HomeMy WebLinkAboutStaff Report 2506-4783CITY OF PALO ALTO
Policy & Services Committee
Special Meeting
Monday, August 25, 2025
6:00 PM
Agenda Item
1.Discussion and recommendation to Council on prioritization of potential approaches to
address oversized vehicle (including recreational vehicle) impacts, particularly relating to
individuals living in vehicles Presentation
Policy & Services Committee
Staff Report
From: City Manager
Report Type: ACTION ITEMS
Lead Department: City Manager
Meeting Date: August 25, 2025
Report #:2506-4783
TITLE
Discussion and recommendation to Council on prioritization of potential approaches to address
oversized vehicle (including recreational vehicle) impacts, particularly relating to individuals
living in vehicles
RECOMMENDATION
Staff recommends that the Policy & Services Committee discuss and recommend Council
approval of a phased approach to addressing oversized vehicle impacts.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This item responds to the Council Priority Objective to present possible approaches to Policy &
Services Committee to address oversized vehicle (OSV) impacts, particularly relating to
individuals living in vehicles, anecdotal reports of significant increases in people living in OSVs
on City streets, and recent increases in calls and complaints relating to OSV long-term parking
and associated health and safety concerns. This report summarizes a variety of approaches to
accommodate some demand for OSV parking and related services while also increasing
regulation of OSVs. These options enable a phased approach that balances the need to
accommodate those living in vehicles with the need to manage public health, safety, and
neighborhood impacts, while also considering available resources. Potential phasing could
begin with additional regulations, street maintenance measures, and an enhanced services pilot
(e.g., mobile pump-out, garbage pick-up, and additional outreach), leading toward expanded
safe parking options and limited OSV parking on certain streets with focused regulations.
At the time of this report, the 2025 Point in Time count numbers at the city level is not yet
available by Santa Clara County. However, the 2023 Point in Time count observed 206 people
experiencing homelessness in Palo Alto, with 88% living in approximately 102 vehicles. Given
the anecdotal increases in vehicle dwellers, this report assumes a doubling of the 2023 vehicle
count.
Potential approaches for addressing homelessness impacts outlined in this report, offer
potential actions and reflect experience gained from other cities’ experiences with this
challenge. The preliminary list of ideas presented are to gain initial feedback from the
Committee. Based on the Committee and Council discussion and direction, stakeholder
engagement plans will be developed and additional fiscal analysis completed.
BACKGROUND
Homelessness is clearly one of, if not the most, vexing societal problems of our time and
impacting communities across California and the nation. The City of Palo Alto aligned its
homelessness response with the Santa Clara County Community Plan to End Homelessness
2020-2025, which the City endorsed in August 2021.1 Since then, the City has pursued a variety
of initiatives to better support housing stability including: strengthening renter protections,
enabling safe parking programs, permitting and beginning construction of the interim Homekey
shelter, and supporting affordable housing developments such as Wilton Court Apartments,
231 Grant Ave, Mitchell Park Place, and development on City-owned properties such as Lot T
downtown and 340 Portage Ave. On an ongoing basis, the City also responds to resident and
business concerns associated with the impacts of homelessness throughout Palo Alto, with a
focus on service referrals and enforcement of existing laws.
By late 2023, Council prioritized a deeper insight into the unhoused situation locally, resulting in
a 2024 Council Priority Objective to conduct a gap analysis of local housing and homelessness
services.2 The analysis, shared as an information item to Council on December 9, 2024, was
followed by a study session on February 10, 2025.3 That session included updates on service
coordination and enforcement efforts; a review of the gap analysis; an overview of suggested
community engagement next steps, including involving the Human Relations Commission; and
a Council discussion on housing production, homelessness prevention, support services, and
enforcement efforts related to health and safety, referring follow-up discussion to the Policy
and Services Committee.
1 Santa Clara County Community Plan to End Homelessness 2020-2025:
https://housingtoolkit.sccgov.org/sites/g/files/exjcpb501/files/CommunityPlan_2020.pdf ; Council Staff Report,
April 5, 2021 https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/files/assets/public/v/1/agendasminutesreports/reports/city-
manager-reports-cmrs/year-archive/2021/id-12133.pdf ; Council Action Minutes, August 9, 2021
https://cityofpaloalto.primegov.com/Public/CompiledDocument?meetingTemplateId=3354&compileOutputType=
1
2 Council Meeting, December 4, 2023 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A-2CuhXvs84; Council Staff Report,
December 9, 2024
https://cityofpaloalto.primegov.com/meetings/ItemWithTemplateType?id=6549&meetingTemplateType=2&comp
iledMeetingDocumentId=12534
3 Council Staff Report, February 10, 2025
https://cityofpaloalto.primegov.com/meetings/ItemWithTemplateType?id=6751&meetingTemplateType=2&comp
iledMeetingDocumentId=13091
Through the discussion, Council referred follow up on this topic to the Policy & Services
Committee with focus on a few key areas from the February Council study session discussion.
The discussion also informed two 2025 Council Priority Objectives:7
Present options to address homelessness impacts, particularly relating to individuals
living in vehicles, to Policy & Services Committee for prioritization. Identify feasible (1)
regulatory approaches to manage the use of public space and (2) policy solutions to
expand RV safe parking. Present options to Policy & Services for consideration and
prioritization.
Organize an initial review of sources and methods to raise funding to support new
affordable housing production for future evaluation. Conduct research to identify and
evaluate sources and methods. Work with the Finance Committee to develop
recommendations for City Council.
This staff report responds to the first Council Priority Objective. The second Objective, once
staff has identified and evaluated sources and methods, will be referred to Finance Committee.
Following the study session and adoption of the 2025 Council Priority Objectives, staff
presented the gap analysis on June 12, 20258 to the Human Relations Commission for
discussion and input relating to housing and services for the unhoused. Two commissioners
called for more housing in general and more senior housing, specifically. Individual
commissioners (this was not an action item) supported a variety of ideas, including:
Adding safe parking, particularly for RVs;
Increasing incentives for below market rate (BMR) housing;
Making it easier to build (e.g., streamlining the process);
Addressing family homelessness, perhaps through hotel vouchers or building tiny
homes;
Improving the quality of shelters;
Continuing progress with renter protections; and
More aggressively pursuing partnerships with the tech industry for a variety of
things including providing communications access to people experiencing
homeless (e.g., cell phones, wi-fi, etc.).
7 Council Staff Report, May 5, 2025
https://cityofpaloalto.primegov.com/meetings/ItemWithTemplateType?id=7767&meetingTemplateType=2&comp
iledMeetingDocumentId=14271
8 Human Relations Commission Staff Report, June 12, 2025
https://cityofpaloalto.primegov.com/meetings/ItemWithTemplateType?id=8147&meetingTemplateType=2&comp
iledMeetingDocumentId=14739
ANALYSIS
The 2023 Point in Time (PIT)11 count observed 206 people experiencing homelessness in Palo
Alto, with 88% living in a vehicle (those individuals lived within 102 vehicles). This differs from
the 32% countywide unhoused population living in vehicles. More recently, service providers
and City staff have reported a significant increase in people living in vehicles in Palo Alto. At the
time of this report, the 2025 PIT count numbers at the city level were not yet available. The
County has indicated they will be sharing the city level 2025 PIT numbers in late summer. Given
the anecdotal increases in vehicle dwellers, this report assumes a doubling of the 2023 vehicle
count.
The increasing numbers of people living in vehicles on public streets presents a health and
safety challenge which leads to an increased demand for off-street safe parking, outreach
services, street cleaning, and waste disposal. The City received calls and complaints relating to
the long-term parking of oversized vehicles (OSVs), personal property obstructing the streets
and sidewalks, and improper disposal of human waste. The City Manager’s Office has noted a
sharp increase in these complaints beginning in Spring 2025.
The remainder of this report provides a discussion of potential approaches for addressing
homelessness impacts, looking at potential actions to (1) mitigate impacts of accommodating
some demand, (2) increase regulation where impacts occur and avoiding impacts elsewhere,
and (3) combine options into a potential phased approach that recognizes implementation
timelines and the complexity of this issue. These options reflect experience gained from other
cities’ experiences with this challenge, and a summary of some other cities’ experiences are
provided in Attachment A. Please note, this is a preliminary list of ideas for the Committee’s
discussion and feedback. Staff has not yet conducted outreach to community stakeholders on
these ideas.
State Law and Local Parking Regulations Relating to Oversized Vehicles
In California, the state legislature has exerted preemptive authority over vehicle
movement and parking regulations. Cities, including charter cities, are permitted to adopt local
laws regulating parking only to the extent authorized by state law. City regulations must also
comply with requirements arising from the U.S. Constitution.
In general, vehicle parking is available in the public right of way where: (a) parking is not
prohibited; and (b) vehicles can be parked without blocking an active lane of traffic, fire-safety
hydrants, driveways, and for other reasons set forth in state law. These general rules apply
equally to parking of oversized vehicles, unless a local jurisdiction adopts parking restrictions for
OSVs, which the state Vehicle Code allows.
11 The PIT count is conducted every two years in Santa Clara County.
The Palo Alto Municipal Code includes one provision regulating OSV parking: a prohibition on
parking of OSVs in residential and public facility zones between 2am and 6am. However, while
the Code states this regulation is enforceable regardless of signage, preemptive state law bars
enforcement without adequate signage to inform parkers of the restrictions. (Note: as a
practical matter, to date, it is not common that OSVs attempt to park in residential zones.)
State law authorizes local jurisdictions to regulate parking in a variety of specific ways. One area
of interest is the “72-hour” rule. State law allows cities to adopt a local ordinance authorizing
removal of a vehicle that has been parked in the same place for more than 72 hours. Palo Alto
has adopted such an ordinance. Prior to removing a vehicle, the ordinance requires City staff to
affix a notice to the vehicle advising that the vehicle will be removed for violation of the
ordinance after 72 hours unless it is moved at least five tenths of a mile. (This notice procedure
satisfies federal due process requirements.) If the vehicle is moved, there is nothing in state or
local law that prevents the owner from re-parking in the same location.
In general, parking regulations are enforced through citations and fines. In some circumstances
defined in state law, vehicles are also subject to being towed, but towing is a seizure of
property, which implicates the Fourth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. Courts have ruled
that a judicial warrant is required to tow a vehicle unless the tow is justified under the
judicially-defined “community caretaking doctrine.” That doctrine authorizes towing vehicles
that jeopardize public safety and the efficient movement of vehicular traffic or to keep the
vehicle from being a target for vandalism or theft. In many cases, towing also requires
individualized notice and an opportunity to remedy the violation.
Potential Actions to Accommodate Some Demand
A. Expand Safe Parking at Baylands Athletic Center (or Other Dedicated Parkland)
The Baylands Athletic Center and surrounding area is currently dedicated parkland. Providing
additional safe parking near the City’s current Geng Road site would require “undedication” of
space that is currently dedicated parkland. Potential spaces to consider for undedication would
be the (A) the batting cage area, or (B) the land facing the current safe parking site on the other
side of Geng Road, or (C) the baseball field, as shown in Figure 1 below. Undedicating any of
these areas would require a vote of the electorate. This change would provide additional spaces
for safe parking, facilitate the provision of services to those living in their vehicles, and reduce
the number of vehicles parked on public streets. It would, however, only accommodate a
fraction of the oversized vehicles currently occupying public streets around the city.
Figure 1, Baylands Athletic Field space, showing (A) batting cages, (B) land facing current safe parking, and (C) baseball field.
Implementation Considerations
This change would require analysis under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), as
well as the work needed to convert the space to a safe parking site (e.g., grading, plumbing,
electrical, etc.). The land facing the current safe parking site (area B in Figure 1), would need to
be surveyed for sensitive species and habitat.
Converting the athletic field to a safe parking site could impact other uses of area C such as
baseball field use and staging and space for events held at the site (e.g., the annual Moonlight
Run). Converting and running the site would require both City funding and support from Santa
Clara County and non-profit partners. Any of the proposed portions in or around the Baylands
Athletic Center could likely support 10-20 safe parking spaces. Use of any of this area for safe
parking could limit future opportunities for habitat restoration or recreational uses.
C
A B
Resource Impact
Resources required include the cost of putting an item on the ballot, plus site preparation and
operational costs. For the 2026 ballot, costs are forecast to be approximately $100,000 for a
single ballot measure (e.g., base charges, printing, legal publication/notice, analysis). The recent
safe parking expansion, adding 10 RV spaces, cost roughly $270,000 annually, covering staffing
(e.g., facilities management, case management, outreach), utilities, portable restrooms and
sinks, and administrative costs. Assuming approximately 14,000 square feet of space needed to
accommodate 10 additional oversized vehicles (OSVs), site prep costs for clearing vegetation,
grading, paving, and striping would be approximately $600,000.13 With federal funding cuts for
housing and homelessness, the County does not have additional resources to contribute.
Overall, staff estimates that the minimum cost would be $1,000,000 in the first year, which
would include election costs, site preparation, and operations. Ongoing, the annual cost is
estimated to be similar to the recent safe parking expansion amount of $270,000 annually.
B. Safe Parking on Privately-Owned Commercial Lots
The City could allow safe parking sites on privately-owned commercial property. Allowing this
use of commercial property would likely require an amendment to the City’s zoning code. It
would require analysis under CEQA, with issues that will be site-specific. The City could then
enter into a lease with the property owner for safe parking operations.
Implementation Considerations
This approach is in the Planning and Development Services Department long-term workplan
(forecasted for 2026) but is not currently resourced given no currently identified site. It would
require a private property owner willing to lease land to the City for this purpose, and to date
no property owner has come forward. Should a willing property owner come forward, staff
would need to reprioritize other work to advance this option.
Resource Impact
The impact would vary depending on the existing onsite amenities (e.g., utilities, buildings,
restrooms, etc.), versus anything that would need to be brought in. As mentioned above, the
recent safe parking expansion cost roughly $270,000 annually for 10 additional RV spaces at a
site with existing amenities (i.e., onsite showers, restrooms, kitchen, fencing, office space, etc.).
The cost of a lease with a property owner is unknown.
13 The expansion area for 2000 Geng Road Safe Parking measures approximately 113 feet by 118 feet or 13,334
square feet and can accommodate 10 oversize vehicles, together with sufficient portable toilets, sink, and trash
receptacles. The cost estimate is preliminary and includes paving costs and contingencies for design, testing and
stormwater treatment as the area is over the 5,000 square foot requirement.
C. Expand Congregation-Based Safe Parking Program
In January 2024, Council made permanent the City’s Congregation-Based Safe Parking
Program,15 including regulations allowing for up to eight (8) vehicles overnight. Staff could
explore feasibility of and interest in expanding the congregation-based program to allow
vehicles to stay 24 hours and/or to consider allowing some number of OSVs.
Implementation Considerations
While the City does not prohibit OSVs from the existing congregation-based program, the safe
parking program operator has noted these sites are not ideal for OSVs because the daily
movement required with the existing operation hours would be difficult for OSVs. An
exploration of adding OSVs to these sites and extending the program from overnight to 24-hour
parking would involve outreach to congregations and neighbors.
Resource Impact
Researching and developing this policy change would require staff time and reprioritizing other
work.
D. Increased Cleaning and Street Sweeping on Selected Streets
Streets impacted by OSVs often need more frequent and thorough cleaning and maintenance
than other streets. This could include streets where OSVs are currently observed, including:
Embarcadero Way, Embarcadero Road east of Highway 101, Faber Place, Elwell Court,
Corporation Way, East Meadow Circle, Fabian Way, Park Boulevard, Sheridan Avenue, Portage
Avenue, Ash Street, Commercial Street, Transport Street, and Industrial Avenue. Regular street
sweeping can mitigate some of the impacts associated with long-term inhabited OSV parking on
streets (e.g., refuse in the storm drain system).
The Vehicle Code authorizes cities to establish and enforce parking restrictions to facilitate
thorough street sweeping.
Implementation Considerations
Parking restrictions to support street sweeping would prohibit all parking on the designated
streets during sweeping hours, and as such street sweeping regulations may incentivize OSV
owners to park elsewhere. This could include areas more sensitive to associated impacts, such
as retail districts or residential neighborhoods.
15 City Council Staff Report, January 16, 2024,
https://cityofpaloalto.primegov.com/meetings/ItemWithTemplateType?id=3827&meetingTemplateType=2&comp
iledMeetingDocumentId=8890
To mitigate storm drain impacts, the City could install filter fabric17 at each storm drain location
to deter biohazards from entering storm drains. After OSVs relocate or move, staff have
observed large amounts of debris left behind, including fluid spills and biohazards. This requires
not only street sweeping, but a team and special equipment to address the biohazard elements
of the cleanup.
Resource Impact
The City would incur the cost of signage and increased sweeping and any required road
cleanup. Staff estimates signage would cost approximately $70,000 if installed along the
aforementioned segments of the 14 streets where OSVs are currently clustered.18 When OSVs
have been parking in a particular area for an extended period, it often requires additional
cleanup of abandoned items, spilled liquids, biohazards, etc. This type of street cleanup would
require the dispatch of workers for 4-8 hours from each worker, depending on the situation, at
a cost between $2,000 - $4,000 (4 or 8 hours, at $100/hour), plus a debris dumping fee. To
increase roadway sweeping to remove debris with a street sweeper would not trigger by itself a
significant cost increase.19 As an example, if street sweeping increased to weekly, year-round
only on the street segments where OSVs are currently clustered (i.e., Embarcadero Way,
Embarcadero Road east of Highway 101, Faber Place, Elwell Court, Corporation Way, East
Meadow Circle, Fabian Way, Park Boulevard, Sheridan Avenue, Portage Avenue, Ash Street,
Commercial Street, Transport Street, and Industrial Avenue), the annual cost increase would be
approximately $11,000. Enforcement of this regulation is anticipated to create a minimal
workload increase for existing Police Department parking enforcement personnel and a
minimal increase in annual towing expenses. However, if Council adopts multiple measures
requiring additional parking enforcement, cumulatively, that would require an additional 0.5
FTE at an approximate cost of $50,000-$75,000 in parking enforcement, and additional towing
17 Filter fabric would not prevent liquids from entering the system and can cause local ponding and flooding if not
removed before rains.
18 This estimate assumes signs along the 14 aforementioned street segments where OSVs are currently clustered
and approximately 1 sign/150 feet.
19 The City’s current street sweeping contractor sweeps residential streets once a week during Leaf Season
(October – February), and once every two weeks during non-Leaf Season (February – October). If the City
increased sweeping frequency, such as changing the “once every two weeks during non-Leaf Season” to once a
week so that all residential streets are swept weekly year-round, then there will be an ongoing additional cost of
approximately $85 per curb mile.
expenses of approximately $50,000-$100,000. Overall, this strategy is estimated to cost
$165,000-250,000 the first year.23
E. Enhance Services Relating to Inhabited OSVs
The ongoing presence of inhabited OSVs generates impacts that the City may wish to further
address with enhanced services, such as conducting outreach to people experiencing
homelessness, particularly those inhabiting OSVs, providing garbage pick-up and mobile pump-
outs to OSVs combined with the expanded street sweeping and storm drain maintenance
described above. Other concepts such as setting up an OSV “buy back” program could also be
explored. This could help increase the effectiveness of outreach and mitigate some of the
impacts associated with long-term inhabited OSV parking (e.g., personal property obstructing
the street, debris buildup in storm drains, improper human waste disposal).
Allocating additional resources to outreach and cleanup services could help mitigate the
impacts of inhabited OSVs without requiring significant additional regulatory action or could be
paired with additional regulation to mitigate impacts from OSV parking. This approach could be
combined with an increase in enforcement of existing regulations, such as prohibitions on
illegal dumping.
Implementation Considerations
Vehicle dwellers are often harder to contact, take longer to establish trust with service
providers, and are frequently reticent to “give up” the flexibility, autonomy, and perceived
security of a private vehicle for the commitment to program rules and reduced privacy
associated with shelters. Currently, the City has a contract for two (2) outreach workers, with
some flex scheduling available, primarily operating Monday through Friday during the daytime.
Having enough outreach workers to cover weekends, evenings, and early mornings will increase
the likelihood of successful contact, which is the first step towards establishing trust.
To address the reluctance of leaving a vehicle for a shelter, the City could follow the example of
other Bay Area cities (i.e., Berkeley and San Francisco) in offering a small stipend for those
willing to accept shelter and relinquish their OSVs. However, buyback programs are an untested
novel approach and their efficacy and full costs are not yet known. Overall, it will be difficult to
identify funding for additional resources given fiscal constraints.
To provide garbage pick-up, the City could identify a dedicated location for disposing of OSV
waste or an existing facility with a refuse enclosure and container capacity for additional
23 Since it is likely initial efforts will require the additional street cleanup in a more intensive manner and decrease
as street sweeping assumes a regular rhythm, this estimate assumes $2,000/$4,000 cleanup (minimum/maximum)
on each of 14 streets 3 times ($81,000/$168,000) plus $70,000 in signage costs and $11,000 for weekly street
sweeping.
disposal volume. Staff does not recommend placing additional public waste containers because
of the potential to encourage illegal dumping.
A handful of jurisdictions in the west have attempted to provide pump-out services to OSVs,
with varying degrees of success. Two recent examples are Long Beach, CA and Portland, OR.
Long Beach provided a pump-out location during weekdays and had very little uptake or use.
Portland started with a regular route on a weekly basis and then added some “by-request”
responses and served more than 4,000 OSVs in the first several years of the program. Mountain
View also piloted a three-week pump-out program in 2018, at two locations and two times, one
afternoon/evening on Tuesdays, the other midday on Saturdays, which served 18 OSVs a total
of 33 times.25
Resource Impact
Currently, the City pays approximately $66/hour (per outreach worker) for 2 FTEs and $99/hour
for a 0.1 FTE manager, operating on a Monday – Friday day shift schedule, totaling $256,000
annually. Funding for the outreach pilot is provided through a combination of State Permanent
Local Housing Allocation (PLHA) entitlement funds, City General Fund contributions and
financial support from Stanford University.
In terms of the cost of a buyback program, the City of Berkeley allocated $150,000 towards a
buyback pilot, with early results indicating 20 of 21 OSV occupants accepting a cash offer for
their OSV in exchange for moving into interim housing.26
As mentioned above, additional street sweeping and cleanup has a range of costs from an as-
needed basis at several thousand dollars an instance to weekly, street sweeping, which would
cost approximately $165,000-250,000 the first year, assuming the 14 street segments where
OSVs are currently clustered.
In terms of pump out costs, this would require more research for accurate, up-to-date
estimates. At the time of this report, staff was able to learn the cost of both the Portland
program at $805,000 for July 2021 through June 2025 (approximately $22,361/month), and the
Mountain View pilot at $29,000 for January through April 2018 (approximately $7,250/month).
For Mountain View, the per service cost, exclusive of staff costs, was $391.
25 Mountain View City Council Report, May 15, 2018
https://mountainview.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=3501450&GUID=FEBF512E-C985-4BD6-B35F-
302756729DC5
26 https://berkeleyca.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2025-04-
15%20Item%2004%20%20Contract%20University%20of%20California.pdf
Potential Actions to Increase Regulation29
Some of the potential actions listed below involve new parking regulations. Most parking
regulations require signage. In general, comprehensive citywide regulations typically require
signage throughout the City. In some cases, however, it may be possible for the City to use
temporary signage or individualized notices. Also, depending on the strategy selected, it may be
possible to install signage in targeted areas or to approach a comprehensive signage program
through a phased approach. For the Committee’s understanding, full implementation of a
citywide parking regulation would require significant resources for signage as well as
enforcement. More details are below.
Signage Cost Considerations (relevant for any citywide regulation approaches)
The estimated cost to install new signs for a new citywide regulation would be hundreds of
thousands of dollars. For context, in 2020, the City of Mountain View spent $980,00030 one-
time cost on signage to implement their OSV parking ordinances.
For Palo Alto, costs would vary but at minimum, assuming two signs and posts per side, per
block it would cost $1,200 per block in-house ($800 labor, $400 materials) and $1,900 per block
if contracted out. If signage is required on all Palo Alto blocks, the City would need to add 2.0
FTE in Public Works working full-time on this work for approximately five (5) years.31
Additionally, if deploying signage on all city blocks, this would require significant staff time from
the Office of Transportation including an additional 1.0 FTE or the re-allocation of traffic
engineering staff from other duties (such as signal timing and capital projects) to design and
direct field staff for sign installations citywide for the duration of the implementation time
period. The costs associated with traffic review and permitting for a more narrowly defined
approach could be on the order of $300,000 and/or equivalent opportunity costs associated
with diversion from other City projects and essential City services. For context, in 2020, the City
of Mountain View dedicated 9 to 12 months of work for more than two (2) traffic engineers
who reviewed, permitted and issued work orders to implement their OSV parking ordinance.
29 In some cases, California cities that have adopted one or more of the listed regulatory actions have been sued by
advocates for the unhoused, resulting in legal costs. Potential legal fees and costs are not included in the resource
impact sections that follow.
30 Number not adjusted for inflation nor construction cost increases over time.
https://mountainview.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=4712008&GUID=B91F5618-049D-44E7-9BA9-
966071A60D1C&Options=&Search=
31This estimate assumes approximately 2,200 blocks in the City and 2 signs per side per block. For in-house staff,
fabrication and installation of signs and posts at each location, would be approximately $800 per block for field
staff labor plus $400 for materials, or $2.65 million for the approximately 2,200 blocks in the City and take over 20
years to complete. If signage will be installed throughout the City it would equate to approximately 8,800 signs. To
install this signage, the City would need an additional 2 FTE, working full time, for approximately five years. If the
work is outsourced to a contractor, the work would cost approximately $4 million31. To install both signs and posts
would costs $4 million (8,800 x $475).
Staff also anticipates an impact on Utility Locators during the implementation period for the
Locators to verify each sign location for utility conflicts. Once all the signs have been installed
throughout the City, ongoing maintenance requiring 2.0 FTE to fabricate and replace signs will
be needed. The maintenance timeframe begins soon after installation.
Parking Enforcement Cost Considerations
Enforcement of a citywide parking regulation likely would create a significant parking
enforcement workload increase, requiring an additional 1-2 FTE parking enforcement officers.
The approximate annual cost of 1-2 FTE parking enforcement officers (in house or contracted
enforcement services) is $125,000-$250,000. Beyond enforcement personnel, any citywide
parking regulation that results in additional towing expenses, could add costs ranging from
approximately $50,000-$100,000 annually.
The cost information above is relevant to some of the approaches described below.
F. Prohibit Renting of Public Parking Spaces
Staff have determined that some of the occupied OSVs parked on city streets are owned by
“vanlords” purporting to rent vehicles for habitation. Staff could develop an ordinance
prohibiting the renting of vehicles for habitation on public streets or otherwise purporting to
rent space in the public right of way. Such a prohibition would prohibit private profit-taking
from use of a public resource (on-street parking spaces) and discourage vanlords who take
advantage of vulnerable populations by charging rent while failing to provide the infrastructure
necessary for human habitation. This prohibition would be enforced against the vanlord, not
the renter, and penalties could include a fine assessed per day of violation.
Other cities are seeing vanlording proliferate and are working to crack down on the practice.
While San Francisco does not have any laws regulating vanlords specifically, the municipal
police code does forbid leases, rental agreements, or contracts of any kind for the use of any
sidewalk or street enforceable by citations up to $300 per violation. Los Angeles is currently
considering an ordinance aimed specifically at vanlords, and San José recently adopted one.35
Implementation Considerations
Identifying a vanlord can be challenging. In the past, the City has relied on information from the
RV renters, but renters will be disincentivized from helping the City identify their vanlords if the
City starts enforcing a ban on the practice. Enforcement will likely rely on complaints.
35 San Jose’s vanlording ordinance is available here:
https://library.municode.com/ca/san_jose/ordinances/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=1363727
Resource Impact
Enforcement of a vanlord ban would require minimal staff resources, primarily in the Police
Department and City Attorney’s Office. Enforcement would involve collecting evidence that a
violation is occurring, both online and in the field. Once staff determine a violation is likely
occurring, the City would need to locate the vanlord, issue a warning or fine, and then collect
on the fine. If the vehicle is inhabited, staff would determine what resources can be offered to
those living there.
G. Prohibit Storage of Detached Trailers/Inoperable Vehicles on Public Streets
A frequently cited source of concern from community members are detached trailers, that are
clearly unable to move therefore essentially being stored or stationary on city streets. The City
could adopt an ordinance prohibiting placement of nonmotorized or inoperable conveyances
(such as camper shells and trailers) on the public right-of-way, or limiting parking to a maximum
duration such as 1-2 hours. This would reduce the use of public parking spaces for storage of
non-vehicles that are unable to move under their own power (e.g., to comply with the 72-hour
parking limit).37
Implementation Considerations
A prohibition on parking non-motorized or inoperable conveyances would apply equally to all
such conveyances, whether inhabited or not. Signage is required for enforcement as discussed
earlier, and installation priorities will need to be established likely starting with areas impacted
by detached trailer parking.
Resource Impact
Sign installation will require Transportation and Public Works staff resources similar to other
options discussed. Enforcing this prohibition is anticipated to create a minimal increase in
workload for existing police department parking enforcement personnel and a minimal increase
in annual towing expenses; however, if multiple measures requiring additional parking
enforcement are adopted, they are expected to, cumulatively, require an additional 0.5 FTE at
an approximate cost of $50,000-$75,000, and additional towing expenses of approximately
$50,000-$100,000.
37 The zoning code (Title 18) includes a prohibition on storing or parking non-operable conveyances on private
property, except where screened from neighbors. This provision is enforced by Code Enforcement through
issuance of warnings, administrative citations, and fines. For non-operable conveyances on public streets, staff
recommends adoption of a new ordinance specifically addressing use of public parking spaces, enforceable by the
Police Department or Office of Transportation.
H. Limit Oversized Vehicle Parking to Certain Streets with Focused Regulations
The City could consider limiting OSV parking to certain designated streets by prohibiting or
limiting it on all other streets (for example, through an overnight parking ban) similar to
Mountain View. This would effectively formalize locations where OSVs are allowed to park by
limiting OSV parking on other streets, such as commercial zones where not already restricted.39
Designating streets where inhabited OSVs are allowed could facilitate effective management of
the associated public health and sanitation impacts. This approach could be coupled with
increased services (i.e., street sweeping, trash pickup, other safety measures) for the streets on
which OSV parking is allowed. Focused parking regulation such as street sweeping and red
curbs at intersections and driveways could also be included.
City staff has observed that there are current OSV clusters on particular streets including:
Embarcadero Way, Embarcadero Road east of Highway 101, Faber Place, Elwell Court,
Corporation Way, East Meadow Circle, Fabian Way, Park Boulevard, Sheridan Avenue, Portage
Avenue, Ash Street, Commercial Street, Transport Street, and Industrial Avenue. These street
segments are not adjacent to residential or schools; however, the City has received complaints
regarding impacts to adjacent businesses. The City would need to conduct a process to identify
the streets where OSV would be allowed if this approach is pursued.
As an example for illustration, preliminary analysis indicates that the existing streets with OSV
clusters have enough capacity for the on-street parking of the estimated 200 OSVs currently in
Palo Alto, albeit with impacts to the availability of on-street parking for other users and other
localized impacts arising from habitation on public right of ways that are not designed to
support ongoing activities of living.40
Implementation Considerations
This approach would require a comprehensive plan identifying areas where OSVs may and may
not park, not an ad hoc street-by-street ban. On streets where OSV parking is permitted, to
maintain cleanliness, the City could institute weekly street sweeping and, to ensure that
vehicles are not stored or abandoned and to maintain equitable access to public parking spaces,
the City could continue enforcement of the 72-hour parking rule. The City may also establish a
process for adding or removing streets from the list in the future.
Resource Impact
As mentioned in the note at the beginning of this section, any citywide parking regulation
would require significant resources for signage and enforcement, although a targeted or
39 The municipal code already prohibits OSV parking in residential and public facilities zones. However, to enforce
the provision, state law requires local jurisdictions to install signs adequately informing parkers of the restriction.
40 Analysis assumptions include OSV length of 30’, 5’ distance between vehicles, driveway clearance of 10’,
intersection clearance of 20’, hydrant clearance of 15’ and 300’ hydrant spacing.
phased approach may be available. Resources required for services (e.g., street sweeping,
outreach, etc.) as described earlier.
I. Prohibit Oversized Vehicles on Specific Streets
The City could consider banning oversized vehicles on streets that meet certain conditions (e.g.,
highly impacted blocks, narrow widths, etc.) on a street-by-street basis.
Implementation Considerations
This approach would likely create a cycle of escalating restrictions and is therefore not
recommended unless accompanied by designating other streets as previously described. Street-
by-street prohibitions alone would have the unintended consequence of relocating OSV parking
to other streets. This would likely trigger a cycle of requests for bans on other streets.
Resource Impact
Depending on the number of streets marked for no OSV parking, this approach would require
resources for signage and enforcement. At this time, to add signage to the existing streets
where OSVs tend to park, staff estimates it would cost approximately $70,000.43
J. Prohibit Oversized Vehicle Parking Throughout the City
The Vehicle Code authorizes local jurisdictions to adopt restrictions on OSV parking, which
could, in theory, include a comprehensive prohibition on parking OSVs throughout the City. In
some cases, cities that have passed comprehensive parking regulations that are perceived to
restrict the ability of the unhoused to remain in the jurisdiction, or that have the practical effect
of doing so, have drawn lawsuits from advocates supporting the unhoused. Most of these
jurisdictions have lost or settled these suits. Those cities include Mountain View, Pacifica, San
Diego, and others. Other cities, including Berkeley and Sebastopol, are currently defending
ongoing lawsuits from the vehicularly housed and their advocates. Typically, these lawsuits
begin with a temporary injunction or agreement to toll enforcement, both of which put
enforcement of the challenged ordinances on hold while litigation is underway. Where
advocates prevail in court or where settlements were agreed to, regulations were either wholly
invalidated or significantly modified. Attachment A provides additional information on specific
cities’ experiences.
43 The estimate analyzed the 14 streets where OSVs are currently clustered, focusing on the segments of those
streets where OSVs park. Given those parameters, the combined street length is approximately 12,000 linear feet
and assuming one sign per 150 feet and $300/sign.
Recommended Phased Approach
Staff compiled information on a variety of approaches which are summarized in the previous
subsections. Given the range of possible approaches, staff has put together a sequence of
actions for the Committee’s consideration to accommodate some OSV parking demand while
increasing regulation to manage impacts. This sequence considers current resources,
effectiveness, scalability, and the estimated timing needed for some of the approaches. Of
note, the sequence below does not include further exploration of the citywide OSV ban nor the
‘prohibit OSVs on specific streets’ approach given the considerations shared in those
subsections above.
It should also be noted that this sequence would require redeploying staff from other work,
impacting other Council priorities.
Phase 1: Upon Council approval, staff would:
- Develop an ordinance to prohibit parking of detached/inoperable vehicles on public
streets,
- Develop an ordinance to prohibit the renting of public parking spaces (“vanlording”),
- Refine the scope and begin implementation of additional street cleanups and sweeping,
- Return to Council for approvals of ordinances and contract amendments (e.g., street
sweeping) as soon as possible, estimated to require up to four (4) months, and
- Implementation and enforcement of these actions would follow.
Phase 2: Concurrent of Phase 1 implementation, staff would initiate work on:
- Design a small-scale enhanced services pilot (e.g., mobile pump outs, additional
outreach workers/hours, garbage pickup, etc.),
- Return to Council for direction on a preferred option for expanded safe parking, and
- Begin exploration of the “limiting OSV parking to certain streets” approach, including
determining a process and criteria for designating streets where OSV parking might be
permitted, with appropriate community engagement.
Phase 3: Following the completion of related components in Phase 2, Council would:
- Approve pilot and any related contracts and agreements for small-scale enhanced
services pilot,
- Approve a preferred option for expanded safe parking,
-Identify streets where OSV parking will be allowed and develop necessary ordinances
and program design for “limiting OSV parking to certain streets” approach, and
- Implementation of these actions would follow.
Phase 4: Following the completion of related components in Phase 3, staff would:
- Evaluate the enhanced services pilot,
- Pursue implementation of expanded safe parking, and
- Obtain related Council approvals for “limiting OSV parking to certain streets” and begin
enforcing new approach.
Implementation Considerations
The phasing would require ongoing, significant work over the course of several years, the near-
term addition of at least 1 FTE staff position at an approximate cost of $104,000-$156,000 to
assist in the associated complex funding, administration, and reporting needs, and likely require
reprioritizing of some other assignments. However, this begins with the easier to implement
actions and gradually progresses to the more complex and expensive, employing actions to
both accommodate demand and regulate parking. In this way it is also responsive to the varied
community perspectives (e.g., the needs of unhoused neighbors, the needs of housed
neighbors, the shared use of public space, etc.).
Table 1
POTENTIAL APPROACH IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS RESOURCE
Potential Actions to Accommodate Some Demand
A. Expand safe parking at
Baylands Athletic
Center
Impact other uses of area
Adds approximately 10-20 safe parking spaces
Limits future opportunities for habitat restoration or
recreational uses
$$$
B. Allow safe parking on
privately owned
commercial lot
Not currently staff resourced
No identified private property owner willing to lease
$$
C. Expand congregation-
based safe parking
May not be ideal because daily movement is difficult
for OSVs.
Changing operations to 24-hours would require
neighbor outreach and consideration of feedback
received.
$
D. Increased cleaning
and street sweeping
on selected streets
Impacts all vehicles parking on street
Could displace OSVs to areas more sensitive to impacts
$$
E.Enhance services, with
or without new
regulations
Increased outreach worker staffing to cover
evenings/weekends
Buyback program efficacy and cost not known
Pump-out likely uptake and costs not known
$$-$$$*45
Potential Actions to Increase Regulation
F. Prohibit renting of
public parking spaces
Identifying/investigating ‘vanlords’ can be difficult $
G. Prohibit storage of
detached trailers/
inoperable vehicles on
public streets
Applies equally to all vehicles $
H. Limit OSVs to certain
streets
Identifying adequate parking locations for OSVs $-$$$
*I. Prohibit OSVs on
certain streets
May lead to escalating restrictions
Could displace OSVs to areas more sensitive to impacts
$-$$$
*J. Prohibit OSVs citywide See litigation description above $$$
Phased Approach
Phased Approach Combines above, with the exception of the *asterisked
approaches.
$-$$$
*Not recommended in the phased approach.
$ ≤50,000 $$ 51,000-400,000 $$$ ≥400,000
$-$$$ Scales over time, increasing resource impacts as various actions are implemented.
45 Depending on the scale and type of services selected.
FISCAL/RESOURCE IMPACT
As discussed in this report, each potential approach has an estimated fiscal impact. Overall
based on the options presented it should be anticipated that this effort will require City funding
in excess of one million dollars annually and a significant ongoing staff allocation for the
foreseeable future. Funding sources for these impacts have not been identified, however,
significant General Fund allocation should be expected. Staff will also research and evaluate
funding options based on the Committee discussion (e.g., funding for additional staff, grant
funding and/or entitlement opportunities). Implementing the options described will also impact
other Council priorities. At this time, no resources are required to support the Committee
discussion outlined in this report.
Beyond the immediate steps described in this report, a comprehensive strategy to address
homelessness in our community will require available housing for the unhoused individuals
being assisted. While beyond the scope of this report, this longer term effort should be
recognized.
STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT
As mentioned elsewhere in this report, staff has not yet conducted outreach to housed or
unhoused residents, affected property or business owners, or other stakeholders on these
ideas. Based on the Committee and Council discussion and direction, stakeholder engagement
plans will be developed.
ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW
Council action on this item is not a project as defined by the California Environmental Quality
Act (CEQA). CEQA Guidelines section 15378(b)(2).
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment A: Summary of Other Cities’ Experiences
APPROVED BY:
Ed Shikada, City Manager
CITY OF PALO ALTO | 250 HAMILTON AVENUE, PALO ALTO, CA. 94301 | 650-329-2100
Attachment A: Summary of Other Cities’ Experiences
The following is a summary of other cities’ experiences addressing homelessness impacts
relating to people living in vehicles.
Mountain View
In 2019, the City of Mountain View adopted two oversize vehicle parking ordinances: the
“Narrow Streets Ordinance” prohibited parking an oversized vehicle (OSV) on streets less than
40 feet wide, and the “Bike Lanes Ordinance” prohibited parking an OSV on streets with Class II
bikeways (i.e., striped, separate bike lanes adjacent to the outer lanes of traffic). A violation of
either ordinance could result in a ticket and/or towing at the owner’s expense.
A group of plaintiffs represented by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and the Silicon
Valley Law Foundation, among others, sued to invalidate the two ordinances. Plaintiffs alleged
that they were Mountain View residents who were priced out of their homes in the city and
decided to live in recreational vehicles (RVs) on public streets. The complaint alleged that the
two ordinances would ban oversize vehicle parking on about 89% of the City’s streets.
The plaintiffs brought various statutory and constitutional claims, including 1) that the $65
ticket for violations and the cost of retrieving a towed vehicle both violated the Eighth
Amendment Excessive Fines Clause, 2) the city created a “state-created danger” under the
Fourteenth Amendment by failing to leave plaintiffs a safe alternative place to park, 3) towing
for violations of the ordinances was an unreasonable seizure under the Fourth Amendment,
and 4) that the signs the city posted did not provide sufficient notice to satisfy the Due Process
Clause. The city moved to dismiss the case. The trial court granted the city’s motion in part and
denied it in part, allowing all the claims listed above to proceed.1
In 2022, following the court’s ruling on the motion to dismiss, the city settled the case. The
settlement agreement required Mountain View to provide at least three miles of parking
capacity for oversized vehicles, though it could continue to apply the 72-hour rule there.
Mountain View also was required to publish a map of the available parking areas and distribute
it proactively to persons living in OSVs and when doing enforcement.2 The settlement
agreement also included terms related to pre-enforcement notice (signage and individualized
notice) as well as a process for those with disabilities to request accommodations, such as more
time to move their vehicle.
1 The court dismissed plaintiffs’ claims for invasion of privacy, right to travel, and disability discrimination, with
leave to amend.
2 The map is available
here: https://www.mountainview.gov/home/showpublishedimage/3580/638200916486970000.
CITY OF PALO ALTO | 250 HAMILTON AVENUE, PALO ALTO, CA. 94301 | 650-329-2100
Pacifica
In late 2019, Pacifica passed an ordinance that prohibited “oversized vehicle” parking at any
time on streets less than 40 feet wide and gave the city discretion to prohibit RV parking on
other streets based on aesthetics and traffic safety concerns. Pacifica began enforcing this
ordinance in September 2020. Those who violated the ordinance were subject to escalating
fines. If five tickets were left unpaid, the RV could be towed and impounded.
In 2021, advocates for persons living in RVs filed a class action lawsuit challenging the
ordinance.5 The lawsuit argued that ordinance was an attempt by the city to banish those who
rely on RVs for housing and mobility. Instead of providing any clear parking rule, the suit alleged
that the city was giving out tickets based on housed residents’ complaints, even when an RV
was parked on a street where there was no justification for prohibiting RV parking. Plaintiffs
brought many of the same claims as in the Mountain View suit.6
Shortly after filing the complaint, the plaintiffs moved for a preliminary injunction, asking the
court to immediately stop Pacifica from enforcing the ordinance. Just before a scheduled
hearing on the motion, the city agreed that the Court could enter a preliminary injunction that
required it to issue and publicize a list and map of streets allowable for oversized vehicle
parking.
In November 2021, the parties settled the case. Among other things, the settlement required
the city to refund fines previously imposed for violation of the RV ordinance; to preserve at
least two miles of streets as allowable for OSV parking; to continue to make the list and map of
“allowable” streets broadly available; and to establish a process for people with disabilities to
seek accommodations relating to the parking of their vehicles. The settlement also required the
city to establish a safe parking program for OSVs, and to set up facilities for OSVs to empty their
waste tanks and dispose of trash.
Sebastopol
In 2022, the City of Sebastopol was sued over an ordinance that prohibited parking an RV: (1)
on public streets zoned as residential, (2) on public streets zoned as commercial, industrial, or
community facility between 7:30 a.m. and 10:00 p.m., (3) on any park, square, or alley, and (4)
in a city-owned parking lot unless the person is conducting city-related business during business
hours at the location for which the parking lot is designated. Unlike Mountain View and
5 The advocates included the ACLU, Disability Rights Advocates, and Legal Aid of San Mateo County.
6 Plaintiffs alleged that the City violated their right to free movement under the U.S. and California Constitutions,
that the ordinance was void for vagueness and susceptible to discriminatory enforcement, that the fines for
violations were excessive under the Eighth Amendment, that the ban subjected them to a state-created danger,
that towing to enforce the ordinances was an unlawful seizure under the Fourth Amendment, and that the
ordinance violated several statutes prohibiting disability discrimination.
CITY OF PALO ALTO | 250 HAMILTON AVENUE, PALO ALTO, CA. 94301 | 650-329-2100
Pacifica, the city relied not on traffic safety but on a record of complaints about availability of
parking and public health/safety complaints (e.g., belongings blocking the sidewalks, human
waste, garbage, etc.) related to RV residents. Plaintiffs brought many of the same claims as in
the Mountain View and Pacifica suits.9
The trial court granted summary judgment to the city on all claims. Plaintiffs have appealed the
trial court’s ruling, and the Ninth Circuit will likely hear oral argument in the case this fall. A
Ninth Circuit ruling is applicable to the federal trial courts in Alaska, Arizona, California, Hawaii,
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington.
2025 City Regulations and Programs
In the last few months, a number of Bay Area cities have taken action to respond to needs and
impacts associated with persons living in OSVs. San Francisco, San José, Fremont, San Mateo,
and Menlo Park have adopted new regulations placing limits on OSV parking. Santa Clara and
San Francisco have increased housing and shelter resources and increased services to the
unhoused. It is too early to assess the impact and cost of these approaches, and it is unknown
whether advocates will file litigation.
9 These included: excessive fines in violation of the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments and the California
Constitution; state-created danger in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment; equal protection in violation of the
Fourteenth Amendment, unreasonable seizure of property in violation of the Fourth Amendment, the California
Constitution and California Vehicle Code § 22650(b); procedural due process under the Fourteenth Amendment;
void for vagueness under the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments; and violation of several disability discrimination
statutes. Plaintiffs were represented by the ACLU, Disability Rights Advocates, Legal Aid of Sonoma County, and
California Rural Legal Assistance.
ADDRESSING OVERSIZED VEHICLE (OSV) IMPACTS IN PALO ALTO
Presenter:
Melissa McDonough, Assistant to the City Manager
AUGUST 25, 2025 Paloalto.gov
TITLE 40 FONT BOLD
Subtitle 32 font
AUGUST 25, 2025
•Responding to 2025 Council Priority Objective:
Present options to address homelessness impacts, particularly relating to
individuals living in vehicles, to Policy & Services Committee for participation.
Identify feasible (1) regulatory approaches to manage the use of public space
and (2) policy solutions to expand RV safe parking. Present options to Policy &
Services for consideration and prioritization.
•Responds to increasing complaints and visible street-level impacts.
•Balances compassion, community livability and public safety.
PURPOSE/OVERVIEW OF COUNCIL ITEM
Paloalto.gov
1
BASELINE INFORMATION
•2023 Point-in-Time Count:
206 unhoused individuals; 88% (~102 vehicles); estimates suggest doubling
since then.
•Recent efforts include:
•Homekey interim shelter under construction.
•Safe parking program –22 RV spaces at Geng Road +14 vehicle spaces
at congregation-based sites
•Below Market Rate (BMR) -401 entitled units, ~315 pipeline
•$57M to affordable housing projects since 2017, including $5M in 2025
towards 130 affordable units (3001 El Camino Real)
•>2,000 existing affordable units
•Enhanced renter protections
•Service support and referrals
•Law enforcement coordination
Housing Initiatives & Pipeline
2
3
How We Got Here
FEB 2025 Council study session
MAY 2025 Council Priority Objectives Adopted
JUN 2025 Human Relations Commission (HRC) Feedback
JUL 2025 Growing concern, anecdotal increase in vehicle dwellers
Potential Policy Options –Summary Table
POTENTIAL APPROACH IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS RESOURCE
Potential Actions to Accommodate Some Demand
A. Expand safe parking at Baylands
Athletic Center
•Impact other uses of area
•Adds approximately 10-20 safe parking spaces
•Limits future opportunities for habitat restoration or recreational uses
$$$
B.Allow safe parking on privately
owned commercial lot
•Not currently staff resourced
•No identified private property owner willing to lease
$$
C. Expand congregation-based safe
parking
•May not be ideal because daily movement is difficult for OSVs
•Changing operations to 24-hours would require neighbor outreach and
consideration of feedback received
$
D. Increased cleaning and street
sweeping on selected streets
•Impacts all vehicles parking on street
•Could displace OSVs to areas more sensitive to impacts
$$
E. Enhance services, with or
without new regulations
•Increased outreach worker staffing to cover evenings/weekends
•Buyback program efficiency and cost not known
•Pump-out likely uptake and costs not known
$$-$$$
$ ≤50,000 $$ 51,000-400,000 $$$ ≥ 400,000
$-$$$ Scales over time, increasing resource impacts as various actions are implemented.
4
Potential Policy Options –Summary Table
POTENTIAL APPROACH IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS RESOURCE
Potential Actions to Increase Regulation
F.Prohibit renting of public parking
spaces
•Identifying/investigation ‘vanlords’ can be difficult $
G. Prohibit storage of detached
trailers/inoperable vehicles on
public streets
•Applies equally to all vehicles $
H.Limit OSVs to certain streets •Identifying adequate parking locations for OSVs $-$$$
*I.Prohibit OSVs on certain streets •May lead to escalating restrictions
•Could displace OSVs to areas more sensitive to impacts
$-$$$
*J.Prohibit OSVs citywide •See litigation described above $$$
Phased Approach
Phased Approach •Combines above, with the exception of *asterisked approaches $-$$$
*Not recommended in the phased approach
$ ≤50,000 $$ 51,000-400,000 $$$ ≥ 400,000
$-$$$ Scales over time, increasing resource impacts as various actions are implemented.
5
Phased Approach
Combines multiple strategies for flexibility and resource alignment. Requires redeploying staff from other work.
Phase 1 Upon Council approval, staff would:
-Develop ordinance to prohibit detached/inoperable vehicle parking on public streets
-Develop ordinance to prohibit renting of public parking spaces (vanlording)
-Refine scope and begin implementation of additional street cleanups and sweeping
-Return to Council for approvals of ordinances and contract amendments (street sweeping)
-Implementation and enforcement of these actions would follow
Phase 2 Concurrent of Phase 1 implementation, staff would initiate work on:
-Design small-scale enhanced services pilot (e.g., mobile pump out, additional outreach, garbage pick-up, etc)
-Return to Council for direction on preferred option for safe parking
-Begin exploration of “limiting OSV parking to certain streets” approach, including process for designating streets
6
Phased Approach
Phase 3 Following completion of related Phase 2 components, Council would:
-Approve pilot and any related contracts/agreements for small-scale enhanced services pilot,
-Approve preferred option for expanded safe parking
-Identify streets where OSV parking will be allowed, develop necessary ordinances and program design for ‘limiting OSV parking to certain streets’ approach
-Implementation of these actions would follow
Phase 4 Following completion of related Phase 3 components, staff would:
-Evaluate the enhanced services pilot
-Pursue implementation of expanded safe parking
-Obtain related Council approvals for ‘limiting OSV parking to certain streets’ and began enforcing new approach
7
Phased Approach
•Accommodates some OSV parking demand while increasing regulation to manage impacts
•Sequencing considers current resources, effectiveness, scalability and timing needed
•Begins with easier to implement actions and gradually progresses to the more complex
and expensive
•Responsive to varied community perspectives (e.g., the needs of unhoused neighbors, the
needs of housed neighbors, the shared use of public space, etc.)
8
Recommendation
Staff recommends that the Policy & Services Committee discuss and recommend Council approval of a phased approach to addressing oversized vehicle impacts.
9
MELISSA McDONOUGH
Assistant to the City Manager
Melissa.McDonough@PaloAlto.gov
650-329-2533
RHNA and Housing Element Progress