HomeMy WebLinkAbout2002-01-22 Ordinance 4734ORDINANCE NO. 4734
ORDINANCE OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PALO ALTO
AUTHORIZING CLOSING OF THE BUDGET FOR FISCAL YEAR 2000-01
WHEREAS, pursuant to the provisions of Section 12 of Article
III of the Charter of the City of Palo Alto and as set forth in
Section 2.28.070 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code, the Council on
June 19, 2000 did adopt a budget for fiscal year 2000-01; and
WHEREAS, fiscal year 2000-01 has ended and the financial
results, although subject to post-audit adjustment, are now
available and are herewith reported in summarized financial
Exhibits "A" and "B" and "C" and "D" and "E" and "F" prepared by
the Director, Administrative Services, which are attached hereto,
and by reference made a part hereof; and
WHEREAS, pursuant to Section 2.28.080 of the Palo Alto
Municipal Code, the City Manager did amend the budgetary accounts
of the City of Palo Alto to reflect:
(A) Additional appropriations authorized by ordinance of the
City Council.
(B) Amendments to employee compensation plans adopted by the
City Council.
(C) Transfers of appropriations from the contingent account
as authorized by the City Manager.
(D) Redistribution of appropriations between functional areas
major activities, and objects within various departments as
authorized by the City Manager.
(E) Fiscal year 2000-01 appropriations which on July 1, 2001
were encumbered by properly executed, but uncompleted, purchase
orders or contractsi and
WHEREAS, Fiscal year 2000-01 appropriations in certain
departments and categories as shown on the attached Exhibit "A",
while not encumbered by purchase order or contract, at year end are
nevertheless recommended for reappropriation in the fiscal year
2001-02 budget.
'NOW, THEREFORE, the Council of the City of Palo Alto does
ORDAIN as follows:
SECTION 1. The fiscal year 2000-01 encumbered balances for
the departments and categories shown on Exhibit "C" shall be
carried forward and reappropriated to those departments and
categories in the fiscal year 2001-02 budget.
SECTION 2. The City Manager is further authorized and
directed:
(A) To close the fiscal year 2000-01 budget accounts in all
funds and departments and, as required by the Charter of the City
of Palo Alto, to make such interdepartmental transfers in the 2000-
01 budget as adopted or amended by ordinance of the Council.
(B) To close various completed Capital Improvement Projects
as shown in Exhibit "B" and move the balances into the respective
reserve funds indicated in Exhibit "B".
(C) To establish reserves as shown in Exhibits "D" and "E"
and "F" for all Funds as necessary to provide for:
(1) A reserve for encumbrances and reappropriations in
the various funds, the purpose of which is to carry forward and
continue in effect the unexpended balance of appropriations for:
(a) Fiscal year 2000-01 departmental expenditures
which were authorized to be carried forward pursuant to Section 1
above.
(2) Reserves for Advances to Other Funds and for Stores
Inventory in accordance with ordinance and policy guidelines.
(3) A reserve for general contingencies of such amount
that the City Council has approved.
(4) Reserves for utilities plant replacement, rate
stabilization, and other reserves in accordance with Charter and
policy guidelines.
(D) To fund the Budget Stabilization Reserve in accordance
with the General Fund Reserves Policy adopted by the City Council.
SECTION 3. The sum of One Hundred Nineteen Thousand Seven
Hundred Five Dollars ($119,705) is hereby transferred from the
Printing and Mailing Retained Earnings to the Printing and Mailing
Fund. This transfer will reduce the balance in the Printing and
Mailing Retained Earnings to $159,000.
SECTION 4. The sum of Two Hundred Eighty Thousand Three
Hundred Fifty Two Dollars ($280,352) is hereby transferred from the
General Fund Budget Stabilization Reserve to the Storm Drainage
Rate Stabilization Reserve. This transfer will reduce the balance
in the General Fund Budget Stabilization Reserve to $24,490,000.
SECTION 5. Upon completion of the independent audit,
detailed financial statements reflecting the changes made by
Sections I, 2, and 3 of this ordinance, shall be published as part
of the annual financial report of the City as required by Article
III, Section 16, of the Charter of the City of Palo Alto and in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
SECTION 6. As specified in Section 2.28.080(a) of the Palo
Alto Municipal Code, a two-thirds vote of the City Council is
required to adopt this ordinance.
SECTION 7. The Council of the City of Palo Alto hereby
finds that the enactment of this ordinance is not a project under
the California Environmental Quality Act and, therefore, no
environmental impact assessment is necessary.
SECTION 8. As provided in Section 2.04.350 of the Palo
Alto Municipal Code, this ordinance shall become effective upon
adoption.
INTRODUCED AND PASSED: January 22, 2002
AYES: Beecham, Burch, Freeman, Kishimoto, Kleinberg, Lytle,
Morton, Mossar, Ojakian
NOES:
ABSTENTIONS:
ABSENT:
ATTEST:
!k-n/M.A S&.~
City Clerk.
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
~vJ>·~
Se6ior Asst. City Attorney
APPROVED:
City Manager
Director
Services
$54,000
$50,000
Exhibit A ()
2000-01 REAPPROPRIATION REQUESTS
Fund a comprehensive review of the City's fee
and rate structure
Developn;tent Impact Fee Study -Phase II
Art Center -Main Library Building Feasibility
Study
Mitchell Park Library
Community Center Site Feasibility Study
Total Recommended
This project has been delayed due to staff shortages.
This project could not be performed in 2000-01
because it is a follow-up to the preliminary
Development Impact Fee Study, which will be
completed in early 2001-02.
These dollars were scheduled to be encumbered
through a contract in 2000-01 with the Art Center
Foundation. However, Purchasing determined that in
order to contract with a non-profit organization we
must first secure Council approval. A CMR cannot be
developed until July 2001. This requires the funds to be
These dollars were scheduled to be encumbered
through a contract in 2000-01 with the Friends of the
Library. However, Purchasing determined that in order
to contract with a non-profit organization we must first
secure Council approval. A CMR cannot be developed
until July 2001. This requires the funds to be
reappropriated.
The $50,000 of State grants funding exists in the
Library budget and has been designated by Council for
the Mitchell Park project.
1
$20,000
$60,000
$50,000
$50,000
$46,494
Comprehensive Compensation Benchmarking
Study of positions in SEIU and Management
School Commute Safety Study, Phase II
Development Review -Mayfield
Computer Traffic Model
Traffic Safety Campaign
To pay for relocation costs associated with move of
City Manager who recently purchased a home and to
cover other relocation expenses that have yet to be
turned in.
was just recently completed and billing invoice
is not expected to be received in July 2001.
Second phase of the Citywide School Commute Safety
Study will focus on the schools in south Palo Alto:
Gunn, JLS, Ohlone, Hoover, Palo Alto, Juana Briones,
EI Carmelo and Barron Park, and prospectively
Terman Middle School. It will complete the work
begun in the frrst phase, which focused on the schools
.located north of Oregon Expressway.
This project furthers the City Council's Priority on
Traffic Calming and Alternative Transportation. It is
anticipated that this study will result in
recommendations within the following areas: physical
improvements and/or traffic calming on the public
streets, traffic safety education and transportation
demand management programs, community awareness
programs, enforcement policies, and other initiatives
that would increase safety of students commuting to
school.
Analysis of a potential community center at the
Mayfield'site will continue into FY 2001-02.
Reappropriation of funds for this project is critical to
providing City Council and the community with
information related to the impact of a community
center at this site. This project furthers the City
Council's priority on Joint Master Planning of City
School facilities and services.
Progress on this project has been greatly impaired due
to staff changes.
The Traffic Safety Campaign has been greatly
enhanced by donated services, including
marketing/advertising, graphic design and advertising
space. Reappropriation of the unexpended funds will
enable the campaign to continue into next fiscal year
and will allow staff to reinforce the campaign's safety
themes through the beginning of the school year and
into fall.
2
$33,000
$35,072
$47,000
$3,084,827
$101,500
Zoning Ordinance Update
Technology grant for County wide radio
interoperability and GIS projects
OTS grants for traffic safety devices
Funding to clear brush that is encroaching onto
the roadway on Page Mill Road.
Commercial Advantage Program Rebate
Accelerated Energy Efficiency Program
San Francisquito Creek Levee Restoration
Project and Stabilization and Revegetation
Study
The 2-year Zoning Ordinance Update work plan was
not presented for approval by City Council until
November 2000. Since that time staff has been
assigned to support the project, 2 contract planners
have been selected, and research has begun per the
work plan.
This is part of a multi-year state CLBEP technology
grant. Video camera order was delayed in Purchasing.
These are multi-year grants, $100,000 for technology
and $10,000 for CHP.
This is a multi-year state grant. The departnient
attempted to order the equipment, but experienced
difficulties in finding and selecting vendors.
An RFP for this project was sent out in March 2001. At
that time no contractors bid on the project. This project
is in response to Traffic and Fire Safety issues.
Customer and City electric efficiency projects were
initiated on an emergency basis during the second
quarter of 2001. Program design parameters,
construction timetables, and inspection deadlines will
not allow completion in FY 2000-01.
The two projects are under the direction of the San
Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority. They are
activities of regional benefit, and Palo Alto's continued
participation is critical to their success. The
implementation schedule has slipped beyond the
original due dates as a result of the complexities of
coordination amongst multiple JP A member agencies. It
is anticipated that the work will be completed in FY
2001-02.
3
$420,000
. $450,000
$278,409
()
Purchase and install utility bodies and interiors
for 24 City-owned trucks and vans.
Equipment Management has normal
vehicle replacement workload for the last several years.
This has caused a backlog of projects. The chassis for
these replacement vehicles have already been purchased
and they all must be outfitted with utility bodies.
Funding for desktop replacement
Rebuild the fueling facility at
Foothills Park (PW 19205)
Americans with Disabilities Act
Compliance (PW 19309)
Arts Center Plumbing Replacement
Project (PW 10007)
The bid responses have not been accepted/approved to
date. Information Technology is evaluating new
cutting-edge technology that differs from the City
standard. Hardware demo items were required for on-
site evaluation. As a result of the evaluation it appears
that the vendor bidder.
project was delayed pending completion of other prerequisite
Equipment Management has had a higher than normal workload for
the last several years. This has caused a backlog of projects.
The existing fueling facility at Foothills Park is out of compliance
with local environmental regulations and has been shut down. Since
this fueling facility supports Fire Station Eight and Foothills Park
operations,it is critical that the facility be rebuilt as soon as
This project provides funding to make City facilities, programs, and
services accessible to persons with disabilities in order to comply
with federal laws and regulations.
Due to workload scheduling, no ADA improvements were
scheduled for the last two years. Now that infrastructure staffing is
now on board, two restroom renovation projects are scheduled for
. in FY 2001-02.
The sink and plumbing need to be upgraded to accommodate the
environmental and safety requirements related to the use, cleanup,
and disposal of art materials at the center. This project is currently
in the design phase and will be completed this calendar year.
*** Note to General Fund Reappropriations: The Comprehensive Annual Financial Report shows $749,000 in General
Fund reappropriations. The $148,000 difference from the $601,000 shown here is a capital project carryforward for
the Community Center that does not require Council action.
4
Exhibit B
CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM PROJECTS
Completed and Closed in 2000-01
''';, .
p~()JE61'i"lJM~~~.:, i· .• ;~ij~~;§~'I":'I"iTt;~:;·:.f .... ····· ' ..
• PROJECT
·BAL.ANC~·
General Fund
10011
10013
10016
19012'
19602
19605
19620
19701
19710
19809
19902
19908
19912
19917
Electric Fund
8945 *
• 0001 **
Refuse Fund
Financial Applications Users Access Impr.
Year 2000 Contingency
Diesel Exhaust Removal
Payroll Personnel System
Civic Center Chiller Replacement
Foothill Park Water Management
Civic Center LAN Upgrade
Library Lighting Improvements
Revenue Collection Software
Work Station Operating System and Email
Parks Facility Lighting
. Diesel Exhaust Removal System
Oracle Database Enterprise
Office Automation Suite
Total $
20,604
4,101
25,723
2,759
492
36,617
9,825
5,071
59,969
4,900
37,821
45,658
2,001
29,350
284,891
Automatic Mapping 13,765
41/2 kV Conversion of Maybell 1 and 2 800,000
Total $ 813,765
0107 Landfill Phase II B Closure 446,089
Storm Drainage Fund'
9508 * Arastradero Creek Erosion Repairs
0014 Instrumentation Van
* Projects are closed. No expenditures were incurred.
** Project was cancelled. No expenditures were incurred.
Total $ 446,089
110,508
5,210
Total $ 115,718
Exhibit C
GENERAL FUND SUMMARY ($OOOs)
Property Taxes
Sales Taxes
Utility Users Tax
Transient Occupancy Tax
Other taxes, fines & penalties
Service fees and pennits
Charges to Other Funds
Rental Income
Other Revenues
Add: Operating Transfers In
Prior Year Encum & Reapprop
E~eridlltJ.resD~~~t\}······ .
Administrative Departments
Community Services
Fire
Planning
Police
Public Works
Non-Departmental
School Site Operations
To~IExpenditPres
Add: Operating Trans Out
.' .
TotalUse of FundS
Net S1lrpJu8l(Def\cit)
CAFR Reconciliation:
2000-01 2000-01 2000-01
Adjusted CAFR Basis Allocated
Budget Rev/Exp Charges
$11,335
24,200
6,163
9,400
8,272
11,191
9,568
10,355
12,871
14,042
12,288
$21,468
23,386
16,944
8,210
20,013
13,168
7,317
7,193
\ .. 117,6~ .'
$12,110 $0
25,786
6,895
9,359
8,887
12,743
818 7,590
10,270
15,793
14,157
12,288
$18,557 $617
18,469 2,526
15,973 864
6,652 301
18,306 1,163
9,522 2,683
7,186 (600)
7,301
lOl~ 7;SM~···.
10,221
.·· •• 112;187 ..... ·
Current year encumbrance/reappropriations
Prior year encumbrance/reappropriations
Current year stores adjustment
Prior year stores adjustment
CAFR Net imcome
2000-01
Encum+
Reapprop
nla
nla
nla
nla
nla
nla
nla
nla
nla
nla
nla
$1.862
1,067
107
1,148
450
621
126
';0.?,381
(5,381).
2000·01
Budgetary
Rev/Exp
$12,110
25,786
6,895
9,359
8,887
12,743
8,408
10,270
15,793
14,157
12,288
2000-01
Variance
$775
1,586
732
(41)
615
1,553
(1,160)
(85)
2,922
116
; ~~,696 ~:.Li~or4
$21,036
22,062
16,944
8,101
19,919
12,826
6,712
7,301
114,901
10,221
11$14
5,381
(12,288)
52
(88)
4,631
$432
1,324
o
109
94
342
605
(108)
;-',' ·,i ,:
2,798
(353)
Exhibit D
GENERAL FUND RESERVE SUMMARY ($OOOs)
FISCAL YEAR 2000-01
Q~~liii~~gY<)9!:t10~'~96,~JJi~t,I~ij~~1,. ····:;~il~1~:;;;ifil
CAFR Fund Balance
Less: Encumbrances
Reappropriations
Adjustment for Stores Operations
~~ij'sJ!!~l¥'t~"'~~·\~i~i6~i'C:.i:> i;\ ......... '.
~'lp~~ii~mQ'~ij~~i01~~~~I~1~''':' .';iii'>: ... ",~
Budget Stabilization Reserve
Reserve For Infrastructure Improvements
Notes Receivable Reserve
Stores Inventory Reserve
Unrealized Investment Gain/Loss Reserve
Reserve For Streets & Sidewalks
Reserve For Emergencies
Adjustment for Stores Operations
'B'tJcf'.ta'··.·,·}FiiiiCl\Balance . . ... 9 .. > ..• ~,.< .... ,'.;, .. : .••..•. ;
Adjustment for Stores Inventory Encumbrance
Ad"ustment for Stores 0 erations
Total Adjustments
Balance Net From Balance
@ 06/30101 @ 06/30/00 0 erations
$55,765
(12,045)
(612)
281
"4:f38!f" ;. , ;.: ........... .
$20,029
13,898
649
2,144
o
o
6,388
281
43,389
$4,631 $60,396
7,129 (4,916)
(137) (749)
(229) 52
11394{Y .. "fi .•• ,;.'.· •. ·:·.,.:.5 ..... 4.· .. ~7. 8 .. 3.' . .. ":":',1'.; .. .
$4,462 $24,490
4,890 18,788
491 1,140
82 2,226
1,309 1,309
o 0
389 6,777
(229) 52
11,394(:;',::54,783 .
136
84
52
REVENUE
Water sales
Other revenues
Reappropriations I Enc
EXPENSES
Purchases
Other Expenses
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES
Capital Expenses
REVENUE
Electric retail sales
Electric wholesale sales
Other revenues
Reappropriations I Enc
EXPENSES
Purchases
NCPA & TANC Debt Svc
Other Expenses
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES
Capital Expenses
Exhibit E
WATER FUND ($000)
1999-00
ActlEncl
14,551
1,163
1,021
5,711
7,402
13,113
3,640
2000-01
Adjusted
14,883
1,201
1,625
5,970
8,340
14,310
7,033
ELECTRIC FUND ($000)
1999-00 2000-01
ActlEncl Adjusted
56,769 55,381
4,582 3,620
10,844 23,256
6,546 11,271
18,261 27,967
11,026 11,564
27,928 45,702
57,215 85,233
18,603 23,157
ActlEncl
Reapprop
ActuallEnc
15,441
1,726
1,625
5,969
9,051
15,020
6,228
ActlEncl
Reapprop
ActuallEnc
53,093
4,064
94,052
11,271
57,763
9,999
44,612
112,374
20,030
$ Variance
Favorable
558
525
1
(711)
(710)
805
$ Variance
Favoral:)le
(2,288)
444
70,796
(29,796)
1,565
1,090
(27,141)
3,127
REVENUE
Gas retail sales
Gas wholesale sales
Other revenues
Reappropriations I Enc
EXPENSES
Purchases
Other Expenses
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES
Capital Expenses
GAS FUND ($000)
1999-00
ActlEncl
16,443
1,372
993
11,595
8,542
20,137
3,904
2000.01
Adjusted
21,547
7,306
1,254
20,772
14,590
35,362
4,026
ActIEncl
Reapprop
ActuallEnc
9,264
13,255
7,808
1,254
20,627
14,249
34,876
6,142
WASTE WATER COLLECTION FUND ($000)
1999-00 2000-01 ActlEncl
ActlEncl Adjusted Reapprop
ActuallEnc
REVENUE
Revenues 11,307 11,196 11,420
Reappropriatlons I Enc 8,262 7,460 7,460
EXPENSES
Sewer Treatment Exp. 4,390 5,020 4,974
Operating Expenses 2,340 3,220 6,570
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES 6,730 8,240 11,544
Capital Expenses 13,569 12,594 9,230
Principal Payments 47
$ Variance
Favorable
(12,283)
13,255
502
145
341
486
(2,116)
$ Variance
Favorable
224
46
(3,350)
(3,304)
3,364
2
REVENUE
Revenues
Reappropriations I Enc
EXPENSES
Payments to PASCO
Other Expenses
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES
Capital Expenses
REFUSE FUND (SOOO)
1999-00
ActlEnc/
23,041
2,263
6,957
14,754
21,711
1,979
2000-01
Adjusted
23,638
2,182
7,699
16,364
24,063
3,576
ActlEnc:1
Reapprop
ActuallEnc
23,630
2,182
7,699
13,581
21,280
2,967
WASTEWATER TREATMENT FUND (SOOO)
1999:-00 2000-01 ActlEnc/
ActlEnc/ Adjusted Reapprop
ActuallEnc
REVENUE
Operating Revenues 12,650 14,051 14,735
Restricted Bond Proceeds 1,815 1,815
Reappropriations I Enc 2,246 2,451 2,451
Bonded Reappro/Encum 6,883 3,710 3,710
EXPENSES
Operating Expenses 11,570 12,571 13,278
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES 11,570 12,571 13,278
Capital Expenses 9,997 5,037 6,307
Principal Payments 298 262 262
$ Variance
Favorable
(8)
2,783
2,783
609
$ Variance
Favorable
684
(707)
(707)
(1,270)
3
STORM DRAINAGE FUND (SOOO)
REVENUE
Revenues
Reappropriations I Enc
Bonded Reappro/Encum
Restricted Bond Proceeds
EXPENSES
. Operating Expenses
TOTAL OPERATING EXPENSES
Capital Expenses
Principal Payments
1999-00
Act/Encl
2,527
275
1,327
944
1,954
1,954
2,148
200
2000-01
Adjusted
3,078
423
426
935
2,560
2,560
1,998
250
Act/Encl
Reapprop
ActuallEnc
3,197
423
426
935
2,326
2,326
2,834
215
$ Variance
Favorable
119
234
234
(836)
35
4
Rate Stabilization
General RSR
Supply RSR
Distribution RSR
Total RSR
Emergency Plant Replace
Calaveras
Underground Loan
conservation loan
Water Resources board
Shasta rewind loan
Central Valley Project
Public benefit program
RSR Maximum
RSR % of Maximum
Exhibit F
$7,025 $6,759 $5,623 $11,102 $334 $30,843
56,645 510 57,155
8,326 1,805 10,131
7,025 64,971 2,315 6,759 5,623 11,102 334 98,129
904 2,252 783 450 . 1,455 5,844
64,780 64,780
623 623
34 34
590 590
64 64
704 704
2,182 2,182
8,988 22,853 7,886 5,368 4,064 3,725 N/A
78% 284% 29% 126% 138% 298% N/A 186%
r
City of Palo Alto
Performance
Highlights
Fiscal Year Elided June 30, 2001
•
Award for
Outstanding
Achieventent in,
, Pop,ular Annual
Financial Reporting
PRESENTED TO
CITY OF PALO ALTO,
CALIFORNIA
For the fiscal year ending
June 30, 2000
I t i
• I
" Exhibit G
Performance Highlights
SuppleDlenl10 Ihe COll.prehensive Annual Financial Repon
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Purpose: This report is a supplement to the Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) for the year ended June
30,2001. It is intended for readers who are less familiar with the technical aspects of municipal finance or who wish a
brief summary of the CAFR. Visit the City's website for the complete CAFR iri early 2002. The document is available at
Palo Alto libraries and you may order a copy from the Administrative Services Department at 650-329-2692.
Contents: This report consists of three major sections. The first discusses the City's program accomplishments and
financial performance during the past year for its Governmental Funds, with emphasis on the General and Capital
Projects Funds. The second discusses the same for the City's Proprietary Funds, with emphasis on Enterprise Funds. The
third discusses the local and regional economic trends and the financial challenges facing the City. All financial data in
this supplement are drawn from current and past Comprehensive Annual Financial Reports.
Conclusions: Last fiscal year the nation was in the midst of the longest economic expansion in history. This fiscal year
the economic climate has sharply reversed itself, with drops in corporate profits, a sagging stock market, significant lay-
offs, curtailed consumer spending, and a standstill in venture capital funding. Although Palo Alto's financial perfor-
mance was solid in 2000-01, the changing economy poses challenges for sources of revenue vital to the financial health
of the City. Palo Alto continues to carefully monitor economically sensitive revenue sources, such as sales and hotel
occupancy taxes, to prepare for the fiscal challenges that lie ahead. With the diversity and strength of its revenue base
and adequate reserves to buffer economic downturns and unexpected events, Palo Alto is well positioned to withstand
current and future economic conditions.
GOVERNMENTAL FUNDS PERFORMANCE
Combined View: In 2000-01, combined Governmental Fund revenue and other financing sources totaled $141.6 mil-
lion and expenditures and other financing uses totaled $131.0 million. The $10.6 million net of revenues over expendi-
tures res~lted in a combined fund balance for all Governmental Funds of $99.9 million at June 30, 2001. The General
Fund ended the year with a $4.6 million addition to fund balance, compared to $6.6 million in the prior year. The June
30,2001 fund balance of $60.4 million for the General Fund alone represents 59.2 percent of direct 2000-01 General Fund
expenditures, providing a generous buffer against unexpected financial events.
Funds segregate financial resources for specific activi-
ties or certain objectives. The City operates many
funds and each one stands on its own with separate
financial reports, even though it is also part of the City
as a whole. Think of the City as a parent corporation
and its funds as subsidiary corporations •
"Governmental" funds account for the services provided to the general Citizenry as
opposed to a specific group. These funds focus on current financial resources, empha-
sizing budgetal)' control and available cash. This approach, called the modified accrual
basis, is signWicantly different from private sector accounting. The City operates four
types of governmental funds: General (basic services), Special Revenue (legally
restricted grants and revenues), Debt Service (borrowing), and Capital Projects,
...•....••.....•...............••.....••...•.......•....•••...••.....••.....••.....•...........•.....•..................••..........••
II)
PERFORMIICE HIGHLIGHTS
20()()mOI
SPOTliGHT ON THE GENERAL FUND
GENERAL FUND REVENUES
Sales Tax: While there were some signs of the economic
slowdown early in fiscal year 2000-01, it was not evi-
denced by Palo Alto's strong holiday sales. The City's
quarterly sales tax receipts reached their highest level
ever during the holiday season, grossing over the $7.0
million mark, representing a growth of 7 percent over a
year ago. Real impacts of the dot-com closures and job
cuts didn't materialize until the third and fourth quarters
of the fiscal year.
General Fund: Revenue & Sources
($millions)
96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01
Following a positive holiday season, sales tax revenues
declined by 4.5'percent between January and March 2001,
and declined another 12 percent between April and June
2001, as compared to the same periods a year ago. Total
sales tax revenues of $25.8 million in 2000-01 still
exceeded the budget by $1.6 million, an increase of 6.5
percent. This is $2.9 million or 12.8 percent over 1999-00
levels, representing the highest level of sales tax revenue
Palo Alto has ever received in a given year. However, the
nation slipped into economic downturn by the end of the
fiscal year. During this most interesting period, the sec-
tors that led the impressive performance earlier in the fis-
cal year, new auto sales, business-to-business services,
office equipment, and luxury items, were the sectors that
led the largest and fastest declines in the later part of the
year.
Property Tax: Assessed property valuation in Palo Alto,
after increasing 8 percent in 1998-99 and 9 percent in
1999-00, jumped another 10 percent in 2000-01 to $11.6
billion. The high demand for office space during the eco-
nomic expansion, and the limited supply of available
housing have fueled the high real estate prices in Palo
Alto, which in turn increase property tax revenues. The
vacancy rate for commercial office space in September
2000 was a low of 1 percent. The vacancy rate for residen-
tial rentals was close to zero percent in late 2000. The
strong real estate market and activities have resulted in
total property tax receipts of $12.1 million for 2000-01
exceeding the budget by $.8 million and exceeding prior
year results by $1.3 million or 12.4 percent. In the coming
year, the economic downturn is expected to curb growth
in assessed property values impacting property tax reve-
nues, particularly in the commercial market.
Transient Occupancy Tax: Transient Occupancy Tax
(TOT) receipts have been one of the important revenue
sources for the City. In 2000-01, the City received over
$9.3 million in TOT revenues or 9.1 percent of total Gen-
eral Fund direct revenues. These revenues have risen
dramatically during the economic expansion, growing by
12 percent in 1998-99 and by 27 percent in 1999-00. A por-
tion of the success came from the opening of the new
Westin hotel in mid 2000. Another important portion of
the success came from the overall vibrant economy that
led to higher occupancy and room rates .
. Despite its enviable location as a major education, tech-
nology and tourist center, the City and its TOT were not
immune from the economic slowdown in the last quarter
of 2000-01. The City's occupancy rates slipped from
around 82 percent in the fourth quarter of 1999-00 to 67
percent in the fourth quarter of 2000-01. Revenues
showed a decline of over 11 percent for the fourth quar-
ter, or about $.3 million. Given the strong first half and
the weak second half of 2000-01, total revenues for the
year still had an respectable 12.9 percent growth over that
of 1999-00.
The State of California collects the 8 percent sales tax and distrib-
utes the receipts to various state, county, municipal and special
purpose organizations and the City of Palo Alto receives only 12
cents of every dollar in sales tax collected within its jurisdiction.
Utility Users Tax: During 2000-01, Utility Users Tax
(UUT) revenue rose by $1.0 million or nearly 18 percent
over 1999-00 receipts of $5.9 million. This increase reflects
a growth of $.6 million in utility tax and $.4 million in
telephone tax. The higher utility revenue was derived
from several substantial midyear gas rate increases in
2000-01. These increases were necessary because of
.....•••.....•••..•••........••.•..................•.....•.•......•.••••••••..........••.......•.••.......•.•.•.........•••...........
2
?)
PERFORMANCE HIGHLIGHTS
sharply rising commodity costs for gas and electricity. To
blunt the impact on ratepayers, the City instituted a UUT
rebate program along with an intensive conservation pro-
gram.
The County 01 Santa Clara collects the property tax and distributes the
receipts to various county, municipal, school district and special pur-
pose organizations and the City of Palo Alto receives only 10 cents of
every dollar in property tax collected within its! jurisdiction.
The robust growth in telephone revenues is believed to
result from a rise in mobile telephone usage. Growth in
this area has been steady and revenues have been strong
for most of 2000-01. However, there was evidence of soft-
ening during the latter part of the year. For the year as a
whole, telephone tax receipts grew by 13.3 percent over a
year ago.
Other Taxes and Fines: This category consists of docu-
mentary transfer taxes, motor vehicle in-lieu taxes, and
fines such as parking violations and library late fees. Total
revenue for these combined sources exceeded the 2000-01
budget by about $.6 million, or 7.4 percent. Compared .to
a year ago, this sector had a 2.3 percent or about $.2 mil-
lion decline. The decline was attributed mainly to weak-
ening documentary transfer tax receipts, which is an
early barometer of the economy !illd the real estate mar-
kets.
During strong economy conditions, documentary trans-
fer tax leads in signaling busy real estate activities. It
responds more quickly and directly than property tax to
changes in the economy since it is based on the volume,
mix, and the value of property transactions. Transfer tax
was a strong performer in 1999-00 but receipts in 2000-01
were $.6 million lower than a year before. This was a con-
sequence of sluggish commercial transactions and weak-
ening home sales.
Motor vehicle in-lieu or registration tax had gain of $.3
million or 7.6 percent over a year ago. This reflected the
strong auto sales during the first part of the year but
weakened significantly during the latter part of the year.
This revenue has risen as a consequence of the wealth
effect, of new autos replacing other modes of transporta-
tion, and as a result of population growth. The decline in
auto sales due to the economic downturn foreshadows
the leveling of revenues to come.
Service Fees and Permits: This category includes plan-
ning, building permit, golf course fees, paramedic ser-
vices, and class registration fees. Overall, this sector had
a gain of $1.4 million or 12.7 percent over budget. Given
the variety of fees, some are more sensitive to economic
changes than others.
Golf course green fee revenues, for example, rose a mere
1.3 percent in 2000-01 over a year ago. Players are slowly
returning back to the course after major underground
renovations to ,fairways and some greens. In the current
year, the activity is higher and revenues are expected to
exceed the 2000-01 totals.
Building and plan checking fee revenues were very
strong, as building activity remained high in the area.
Plan checking revenues ended the year at $2.0 million
with building and new construction permits just under
$2.0 million. The current economy slow down should
have some affect on these revenue sources.
GENERAL FUND ACCOIV.IPLISHMEiVTS
Expenditure Overview: For the third year in succession,
General Fund departments spent nearly all of their bud-
getary authority when encumbrances and reappropria-
tions are considered. In total, 2000-01 departmental
expenditures were within 2.2 percent of budget. This con-
dition indicates that departments have little capacity for
delivering additional services at current budgetary levels.
130
110
90
70
50
General Fund: Expenditures & Uses
($millions)
96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01
Administration: A primary focus of the City Manager's
Office was joint master planning of facilities and services
with the Palo Alto Unified School District. The impetus
comes from the scarcity of land in Palo Alto coupled with
...............................•..............••.......••....•................•....•••.•..•••••.......................•...•...........
A.l{o 3
•
1))
PERFORMANCE HIGHLIGHTS
Fiscal Year zo�o��e Fiscal 2010-01
increasing school enrollment and service needs in all
parts of the community. An agreement was reached
between the City, the School District, Stanford Univer-
sity, and the Jewish Community Center (JCC) enabling
the District to reclaim the Terman site, while providing
an alternative venue for the JCC, the site's long-time les-
sor, at Stanford's Mayfield site. In addition, the City and
the School District developed an agreement for jointly
funding the expansion of the City shuttle system and ini-
tiated efforts on a proposal for joint library services. The
City Manager's Office also facilitated the development of
a Sustainability Policy and continued to coordinate
development activity in the Downtown and the South of
Forest Avenue areas of the
City. The Economic
Resources Office continued
its business outreach efforts
contacting over 50 busi-
nesses, began implementa-
tion of a targeted retail
strategy, and assisted in the
establishment of a Redevel-
opment Agency for Edge -
wood Plaza. The Public
Communications Office
improved its citizen com-
plaint procedures, con-
ducted a series of
community dialogues, and
launched a quarterly news-
letter to residents.
General Fund Reserves & Designations
at June 30, 2001
The Administrative Services Department issued the first
in a series of improvement bonds for two new parking
structures in the Downtown. It also conducted research
to serve as a basis for potential development impact fees
for parks, community facilities and libraries. The
Accounting Division completed major steps towards the
implementation of a fundamental revision to the current
financial accounting and reporting model, Government
Accounting Standards Board Statement 34. The Informa-
tion Technology (IT) Division continued to focus on the
implementation of its IT Strategic Plan including initiat-
ing plans for an e -government system to enable online
billing and other functions, and implementing 24 -hour a
day, 7 -day a week service and support for mission criti-
cal systems, such a police and fire dispatching.
The Human Resources Department recruited an all time
high of 113 new employees and promoted a total of 108
employees. It also launched several learning opportuni-
ties for City employees including a technology academy,
an accelerated degree program, supervisors and cus-
tomer service certificate programs, and a toastmasters
club. Other efforts included the establishment of several
employee retention initiatives with the City Manager's
Office, and negotiation of a three-year contract with Ser-
vice Employees International Union.
The City Attorney's Office major accomplishments
include the successful completion of assessment district
proceedings for financ-
ing the downtown park-
ing garages, support
towards the approval
and implementation of
the Joint Powers Author-
ity cable television
agreement with AT&T,
support towards the
development and imple-
mentation of conditions
of approval for a new
cancer treatment outpa-
tient facility so that Stan-
ford could proceed
without adverse impacts
on the community, and
work with the City Man-
ager's Office and other City departments to structure a
four party agreement to permit opening of a third mid-
dle school in the City.
The City Clerk's Office conducted special election pro-
cesses for a citywide Storm Drainage fee, a charter
amendment related to the Planning and Transportation
Commission's decision -making authority, and for the
Downtown Parking Assessment District. The Office
administered the process for the January 2001 Council
appointment to replace Council Member Liz Kniss.
Community Services: The Community Services Depart-
ment completed designs for Mitchell Park renewal work
and PAUSD field renovations. The Department also
developed a comprehensive trail master plan for the
Arastradero preserve, worked collaboratively with
PAUSD to produce a highly successful summer enrich-
ment school program, completed a plan for the Elsa Seg-
4
c~
PERFORMINCE HIGHllIHTS
Year
ovia Women and Children's Day Center, conducted a
feasibility study for a performing arts center with Stan-
ford, and completed a Child Care Master Plan. The
Library Division introduced a Virtual Reference Desk ser-
vice providing live reference service via the Internet and
began implementation of the New Library Plan, including
the completion of building spatial programs for the
expansion of Children's, Main and Mitchell Park libraries.
The Golf and Parks Division completed the renovation of
one of the golf course fairways and won the League of
California Cities Award for Land Use and Environmental
Quality for its Spare the Air program. .
Sales Tax
22%
Transfers In
12";6
General FUnd: Revenue &: Sources
for the Year Ended June 30, 2001
Property Tax
10%
Revenue
3%
Utility Users
Tax
Interest Rental
Earnings Income
5% 9%
Transient
Occupancy
(Hotel) Tax
Revenue from
Other
Agencies
1%
Other Taxes
5%
Fire: The Fire Department continued to educate the com-
munity on disaster preparedness conducting 88 commu-
nity talks on emergency preparedness, providing
Standard Emergency Management System training to
City employees, and working with 62 community mem-
bers on the PANDA (Palo Alto Neighborhood Disaster
Awareness) program. Other Department efforts included
establishing a confined space awareness and rescue
training program, instituting a fire station safety inspec-
tion program, working with Public Works to develop
new public education programs for wood burning appli-
ances and to improve pollution prevention procedures
during emergency response incidents and hazardous
materials spills, and managing the development of a
countywide online Hazardous Materials Inventory
project to facilitate industry-reporting requirements.
Planning: The Planning and Community Environment
Department processed 242 planning applications and
4,040 building permits, conducted 14,422 field inspec-
tions, and investigated and closed 605 code enforcement
cases. The Department began providing an estimated
plan review date for building applications, with an 89
percent success rate, implemented a voluntary design
assistance program providing for expedited building per-
mit processing, and formed the Future of Single Family
Neighborhoods Advisory Committee, which will result in
single family review guidelines. This fiscal year the multi-
year program to update the City's Zoning Ordinance was
initiated, including public workshops and community
meetings. Traffic management and safety continued to be
a high priority, including: the introduction of a highly
successful traffic safety campaign; shuttle rides totaling
79,746 with the development of plans for shuttle expan-
sion; and securing $3 million in grants for transportation
programs.
Police: The Police Department focused on technology,
with the implementation of a high-tech crime unit and an
automated information system at the Animal Shelter.
Emphasis on traffic safety continued, with special atten-
tion on school corridor safety. The Communications Divi-
sion successfully completed three Department of Justice
audits, and undertook a needs assessment of all existing
technology. Final plans for a remodel of the 9-1-1 Dispatch
Center Were completed and construction was initiated. In
addition, a new monthly cable television program, Police
Beat, aired in June.
Public Works: The Public Works Department completed
the majority of budgeted sidewalk replacements,
resurfacing and slurry sealing on selected streets through-
General Fund: Expenditures &: Uses for the Year
Ended June 30, 2001
Planning Fire
Community
..........................•••.........••••...........................••.............•........•••....................•••...............
5
,~)
PERFORMAICE HIGHLIIHTS
out the City, new concrete valley gutters on several
streets in the Barron Park Neighborhood, construction of
a new deck on the Wilkie Way Bridge, Phase I of the
downtown beautification project, courtyard improve-
ments and the installation of a new HVAC system at the
Lucie Stem Community Theatre. Public Works also
received approval for the design of two new parking
structures in the University Avemle area downtown and
in conjunction with Administrative Services and the City
Clerk's Office, held a special ballot vote resulting in the .
creation of a new parking assessment district to fund the
project. Palo Alto initiated the California Mercury
Reduction Act (SB 633) and helped to secure its passage
by both houses of the Legislature.
"Fund balance" is the difference between assets and liabilities for govern-
mental funds and is a key measure of financial health. Like most municipal-
ities, Palo Alto subdivides fund balance into "reserved" and ·unreserved!
designated" portions. The reserves portion represents set-asides for eXist-'
lng obligations. The unreserved/designated portion represents set-asides
for future purposes and is available for new expenditure appropriation.
Think of unreservedldesignation portion of fund balance as the savings
account of the /uno.
GENERAL FUND BALANCES
General Fund direct revenues rose $11.1 tnillion or 12.1
percent fromt~e prior year yielding a General Fund net
surplus of $4.6;million for 2000-01. This compares to a
$6.6 million surplus in 1999-00 and a $3.2 million surplus
in 1998-99. Although revenue sources sensitive to the
economy began to show weakness in the last half of the
year, Palo Alto is fortunate in having a revenue base that
is diverse and well balanced. Revenue diversity benefits
the City in that periodic revenue declines in one area are
typically balanced by growth in other areas.
Total fund balance for the General Fund rose 8.3 percent
to $60.4 million at June 30, 2001. This amount represents
59.2 percent of direct 2000-01 General Fund expenditures.
The fund balance designated for Budget Stabilization,
often referred to as the General Fund savings account,
totaled $24.5 million at yearend, representing approxi-
mately 20 percent of General Fund expenditures and
uses, providing a conservative defense against unknown
events. A total of $4.9 million was added to the fund des-
ignated for infrastructure improvements, bringing the
balance to $18.8 million, providing a critical funding
source for the City's infrastructure replacement and reha-
bilitation needs. In addition, during the 2001-03 budget
process, Council approved a transfer of the Reserve for
Emergencies ($6.8 million) to the Infrastructure Reserve
bringing the total available for infrastructure improve-
ments to $25.6 million. This transaction will be recorded
at the end of 2001-02.
ON
FU1VD
Capital Improvement Program (CIP) expenditures were
$6.7 million in 2000-01, which is $5.9 million less than the
prior year. When outstanding obligations are added to
expenditures, the Capital Projects Fund used about a
third of its budget. This result is due to unforeseen
project design and approval delays, difficulties in recruit-
ing staff during the strong economic period of 2000, and a
delay in awarding street maintenance projects to contrac-
tors. Expenditures for streets projects will increase in
2001-02 as projects move from design to construction
phases.
Transfers of resources into the Capital Projects Fund from
other funds declined by $2.3 million or 18 percent when
compared to the prior year. The primary component of
this decline was a decrease in the transfer from the Street
Improvement Fund to the Capital Projects Fund for a
pavement management grant from the County of Santa
Clara.
General Fund CIP projects in the amount of $.3 million
were closed out in 2000-01 and returned to reserves, com-
pared to $43,000 in 1999-00.
Operating transfers of resources "out" and "in" between City funds occur to
accomplish specific purposes. An example is a SpeCial Revenue Fund
transfer of grant funds to the Capital Projects Fund to construct streets and
sidewalks. Another example is an Enterprise Fund transfer to the General
Fund to provide a return on investment to the entire community from the
ratepayers>
INFRASTRUCTURE
The primary focus of Palo Alto's capital improvement
projects is the rehabilitation and replacement of the City's
General Fund infrastructure. Several years ago the City
inventoried, assessed and prioritized work on its build-
ings, facilities, streets, sidewalks, medians, bikeways,
parks and open space. This effort resulted in a long-term
plan to rehabilitate Palo Alto's General Fund infrastruc-
..••..••..•••..••.•.••••...•....•....••...••.•.•..•••...•...••....•....••...•...••...••..•••...••..•••...•••..•••..••.••••.••••.••••.•
6 Alfu
J)
PERFORMAICE IIGlllGITS
ture. In total, the City faces an infrastructure bill of $100
million over the next ten years. Palo Alto has begun to
ramp up infrastructure projects, and plans to increase the
budget from $7.3 million per year to approximately $10
million per year. This year, the City spent and committed
$4.2 million on infrastructure projects, compared to an
adjusted budget of $13.7 million. The lower than antici-
pated infrastructure expenditures were attributed to a
competitive employment market resulting in difficulty
recruiting key positions, extendEld public review of some
projects, and projects being in the design phase with con-
struction scheduled for next year. :'
Sidewalks: The budget for projects totaled $1.7 million
of which $1.4 million was completed by year end. Side-
walks were replaced in District 22, which is bounded by
Middlefield, Louis, Embarcadero and Oregon and, Dis-
trict 17 bounded by Oregon, Lorna Verde, Alma and
Waverley.
Streets: Capital Project Fund expenditures totaled $1.6
million out of a budget of $6.1 million. Part of the street
improvement funding supported completion of resurfac-
ing and slurry sealing work on selected streets through-
out the City. The street resurfacing project included a
major repair to University Circle and installation of new
concrete valley gutters on several streets in the Barron
Park Neighborhood. Expenditures do not reflect a con-
tract award of over $3.0 million that was erroneously
omitted from this category. This work is taking place now
and will be reflected in next year's report.
Medians, Islands, and Planters: Expenditures totaled
$.03 million out of a budget of $.4 million. These projects
included median renovations at Embarcadero Road/
Kingsley dead end and at Emerson and San Antonio
Road/Briarwood Way to Alma Street. The development
of landscape and hardscape design guidelines for EI
Camino Real, the first step in improving the scenic
impact of El Camino Real, are pending the securing of
grant funding and negotiations with CalTrans.
Buildings and Facilities: Expenditures totaled $.2 mil-
lion out of a budget of $2.5 million. These projects
included exterior maintenance of the Children's Theatre,
upgrade of building systems within the Civic Center and
Lucie Stem Community Center, replacement of the Civic
Center plaza deck expansion joint, and electrical
upgrades at various City facilities. This category suffered
from the difficulties of recruiting staff, project delays due
to uncertainty about overall infrastructure planning, and
the diversion of staff to other critical projects or studies
during the year.
Parks and Open Space: Expenditures totaled $.9 million
out of a budget of $2.9 million. These projects included
playground renovations and the addition of lighting fix-
tures at Mitchell Park, the renovation of the irrigation
system at Robles Park and Cubberley athletic fields, and
the restoration of trails, fences, picnic areas and camp-
grounds in Foothills Park, Baylands, and Arastradero
nature pres~rves. In addition, parking lots and entrance
ways within the Baylands Nature Preserve were repaired
and resurfaced. Most of the park projects were in design
phase in 2000-01 and expenses will increase as construc-
tion gets underway in 2002.
TECHNOLOGY
The 2000-01 CIP implemented the first year of the Infor-
mation Technology Strategic Plan with several new tech-
nology projects focused primarily on maintenance of
mission critical systems. Expenditures and commitments
amounted to $.5 million out of a budget of $1.0 million.
This result is due to a delay in a major reconstruction of
the computer room. At the present time, the electrical
supply in the computer room is insufficient to house any
new equipment needs. Actual expenses are expected to
increase in 2001-02 as construction of the new room is
completed.
Systems Maintenance: Projects include a single, central-
ized system and method to backup all City systems and
networks; acquisition of equipment to provide backup of
the existing network in the event of failure; and acquisi-
tion of systems management software.
Public Safety: Projects include software to assist the
Police Department in the investigation and prevention of
criminal activity; and software to assist City vehicles in
determining optimal routing during emergency func-
tions.
.........•......••.....•.•••...............•...•...•....•.....•.........•..•......••..•.•................•..........•...............•.
?» ) S> PlIFORMIICE IIGllIGITS
R~venues & Other Sources
Property taxes
Sales taxes
Utility users tax
Transient occupancy tax
Other taxes, fines & penalties
Service fees and pennits
Rental income
Other revenues
Transfers in from other funds
~':.'. ':;" ::<~.. , ,:S% ","0;:':~
Total Sourcesot';¥bnds
Expenditures & OtherUses
Administrative Departments
Community Services
Public Safety -Fire
Planning & Community Environment
Public Safety -Police
Public Works
School Site Operations
Non Departmental
Transfers out to other funds
":,'/ :>#%'\1\\ -: ,t-:;'~~<f~~~::::?:?:i~i _ '_>:j~f!-!:_ 'l'otalUSes o~l'WidS~li;> ,;;: ><,-,-",. ,-~,,/._ -.,.o".-__ -,_~_',L~, ,;:\\+,' ¥.'.e·,·,·,
N~t·SlltpIiis •. (Dei!~~~;~i;;;;.
Beginning Fund Balance
En~g;F.ilid B&~~~';i •• !,
Reserved for:
(1) Encumbrances
Notes
Inventory
' •.•. '."..... ", '" FT""" ,. R~~~d Fufid1iJ~f~.;~~,,;,
UnreservedlDesignated.for:
Unrealized gain on investments
(1) Reapporopriations
Budget stabilization
Emergencies
Infrastructure
Streets/sidewalks/school site projects
City of Palo Alto
GENERAL FUND RESULTS
Last Five Fiscal Years
($OOOs)
1996-97 1997-98 1998·99
$7,735 $8,903 $9,521
18,277 20,011 20,225
5,509 5,780 6,039
5,107 5,846 6,551
5,299 6,694 7,255
9,087 8,984 8,810
9,667 10,074 10,155
9,554 11,781 11,413
12,759 13,610 14,246
$82:994 ··$91,683 $94,215
$11,689 $12,987 $15,066
13,972 15,050 16,820
12,292 13,100 13,949
4,320 4,832 5,674
14,804 16,093 16,705
7,339 8,172 9,202
6,086 6,298 6,520
7,577 7,822 7,046
.~;;'$78W12· tij4,35~!: 11$90,982 .>#i<-.,,,,:: __ ' '::,_-....
33,660 38,575 45,904
$38,s75¥~:;!;·$t\S~;2'. < $.l9 f137: , , '.
$3,706 $5,036 $5,067
703 689 479
2,086 1,953 1,691
/$7;237;
$0 $450 $7
670
17,900 19,050 20,591
5,600 5,875 5,966
8,152 12,588 14,666
428 263
, . >.;, >_" ~.: ,,::':-'::~':_ ,n,; ',,',', ,,:-_ -__ -/': 1> ">: :""'-\"'--:~_ UnreservedlDesignated F,.ndB;dQnCei.,;\ 's'~ $32,080 $j8~~'6 ">, ;~i:900 -<.~
I ,
%Chg
1999-00 2000-01 1997-01
$10,770 $12,110 57%
22,867 25,786 41%
5,861 6,895 25%
8,293 9,359 83%
9,096 8,887 68%
12,408 12,743 40%
9,944 10,270 6%
12,358 16,611 74%
12,837 14,157 11%
$14)4,434 $116,818 4l%
$15,772 $18,557 59%
17,858 18,469 32%
14,512 15,973 30%
6,639 6,652 54%
17,666 18,306 24%
8,827 9,522 30%
6,927 7,301 20%
7,186 100%
9,605 10,221 35%
$9?iSOfti 0~i1Z1i11
" '.,.,;""
$7~f h
""""'"
49,137 55,765
~!2r~i55'765 ,<Y ~\>:;~ /' -, ;li\~~$60;j9ij
$12,045 $4,916 33%
649 1,140 62%
2,144 2,226 7%
"';;';~ti,,~S:li '3J i,,$8~8~. ~.23~
$0 $1,309 n.a.
612 749 n.a.
20,029 24,490 37%
6,388 6,777 21%
13,898 18,789 130%
n.a.
~J1:f~!~O~927 ?$sj,lf4 'f2%"
(1) In 1996·97 through 1997-98, reappropriations were included in the encumbrance reserve .
.................................................................................................................•....................
8
)
PERFORMAICE IIGILIGITS
PROPRIETARY FUNDS
PERFORMANCE
The City of Palo Alto operates seven Enterprise Funds
and four Internal Service Funds. Since the Internal Service
Funds allocate all their costs to other funds through user
charges, it is not meaningful to combine Internal Service
Fund financial data with that of Enterprise Funds. While
each Enterprise Fund stands on its, own and has no
responsibility to subsidize any other, it is useful to com-
bine financial data for all Enterprise Funds to evaluate the
total impact of enterprise operations on the financial
health of the City.
Proprietary funds account for businesslike operations that intend to"
recover their full cost through charges to customers and users. These
funds focus on financial position, emphasizing net income and retained
earnings. Proprietary fu nds use the same accounting principles as pri-
vate businesses called the full accrual basis. The City operates two
types of proprietary funds: Enterprise (sales to external customers) and
Internal Service (charges to City customers).
ON FUNDS
COMBINED ENTERPRISE VIEW
Enterprise Results: Enterprise Funds provided $235.6
million or 62.4 percent of the City's revenues in 2000-01.
This represents an increase of $82.0 million, or 53.4 per-
cent over the prior year. While revenues show remarkable
growth, expenditures remained constant as a percent of
revenue. This resulted in a 2000-01 net income of $49.3
million for combined Enterprise Funds, an increase of
$28.8 million over prior year performance. The Electric
Fund alone contributed net income of $42.7 million,
accounting for 86.6 percent of combined Enterprise Fund
net income. Sales of surplus electricity at higher than
anticipated prices drove its positive results in 2000-01. Net
income for the other Enterprise Funds for this year did not
vary significantly from the prior year.
Enterprise Fund Equity: Combined retained earnings at
June 30, 2001 rose to $409.2 million, a 13.7 percent increase
from the June 30, 2000 amount. In comparison, 1999-00 net
income of $20.5 increased retained earnings 6.0 percent
last year. Palo Alto has reserved portions of retained earn-
ings for all Enterprise Funds to supplement regular bud-
gets when unusual events, such as unseasonable weather
conditions, affect revenues or expenses negatively.
Ellergy Crisis: In 2000-01 the State began to face electric-
ity supply shortages resulting in rolling blackouts and
rapid increases in market prices. The City has taken a
number of actions to protect against the threat of
increased power purchase costs and rolling blackouts. It
has installed a Cooperatively Owned Backup Generator
(COBUG) to minimize the need for rolling blackouts and
implemented a program to reduce energy consumption in
the City. It has defended the Western Area Power Admin-
istration contract from going to market rates at the Federal
Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and in the PG&E
bankruptcy proceedings. It entered into a long-term elec-
tricity purchase contract to hedge its exposure to high
market prices. These actions combined with an overall
calming of the energy markets in California have substan-
tially reduced uncertainties faced by the City. Aggressive
customer conservation efforts, new generation plant addi-
tions, the economic slow-down, and interventions by the
Governor and PERC are expected to continue to ease the
energy crisis and its impact in Palo Alto.
Rate
Stabilization
Resenie
COmbined Enterprise Funds:
Retained Earnings ByType
at June 30, 2001
;',2<:.·'-
,} <,q~mmitr;:~tf
. ,"~ £c' FJetlPprop,~&
."c;""'Bond
ENTERPRISE HIGHLIGHTS & ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Electric Fund: Electric Fund rates were unchanged in
2000-01. This resulted in substantially the same level of
sales to residential, commercial and City departmental.
customers in 2000-01. Other operating revenues increased
..........................................................................•..........•.....•...................•...•.....•••........••
i-li!o
}
PERFORMAICE HIGHliGHTS
Year .ru,' ffH~"
by $68.7 million, primarily due to sales of surplus elec-
tricity. Operating expenditures remained constant as a
percent of revenues resulting in a 2000-01 net income of
$42.7 million, which is $28.3 million more than the 1999-
00 net income of $14.4 million. The Electric Fund ended
the year with retained earnings of $247.4 million. In 2000-
01, the Electric Fund completed:
• Construction in Underground District 37
• Sandhill Road improvements inclUding the 4 to 12
kV conversion at Stanford Shopping Center
• 815 customer plan reviews and 513 work orders for
new business and system improvements
• Replacement of 3,200 traffic signal lights and lighting
retrofits in 60 City buildings, partially funded by
State grants
Combined Enterprise Funds:
Revenue & Sources ($millions)
Other important accomplishments include:
• Launching the fiber to the home (FTIH) trial and
assembling the FfTH advisory team
• Reducing system service interruptions from 33 out-
ages to 29 outages in the last year
• Reducing the average outage minutes from 57 to 55
minutes per customer
Gas Fund: To cushion rate shock to Palo Alto residents
and businesses, the Gas Fund staggered the implementa-
tion of four retail gas rate increases during the year. This
resulted in a $6.6 million or 38.4 percent increase in reve-
nues during 2000-01. Wholesale gas supply prices surged
upward this fiscal year and gas purchases were $9.0 mil-
lion or 78.5 percent higher than the prior year. The City
entered into several fixed price gas purchase contacts and
Combined Enterprise Funds:
Expenses & Uses ($mill ions)
instituted a gas hedging program to protect against sky-
rocketing gas prices. In addition, Palo Alto offered large
customers the ability to enter into fixed price contracts to
hedge market price risk. Year end results went from a net
loss of $2.4 million in 1999-00 to a net loss of $4.5 million
in 2000-01, an adverse change of $2.1 million. After
deducting the year end loss, the ending rate stabilization
reserves were $2.3 million representing 9.8 percent of rev-
enues. The fund ended the year with retained earnings of
$42.7 million. In 2000-01, the Gas Fund completed:
• Installation of new gas service to COBUG at the MSC
• Relocation of all gas and water mains from the inte-
rior of the Stanford Shopping Center
• Construction of Gas Main Replacement Project 9
• 754 customer plan reviews for gas system improve-
ments and 379 service orders to install new gas ser-
vices and mains, and to demo existing gas services
"Fund equity" is the term used to describe the difference between assets
and liabilities for proprietary funds. It is called "retained earnings" and
consists of "unreserved" and "reserved" amounts."Unreserved retained
earnings" represents the net of long-term assets and liabilities and is
unavailable as a source of funds. "Reserved retained earnings" repre-
sents the net of current assets and liabilities and acts like the saving
account for the fund, with set-asides for particular purposes. Reserves
are available for expenditure appropriation, if necessary.
....••.......•••....................................•....••..................•............••••••........•..••.•.......................
10 Palo
~ ......... " ~
~
PEIFOIMIICE HIGHLIGHTS
Water Fund: Net income in 2000-01 increased by $.5
million to $2.9 million compared to 1999-00, resulting
from higher interest earnings. The Fund ended the year
with retained earnings of $40.6 million.
Combined Enterprise Funds:
Net Income ($millions)
In 2000-01, the Water Fund completed:
• Study of alternate supply options in case of short-
term and long-term supply deficiencies
• Construction of Water Main Replacement Project 14
consisting of 10,000 linear feet of new main
• Construction of the water reservoir access road
• Water system distribution-flushing program
• Modifications of the City's water distribution
system serving the Stanford Shopping Center
• 754 customer plan reviews for water system
improvements and 75 service orders to install
new water services, mains, and to demo exist-
ing water services
Wastewater Collection Fund: Net income
declined by $.9 million or 22.5 percent from 1999-
00 to $3.0 million in 2000-01. The Fund ended the
year with retained earnings of $42.2 million. In
2000-01, the Wastewater Collection Fund com-
pleted:
• Amarillo/Embarcadero Relief Sewer Project,
negotiating and settling with Mountain Cas-
cade, Inc. for $480,000
754 plans for wastewater system improve-
ments and 29 service orders to install new
wastewater services and mains
Wastewater Treatment Fund: Net income increased by
$1.4 million from $.4 million in 1999-00 to $1.8 million in
2000-01. The Fund ended the year with retained earnings
of $11.7 million. In 2000-01 the Regional Water Quality
Control Plant (RWQCP) treated 9,243 million gallons of
wastewater for Palo Alto and its five partner cities. This
fiscal year the Fund completed the rehabilitation and test-
ing of two sludge incinerators at the RWQCP. This project
was financed by a bond issuance to improve the reliabil-
ity and performance of the two incinerators. The rehabili-
tated incinerators are equipped with state-of-the-art
emission control devices. The products of the rehabili-
tated incineration process are non-hazardous ash and
have a very clean exhaust.
Refuse Fund: Net income increased by $1.3 million or
90.4 percent from $1.4 million in 1999-00 to $2.7 million in
2000-01. The Fund ended the year with retained earnings
of $19.7 million. This is the second full year of refuse ser-
vice under the new agreement with Palo Alto Sanitation
Company (PASCO) after its acquisition by Waste Man-
agement Inc. In 2000-01, the Refuse Fund completed:
• Diversion of 59 percent of the waste sent to the land-
fill exceeding the State mandate of 50 percent diver-
sion
• Addition of mixed paper and colored #2 plastic bot-
tles to curbside recycling collection
Combined Enterprise Funds: Reserved
Retained Earnings by Fund at June 30, 2001
Wastewater
Wastewater ; Collection:
$15,081,0(X)
Storm Drainage
$1,265,000
.•.........•••.•••............••.....•......•••••............•..•....•............•.•.••.....•..••••••......•..•.••...••....
Alto
f)) :z> PERF.I.UCE HIGHLIGHTS
...... Fiscal 2000-01
• Implementation of a clean up day for residents that provides an opportunity to dispose of large amounts of waste
and debris at no additional cost one time per year
• Partial closure of another section of the landfill in preparation for conversion to Byxbee Park.
Storm Drainage Fund: Net income increased $.3 million from $.4 million in 1999-00 to $.7 million in 2000-01, prima-
rily due to a $1.0 million transfer from the General Fund. The Fund ended the year with retained earnings of $4.9 mil-
lion. In the fall of 2000, the City unsuccessfully sought property owner approval of a rate increase to fund augmented
maintenance and future capital activities. The City currently is exploring other options for funding the necessary capi-
tal and maintenance work. The Rate Stabilization Reserve has a balance of $.3 million mainly to cover bond covenant
requirements related to debt service capacity.
Palo Alto worked cooperatively with member agenCies of the San Francisquito Creek Joint Powers Authority on the
planning and design of a levee restoration project along San Francisquito Creek near Highway 101. The project will
provide increased flood protection to residents and businesses along the lower reaches of the creek and is scheduled
for construction in Suriuner 2002.
SPOTLIGHT ON INTERNAL FUNDS
The Vehicle Maintenance & Replacement Fund purchased ten police vehicles, one sandbagger, 29 light duty trucks and
vans, nine cargo trailers, one landfill tractor, one automobile, and golf course equipment;
The Computer Replacement Fund purchased and installed 220 personal computers;
The Printing &iMailing Fund billed City departments for $.7 million in services, a reduction of $.1 million from the
prior year. The Fund ended the year with expenses exceeding revenues by $.1 million .
.••..•.••...••......•....••...•••...••••..••••.••••...•••..•••.•.••••..••••..•.••...•••...•••.....•.....•.....••..•.•..•••••..•••.•.••
12
", PERFORMINCE HllHlllHTS
l-ear
city of Palo Alto
ENTERPRISE FUND RESULTS
Year ended June 30, 2001
($0008)
Water Electric Gas WWC wwr Refuse TOTAL
Revenues
Sales -customers
Sales -city departments
Sales -wholesale
Other operating revenues
Non-operating revenues
Expenses & Net Transfers
Purchase of utilities
Administration & general
Operations, maintenance & other
Depreciation & amortization
Non-operating expenses
Net transfers
, :\? '-~: < ~:': \~~ :~:-:);,'-'" ~:-: ,;Qses of ~ndS;
Rate stabilization
Emergency plant replacement
Calaveras
Reappropriations
Commitments
Restricted Bond Proceeds
Underground loan
Conservation loan
Refuse Water Resources Board
Shasta rewind loan
Central Valley Project
Public benefit program
.e,dlte~a¥
$14,781
660
513
1,207
'$17,161
$5,969
1,603
3,484
878
$7,025
904
3,608
1,155
$51,536 -$22,529
i,545 657
4,065
74,408 483
10,413 831
;::z/'/
~1~1,9()7:
$57,764
4,531
14,865
4,281
10,056
7,740
$64,971
2,252
64,780
9,266
6,676
623
64
.... $~,sOO
$20,563
2,023
2,935
1,160
4
2,320
$2,315
783
2,076
1,720
34
$8,760
155
902
1,599
$11,416
, ,u,'/-/Yhyfy: _." .. ,,/-
$4,974
524
1,575
1,069
89
$6,759
450
2,980
4,892
$0
5,031
8,868
741
$14,640
$0
1,375
9,072
2,186
190
49
$5,623
1,455
536
2,588
184
$18,496 $2,013
639 114
3,028 2
1,560 15
-_F'"," :~~'~<
~~.723 "$~.1~
$7,699
1,247
11,376
218
395
48
$11,102
1,496
825
590
$0
581
$334
663
116
152
$118,115
8,801
4,065
88,204
16,366
$235.551
$96,969
11,884
44,481
10,179
10,997
11,693
$98,129
5,844
64,780
20,625
17,972
336
623
34
590
64
•.....••.•.............................................................•.•••••.....•••.............•.•.....•........••••.......•••••.•
l~f Ito 13
-~.) '~RFORMI.CE .HIGHLIGIITS
Flfu:al 20()()-Ol
City of Palo Alto
COMBINED ENTERPRISE FUNDS RESULTS
Last Five Fiscal Years
($OOOs)
1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00
Revenues
Sales -customers $117,677 $121,777 $123,083 $114,573
Sales -city departments 7,072 7,332 7,912 7,895
Sales -wholesale 11,445 5,641 4,582
Other operating revenues 19,503 15,791 18,867 18,419
Non-operating revenues 7,663 10,002 8,555 8,058
tottltSoJi&s ~ffuds. $151,9150 $166,347
;, ,
$164,058 $153,527"
Expenses,& Net Transfers
Purchase of utilities $50,548 $57,778 $51,262 $47,984
Administration & general 7,202 7,953 10,065 10,677
Operations, maintenance & other 35,572 38,762 39,414 41,128
Depreciation & amortization 8,257 8,746 9,191 9,640
Non-operating expenses 10,348 12,289 12,147 12,009
Net Transfers 12,306 12,623 12,370 11,567
~~taI:iffs~,~fF:.mds $124;233 $l'3$:~iSr!i; y. $134449 .. . ~ ... $133,005
'~.·~.i~.$.~7,6.82 . .... {.$.' ... 28 ... · .v,.if96:~;;:;'~$29ii,;~09i["
'm·', .... ",', .," ~>. ".' ':' '·'d/u/ "';"",,>'."'< "". ,'>. '"
253,869 281,551 309,747 Beginning Retained Earnings
:F;hdi:i!?~Re~~:Eriridh~{i v. t~~~ I$281,s51$3()~,747 ~,~3$l
Reserved RtitaineclEarnings:
Rate stabilization
Emergency plant replacement
Calaveras
Reappropriations & Commitments
Restricted bond proceeds
Underground loan
Conservation loan
Refuse Water Resources Board
Shasta rewind loan
Central Valley Project
Public benefit program
IJDreserved~:Retaihed Earnings:
ti~~rt:dR~taii7~c&tnlKg$
$ 66,858 $ 63,940
5,102 5,354
41,680 55,583
22,061 27,714
600
632
472
2,954
688
$140,504 $151,053
$ 71,589 $ 73,870
5,568 5,612
71,072 68,013
21,606 26,117
2,271 2,750
600 613
634 634
590 590
867 64
990 908
2,172 2,322
$177,959' $181,493
$16i,3ri~Jt$178,j$s
$
%Chg
2000-01 1997-01
$118,115 0%
8,801 24%
4,065 -64%
88,204 352%
16,366 114%
$235i5~:L 55%
92%
65%
25%
23%
6%
-5%
47%
15%
55%
75%
n.a.
4%
-95%
25%
-98%
2%
42%
fZ:~!{$i~~3
.••.•.........•.................•....•...............................................•....•..•............•..•..•••••.•..........•••••
Alto
t
PERFORMANCE HIGHliGHTS
Year
TRENDS & CHALLENGES
STATE AND REGIONAL ECONOMIC TRENDS
Fiscal year 2000-01 effectively ended the nation's longest
economic expansion in history. During the eight or nine
years prior to and including part of 2000-01, the nation
was in the midst of the most prosperous economic period
ever experienced. It was the age of the new technology .
and unsurpassed venture capital investments. It was a
time of strong consumer confidence, stock options, high
productivity, new highs on Wall Street, and unprece-
dented spending. It was also a lucrative time for Federal
State and local governments, adding abundant tax reve-'
nue receipts to their coffers. However, starting with the
spring of 2000, there were signs that this impressive eco-
nomic growth was coming to an end. The City of Palo
Alto began fiscal year 2000-01 with evidence that the
economy was slowing.
General Fund: Fund Balance
($m ill ions)
96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01
It was to be a year marked by massive dot-com company
closures, along with thousands of job cuts and layoffs,
bringing the nation to the edge of recession. Silicon Valley
~d the S~ate played a major role in the economic expan-
Sion and 10 the devastating contraction, posing signifi-
cant challenges for local government General Fund
finances. Bay Area cities would be the hardest hit eco-
~omically due to the high concentration of high tech
firms. This economic correction has also contributed to
the slowdown of supporting sectors such as business ser-
vices, office equipment and consumer spending, further
impacting the finances of local governments.
As the year progressed, evidence of the economic down-
turn became more obvious. While in 2000 Santa Clara
County's unemployment rate was at a record low of 1.7
percent, data from the federal government shows that
local unemployment rate has since risen steadily to about
4.2 percent in June 2001. Growth in property values was
also impacted. In some areas commercial real estate
vacancy rates were hitting new highs compared to a near
zero rate of a year ago. On the residential side, the State's
Department of Finance reported that, "home sales have
slowed the most dramatically in the San Francisco Bay
Area."
It. is anticipated ~t further slowdown is likely. Tom
Lieser, of UCLA s Anderson Forecast believes that Cali-
fornia's slowdown will produce negative growth in real
personal income and gross state product for the remain-
der of 2001. Gains in California taxable sales in 2001 will
be the weakest since 1993. Lieser predicts much weaker
growth in jobs through 2002, including a substantial
slowdown in the service sector of the California economy,
and a rising unemployment rate.
The implications of Lieser's forecast portend trouble for
revenue sources supporting local governments. A slow-
down in economically sensitive revenue areas such as
sales and hotel taxes means that the City must monitor
these carefully and plan for any shortfalls.
LOCAL ECONOMIC TRENDS
Unlike many other cities, Palo Alto has been fortunate in
having a broad revenue base. City revenues are distrib-
u.t~d among many diverse sources. Howeve:ft like many
Cities, several of Palo Alto's major revenue soun:es have
been affected by the current economic slowdown. Sales
tax is one of the City's primary revenue sources, account-
ing for over 18 percent of its total Governmental Fund
revenue. Recently, Bay Area cities have experienced as
much as a 30 percent decline from quarter to quarter in
sales tax. Palo Alto's 2000-01, 4th quarter drop of 12 per-
cent places it roughly in the middle of Santa Clara
County cities. Palo Alto's well-balanced sales tax base
......•••........................•••....................•••••••.......••••........•••.•....... .......••...........••••..........•••...
tl) t> P~RFORMIICE HIGHLIGHTS
FIscal
and its major regional shopping center has helped to
cushion falling sales tax receipts.
In addition to its diverse sales tax base, Palo Alto is
home to a wide array of many large, medium and small
firms. Industries with more than 1,000 employees
include higher education, satellite communications,
medical research and outpatient services, electronics,
pharmaceuticals, corporate law and government. It is
expected that during the economic recovery, this diver-
sity will contribute to a more balanced rebound as well.
GENERAL FUND AND CAPITAL CHALLENGES ;'
A considerable number of financial challenges, real and
potential, face the City. Given the current state of the
Combined Enterprise Funds:
Total Retained Earnings ($millions)
economy and the projection of modest General Fund surpluses of revenues over adjusted expenditures, it is necessary
for the City to plan more prudently. There is no consensus among economists on the length or the depth of the current
economic slowdown. But the slowdown is here. It has negatively impacted the City's revenue sources without lifting
too much of the responsibilities and commitments. Furthermore, other challenges exist. For example, the negative eco-
nomic situation could affect the State Retirement System investments and affect the contributions that are required of
the City. New contracts with Safety personnel also increase the City's financial commitments. California cities could
also be adversely affected by the State's economic woes. During economic budget crises in the past, the State solved its
funding gap by reallocating and reducing local revenues. Such a possibility still exists. Staff is in the midst of making
budget adjustments in the current year to ensure that current infrastructure goals are met. New infrastructure and cap-
ital projects, such as library improvements, also place added demands on the City for which funding has yet to be
identified.
It is hopeful that the economic downturn will be short lived and the rebound will be in the near future. It is uncertain
however as to the nature and timing of the recovery. Local housing and real estate shortages, traffic congestion, and
the high cost-of-living are disincentives for companies and employees to locate in the area. Given the current economic
conditions, the City is working hard to manage its finances carefully and to prioritize operational services and capital
spending.
ENTERPRISE FUND CHALLENGES
The City continues to face the challenges of the deregulated marketplace for the electric and natural gas industries.
The 1998 deregulation of the electric industry in California exhibited major flaws as witnessed by the electric supply
shortages and rolling blackouts experienced in California this fiscal year. The actions taken by the State, the price caps
imposed by FERC, and active conservation efforts undertaken by all Californians brought back a level of calm to the
energy supply markets by the end of Summer 2001. In 2000-01, natural gas prices rose to unprecedented levels, requir-
ing the City to institute series of rate increases during the fiscal year. The City continues to improve upon its rate set-
ting methodologies and actively manage its energy supply portfolio to effectively handle the wholesale energy price
volatility that exists in these deregulated industries. Another key Enterprise Fund challenge will be finding a solution
to the financial condition of the Storm Drainage Fund. This Fund has depleted its reserves and is being balanced by
the General Fund.
WORKFORCE CHALLENGES
For most of 2000-01, the employment market in the Bay Area was extremely competitive. The low unemployment rate,
as low as 1.7 percent in December of 2000, made it difficult to recruit personnel. The City carried a high number of
vacancies, especially in Police and key capital project positions. The year 2001 has brought a fast increase in the unem-
ployment numbe~ which now stands at over 6 percent. This change has provided additional potential employees, but
the downturn in the economy has forced staff to implement a voluntary job freeze. Staff faces some challenges, but will
not sacrifice public safety or essential services in order to meet budget requirements and goals .
......••••.....................•.............•..................................•••.•••••......•...............••.....................
.. ' t) t> .EBFDBMAIICE HIGHliGHTS
: Fiscal Year 2000-01
!2Lcknowfe c£gements
The City of Palo Alto greatly
appreciates the work of these
and all the individuals who
have assisted in the assemblage
of this document.
Contributors Sharon Bozman
Trudy Eikenberry
Darryl Fair
Judith Hejza
Graphics Cherie McFadden
Julie Pai
Lalo Perez
Charles Perl
Rosemary Ralston
......................................................................................................................................
Cit)' of Palo Alto 17
• ~ PERFORMANCE HIGHliGHTS
'/;,1" Fiscal Year 2000-01
The City of Palo Alto
P.o. Box 10250
Palo Alto, CA 94303
650.329.2100
Visit our website at: www.city.palo-alto.ca.us
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18 City of Palo Alto