remove the well, and have the Water Utility turn the property back to the General Fund. Delay sale of Middlefield Well site and reinstate payment of rental charges from the Water Utility to the General Fund. POLICY IMPLICATIONS This action does not represent any change to existing policies. CMR:489:95 Page ! of 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Meadows Well Closure The Meadows Well (Exhibit 1), located at 3896 Duncan Place, occupies a pie-shaped parcel of approximately 0.18 acres . The site is zoned R-1 and surrounded by single family homes. The well was constructed in 1956 as part of the City’s distributed water supply and has been maintained as part of the City’s emergency water.supply since 1962. The water production capacity of the Meadows Well has never been high; over the years the water production capacity has been reduced by corrosion, sand entering and wearing away the well pump housing, and earthquake damage to the well casing. The last recorded water production capacity was appi’oximately 230 gallons per minute, which is 50 percent below the intended original design water yield. The City contracted with Maggiora Brothers Drilling, Inc. to investigate and make repairs to the Meadows Well site. During the investigation of the well, the contractor found the well pump needed major repairs or replacement, the pump motor needed to be replaced and the well casing needed numerous repairs or redrilling. These improvements, at a cost of $450,000, would probably bring the well site to current California water well standards established by the California Department of Water Resources..The contractor could not provide any assurance to the City that the production capacity of the well would be improved if recommended repairs were made. Based on the results of the contractor’s investigation of the Meadows Well mechanical components, the history of low water production at this site, the expense of refurbishing a marginal well site with no assurance for improved capacity or earthquake survival, staff recommends that the Meadows site be closed. The Meadows site will not be returned to in the future as a well site. The site is not centrally located and could not be economically included in a centrally located emergency well water treatment process. Staff will return to the Council at a later date with recommended uses for the property. Emerqency Well System Study The State Department of Health Service (DHS) has required the City to add a treatment process to the existing emergency groundwater production wells, to meet current DHS secondary health standards for emergency wells. The treatment process would remove iron and manganese from the groundwater. This DHS requirement has forced the City to change the operation of the existing emergency well system to a standby well system. An emergency well system immediately responds to a pressure loss in the water distribution system, by starting wells to maintain water distribution system supply and pressure. A standby system must be manually started by staff, after requesting DHS approval to use the well. After a treatment process is installed, the DHS would again approve the City emergency well system to be physically connected to the water distribution system, for immediate water production during distribution system emergencies. CM[R:489:95 Page 2 of 4 Staff plans to hire an experienced water well system design consultant to perform a feasibility study of the existing City emergency water well system. The consultant would make recommendations regarding the future .operations and maintenance of the well system. If the study recommends an emergency well system, the consultant, with Council approval, will design a DHS required well water treatment I~r.ocess for emergency operations, design new wells as determined necessary, and propose equipment changes to improve the efficiency of the existing well system. The .study will also include a recommendation on the amount of water needed from the City wells and an analysis of their current ~nechanical and physical condition. Included in the study will be an examination of the need for new wells, which should include a review of the Middlefield Road site. The study, any improvements to existing wells, construction of a centrally located emergency well water treatment process and the addition of new wells will be recommended over a three to four year period through the CIP process. Delay Sale of Middlefield Well Site The Middlefield Road Well site was abandoned in 1989, as authorized by the City Council (Reference Exhibit 2:CMR:267:8), due to the poor physical condition of the mechanical equipment at the site. In 1990, in anticipation of selling the site, it was rezoned from PF (Public Facility) to R-1 (Single Family Residential); and a Certificate of Compliance establishing two parcels on the site was recorded with the County of Santa Clara. As stated in the January 1988 Report on the Condition of the City of Palo Alto Water Well System, the Middlefield Road well site is located near two other large water production wells in the City system: Hale and Rinconada Wells (Exhibit 3). Further investigation of constructing a new emergency well at the Middlefield well site is warranted because of the site’s past production history, the site’s central location and proximity to other wells that will require water treatment and the failure of the Meadows Well. If the proposed emergency water well system study indicates that a new well is necessary and the Middlefield Well site is determined to be a good centrally located production site, then the Utilities Department will request amendment of the Comprehensive Plan Land Use Map to change the site’s designation from Single Family Residential to Major Institution/Special Facilities, rezoning of the site from Single Family Residential (R-l) to Public Facilities and removal of the lot line, and will pursue the design and construction of a new well through the CIP process. FISCAL IMPACT Council approval will stop annual rental payments from the Water Fund to the General Fund in the amount of $20,000 for the Meadows Well site and start annual rental payments from the Water Fund to the General Fund in the amount of $70,000 ($35,000 per lot) for the Middlefield site. ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT This action does not constitute a project under the California Environmental Quality Act; therefore, an Environmental Assessment is not required. CN[R:489:95 Page 3 of 4 ATTACHMENTS Exhibit 1 - Meadows Well Site Location - County Assessor Map Exhibit 2 - CMR:267:8 Exhibit 3 -Water Facilities Site Locations And Pressure Zones PREPARED BY: CHARLES BORG and ROGER CWIAK DEPARTMENT HEAD APPROVAL: CITY MANAGER APPROVAL: /JUN-E FLEM~N(~ ~ (~ Manager ~j CMR:489:95 Page 4 of 4 May 19, 1988 THE HONORABLE CITY COIINCIL Palo Alto, California Attention: Finance and Public Work~ EXHIBIT 2 Report on the Condition of theCity of Palo Alto Water Well System - ReQuest for Approval of’"Recommendations ~ Members of the Council: This Report on the Condition of the Palo Alto Water Well System reviews the adequacy of the City’s ten existing stand-by wells, makes recommendations for the improvements to six well sites .(Hale, Rinconada, Peers, Meadows, Matadero and Fernando) and the abandonment and disposition of the remaining four well sites ~Middlefield, Seale, Tower and Park Boulevard). Back ..~round in order to more effectively utilize available Water Utility facilities, Capital and Operations and Maintenance (O~M) Funds, and City Water Well properties, a study of the City’s well system was conducted by staff and a Report on the Condition of the City of Palo Alto Water Well System,.:-includinp the Executive Summary, was prepared and is attached, l~e Water Utility is currently maintaining ten wells in the Cit.y’s w~_ter distribution system for stand-by capacity. These ten wells were used from 1925 to 1938 to supply the entire water demand for the City. Fro~ 1938’to ]962, the City .wells were used in- combination with waters deliver.ed through the Hetch-Hetchy system to supply water for .the.Cit~’s needs. Since 1962, the City of Palo Alto has used principally Hetch-Hetchy water. No wells have been used on long-term continuous ’basis since.1962. During the twoweek 1976 San Francisco Water Department ~trike, the City’s wells were used to supplement water i~’-th@Gity’.s"distribution system. The wells have also been used .to-.rep.lace Hetch-Hetchy water during the .City’s annual Water Main Flds.hing Project. These former producti on’wells-lhave been .on. stand-~#;.#~pacity approximately thirty years and their physical condition has deteriorated. The Well Study..considers the existing condition and capacity of each well. In addition’, it ~’xamines thes~r.vice area demand met by the well system, each well’s water quality, potential for groundwater pollution in each well and planning and zoning issues for each well site. Every well was then rated in three main CMR:267:B categories; Emergency Use, Water Quality and Land Use.~ Results of the .overall well ranking are shown in the report’s executive summary. Studies show that the ten Wells are not req~i.r~ t’o supply wat~ to meet the City’s basic emergency needs. The well sites recommended for retention and improvement can more than adequately meet the .City’s emergency water requirements. The report recommends abandoning four well-s (Middlefield, Seale, Tower and Park Boulevard} and up~radin~ and maintaining four wells (Hale, Rinconada, Peers and Meadows}. It also reco~nds certain improvements to the two other wells (Matadero and Fernando}, after which additional, evaluation of their water Quality will be done. Based upon this evaluation a recommendation would he made to continue maintaining these two wells or to abandon them. Financial Information If the Council accepts the Report on the Condition of the City of Palo Alto Water Well System and its recommendations, the City’s Water Utility would ultimately save approximately $115,500 annually in rent charges paid to the general government and eliminate the future maintenance cost of the sites removed from the distribution system. ¯The proposed F-Y 1988-93 Capital Improvement Program includes a project entitled Well Sites Rehabilitation. A total of $109,000 (~53,000 in FY 1988-89 and $56,000 in FY 1989-90) is proposed with no fundino currently shown in the remaining three years of the CIP. The funds proposed-will be used to perform detailed en.~neering analysis of improvements required on the six wells that will remain operational and to begin the abandonment and disposition of the four other wells. Additional funds will be shown in next year’s CIP once detailed cost estimates are available. Recommendation - Staff recommends that Council" o Approve the Re,or: on the Condition of the City of Palo Alto Water Well Sys:em; and Authorize szaff to proceed with the recommendations of the Report on the Condition of the City of Palo Alto Water Well System. Res~tfu1. __.~~_~ lyj~.~~R~hmi tted, , ~,~o~or. En ~ ne~, W-G-W LIAM ZANER ~’City Manager RICHARD L. Director of Utilities CMR:267-8 E×ECUTIV~ SUMMARY This report on The Condition ~÷ Palo Alto Water Well Sy~_tem reviews the adequacy of the City’s i0 e::isting. wells.This report makes recommendation_= {or improvements to six well sites and for the abandonment and disposition o{ the remaining {our sites o The study used the 1983 O. M. Montgomery Water System Report, the 1985-1995 Water Utility Plan, Utility Department water well records, Regi ona! Water Quality Control Board Report_=, U.S. Geological Survey Seismic Reports, California Department Health Services recommendations and.Site Appraisal data from the City’s Real Estate Department tn evaluate and rank the Palo A!t~ Wel I System. The ~el i sites were eval uated and rar, ked or, - Emergency Use#ulness~ Water Quality and Land Use ~riteria. This study only considers the use ~ the pre=_ent wel! system to meet the basic emergency needs o~ the F’alo Alto re_~idents o÷ 5 Qallons per day during an extreme emer_~ency where the City Water Utility ~,ould be cut o÷÷ from the Hetch-Hetc~y system. As a result ~{ this ~tudy, made: the {o!iowing recommendations are OVERALL WELL RANKING$ AN]) RECO~ENDATION~ WELL ,:OVERALL WELL :$1TE RECOMZENDATION$ SI TE :RANKING : Hale ~~aintain and seal upper aquifers Rinconada 2 ~aintain, construct equipment enclosure Pe~rs Park 3 ~eadows 4 Park Blvd.5 ~ddle~ield 6 S~a]e 7 ~atadero B Fernando Tower i0 and connection to storm drain on Hopkin~ Ave. ~aintain, construct connections to water ©.ain and stor~ box culver~ on Park ~i¥d. ~aint~in, add e~ergency po~er, repair casing, install casing plug and replace site ~ncing Salvage equipment, seal up ~ell ~ abandon si~e Salvage equipment, seal up well ~ ~b~ndon site Sa]vage equipment, seal up wail ~ abandon sit~ Seal lower aqui~ers,,evaluate water quality, i~ water quality doesn’t improve, salvaoe equipment~ seal up ~e11 and .abandon site Sea! lower aquifers, evaluate-,ater quality, i~ water quality doesn’t improve, ~alvage equipment, seal up well and abandon site Salvag6 equipment, seal up well [ abandon site / ~::~t~ WAT~:~ FACILITY SITE LOCATIONS ~""\, .AND PRESSURE-ZONES Date:December 4, 1995 To: Subject: Honorable City Council We request that action on the Mteadows Well site be delayed until’a more extensive study is completed. We believe there is a potential for very significant liabilities for the City of Palo Alto and serious problems for adjacent homeowners The executive summary in report CMR:489:95 does not address three major concerns that both the adjacent homeowners and the Walnut Grove Homeowners Association have in regards to the Mteadows Well site. These concerns are: 1) The well has now "gone artesian;" 2) We have been told that salenium has been found in the water; 3)Numerous attempts to seal the well have failed and we doubt that it can ever be permanently be sealed; 4)Underground water from the well site has backed up against the chanel wall and is draining into Adobe Creek. (Note: these are in addition to the problems listed in CMIR:489:g5) Questions which need to be answered What techniques have been successful for long term mangement of urban wefts which "go artesian?" Where are these programs and what is their success rate? Does Utilities now consider the well "permanently" sealed? What is the probability that "doughnut" seals put in place by Maggiora Brothers Drilling, Inc. during the winter of 94-95 will hold? The first few attempts did not hold and each time a a steady flow ofwater ran down the driveway & into street drains. C3 ..PJ~b~d before meeting .~q~Received at meeting The last seal has held throughout the dry season but what will happen when the rainy season forces additional artesion pressure to the seal? If the well has been sealed by Maggiora Brothers, why does water continue to empty into Adobe Creek from an overflow pipe installed by Utilil~ies? Why does water from the well site continue to flow through flap valves, located a few feet below ground level, through the cement walls (recently installed by the SC Water District), into Adobe Creek? This is in addition to the overflow pipe. This water is visibly staining the cement walls as a result of its high iron content. What steps have been taken to seal the small drill hole which runs from the control building into the aquifer? If the future intent of the City of Palo Alto is to sell the property for housing, what steps will be taken to protect future owners from the possible dangers of living on top of a capped well which has a history of artesian activity? In the event that the City of Pato Alto sells the property and housing is pursued, what steps will be taken to protect neighboring properties if construction forces artesian water to seek outlets under adjoining properties, whether it be under existing cement slab foundations or under numerous swimming pools which currenty sit only about 5-10 feet above ground water levels? (estimate based on SC Water District report in 1992 that ground water was within 15-17 feet of the durface) Has Utilities or Staff had any communication with the SC Water District regarding the problems that the artesian effects of this well, & any proposed changes, will impact on the channel walls of Adobe Creek? Why have staff recommendations changed since1988 when the Meadows site was listed as one of 6 sites which could produce adequate water quality and supply for the City’s basic emergency needs? Cityc’OaloAlto Utilities Depm~nent January 12, 1996 Di~@ions Administration Director’s Office 415.329.w77 415.321.0651 Fax Administra~ve Services 415.329.2148 415.321.0651 Fax Customer Service Center 415.329.2161 4t5.321.0651 Fax Credit and Collection 415.329.2333 415.321.0651 Fax Engineering & Operations Assistant Director 415.496.6981 415.496.6924 Fax Engineering 415.617.3137 415.329.2608 Fax Electric 415.329.2386 415.329,2608 Fax Water-Gas-Wastewater 415.329.9_387 415.329.2608 Fax Elizabeth Indergand Member Board of Directors Walnut Grove Homeowners Association 336 Ely Place Palo Alto, California 94306 Subject:Response to December 4, 1995 Letter to Council -Meadows Well Closure Dear Mrs. Indergand: I am following up our phone conversation and responding to your letter delivered to the City Council on December 4, 1995 concerning the closure of the Meadows Well site. The questions you raised are answered individually below: F~ectric 2. 415.496.6934 415.496.6959 Fax -Water- Gas-Wastewater 415.496.6982 415.’496.6924 Fax Resource Management Resource Planning 415.329.2689 3o 415.326.1507 Fax Resource Conservation 415.329.w41 415.617.31’40 Fax The well has "gone artesian". The Meadows Well is in a confined or Artesian ground water zone. See Attachment "A" for a diagram showing the principle elements of an artesian system. Artesian flow comes from the Meadows Well after heavy rains fall in the foothills to the west of Palo Alto. The artesian flow subsides after the confined aquifer drains the artesian head from the aquifer at elevations above the elevation of the Meadows Well casing. The artesian groundwater head drains to the unconfined groundwater table under the Bay area. The groundwater table seeps into the creeks in the lower elevations. These creeks flow to the San Francisco Bay. You were told Selenium was in the well. A check of City records (since 1974) for the biannual organic water testing performed on the Meadows Well flow shows a non-detect level for Selenium except for one sample. Selenium was detected in one test in 1981 at a level of 0.003mg/1. The standard for Selenium is 0.05mg/1. The level detected in the water was 100 times less than is allowed in the well water. Numerous attempts to seal the well have failed and we doubt that the well can ever be permanently sealed. To date, the well has been sealed with pneumatic seals that could be placed in the top of the well P.O. Box 10Z50 Palo Alto, CA 94303 casing near the existing ground surface. When the well is permanently sealed in accordance with State standards, it will be sealed from the bottom of the well casing (912 feet below the surface ground elevation) to the top of the well casing, with pressure pumped concrete. The well casing will be cut off approximately 6 feet below existing ground and the excavation will be filled with soil. o Underground water from the well site has backed up against the, channel wall and is draining into Adobe Creek. The water draining into the Creek through the flap gate is water that is seeping by the temporary seal that has been placed in the well casing by Maggiora Brothers Drilling, Inc. This flow will be stopped ~vhen the well is permanently sealed. What techniques have been successful for long term management of urban wells which "go artesian?" Where are these programs and what is their success rate? Pressure grout sealing is used to seal these wells. The City has sealed four wells in the last seven years that at one time had artesian flow. The former Seale well site on Bryant Street now has a house built on the lot. There are no problems at any of these sites caused by sealing the we!ls. Does Utilities now consider the well "permanently" sealed? No, the well is temporarily sealed with pneumatic seals inside the casing near the ground surface. What is the probabili _ty that "doughnut" seals put in place by Maggiora Brothers Drilling, Inc. during the winter of 94-95 will hold? The first few attempts did not hold and each time a steady flow of water ran down the driveway and into street drains. The doughnut seals will leak due to the corroded interior surface of the Meadows well casing. These doughnut seals are temporary and will be removed to permanently seal the well with pumped concrete. The water that ran down the driveway is now being pumped into the Creek by the small jockey (sump) pump that was installed to control the water leaking past the temporary doughnut seals. The last seal has held throughout the dry. season but what will happen when the rainy season forces additional artesian pressure to the seal? These doughnut seals may leak until the well is permanently sealed. The sump pump will pump the water that leaks past the doughnut seals into the Creek. If the well has been sealed by Maggiora Brothers, why does water continue to emp .ty into Adobe Creek from an overflow pipe installed .by Utilities? The doughnut seals leak. The water that leaks past the seals is pumped into the Creek with a small jockey pump through the pipe in the Creek wall. 10. 12. Why does water from the well site continue to flow through flap valves, located a few feet below ground level, through the cement walls ...(recently installed by the SC Water District), into Adobe Creek? This is in addition to the overflow pipe. This water is visibly staining the cement walls as a result of its high iron content. This water flow is from the high ground water-table. What steps have been taken to seal the small drill hole which runs from the control building into the aquifer? This pipe will be removed when the control building foundation and top six feet of the well casing are removed. If the future intent of the City_ of Palo Alto is to sell the property, for housing, what steps will be taken to protect future owners from the, ..possible dangers of living on top of a capped well which has a history_ of artesian activity? There will be no danger on this site, after the well is sealed in accordance with State law and inspected by the Santa Clara Valley Water District. 13.In the event that the Ci.W of Palo Alto sells the property_ and housing ..iS pursued, what steps will be taken to protect neighboring properties if construction forces artesian water to seek outlets under adjoining properties, whether it be under existing cement slab foundations or under numerous swimming pools .which currently sit only about 5-10 feet above ground water levels? (estimate based on SC Water District ..report in 1992 that ground water was within 15-17 feet of the surface) After the well is properly sealed, the artesian flow will be sealed at the first confined aquifer 165 feet below the existing ground elevation on the well site. 14.Has Utilities or Staff had an, communication with the SC Water District regarding the problems that the artesian effects of this well~ and any proposed changes, will impact on the channel walls of Adobe Creek? I spoke to the SCVWD staff to ask about special requirements for sealing the Meadows well. I asked about possible problems with sealing the Meadows well and their facilities. Sealing the well will not cause any problem with the SCVWD facilities. The channel walls are designed to withstand hydraulic pressure from the groundwater table. Drain holes are constructed in the channel walls to allow the groundwater which accumulates behind the channel walls to drain into the Creek. The SCVWD will evaluate the Meadows well log and set appropriate engineered requirements for sealing the Meadows well when the licensed well contractor applies for the permit to seal the Meadows well. 15...Why have staff recommendations chan~ed since 1988 when the Meadows site was listed as one of 6 sites which could produce ...adequate water quali_ty and supply for the Cits,’s basic emergenc3, needs? State Department of Health Services rules for operating the City well system have changed. The City needs to treat the well water from City wells to remove iron and manganese, in order to operate an emergency well system. Treatment at a central location will be more efficient and cost effective. Meadows Well is not centrally located and does not produce a large volume of water. 16.Has the Department responsible for the "General Fund" and the Ci.ty Council of Palo Alto seriously evaluated their ethical and legal .responsibilities in the act of converting a probable hazardous site into ,.one to be sold for housing? The site is not hazardous. After the well site is properly sealed, the site will not present any problems for the new site owner or the adjacent property owners. The City will hire a contractor licensed by the State to properly seal the well casing. The SCVWD will issue a permit and inspect the work of the City’s contractor. The SCVWD has sealed hundreds of wells in Santa Clara County using the State approved well sealing standards. The SCVWD can supply a list of the wells they have sealed using these standards over the past few years. If you have any further questions regarding the Meadows Well sealing process, please call me at 329-2612. Thank you. Engineering Manager Water Gas Wastewater Engineering cc:City Council C. Morrison, Resident G. Eels, Resident W. Morrison, President, Walnut Grove Homeowner’s Association C. Borg, Senior Engineer, Utilities Engineering E. Mrizek, Director, Utilities L. Star, Assistant Director, Utilities Engineering/Operations ATTACHMENT A E:~koto Scndstcne Figure 15-1 Diagram.Sho~ing the Principle Elements of Two Typical Artesian Systems in the Rocky Mountain Region. [U.S.G.S.I Figure 15-2 Diagram Showing a Section of the Principal Artesian Aquifer in the Savannah, Gin, Area of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. lU.S.G.S.I