HomeMy WebLinkAboutStaff Report 2507-4993CITY OF PALO ALTO
Finance Committee
Regular Meeting
Tuesday, September 02, 2025
Agenda Item
2.Recommend City Council Direct Staff to use Proposition 26 as the Design Principle for the
Gas Cost of Service Analysis and Work with the Utilities Advisory Commission on Review
of a Recommended Gas Rate Schedule Effective by January 2026 Staff Presentation
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Finance Committee
Staff Report
From: City Manager
Report Type: ACTION ITEMS
Lead Department: Utilities
Meeting Date: September 2, 2025
Report #:2507-4993
TITLE
Recommend City Council Direct Staff to use Proposition 26 as the Design Principle for the Gas
Cost of Service Analysis and Work with the Utilities Advisory Commission on Review of a
Recommended Gas Rate Schedule Effective by January 2026
RECOMMENDATION
Staff, with support from the Utilities Advisory Commission (UAC) recommend that the Finance
Committee recommend the Council direct staff to follow the reasonable-cost analysis required
by Proposition 26, in lieu of adopting additional design principles, and that Council work with the
UAC on a recommendation to the Council on revised gas rates effective January 2026.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Article XIII C of California Constitution (often referred to as Proposition 26) requires voter
approval for municipal electric and gas rates that exceed the reasonable costs to the utility of
providing service. The City Council can adopt cost-based utility rates without voter approval.
Public agencies rely on ratemaking consultants to determine the costs of providing service and
to design rates that accurately recover those costs; this is referred to as a “cost of service
analysis”, or COSA.
As outlined during the spring 2025 discussion, one step of a routine cost of service analysis
includes a kick-off process affirming any guiding principles for the study, while always ensuring
adherence to California Proposition 26 regulations. This action forwards the UAC’s advice
recommending that Council direct staff to rely on Proposition 26 as the guiding principle for the
2026 Gas COSA with the intention to complete the necessary processes to implement new gas
rates in accordance with the new 2026 gas COSA on or around January 1, 2026.
BACKGROUND
COSAs took on greater significance for California publicly-owned utilities following the passage
of Proposition 26 in 2010. Proposition 26 added provisions to the California Constitution defining
every local government fee or charge as a tax requiring voter approval, unless one of seven
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exceptions applies.1 A rate set at a level “which does not exceed the reasonable costs to the local
government of providing the service”2 is an exception to the voter approval requirement, and
can be approved by Council. The City bears the burden to prove that a rate is not a tax, the
amount is no more than necessary to cover the reasonable costs of providing service, and the
manner in which those costs are allocated to ratepayers bears a fair or reasonable relationship
to the ratepayer’s burdens on, or benefits received from, the governmental activity.3
COSAs completed with the assistance of ratemaking consultants are designed to ensure that the
City meets its burden to set rates accurately. Staff drafted a 2025 COSA and received guidance
from the Finance Committee on May 7, 2025 through a unanimous vote (3-0) to return to the
UAC to further review the 2025 Gas COSA assumptions and principles. Additionally, Council
further directed staff through its vote on June 16, 2025 (5-1-1, Lythcott-Haims no, Stone absent)
to return to the UAC to consider the issue of a one-time climate credit along with the revised Gas
COSA.
After discussing the proposed Design Principles and considering Council’s direction to the UAC to
reconsider the 2025 Gas COSA, the UAC voted 6-1 in July to recommend:
1) relying on Proposition 26 as the design principle for the Gas COSA and
2) forming a UAC subcommittee to work with staff and the ratemaking consultant to develop
a new 2026 Gas COSA and provide regular report-outs to the UAC, with recommendations
to Council made by the full UAC.
The UAC also expressed an interest in addressing only the gas rate-making design principles at
this time.
ANALYSIS
Proposition 26 as the Gas COSA design principle
On July 9, 2025, staff proposed to the UAC4 that the UAC recommend that Council accept design
principles that would apply to both the City’s gas and electric rates5. Those principles were:
Design Principle 1: Evaluate rates to ensure they are cost-based
Design Principle 2: Evaluate rate schedules for continuation or redefinition
Design Principle 3: Determine the proper allocation of fixed and variable costs
and how those can be implemented in various rate designs
1 CA. Const. Article XIII C(1)(e).
2 CA. Const. Article XIII C(1)(e)(2).
3 CA. Const. Article XIII C(1)(e).
4 Utilities Advisory Commission Staff Report 2505-4722, July 9, 2025 meeting, Item 3,
https://cityofpaloalto.primegov.com/Portal/Meeting?meetingTemplateId=17717
5 A different constitutional provision, commonly referred to as Proposition 218, applies to the City’s water, wastewater and refuse rates, which
are deemed “property-related fees”. While property-related fees must also be cost-based to avoid the voter approval requirement, the
substantive and procedural rules for these fees differ from those applicable to electric and gas rates and are outside the scope of these rate
design principles.
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Design Principle 4: Review non-rate revenue sources that may be available for
rate discounts or rebates
Further details on these Design Principles are available in the UAC staff report 2505-4722.6 As an
additional reference, the City Council approved prior gas COSA guidelines on November 14, 2016
(Staff Report 74167).
During its July meeting, the UAC considered design principles which included some policy
preferences to guide staff and the City’s ratemaking consultants on future gas and electric COSAs
in alignment with California’s Constitutional requirements. The Commission considered whether
revising them could provide clearer guidance for staff and the ratemaking consultant in
developing the new 2026 Gas COSA. During the discussion, staff emphasized that the primary
and overriding guiding principle is Proposition 26, which requires that rates be based on cost and
does not address other policy considerations. Courts look to constitutional requirements when a
public agency’s rates are challenged and have held that rates which incentivize policy choices
must remain cost-based. Staff also noted that most cities rely on Proposition 26 alone, rather
than creating their own set of design principles.
The UAC voted 6-1 to recommend: 1) relying on Proposition 26 as the only design principle for
the Gas COSA and 2) forming a UAC subcommittee to work with staff and the ratemaking
consultant to develop the 2026 Gas COSA and provide regular report-outs to the full UAC to
ultimately support a recommendation to the City Council.
Staff with UAC support recommends the Finance Committee recommend that Council direct staff
to apply Proposition 26 as the sole design principle for the 2026 Gas COSA. Alternatively, the
Finance Committee could recommend that Council approve:
•The Design Principles proposed by staff on July 9, 2025, for both the Gas and Electric
Utilities,
•The Design Principles proposed by staff on July 9, 2025, for the Gas Utility only,
•The 2016 Gas COSA Design Principles adopted by Council, or
•Modifications to any of the above.
Tentative Timeline & UAC Review
When Council directed the UAC to review the 2025 Gas COSA, some Councilmembers expressed
an intent to complete the new COSA and implement new gas rates by early 2026. In order to
minimize the impact on the project completion date and allow for thorough development and
legal review of the proposed gas rates, staff’s estimate the fastest process possible under ideal
conditions would reflect the following; actual timing may shift depending on requested analysis:
•September/October: UAC subcommittee to review (see below for details) and provide
report outs to the full UAC verbally
6 Utilities Advisory Commission Staff Report 2505-4722, July 9, 2025 meeting, Item 3,
https://cityofpaloalto.primegov.com/Portal/Meeting?meetingTemplateId=17717
7 City Council Staff Report 7416, November 14, 2016: https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/v/1/agendas-minutes-
reports/reports/city-manager-reports-cmrs/year-archive/2016/final-staff-report-id-7416_gas-cost-of-service-and-rate-design-guidelines.pdf
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•November (week 1): UAC review and discuss proposed 2026 Gas COSA study results for
recommendation to Finance Committee and City Council
•November (week 3): Finance Committee review and discuss proposed 2026 Gas COSA
study results and rate changes for recommendation to City Council
•December: City Council review and adoption of final 2026 Gas COSA study results and rate
changes including Public Hearing
•Gas rates effective on or around January 1, 2026 depending on the complexity and
timeline necessary to implement rate changes.
The use of a UAC subcommittee8 permits a subset comprised of less than a quorum of the UAC
to engage in detailed and candid discussion with staff and the City’s ratemaking experts, followed
by verbal reports to the full UAC to facilitate discussion and recommendation to Council on the
proposed 2026 Gas COSA. During UAC Subcommittee Meetings, the subcommittee reviews draft
materials and provides input and feedback to staff and the ratemaking consultant on several key
topics. These include the design of fixed and variable customer charges, as well as an analysis of
whether to subdivide the current G-2 customer class. This analysis will explore the potential
creation of a distinct customer class comprised of multi-family master-metered customers, or
other appropriate cost-based reclassifications.
FISCAL/RESOURCE IMPACT
The work associated with this project will be absorbed using existing staff and contract budgets.
Staff may need to push back other rate-related work to later in the fiscal year. If additional
subcommittee meetings or other meetings are required, or substantive additional models and
analysis is requested during the final stages of drafting the Gas COSA report, the schedule and
cost will be impacted. This will mean the effective date of new rates will be later in 2026 and
there will be additional costs to the City of working with the expert consultants.
8 A temporary advisory committee composed solely of less than a quorum of the legislative body that serves a limited or single purpose, that is
not perpetual, and that will be dissolved once its specific task is completed is not subject to the Brown Act. (Cal. Gov. Code sec. 54952(b).)
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STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
The UAC and staff received numerous communications expressing a variety of concerns about
the gas utility. Those letters and all of the public letters to the UAC for the July 9, 2025 meeting
are available for viewing.9 Public review and feedback as part of this next process will be available
and advertised through the public review at the UAC, Finance Committee, and City Council.
10111213ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
A recommendation that Council direct staff to follow the reasonable-cost analysis required by
Proposition 26, in lieu of adopting additional design principles, and acceptance of the tentative
gas rate adoption schedule shown in Table 1 does not meet the definition of a project, under
Public Resources Code Section 21065 and CEQA Guidelines Section 15378(b)(5), because it is an
administrative governmental activity which will not cause a direct or indirect physical change in
the environment, thus no environmental review is required.
APPROVED BY: Alan Kurotori, Director of Utilities
9 Link to public letters to the UAC from the July 9, 2025 agenda: http://www.paloalto.gov/files/assets/public/v/2/agendas-minutes-
reports/agendas-minutes/utilities-advisory-commission/archived-agenda-and-minutes/agendas-and-minutes-2025/07-july/public-letters-to-
uac-7.09.25-v2.pdf
September 2, 2025 www.cityofpaloalto.org
Gas Cost of Service
Analysis Design Process
Finance Committee
2
Background
The primary and overriding guiding principle is Proposition 26, which
requires that rates be based on cost and does not address other policy
considerations.
During its July meeting, the UAC discussed staff-proposed Design Principles for the gas and electric COSAs
and voted 6-1 to recommend:
1)Relying on Proposition 26 as the design principle for the Gas COSA and
2)Forming a UAC subcommittee to work with staff and the ratemaking consultant to develop the 2026
Gas COSA and provide regular report-outs to the full UAC.
September/
October:
UAC
subcommittee
review
(provide verbal
report out to the
full UAC)
November
(week 1):
UAC review
2026 Gas COSA
study results
and rate
changes
(recommendation
to Finance
Committee)
November
(week 3):
Finance
Committee
review 2026
Gas COSA study
results and rate
changes
(recommendation
to City Council)
December:
City Council
adoption of
final 2026 Gas
COSA study
results, rate
changes, and
Public Hearing
Gas rates
effective
January 1,
2026
(on or around)
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Timeline for 2026 Gas COSA
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Recommendation
Based on a Utilities Advisory Commission (UAC) July 9, 2025 action, staff
recommends that the Finance Committee recommend that Council direct staff to
follow the reasonable cost-analysis required by Proposition 26, in-lieu of adopting
additional design principles, and accept the tentative gas rate design schedule.
Alternatives for the Finance Committee to Consider recommending to Council:
Alternative Design Principles:
1. The Design Principles proposed by staff on July 9, 2025, for both the Gas and Electric Utilities,
2. The Design Principles proposed by staff on July 9, 2025, for the Gas Utility only,
3. The 2016 Gas COSA Design Principles adopted by Council, or
4. Modifications to any of the above.
Alternative Timeline: Finance Committee could recommend a modified timeline to Council; if additional
subcommittee meetings or other meetings are required, or substantive feedback is provided during the final
stages of drafting the 2026 Gas COSA report, the schedule and cost will be impacted.