HomeMy WebLinkAbout2007-11-26 Ordinance 4975,;
ORDINANCE NO. 4975
ORDINANCE OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PALO ALTO
REPEALING AND REENACTING TITLE 15 OF THE PALO ALTO
MUNICIPAL CODE TO ADOPT THE CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE, 2007
EDITION, AND LOCAL AMENDMENTS THERETO, AND CHAPTERS
3, 4, 5, AND 25 AND CHAPTER ONE APPENDIX OF THE
INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE
The Council of the City of Palo Alto does ORDAIN as follows:
SECTION 1. Title 15 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code is hereby amended by repealing
in its entirety Title 15 and enacting a new Title 15 to read as follows:
15.04 CALIFORNIA FIRE CODE
15.04.010 Adoption of the California Fire Code.
The California Fire Code, 2007 Edition, as adopted by the California Code of Regulations
Title 24, Part 9, and Appendices Band C, is adopted as herein amended. One copy ofthe California
Fire Code is on file and open to public inspection in the office of the city clerk. Additional copies of
the secondary codes set forth within the California Fire Code, and the amendments set forth in this
chapter, are on file and open to public inspection in the fire department administrative office.
Whenever the phrase "California Fire Code" appears in this code or in any ordinance of
the city, such phrase shall be deemed and construed to refer to and apply to the "California Fire
Code, 2007 Edition" as adopted by the California Code of Regulations Title 24, Part 9 and this
======~ectUhmapreLI.======================================================================
15.04.020 Sections 105.3.8 through 105.3.9 added-PermitslPermit fees.
Sections 105.3.8 through 105.3.9 are added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
105.3.8 PermitslPermit fees. All permit fees shall be established by the City
Council as set forth in the municipal fee schedule.
Section 105.3.9 Operational Permits. Operational permits are valid for one year at
which time they must be renewed by paying a fee specified in the municipal fee
schedule.
071029 cjs 8260586 1
15.04.030 Table 105.6.8 amended-Permit amounts for compressed gases.
Table 10S.6.8 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
TABLE 105.6.8
PERMIT AMOUNTS FOR COMPRESSED GASESI
TYPE OF GAS AMOUNT(cubic feet)2
X 0.0283 for m3
Corrosive 200
Flammable (except cryogenic and liquefied petroleum gases) 200
Highly toxic Any amount
Inert and simple asphyxiant 6,000
Irritant 200
Moderatelv toxic 20
Other health hazards 6S0
Uxidizing (including oxygen) S04
T"l. _1. A .... " ameunt
Radioactive Any amount
Sensitizer 200
Toxic Any Amount
) Any amount
-.J For SI. 1 CUbIC foot -0.02832m .
1 Refer to Chapters 27, 30, 32, 3S, 37, 40 and 41 for additional requirements and
exceptions.
2 Cubic feet measured at normal Temperature and pressure.
15.04.040 Table 105.6.20 amended-Permit amounts for hazardous materials.
Table lOS.6.20 ofthe California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
TABLE 105.6.20
PERMIT AMOUNTS FORHAZARDOUSMATERIALSI
Carcino ens
Combustible Ii uids
Corrosive materials:
Gases
Liquids
Solids
C 0 ens
Flammable materials:
Gases
Liquids
Solids
071029 cjs 8260586
TYPE OF MATERIAL
2
AMOUNT
10 ounds
See Section lOS.6.16
See Section lOS.6.8
SS gallons
SOO unds
See Section 10S.6.8
See Section lOS.6.16
10 ounds
Highly toxic materials:
Gases Any amount
Liquids Any amount
Solids Any amount
Moderately toxic gas 20 cubic feet
Organic peroxides:
Liquids: Class I-IV Any Amount
Liquids: Class V No Permit Required
Solids: Class I-IV Any Amount
Solids: Class V No Permit Required
Oxidizing materials:
Gases 504 Cubic Feet
Liquids Any amount
Solids: Any amount
Other health hazards:
Liquids 55 gallons
~01iElB ~QQ-f'0unElB
Pyrophoric materials:
Gases Any amount
Liquids Any amount
Solids Any amount
Radioactive materials:
Gases Any Amount
Liquids See Section 105.6.47
Solids See Section 105.6.47
Toxic materials:
Gases Any amount
Liquids Any amount
Solids Any amount
Unstable (reactive) materials:
Gases Any amount
Liquids Any amount
-~ ~~ -~~ ~~~ ~~ ~-~~~ -~-~~~~ ~~~ ~-~--~--
uoHus Any-amount
Water reactive materials:
Liquids Any amount
Solids Any amount
For SI: 1 gallon = 3.785 L, 1 pound = 0.454kg.
a. 20 gallons when Table 2703.1.1(1) Note k applies and hazard identification signs in
accordance with Section 2703.5 are provided for quantities of20 gallons or less.
b. 200 pounds when Table 2703.1.1(1) Note k applies and hazard identification signs in
accordance with Section 2703.5 are provided for quantities of200 pounds or less.
15.04.050 Sections 105.6.48 through 105.6.49 added -Permits required.
Sections 105.6.48 through 105.6.49 are added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
105.6.48 Radioactive materials. To store or handle at any installation more than one
071029 cjs 8260586 3
microcurie (37,000 becquerel) of radioactive material not contained in a sealed
source or more than 1 millicurie (37,000,000 becquerel) of radioactive material in a
sealed source or sources, or any amount of radioactive material for which a specific
licenses from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission is required.
105.6.49 Day Care Permit. To operate a day care facility for more than six children
or adults.
15.04.060 Sections 105.7.14 through 105.7.15 added.
Sections 105.7.14 through 105.7.15 are added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
105.7.14 Cryogenic fluids. Except where federal or state regulations apply and
except for fuel systems of the vehicle, to produce, store or handle cryogens in excess
ofthe amounts listed in Table 105.6.10, to install a cryogenic vessel or piping system
for the or distribution of See 32.
-------105.7.1-5-Hnderground-F-ire-8erv-iee-bines,instaUation-or-modifieation.
15.04.070 Sections 105.8.1 and 105.8.2 added -Fire and life safety.
Subsections 105.8.1 and 105.8.2 are added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
105.8.1 Fire and life-safety plan review. Fire and life-safety plan review of all new
construction, all remodels, and all additions.
105.8.2 Floor plans. The Fire Chief may require floor plans, on-site hydrant
locations, hazardous materials locations, and other significant design elements to be
provided in a format compatible with the City's Geographic Infonnation System
(GIS) at time of construction. This requirement applies to newly constructed
buildings over two stories in height or over 15,000 square feet in floor area for single
or aggregate buildings, and to facilities where hazardous materials are used or stored
in quantities exceeding pennit amounts in Section 105.
15.04.080 Section 105.9 added -Certified Unified Program Agency Fees.
Section 105.9 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
105.9 Certified Unified Program Agency (CUP A) Fees. Pursuant to the Participating
Agency Agreement between the County of Santa Clara and the City of Palo Alto dated
July 1, 1997, or as amended, the Fire Department is authorized to collect fees
associated with the CUP A programs. The CUP A fees will be collected on an annual
basis or as specified in the Palo Alto Fire Department Fee Schedule.
15.04.090 Section 106.1 amended -Inspection authority.
Section 106.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
071029 cjs 8260586 4
106.1 Inspection authority. The fire code official is authorized to inspect, as often
as necessary, buildings and premises, including such other hazards or appliances
designated by the fire code official for the purposes of ascertaining and causing to be
corrected any conditions which would reasonably tend to cause fire or contribute to
its spread, result in an unauthorized discharge of hazardous materials, or any
violation of this code or any other law or standard affecting fire and life safety.
15.04.100 Section 109.1.2 added -Enforcement/citation authority.
Section 109.1.2 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
109.1.2 Enforcement/citation authority The following designated employee
positions may enforce the provisions of this chapter by the issuance of citations.
Persons employed in such positions are authorized to exercise the authority provided
~~ in Penal Code Section 816.5mandare authorized to issue citations for violations mofmm
this chapter. The designated employee positions are: Fire Chief, Deputy Fire Chief,
----F .... l.-·re~M .. arslial;Fiie Inspector, Hazardous Materials Specialist and Hazardous
Materials Inspector.
15.04.110 Section 109.3 amended -violations and penalties.
Section 109.3 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
Any person, firm or corporation violating any provision of this Title 15 shall be
deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be punished as
provided in subsection (a) of Section 1.08.010 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code.
Each separate day or any portion thereof during which any violation of the fire code
occurs or continues shall be deemed to constitute a separate offense, and upon
conviction thereof shall be punishable as herein provided.
15.04.120 Definitions added to section 202-"Device" and "Workstation."
============±Tflihe~mf1~OtHll!Towi:mf-aefiflitions-are-adaed-te-Seetien~m-0fthe-Gali-femia Fire-Goae-te-reacl:M:fel1ews:
DEVICE. Device is, for the purpose of Exhibit "A," an appliance or piece of
equipment that plays an active part in the proper functioning of the regulated systems.
Examples include, but are not limited to the following: smoke detectors, heat detectors,
flame detectors, manual pull stations, horns, alarms, bells, warning lignts, hydrants,
risers, FDCs, standpipes, strobes, control panels, transponders, and other such
equipment used to detect, transmit, initiate, annunciate, alarm, or respond according to
the system design criteria.
WORKSTATION is a defined space or independent principal piece of equipment
using hazardous materials where a specific function, laboratory procedure or research
activity occurs. Approved or listed hazardous materials storage cabinets, flammable
liquid storage cabinets or gas cabinets serving a workstation are included as part of
the workstation. A workstation is allowed to contain ventilation equipment, fire
071029 cjs 8260586 5
protection devices, electrical devices, and other processing and scientific equipment.
15.04.130 Section 304.1.2.1 added -Weed removal.
Section 304.1.2.1 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
304.1.2.1 Weed removal. The fire chief may cause the removal of weeds or
combustible debris on properties in which further delay of such removal would
promote a hazard. The chief may also at his option bill subject properties for any and
all expenses related to the removal or as outlined in Chapter 8.08 of the Palo Alto
Municipal Code.
15.04.140 Sections 311.5 through 311.5.3 deleted.
Sections 311.5 through 311.5.3 of the California Fire Code are deleted.
-----15;~150 Section-50B.l-amended~BuHdings-and-facilitiesc-. ----------------
Section 503.1.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
503.1.1 Buildings and facilities. Approved fire apparatus access roads shall be
provided for every facility, building or portion of a building hereafter constructed or
moved into or within the jurisdiction. The fire apparatus access road shall comply
with the requirements of this section and shall extend within 150 feet 945,720 mm)
of all portions of the facility and all portions of the exterior walls of the first story of
the building as measured by an approved route around the exterior of the building or
facility.
Exception: When Group R, Division 3, or Group U occupancies are
equipped throughout with an approved automatic fire sprinkler system, the
provisions of Sections 503.1.1 and 503.2.1 may be modified by the fire code
official.
15.04.160 Section 503.2.1 amended -Dimensions.
Section 503.2.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
503.2.1 Dimensions. Fire apparatus access roads shall have an unobstructed width of
not less than 20 feet (6096 mm), except for approved security gates in accordance
with Section 503.6, and an unobstructed vertical clearance of 13 feet 6 inches (4115
mm).
Exception: When there are not more than two Group R, Division 3, or Group
U occupancies, the access road width may be modified by the fire code
official.
15.04.170 Section 504.4 amended -Access Control Devices.
Section 504.4 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
504.4 Access Control Devices. When access control devices including bars, grates,
gates, electric or magnetic locks or similar devices, which would inhibit rapid fire
department emergency access to the building, are installed, such devices shall be
071029 cjs 8260586 6
approved by the fire code official. All access control devices shall be provided with
an approved means for deactivation or unlocking by the fire department.
Access control devices shall also comply with Chapter 10 Egress.
15.04.180 Section 507.4 added -Roof guardrails at interior courts.
Section 507.4 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
507.4 Roof guardrails at interior courts. Roof openings into interior courts that are
bounded on all sides by building walls shall be protected with guardrails. The top of
the guardrail shall not be less than 42 inches in height above the adjacent roof surface
that can be walked on. Intermediate rails shall be designed and spaced such that a 12-
inch diameter sphere cannot pass through.
Exception: Where the roof opening is greater than 600 square feet in area.
15.04.190 Section 511.1 added -Emergency communications systems.
-----SeGtion-5--1-1~I-i_s-added-to-the-Ca1ifomia-Eire-Code-to-read-as-foUow_s~: ---------------
511.1 Emergency communications systems. New buildings, or buildings expanding
by more than 20%, or buildings in which a change in occupancy classification occurs
which can not support adequate emergency radio coverage shall be provided with an
approved system or equipment that will allow for adequate emergency radio
coverage.
15.04.200 Section 603.4.2 added -Portable Fueled Open-Flame Heating Appliances.
Section 603.4.2 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
603.4.2 Portable Fueled Open-Flame Heating Appliances. Use of portable fueled
open-flame heating devices shall be as approved by the fire code official.
15.04.210 Section 605.11 added -Immersion Heaters.
Section 605.11 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
605.11 Immersion Heaters. All electrical immersion heaters used in dip tanks,
sinks, vats and similar operations shall be provided with approved over-temperature
controls and low liquid level electrical disconnects. Manual reset of required
protection devices shall be provided.
15.04.220 Section 608.6.3 added -Failure of Ventilation System.
Section 608.6.3 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
608.6.3 Failure of Ventilation System. Failure of the ventilation system shall
automatically disengage the charging system.
15.04.230 Section 903.2 amended -Automatic sprinkler systems, Where Required.
Section 903.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
071029 cjs 8260586 7
903.2 Automatic sprinkler systems, Where Required. Approved automatic
sprinkler systems in new buildings and structures and in existing modified buildings
and structures, shall be provided in the locations described in this section. Automatic
fire sprinklers shall be installed per the requirements set forth in Sections 903.2.1
through 903.2.13 and as follows, whichever is the more restrictive:
1. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all new buildings
that have a fire area in excess of 3600 square feet or that are three (3) or more
stories in height.
2. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all existing
buildings, where the principal occupancy classification is changed or when
modifications are made that increases the fire area to more than 3600 square feet
______ ----:o=r~i~n~cr~e=_ases the l1Umber of stories t()~~~~--,,(3--,,)_0_r_m_or_e_. _____ ~ __
Exception: One-time additions to existing buildings made after January 1,1994
that-clo-not-e':)f:ceecl-;5QQ-square-feet-in-bui-lding--areac-. ---
3. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all new buildings
located in the designated Wildland-Urban Interface areas.
Exception: Any non-residential accessory structures to single family residences
that have a fire area of 500 square feet or less.
4. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided throughout all existing buildings
located in the designated Wildland-Urban Interface areas when modifications are
made that increases the fire area.
Exception: One-time additions to existing buildings made after January 1, 1994
that do not exceed 500 square feet in fire area.
15.04.240 Section 903.3.1.3.1 added -Garages and attics.
Section 903.3 .1.3.1 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
903.Y.-1-.;S.16arages-and attics. Garages shall be fullyprotected-toNFPA:13 density---
for Ordinary Hazard, Group 1. Attics shall be fully protected to residential density or
light hazard as appropriate for the slope of ceiling and configuration of framing.
Exception: Garages and attics in one-and two-family dwellings not located in
the Wildland Urban Interface area.
15.04.250 Section 903.3.1.2.2 added -Attics and usable crawl spaces.
Section 903.3.1.2.2 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
903.3.1.2.2 Attics and usable crawl spaces. Attics and usable under-floor spaces
including crawl spaces shall be fully protected to residential or light hazard density as
appropriate for the slope of the ceiling and configuration of framing.
15.04.260 Section 903.3.7 amended -Fire department connections.
071029 cjs 8260586 8
Section 903.3.7 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
903.3.7 Fire department connections. Sprinkler systems shall be equipped with a
minimum two-way Siamese Fire Department connection. Connections shall be
located on a street front not less than three (3) feet or more than four (4) feet above
grade and shall be equipped with an approved straightway check valve. Locations
shall be subject to approval by the Fire Chief prior to any installation.
Exception: Automatic sprinkler systems installed in accordance with the
NFPA standards 13-D, and 13-R, may have a single 2-1I2-inch connection
with approved straightway check valve.
15.04.270 Section 903.4.3 amended -Floor control valves.
Section 903.4.3 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
903.4.3 Floor control valves. Automatic sprinkler systems serving buildings two (2)
or more stories in height shall have valves installed so as to control the system
--------.inciepenciently-on-each-fioor-incluciing-basements-. -------------------
Exception: Buildings not over three (3) stories in height containing only R-3
occupancies, or with 10,000 square feet or less above the first story.
Floor control valves shall be protected from tampering by installation in lockable
enclosures or as approved by the chief. Flow control valve assemblies shall be
provided with a flow switch and drain connections.
15.04.280 Section 1404.8 added -Fire Walls.
Section 1404.8 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
1404.8 Fire Walls. When firewalls are required, the wall construction shall be
completed (with all openings protected) immediately after the building is sufficiently
weather-protected at the location of the walles).
1y.04-;290 Se-ctiuJrI411.1 amended -Stairways-Reljuired.
Section 1411.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
1411.1 Stairways Required. Each level above the first story in new multi-story
buildings shall be provided with at least two usable exit stairways after the floor
decking is installed. The stairways shall be continuous and discharge to grade level.
Stairways serving more than two floor levels shall be enclosed (with openings
adequately protected) after exterior walls/windows are in place. Exit stairs in new and
in existing, occupied buildings shall be lighted and maintained clear of debris and
construction materials at all times.
071029 cjs 8260586
Exception: For new multi-story buildings, one of the required exit stairs may
be obstructed on not more than two contiguous floor levels for the purposes
of stairway construction (i.e., installation of gypsum board, painting, flooring,
etc.).
9
15.04.295 Section 1411.1.1 added -Required Means Of Egress.
Section 1411.1.1 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
1411.1.1 Required Means Of Egress. All new buildings under construction shall
have a least one unobstructed means of egress. All means of egress shall be identified
in the Fire Protection Plan.
15.04.300 Section 1802.1 amended -Definition of "continuous gas detection system."
The definition of "Continuous Gas Detection System" in Section 1802.1 of the California Fire Code
is amended to read:
CONTINUOUS GAS DETECTION SYSTEM. An approved gas detection system
where the analytical instrument is maintained in continuous operation and sampling
_______ ~1=· sp~Jformed without interruption. Analy~!~j~~lowed to be perforl11ed op:a~cy~c~l~ic~al ______ _
basis at intervals not to exceed 30 minutes. In occupied areas where air is re-
---------..circulated-and-not-exhausted-to-a-treatment-system-Ee;;g:-breathing-zone);-the-Ghief
may require a cyclical basis at intervals not to exceed 5 minutes. The gas detection
system shall be able to detect the presence of a gas at or below the permissible
exposure limit in occupiable areas and at or below Va IDLH (or 0.05 LC 50 if no
established IDLH) in unoccupiable areas.
15.04.310 Section 1908.7.1 added -Fire Protection Water Supply System.
Section 1908.7.1 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
1908.7.1 Fire Protection Water Supply System. An approved fire protection water
supply system suitable for the fire hazard involved shall be provided for open storage
yards.
15.04.320 Section 1908.11 added -Fire Protection Water Supply System.
Section 1908.1 Us added to the. California Fire Code to read as follows:
1908.11 Fire Protection Water Supply System. An approved hydrant and hose
system or portable fire-extinguishing equipment suitable for the fire hazards involved
shall be provided for open storage yards and processing areas. Hydrant and hose
systems shall be installed in accordance with NFP A 24.
15.04.330 Section 2702.1 amended -addition of definition of "secondary containment."
The following definition is added to section 2702.1 of the California Fire Code to read:
SECONDARY CONTAINMENT. Secondary containment is that level of
containment that is external to and separate from primary containment and is capable of
safely and securely containing the material, without discharge, for a period of time
reasonably necessary to ensure detection and remedy of the primary containment
failure.
071029 cjs 8260586 10
15.04.340 Section 2701.2.2.2 amended -Health Hazards.
Section 2701.2.2.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
2701.2.2.2 Health Hazards. The material categories listed in this section are
classified as health hazards. A material with a primary classification as a health
hazard can also pose a physical hazard.
1. Highly toxic, toxic and moderately toxic.
2. Corrosive materials
15.04.350 Section 2703.1 amended -addition of definitions of "carcinogen," "other health
hazard material," and "sensitizer."
The following definitions are added to section 2703.1 of the California Fire Code to read:
_ ........ ___ ~~~CA.RCINOGEN is a subs1<,lnce that causes the4~velopl!1.ent of can~rous growths_in ____ . ___ _
living tissue. A chemical is considered a carcinogen if:
--------1-. It-has-lreen-evaluated-byihe-Intemational-Agerrcy-for-Research-on-eancer-and------
found to be a carcinogen or potential carcinogen, or
2. It is listed a s a carcinogen or potential carcinogen in the latest edition of the
Annual Report on Carcinogens published by the National Toxicology program, or
3. It is regulated by OSHA as a carcinogen.
OTHER HEALTH HAZARD MATERIAL is a hazardous material which affects
target organs of the body, including but not limited to, those materials which produce
liver damage, kidney damage, damage to the nervous system, act the blood to
decrease hemoglobin function, deprive the body tissue of oxygen or affect
reproductive capabilities, including mutations (chromosomal damage) or teratogens
(effect on fetuses).
SENSITIZER is a chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people
or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to
15.04.351 Section 2703.1.3.1 added -Toxic, Highly Toxic, Moderately Toxic gases and
similarly used or handled materials.
Section 2703.1.3.1 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
2703.1.3.1 Toxic, Highly Toxic, Moderately Toxic gases and similarly used or
handled materials. The storage, use and handling of toxic, highly toxic and
moderately toxic gases in amounts exceeding Table 3704.2 or 3704.3 shall be in
accordance with this chapter and Chapter 37. Any toxic, highly toxic or moderately
toxic material that is used or handled as a gas or vapor shall be in accordance with the
requirements for toxic, highly toxic or moderately toxic gases.
15.04.352 Section 2703.1.5 added -Secondary Containment Requirements.
Section 2703.1.5 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
071029 cjs 8260586 11
2703.1.5 Secondary Containment Requirements. A containment system shall be
required for all hazardous materials, which are liquids or solids at normal
temperature, and pressure (NTP) where a spill is determined to be a plausible event
and where such an event would endanger, people, property or the environment.
Construction shall be substantial, capable of safely and securely containing a sudden
release without discharge. Design criteria shall be performance oriented and
constructed of physically and chemically compatible materials to resist degradation
and provide structural and functional integrity for a period of time reasonably
necessary to ensure detection, mitigation, and repair of the primary system.
Monitoring of secondary containment shall be accordance with Section 2704.2.2.5.
15.04.353 Section 2703.1.6 added -Other health hazards.
Section 2703 .1.5 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
2703.1.6 Other Health Hazards Including Carcinogens, Irritants and
--------~SZi1en ..... sriiritizl'T.e .... r...,s,---'. Th-e--stol'age;-use-arrd-harrdlirrg-mlnaterrals-classified-as-other-health----
hazards including carcinogens, irritants and sensitizers in amounts exceeding 810
cubic feet for gases, 55 gallons for liquids and 5,000 pounds for solids shall be in
accordance with this chapter.
15.04.360 Section 2703.2.2.1 amended -Design and Construction.
Section 2703.2.2.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
2703.2.2.1 Design and Construction. Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related
components used for hazardous materials shall be in accordance with the following:
1. Piping, tubing, valves, fittings and related components shall be designed and
fabricated from materials compatible with the material to be contained and shall be of
adequate strength and durability to withstand the pressure, structural and seismic
stress, and exposure to which they are subject.
2.u-Piping::ancLtubin~sha)1 he identified inac.c.ordance with ASME A13.1and-Santa
Clara County Fire Chiefs Marking Requirements and Guidelines for Hazardous
Materials and Hazardous Waste to indicate the material conveyed.
3. Readily accessible manual valves or automatic remotely activated fail-safe
emergency shutoff valves shall be installed on supply piping and tubing at the
following locations:
a. The point of use.
b. The tank, cylinder or bulk use.
4. Manual emergency shutoff valves and controls for remotely activated emergency
shutoff valves shall be identified and the location shall be clearly visible accessible
and indicated by means of a sign.
5. Backflow prevention or check valves shall be provided when the backflow of
hazardous materials could create a hazardous condition or cause the unauthorized
discharge of hazardous materials.
6. Where gases or liquids having a hazard ranking of:
071029 cjs 8260586 12
Health hazard Class 3 or 4
Flammability Class 3 or 4
Reactivity Class 4
in accordance with NFP A 704 are carried in pressurized piping above 15 pounds per
square inch gauge (psig)(103 Kpa), an approved means ofleak detection, emergency
shutoff and excess now control shall be provided. Where the piping originates from
within a hazardous material storage room or area, the excess flow control shall be
located within the storage room or area. Where the piping originates from a bulk
source, the excess flow control shall be located as close to the bulk source as
practical.
Exceptions:
1. Piping for inlet connections designed to prevent backflow.
2. Piping for pressure relief devices.
7. Secondary containment or equivalent protection from spills shall be provided for
piping for liquid hazardous materials and for highly toxic and toxic corrosive gases
-------above threshold quantities liste<flii Tables 3704.2 and 3704.3. Secondary
..................... --eontaimnent-ine-Iudes,but-is-not-limited-to-d0ublewalled-piping,
Exceptions:
1. Secondary containment is not required for toxic corrosive gases if the
piping is constructed of inert materials.
2. Piping under sub-atmospheric conditions if the piping is equipped with an
alarm and fail-safe-to-close valve activated by a loss of vacuum.
8. Expansion chambers shall be provided between valves whenever the regulated gas
may be subjected to thermal expansion. Chambers shall be sized to provide
protection for piping and instrumentation and to accommodate the expansion of
regulated materials.
15.04.361 Section 2703.2.2.2 amended -Additional Regulation for Supply Piping for Health
Hazard Materials.
Section 2703.2.2.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
2703.2.2.2 Additional Regulation for Supply Piping for Health Hazard
Materials:;=S:tlpply pIping and.::niliing-for-gases-and-hqmds-having-a-1iealth-hazard===============
ranking of 3 or 4 in accordance with ASME B31.3 and the following:
1. Piping and tubing utilized for the transmission of toxic, highly toxic, or highly
volatile corrosive liquids and gases shall have welded or brazed connections
throughout except for connections within an exhausted enclosure if the material is a
gas, or an approved method of drainage or containment is provided for connections if
the material is a liquid.
2. Piping and tubing shall not be located within
corridors, within any portion of a means of egress
required to be enclosed in fire-resistance-rated construction or in concealed spaces
in areas not classified as Group H Occupancies.
Exception: Piping and tubing within the space defined by the walls of corridors
and the floor or roof above or in concealed space above other occupancies when
installed in accordance with Section 415.8.6.3 of the California Building Code as
071029 cjs 8260586 13
required for Group H, Division 5 Occupancies.
3. All primary piping for toxic, highly toxic and moderately toxic gases shall
pass a helium leak test of Ix1 0-9 cubic centimeters/second where practical, or
shall pass testing in accordance with an approved, nationally recognized standard.
Tests shall be conducted by a qualified "third party" not involved with the
construction of the piping and control systems.
15.04.370 Section 2703.3.1 amended -Unauthorized Discharges.
Section 2703.3.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
2703.3.1 Unauthorized Discharges. When hazardous materials are released in
quantities reportable under state, federal or local regulations or when there is a
threatened release that presents a threat to health, property or the environment, the
fire code official shall be notified immediately in an approved manner and the
________ fi_o_ll_0'Yit:l:S procedures required in accordance wi~~~~ctions 2703.3.1.1 through
2703.3.1.4.
15.04.380 Section 2703.5.2 added -Ventilation Ducting.
Section 2703.5.3 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
2703.5.2 Ventilation Ducting. Product conveying ducts for venting hazardous
materials operations shall be labeled with the hazard class of the material being
vented and the direction of flow.
15.04.381 Section 2703.5.3 added -"H" Occupancies.
Section 2703.5.4 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
2703.5.3 "H" Occupancies. In "H" occupancies, all piping and tubing may be
required to be identified when there is any possibility of confusion with hazardous
materials transport tubing or piping. Flow direction indicators are required.
15.0~.390 Section 2703.9:8 amended -Separation of IncompatIble Materials.
Section 2703.9.8 ofthe California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
2703.9.8 Separation ofIncompatible Materials. Incompatible materials in storage
and storage of materials that are incompatible with materials in use shall be
separated. When the stored materials are in containers having a capacity of more than
5 pounds (2 kg) or 0.5 gallon (2 L), separation shall be accomplished by:
1. Segregating incompatible materials in storage by a distance of not less than 20
feet (6096 mm) and in an independent containment system.
2. Isolating incompatible materials in storage by a noncombustible partition
extending not less than 18 inches (457 mm) above and to the sides of the stored
material.
3. Storing liquid and solid materials in hazardous material storage cabinets.
4. Storing compressed gases in gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures in
071029 cjs 8260586 14
accordance with Sections 2703.8.5 and 2703.8.6. Materials that are incompatible
shall not be stored within the same cabinet or exhausted enclosure.
15.04.391 Section 2703.9.10 added -Fire Extinguishing Systems for Workstations
Dispensing, Handling or Using Hazardous Materials.
Section 2703.9.10 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
2703.9.10 Fire Extinguishing Systems for Workstations Dispensing, Handling or
Using Hazardous Materials. Combustible and non-combustible work stations
which dispense, handle or use hazardous materials shall be protected by an approved
automatic fire extinguishing system in accordance with Section 1803.10.
Exception: Internal fire protection is not required for Biological Safety
Cabinets that carry NSF I ANSI certification where quantities of flammable
liquids in use or storage within the cabinet do not exceed 500 mL
15.04.400 Section 2704.2.1 amended -Spill Control for Hazardous Material Liquids .
................... Section 2704.2.:1 ofthe California Fire Code is amended to readaslollows:
2704.2.1 Spill Control for Hazardous Material Liquids. Rooms, buildings or
areas used for storage of hazardous material liquids shall be provided with spill
control to prevent the flow ofliquids to adjoining areas. Floors in indoor locations
and similar surfaces in outdoor locations shall be constructed to contain a spill from
the largest single vessel by one of the following methods:
1. Liquid-tight sloped or recessed floors in indoor locations or similar areas in
outdoor locations.
2. Liquid-tight floors in indoor locations or similar areas provided with liquid-tight
raised or recessed sills or dikes.
3. Sumps and collection systems.
4. Other approved engineered systems .
. -Except forsurfacing,.:1he floors,si11s, dikes, sumps and collection systems shall be
constructed of noncombustible material, and the liquid-tight seal shall be compatible
with the material stored. When liquid-tight sills or dikes are provided, they are not
required at perimeter openings having an open-grate trench across the opening that
connects to an approved collection system.
15.04.401 Section 2704.2.2 amended and Table 2704.2.2 deleted -Secondary Containment
for Hazardous Material Liquids and Solids.
Table 2704.2.2 is deleted and Section 2704.2.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as
follows:
2704.2.2 Secondary Containment for Hazardous Material Liquids and Solids.
Buildings, rooms or areas used for the storage of hazardous materials liquids or solids
shall be provided with secondary containment in accordance with this section.
071029 cjs 8260586 15
15.04.410 Section 2705.4.4 amended -Emergency Alarm.
Section 2705.4.4 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
2705.4.4 Emergency Alarm. When hazardous materials having a hazard ranking of
3 or 4 in accordance with NFP A 704, or toxic gases exceeding 10 cu. ft. and any
amount of highly toxic compressed gases are transported through corridors or exit
enclosures, there shall be an emergency telephone system, a local manual alarm
station or an approved alarm-initiating device at not more than ISO-foot (45,720 mm)
intervals and at each exit and exit-access doorway throughout the transport route. The
signal shall be relayed to an approved central, proprietary or remote station service or
constantly attended on-site location and shall also initiate a local audible alarm.
15.04.420 Section 3102.1 amended -addition of definition of "corrosive liquid."
The following definition is added to section 3102.1 of the California Fire Code to read as follows:
CORROSIVE LIQUID. Corrosive liquid is a liquid which, when in contact with
--------livingtissue;-wiH-cause-destruction-or-irreversible-alteration-ofsuchiissue-by-chemical--------
action. Examples include acidic, alkaline or caustic materials. Such material will be
considered corrosive when the Ph is 2 or less or 12.5 or more, except for foodstuffs or
medicine. Included are Department of Transportation and Title 22, California Code of
Regulations, 66261.22 classed corrosives.
15.04.430 Section 3301.1 amended -Scope-Explosives and Fireworks
Section 3301.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
3301.1 Scope-Explosives and Fireworks. For explosives requirements see Title 19
California Code of Regulations Chapter 10 and section 3301.1.1 of this chapter. For
fireworks requirements see Title 19 California Code of Regulations Chapter 6 and
section 3301.1.2 of this chapter.
Exceptions:
1. The armed Forces of the United States, Coast Guard or National Guard.
__ 2.,Explm;iY~1) in forms pr~scribed by the official United St(:ltes P_hal1l1ac_QP_Q~ia.
3. The possession~orage and-use--rrf---small arms ammunition when packaged in
accordance with DOT packaging requirements.
4. The use of explosive materials by federal, state and local regulatory, law
enforcement and fire agencies acting in their official capacities.
5. Items preempted by federal regulations.
15.04.431 Sections 3301.1.1. through 3301.1.3 added -Explosives, fireworks, and rocketry.
Section 3301.1.1 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
3301.1.1. Explosives. The possession, manufacture, storage, sale, handling, and
use of explosives are prohibited.
071029 cjs 8260586
Exceptions:
1. Possession, storage, handling and use of explosives for test and research
purposes is allowed with permit and approval of the fire code official.
16
2. Possession, storage, handling and use of squibs, explosive nuts or bolts and
similar small quantity explosive devices is allowed with permit and approval
of the fire code official.
3301.1.2 Fireworks. The possession, manufacture, storage, sale, handling, and
use of fireworks, including those fireworks classified as Safe and Sane by the
California State Fire Marshal, are prohibited.
Exceptions:
1. Storage, handling and use of fireworks and pyrotechnic special effects
outside of buildings when used for public or proximate audience displays,
motion picture, television, theatrical and group entertainment productions
and when in accordance with Title 19 of the California Code of
Regulations.
2. Storage, handling and use of pyrotechnic special effects frreworks inside
of-bttildings-when-used-for-proximate-audience-displays-or-special-effects
in theatrical, television, motion picture and group entertainment ~~~~~~~~~~~~
productions when in accordance with Title 19 of the California Code of
Regulations and when in buildings equipped throughout with an approved
fire sprinkler system.
3301.1.3 Rocketry. The storage, handling, and use of model rockets shall be in
accordance with Title 19 of the California Code of Regulations and as approved by
the Fire Code Official.
IS.04.440 Section 3404.2.7.S.8 amended -Overfill Prevention.
Section 3404.2.7.5.8 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
3404.2.7.S.8 Overfill Prevention. An approved means or method in accordance
with Section 3404.2.9.6.6 shall be provided to prevent the overfill of all Class I, II
and IlIA liquid storage tanks. Storage tanks in refineries, bulk plants or terminals
regulated by Sections 3406.4 or 3406.7 shall have overfill protection in accordance
IS.04.441 Section 3404.2.7.S.9 added -Automatic Filling of Tanks.
Section 3404.2.7.5.9 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
3404.2.7.S.9 Automatic Filling of Tanks. Systems that automatically fill flammable
or combustible liquid tanks shall be equipped with an approved overfill protection
system that sends an alarm signal to a constantly attended location and immediately
stops the filling of the tank. The alarm signal and automatic shutoff shall be tested
on an annual basis and records of such testing shall be maintained on-site for a period
offive (5) years.
IS.04.4S0 Section 3701.3 added -Moderately Toxic Gases With A LcSO Equal To Or Less
Than 3000 Parts Per Million.
Section 3701.3 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
071029 cjs 8260586 17
3701.3 Moderately Toxic Gases With A Lc50 Equal To Or Less Than 3000 Parts
Per Million. Notwithstanding the hazard class definition in Section 3702,
moderately toxic gases with an LC50 less than 3000 parts per million shall
additionally comply with the requirements for toxic gases in Section 3704 of this
code.
15.04.460 Section 3702.1 amended -add definition of "moderately toxic gas."
The following definition is added to section 3702.1 of the California Fire Code to read as follows:
MODERA TEL Y TOXIC GAS. Moderately toxic gas is a chemical or substance
that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air more than 2000 parts per million
but not more than 5000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, when
administered by continuous inhalation for an hour, or less if death occurs within one
hour, to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
--------Maximum-'Fhresh01ci-~uantity-EMax-'F~J-is-the-maximum-quantity-0f-a-m0cierately,-------
toxic or toxic gas, which may be stored in a single vessel before a more stringent
category of regulation is applied. The following equation shall be used to calculate
the Max TQ:
Max TQ (pounds) = LC50 (ppm) x 2 lb.
Gas Mixtures, the LC50 value for a gas mixture containing toxic, highly toxic or
moderately toxic components shall be calculated using the formula in Appendix E,
Section 103.1.3.1.
15.04.470 Section 3704 amended -Toxic gases including refrigerants.
Section 3704 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
3704 HIGHLY TOXIC, TOXIC AND MODERATELY TOXIC GASES
INCLUDING THOSE USED AS REFRIGERANTS.
15-;04-;480 Sections 3904.1.4 through 3904.1.19 added -€ontrols for toxic gases.
Sections 3704.1.4 through 3704.1.17 are added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
3704.1.4 Automatic Shut-Off Valve. An automatic shut-off valve, which is of a fail-
safe to close design, shall be provided to shut off the supply of highly toxic gases for
any of the following:
1. Activation of a manual fire alarm system.
2. Activation of the gas detection system.
3. Failure of emergency power.
4. Failure of primary containment.
5. Seismic activity.
6. Failure of required ventilation.
7. Manual activation at an approved remote location.
071029 cjs 8260586 18
3704.1.5 Emergency Control Station. Signals from emergency equipment used for
highly toxic gases shall be transmitted to an emergency control station or other
approved monitoring station, which is continually staffed by trained personnel.
3704.1.6 Maximum Threshold Quantity. Toxic gases stored or used in quantities
exceeding the maximum threshold quantity in a single vessel per control area or
outdoor control area shall comply with the additional requirements for highly toxic
gases of Section 3704 of this code.
Moderately toxic gases stored or used in quantities exceeding the maximum
threshold quantity in a single vessel per control area or outdoor control area shall
comply with the additional requirements for toxic gases of Section 3704 of this code
3704.1.7 Reduced Flow Valve. All containers of materials other than lecture bottles
containing Highly Toxic material and having a vapor pressure exceeding 29 psia shall
-----------'he-equipp-ed-with-a-reducedtlowvalve-when-available~IfaTeduced-j:lowvalveisno'+-t --------
available, the container shall be used with a flow-limiting device. All flow limiting
devices shall be part of the valve assembly and visible to the eye when possible;
otherwise, they shall be installed as close as possible to the cylinder source.
3704.1.8 Annual Maintenance. All safety control systems at a facility shall be
maintained in good working condition and tested not less frequently than annually.
Maintenance and testing shall be performed by persons qualified to perform the
maintenance and tests. Maintenance records and certifications shall be available tq
any representative of the Fire Department for inspection upon request.
3704.1.9 Fire Extinguishing Systems. Buildings and covered exterior areas for
storage and use areas of materials regulated by this Chapter shall be protected by an
automatic fire sprinkler system in accordance with NFP A 13. The design of the
sprinkler system for any room or area where highly toxic, toxic and moderately toxic
_ . gases are stQred, handled or used shall be in accordance with Section 2704.5.
3704.1.10 Local Gas Shut Off. Manual activation controls shall be provided at
locations near the point of use and near the source, as approved by the fire code
official. The fire code official may require additional controls at other places,
including, but not limited to, the entry to the building, storage or use areas, and
emergency control stations. Manual activated shut-off valves shall be of a fail-safe-
to-close design.
3704.1.11 Exhaust Ventilation Monitoring. For highly toxic gases and toxic gases
exceeding threshold quantities, a continuous monitoring system shall be provided to
assure that the required exhaust ventilation rate is maintained. The monitoring system
shall initiate a local alarm. The alarm shall be both visual and audible and shall be
designed to provide warning both inside and outside of the interior storage, use, or
handling area.
071029 cjs 8260586 19
3704.1.12 Emergency Response Plan. If the preparation of an emergency response
plan for the facility is not required by any other law, responsible persons shall
prepare, or cause to be prepared, and filed with the fire code official, a written
emergency response plan. If the preparation of an emergency response plan is
required by other law, ~ responsible person shall file a copy of the plan with the Fire
Chief.
3704.1.13 Emergency Response Team. Responsible persons shall be designated the
on-site emergency response team and trained to be liaison personnel for the Fire
Department. These persons shall aid the Fire Department in preplanning emergency
responses, identifying locations where regulated materials are stored, handled and
used, and be familiar with the chemical nature of such material. An adequate number
of personnel for each work shift shall be designated.
3704.1.14 Emergency Drills. Emergency drills of the on-site emergency response
--------team-shaH-be-conciucteci-on-aregularbasis-butnoHess-than-once-every-threemonths-. --------
Records of drills conducted shall be maintained.
3704.1.15 Cylinder Leak Testing. Cylinders shall be tested for leaks immediately
upon delivery and again immediately prior to departure. Testing shall be approved by
the fire code official in accordance with appropriate nationally recognized industry
standards and practices, if any. Appropriate remedial action shall be immediately
undertaken when leaks are detected
3704.1.16 Inert Gas Purge System. Gas systems shall be provided with dedicated
inert gas purge systems. A dedicated inert gas purge system may be used to purge
more than one gas, provided the gases are compatible. Purge gas systems inside
buildings shall be located in an approved gas cabinet unless the system operates by
vacuum demand.
_~704.1.17 Sei~mic Shutoff Valve. An automatic seismic shut-off valve, which is of a
fntl~afe to close design, shall be provided to shutoff the supply of highly toxic, toxic
and moderately toxic gases with an LC50 less than 3000 parts per million upon a
seismic event within 5 seconds of a horizontal sinusoidal oscillation having a peak
acceleration of 0.3G (l.47m1sec2) and a period of 0.4 seconds.
15.04.490 Section 3704.2 amended -Indoor storage and use of toxic gases.
Section 3704.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
3704.2 Indoor Storage and Use. The indoor storage or use of highly toxic, toxic
and moderately toxic compressed gases shall be in accordance with Sections 3704.2.1
through 3704.2.2.10.3.3. The threshold quantity for highly toxic, toxic and
moderately toxic gases for indoor storage and use are set forth in Table 3704.2.
Table 3704.2
071029 cjs 8260586 20
Threshold Quantities for Highly Toxic, Toxic and Moderately Toxic Gases
for Indoor Storage and Use
Highly Toxic 0
Toxic 10 cubic feet
Moderately Toxic 20 cubic feet
15.04.491 Sections 3704.2.1 through 3704.2.1.1 amended -Applicability oftoxic gas regulations.
Sections 3704.2.1 through 3704.2.1.1 of the California Fire Code are amended to read as follows:
3704.2.1 Applicability. The applicability of regulations governing the indoor storage
and use of highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic compressed gases shall be as set
forth in Sections 3704.2.1.1 through 3704.2.1.3.
3704.2.1.1 Quantities Not Exceeding the Maximum Allowable Quantity per
Control Area. The indoor storage or use of highl)' toxic, and toxic and moderatel),
toxic gases in amounts exceeding the threshold quantity per control area set forth in
-------laole3104-:1snall-oe in accordance witnSections 2iOt;-2i03-;-310t~~104-:-1 and-------
3704.2,
15.04.492 Section 3704.2.2 amended -General requirements for use and storage oftoxic gases.
Section 3704.2.2 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
3704.2.2 General indoor requirements. The general requirements applicable to the
indoor storage and use of highly toxic and toxic compressed gases shall be in
accordance with Sections 3704.2.2.1 through 3704.2.2.10.3.
Moderately toxic gases with an LC50 less than 3000 parts per million shall comply
with the requirements for toxic gases in Sections 3704.2.2.1 through 3704.2.2.10.3
All other moderately toxic gases exceeding the threshold quantity shall comply with
the requirements for toxic gases in Sections 3704.2.2.1 through 3704.2.2.7.
15JJ2J.'l93--SecIion 370'l.2.2.7 amenileil -Treatment systems.
Section 3704.2.2.7 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
3704.2.2.7 Treatment Systems. The exhaust ventilation from gas cabinets,
exhausted enclosures, gas rooms and local exhaust systems required in Section
3704.2.2.4 and 3704.2.2.5 shall be directed to a treatment system. The treatment
system shall be utilized to handle the accidental release of gas and to process exhaust
ventilation. The treatment system shall be designed in accordance with Sections
3704.2.2.7.1 through 3704.2.2.7.5 and Section 505 of the California Mechanical
Code.
Exceptions:
1.1 Highly toxic, toxic and moderately toxic gases storage. A treatment system is
not required for cylinders, containers and tanks in storage when all of the following
are provided:
071029 cjs 8260586 21
1.2 Valve outlets are equipped with gas-tight outlet plug or caps.
1.3 Hand wheel-operated valves have handles secured to prevent movement.
1.4 Approved containment vessels or containment systems are provided In
accordance with Section 3704.2.2.3.
15.04.494 Section 3704.2.2.10.1 amended --Alarms.
Section 3704.2.2.10.1 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
3704.2.2.10.1. Alarms. The gas detection system shall initiate a local alarm and
transmit a signal to a constantly attended control station when a short-term hazard
condition is detected. The alarm shall be both visual and audible and shall provide
warning both inside and outside the area where the gas is detected. The audible alarm
shall be distinct from all other alarms.
____ ~15""" .. Q4.500 Section 3704.3 am~.Qded --Outd90r stQrnge and use.
Section 3704.3 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
3704.3 Outdoor Storage and Use. The outdoor storage or use of highly toxic, toxic
and moderately toxic compressed gases shall be in accordance with Sections 3704.3.1
through 3704.3.4. The threshold quantity for highly toxic, toxic and moderately toxic
gases for outdoor storage and use are set forth in Table 3704.3.
Table 3704.3
Threshold Quantities for Highly Toxic, Toxic and Moderately Toxic Gases
for Outdoor Storage and Use
Highly Toxic 0 r-Toxic 10 cubic feet
Moderately Toxic 20 cubic feet
15.04.501 Sections 3704.3.1 through 3704.3.1.1 amended --Applicability of toxic gas regulations.
Sections 3704.3.1 through 3704.3.1.1 ofthe California Fire Code are amended to read as follows:
3704.3.1 Applicability. The applicability of regulations governing the outdoor
storage and use of highly toxic, toxic, and moderately toxic compressed gases shall
be as set forth in Sections 3704.3.1.1 through 3704.3.1.3.
3704.3.1.1 Quantities not exceeding the maximum allowable quantity per
control area. The outdoor storage or use of highly toxic and toxic gases in amounts
exceeding the threshold quantity per control area set forth in Table 3704.3 shall be in
accordance with Sections 2701,2703,3701,3704.1, and 3704.3.
Moderately toxic gases with an LC50 less than 3000 parts per million in amounts
exceeding the threshold quantity in Table 3704.3 shall comply with the requirements
for toxic gases in Sections 2701, 2703, 3701, 3704.1 and 3704.3.
Moderately toxic gases in amounts exceeding the threshold quantity in Table 3704.3
071029 cjs 8260586 22
shall comply with the requirements for toxic gases in Sections 2701, 2703, 3701,
3704.1 and 3704.3.2.1 through 3704.3.2.5.
15.04.502 Section 3704.3.3 amended -Outdoor storage of tanks and cylinders.
Section 3704.3.3 of the California Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
3704.3.3 Outdoor storage weather protection for portable tanks and cylinders.
Weather protection in accordance with Section 2704.13 and this section shall be
provided for portable tanks and cylinders located outdoors and not within gas
cabinets or exhausted enclosures. The storage area shall be equipped with an
approved automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 2704.5.
15.04.510 Section 3801.4 added -Storage and use of liquefied petroleum gas.
Section 3801.4 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
3801.4 Storage and use of liquefied petroleum gas. Storage and use of liquefied
--------.p=etroleum gas (LPG) is prorul5ttedwltlUhilie CIty limits orPa-lo Altownerenatural----
gas mains exist.
EXCEPTION: The Fire Chief may permit the use of LPG for the following purposes
and in the following manner:
(1) A single tank of no more than 500-gallon (1892 L) water capacity in
connection with portable equipment or devices which are approved for use
with LPG.
(2) As an emergency standby fuel supply for critical industrial, medical or
research equipment.
(3) A single tank: of no more than 2000-gallon (7570 L) water capacity used
in vehicle servicing operations installed in accordance with applicable safety
standards.
The storage of LPG shall conform to the provisions of applicable state and local
Codes and ordinances.
15.04.520 SectionA702.Lamended -Definition of wildland-urban interface area.
TIle definition of''Wildland-ur6an in.tefface fire area" inSection 4702.1 is amendecI to read as folloVvs:--""
WILDLANDMURBAN INTERFACE FIRE AREA is a geographical area identified
by the state as a "Fire Hazard Severity Zone" in accordance with the Public Resources
Code Sections 4201 through 4202 and Government Code Sections 51175 through
51189. Within the limits of the City of Palo Alto, wildland-urban fire interface area
shall include all areas west of Highway 280 and all other areas recommended as Very
High Fire Hazard Severity Zone by the director of CDF.
15.04.530 Sections 4703.1 through 4703.4 added -General Requirements for wildlandMurban
interface fire areas.
Sections 4703.1 through 4703.4 are added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
4703.1 General. When required by the fIre code offIcial, a fire protection plan shall
071029 cjs 8260586 23
be prepared.
4703.2 Content. The plan shall be based upon a site-specific wildfire risk assessment
that includes considerations of location, topography, aspect, flammable vegetation,
climatic conditions and fire history. The plan shall address water supply, access,
building ignition and fire-resistance factors, fire protection systems and equipment,
defensible space and vegetation management.
4703.3 Cost. The cost of fire protection plan preparation and review shall be the
responsibility of the applicant.
4703.4 Plan retention. The fire protection plan shall be retained by the fire code
official.
15.04.540 Sections 4707.1 though 4707.2 amended -Defensible space.
Sections 4070.1 through 4707.2 are added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
4707.1 General. Persons owning, leasing, controlling, operating or maintaining
buildings or structures in, upon or adjoining the Wildland-Urban Interface Fire Area
and persons owning, leasing or controlling land adjacent to such buildings or structures,
shall at all times:
1. Maintain an effective defensible space by removing and clearing away
flammable vegetation and combustible growth from areas within 30 feet (9144 mm)
of such buildings or structures.
Exception: Single specimens of trees, ornamental shrubbery or similar plants used as
ground covers, provided that they do not form a means of rapidly transmitting fire from
the native growth to any structure.
2. Maintain additional effective defensible space by removing brush, flammable
vegetation and combustible growth located 30 feet to 100 feet (9144 mm to 30480 mm)
from such buildings or structures, when required by the fire code official due to
. --steepness of terrain or other conditions that would cause a defensible s12ace of only30
feet (9144 mm) to be insufficient.
Exception: Grass and other vegetation located more than 30 feet (9144 mm) from
buildings or structures and less than 18 inches (457 mm) in height above the ground
need not be removed where necessary to stabilize the soil and prevent erosion.
3. Remove portions of trees, which extend within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the outlet
ofachimney.
4. Maintain trees adjacent to or overhanging a building free of deadwood; and
5. Maintain the roof of a structure free ofleaves, needles or other dead vegetative
growth.
4707.2 Corrective Actions. The executive body is authorized to instruct the fire code
071029 cjs 8260586 24
official to give notice to the owner of the property upon which conditions regulated by
Section 4707.1 exist to correct such conditions. If the owner fails to correct such
conditions, the executive body is authorized to cause the same to be done and make the
expense of such correction a lien upon the property where such condition exists.
15.04.550 Sections 4714 through 4714.3 added -Access Requirements for wildland-urban
interface fire areas.
Section 4714 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
4714 ACCESS
4714.1 General. Buildings and structures, or portions thereof, hereafter constructed
or relocated into or within wildland-urban interface areas shall be provided with fire
apparatus access in accordance with this chapter.
4714.2 Driveways. Driveways with an all-weather surface shall be provided when
any portion of an exterior wall of the first story of a building is located more than 150
------~reeC(zJ.-)i:20 mm)-ftom a fire apparatus access roaQ~Driveways snall proviQ=-e-oa,------~----
minimum unobstructed width of 12 feet (3658 mm) and a minimum unobstructed
height of 13 feet 6 inches (4115 mm). Driveways in excess of 150 feet (45 720 mm)
in length shall be provided with turnarounds. Driveways in excess of 200 feet (60
960 mm) in length and less than 20 feet (6096 mm) in width shall be provided with
turnouts in addition to turnarounds. An all-weather surface shall be any surface
material acceptable to the code official.
A driveway shall not serve in excess of two dwelling units without meeting the
requirements for an access road in accordance with this chapter.
Driveway turnarounds shall be in accordance with Fire Department Standards.
Driveways that connect with a road or roads at more than one point may be
considered as having a turnaround if all changes of direction meet the radii
requirements for driveway turnarounds.
Driveway turnoufSSnal1 De an all-weatller roaa surface at least 10 feet (JOzt:8 mm)
wide and 30 feet (9144 mm) long. Driveway turnouts shall be located as required by
the code official.
Vehicle load limits shall be posted at both entrances to bridges on driveways and
private roads. Design loads for bridges shall be established by the code official.
4714.3 Fire apparatus access roads. Fire apparatus access roads shall be all weather
roads with a minimum width of 20 feet (6096 mm) and a clear height of 13 feet 6
inches (4115 mm); and shall be designed in accordance with Fire Department
Standards. Dead-end roads in excess of 150 feet (45 720 mm) in length shall be
provided with turnarounds designed in accordance with Fire Department Standards.
An all-weather road surface shall be any surface material acceptable to the code
official.
071029 cjs 8260586 25
15.04.560 Sections 4715 through 4715.9 added-Water supply requirements for wildland-
urban interface fire areas.
Section 4715 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
4715 WATERSUPPLY
4715.1 General. Buildings and structures, or portions thereof, hereafter constructed
or relocated into or within wildland-urban interface areas shall be provided with fire
protection water supplies in accordance with this chapter.
Exception: Buildings containing only private garages, carports, sheds
and agricultural buildings with a building area of not more than 500
square feet (56 m2).
4715.2 Water sources. The point at which a water source is available for Fire
pepartment use shall be located not more than 600 feet from all portions of the
---------..exteriurwaHs-ofthe-building-and-be-approved-byihe-cude-official~'Fhe-distarrce-shall-------
be measured along an unobstructed line of travel.
Water sources shall have a minimum usable water volume as determined by the
adequate water supply needs in accordance with Section 4715.4. This water source
shall be equipped with an approved hydrant. The water source shall be provided and
maintained by a recognized water purveyor, mutual water company or water pumped
from a well. The design, construction, location, water level maintenance, access, and
access maintenance of man-made water sources shall be approved by the code
official.
4715.3 Hydrants. All hydrants shall be designed and constructed in accordance with
nationally recognized standards. The location and access shall be approved by the
code official.
471S.4Adeiluafe water supply. Adequate fire protection water supplies shall be as
follows:
1. One-and two-family dwellings. The required fire protection water
supply for one-and two-family dwellings shall be in accordance with
AppendixB.
Exception: The water supply duration need not exceed 30 minutes.
2. Buildings other than one-and two-family dwellings. The water
supply required for buildings other than one-and two-family dwellings shall
be in accordance with Appendix B.
Exception: The water supply duration need not exceed 2 hours.
4715.5 Obstructions. Access to all water sources required by this code shall be
unobstructed at all times. The code official shall not be deterred or hindered from
071029 cjs 8260586 26
gaining immediate access to water source equipment, fire protection equipment or
hydrants.
4715.6 Identification. Water sources, hydrants and fire protection equipment shall
be clearly identified in a manner approved by the code official to identify location
and to prevent obstruction by parking and other obstructions.
4715.7 Testing and maintenance. Water sources, hydrants and other fire protection
equipment required by this code shall be subject to periodic tests as required by the
code official. All such equipment installed under the provisions of this code shall be
maintained in an operative condition at all times and shall be repaired or replaced
where defective. Additions, repairs, alterations and servicing of such fire protection
equipment and resources shall be in accordance with approved standards.
4715.8 Clearance of fuel. Defensible space shall be provided around water tank
structures, water supply pumps and pump houses in accordance with Section 4707.
4715.9 Standby power. Stationary water supply facilities within the wildland-urban
interface area dependent on electrical power to meet adequate water supply demands
shall provide standby power systems in accordance with the Electrical Code to ensure
that an uninterrupted water supply is maintained. The standby power source shall be
capable of providing power for a minimum of two hours.
Exceptions:
1. When approved by the code official, a standby power supply is not
required where the primary power service to the stationary water supply
facility is underground.
2. A standby power supply is not required where the stationary water
supply facility serves no more than one single-family dwelling.
15.04.570 Sections 4716 through 4716.3 added -Fire sprinkler requirements for wild land-
urban interface fire areas.
Se~liQ1l4]16isJlddedto the California Fire Codeto read as follows:
4716 AUTOMATIC FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
4716.1 General. Buildings and structures located in wildland-urban interface areas
shall be provided with automatic fire sprinkler protection in accordance with this
chapter.
4716.2 New buildings. An approved automatic fire sprinkler system shall be
provided throughout all new buildings located in the wildland-urban interface area.
Exception: Accessory structures to single-family residences that are non-
residential and that have a building area of 500 square feet or less.
4716.3 Existing buildings. An approved automatic fire sprinkler system shall be
provided throughout all existing buildings located in the wildland-urban interface
071029 cjs 8260586 27
area when modifications are made that increase the building area.
Exception: One-time additions to existing buildings made after January 1,
1994 that do not exceed 500 square feet in building area.
15.04.580 Sections 4717 through 4717.3.5 added -General Requirements for wildland-
urban interface fire areas.
Sections 4717 through 4717.3.5 are added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
4717 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SUPPRESSION AND
CONTROL
4717.1 General
4717.1.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter establish general requirements
applicable to new and existing properties located within wildland-urban interface
areas.
4717.1.2 Objective. The objective of this appendix is to provide necessary fire-
protection measures to reduce the threat of wildfire in an wildland-urban interface
area and improve the capability of controlling such fires.
4717.2 Vegetation Control
4717.2.1 General. Vegetation control shall comply with Sections 4717.2.2 through
4717.2.5.
4717.2.2 Maintenance of Defensible Space
4717.2.2.1 General. Defensible spaces required by 4707 shall be maintained in
accordance with Section 4717.2.2 .
14717.2.2.2 Mo<lifie<l A:rea. Non-fire-resistive vegetation or growtn snall oe kept
clear of buildings or structures, in accordance with Section 4707, in such a manner as
to provide a clear area for fire suppression operations.
4717.2.2.3 Responsibility. Persons owning, leasing, controlling, operating or
maintaining buildings or structures are responsible for maintenance of defensible
spaces. Maintenance of the defensible space shall include modifying or removing
nonfire-resistive vegetation and keeping leaves, needles and other dead vegetative
material regularly removed from roofs of buildings and structures.
4717.2.2.4 Trees. Tree crowns extending to within 10 feet (3048 rnm) of any
structure shall be pruned to maintain a minimum horizontal clearance of 10 feet
(3048 rnm). Tree crowns within the defensible space shall be pruned to remove limbs
located less than 6 feet (1829 rnm) above the ground surface adjacent to the trees.
071029 cjs 8260586 28
Portions of tree crowns that extend within 10 feet (3048 rnm) of the outlet of a
chimney shall be pruned to maintain a minimum horizontal clearance of 10 feet
(3048 rnm).
Deadwood and litter shall be regularly removed from trees.
4717.2.3 Clearance Of Brush Or Vegetative Growth From Roadways. The code
official is authorized to require areas within 10 feet (3048 mm) on each side of
portions of fire apparatus access roads and driveways to be cleared of non-fire-
resistive vegetation growth.
Exception: Single specimens of trees, ornamental vegetative fuels or
cultivated ground cover, such as green grass, ivy, succulents or similar plants
used as ground cover, provided they do not forma means of readily
----------c4i1i:2::4-elearance of brns-lraml-ve-getative growtlrfro:melectrical-t'i'i1ra ... o"s""m"'t""ss .... o"'o..-------
and distribution lines.
4717.2.4.1 General. Clearance of brush and vegetative growth from electrical
transmission and distribution lines shall be in accordance with Section 4717.2.4.
Exception: Section 4717.2.4 does not authorize persons not having legal
right of entry to enter on or damage the property of others without consent of
the owner.
4717.2.4.2 Support clearance. Persons owning, controlling, operating or
maintaining electrical transmission or distribution lines shall have an approved
program in place that identifies poles or towers with equipment and hardware types
that have a history of becoming an ignition source, and provides a combustible free
space consisting of a clearing of not less than 1 0 feet (3048 mm) in each direction
from the outer circumference of such pole or tower during such periods of time as
Exception: Lines used exclusively as teleplione,telegrapli, messenger call-, ----------~-----~----
alarm transmission or other lines classed as communication circuits by a
public utility.
4717.2.4.3 Electrical distribution and transmission line clearances.
4717.2.4.3.1 General. Clearances between vegetation and electrical lines shall be in
accordance with 4717.2.4.3.
4717.2.4.3.2 Trimming clearance. At the time oftrirnming, clearances not less than
those established by Table 4717.2.4.3.2 shall be provided. The radial clearances
shown below are minimum clearances that shall be established, at time oftrirnming,
between the vegetation and the energized conductors and associated live parts.
071029 cjs 8260586 29
Table 4717.2.4.3.2 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
TABLE 4717.2.4.3.2
MINIMUM CLEARANCES BETWEEN VEGETATION
AND ELECTRICAL LINES AT TIME OF TRIMMING
LINE VOLTAGE MINIMUM RADIAL CLEARANCE
FROM CONDUCTOR (feet)
2,400-72,000 4
72,001-110,000 6
110,001-300,000 10
300,001 or more 15
For SI: 1 foot = 304.8 mm.
Exception: The code official is authorized to establish minimum clearances
----------,dffiifFfDFee:t'fre~nff-t ---1tFflhfl1anA---l'th~eeffiecl----ay-1'able 471-7 .2.4.3.2 wflen-evi€lenee-e -------
substantiating such other clearances is submitted to and approved by the code
official.
4717.2.4.3.3 Minimum Clearance To Be Maintained. Clearances not less than
those established by Table 4717.2.4.3.3 shall be maintained during such periods of
time as designated by the code official. The site-specific clearance achieved, at time
of pruning, shall vary based on species growth rates, the utility company-specific trim
cycle, the potential line sway due to wind, line sag due to electrical loading and
ambient temperature and the tree's location in proximity to the high voltage lines.
Exception: The code official is authorized to establish minimum clearances
different than those specified by 4717.2.4.3.3.3 when evidence substantiating
such other clearances is submitted to and approved by the code official.
Table 4717.2.4.3.3 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
TABLE 4717.2.4.3.3
MINIMUM-CLEARANCES-BE'IWEEN--lLEG-E'f-A-T-ION-AND
ELECTRICAL LINES TO BE MAINTAINED
LINE VOLTAGE MINIMUM CLEARANCE (inches)
750-35,000 6
35,001-60,000 12
60,001-115,000 19
115,001-230,000 30.5
230,001-500,000 115
For SI: 1 inch = 25.4 mm.
4717.2.4.3.4 Electrical Power Line Emergencies. During emergencies, the utility
shall perform the required work to the extent necessary to clear the hazard. An
emergency can include situations such as trees falling into power lines, or trees in
071029 cjs 8260586 30
violation of Table 4717.2.3.3.3.
4717.2.5 Correction Of Condition. The fire code official is authorized to give
notice to the owner of the property on which conditions regulated by Section 4717.2
exist to correct such conditions. If the owner fails to correct such conditions, the
legislative body of the jurisdiction is authorized to cause the same to be done and
make the expense of such correction a lien on the property where such condition
exists.
4717.3 ACCESS RESTRICTIONS
4717.3.1 Restricted Entry To Public Lands. The fire code official is authorized to
determine and publicly announce when wildland-urban interface areas shall be closed
to entry and when such areas shall again be opened to entry. Entry on and occupation
_--c--______ o=[Wildland-urban interface areas, exct3ptpllblic roadways. inl:labite<.i~ar~ea=s~o~r _____ _
established trails and campsites that have not been closed during such time when the
---wtldlam:l=urbaninrerfirc-e-area-rs-cI-osed-to-entry;-is-prohibited-. ----
Exceptions:
1. Residents and owners of private property within wildland-urban interface
areas and their invitees and guests going to or being on their lands.
2. Entry, in the course of duty, by peace or police officers, and other duly
authorized public officers, members of a fire department and members of the
Wildland Firefighting Service.
4717.3.2 Trespassing On Posted Private Property.
4717.3.2.1 General. When the fire code official determines that a specific area
within a wildland-urban interface area presents an exceptional and continuing fire
danger because of the density of natural growth, difficulty of terrain, proximity to
structures or accessibility to the public, such areas shall be restricted or closed until
changed conditions warrant termination of such restriction or closure. Such areas
inaccQrdance with Section 4717.3.2.2.
4717.3.2.2 Signs. Approved signs prohibiting entry by unauthorized persons and
referring to this code shall be placed on every closed area.
4717.3.2.3 Trespassing. Entering and remaining within areas closed and posted is
prohibited. Exception: Owners and occupiers of private or public property within
closed and posted areas; their guests or invitees; authorized persons engaged in the
operation and maintenance of necessary utilities such as electrical power, gas,
telephone, water and sewer; and local, state and federal public officers and their
authorized agents acting in the course of duty.
4717.3.3 Use Of Fire Roads And Defensible Space. Motorcycles, motor scooters
and motor vehicles shall not be driven or parked on, and trespassing is prohibited on,
fire roads or defensible space beyond the point where travel is restricted by a cable,
071029 cjs 8260586 31
gate or sign, without the permission of the property owners. Vehicles shall not be
parked in a manner that obstructs the entrance to a fire road or defensible space.
Exception: Public officers acting within their scope of duty. Radio and
television aerials, guy wires thereto, and other obstructions shall not be
installed or maintained on fire roads or defensible spaces, unless located 16
feet (4877 mm) or more above such fire road or defensible space.
4717.3.4 Use of Motorcycles, Motor Scooters, Ultra light Aircraft And Motor
Vehicles. Motorcycles, motor scooters, ultra light aircraft and motor vehicles shall
not be operated within wildland-urban interface areas, without a permit by the code
official, except on clearly established public or private roads. Permission from the
property owner shall be presented when requesting a permit.
4717.3.5 Tampering With Locks, Barricades, Signs and Address Markers.
Locks, barricades, seals, cables, signs and address markers installed within wildland-
urban interface areas, by or under the control of the code official, shall not be
tampered-witIr,-mutilate-d-;-destroyed-ur-removed.
Gates, doors, barriers and locks installed by or under the control of the code official
shall not be unlocked.
15.04.584 Sections 4717.4 through 4717.4.10 added -Ignition source control requirements
for wildland-urban interface fire areas.
Sections 4717.4 through 4717.4.10 are added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
4717.4 IGNITION SOURCE CONTROL
4717.4.1 General. Ignition sources shall be in accordance with Section 4717.4.
4717.4.2 Objective. Regulations in this section are intended to provide the minimum
requirements to prevent the occurrence of wildfires.
21717.21.3 Clearance From Ignition Sources. Clearance 15etween ignition sources ana
grass, brush or other combustible materials shall be maintained a minimum ono feet
(9144 mm).
4717.4.4 Smoking. When required by the fire code official, signs shall be posted
stating NO SMOKING. No person shall smoke within 15 feet (4572 mm) of
combustible materials or non-fire-resistive vegetation.
Exception: Places of habitation or in the boundaries of established smoking
areas or campsites as designated by the fire code official.
4717.4.5 Equipment and Devices Generating Heat, Sparks Or Open Flames.
Equipment and devices generating heat, sparks or open flames capable of igniting
nearby combustibles shall not be used in wildland-urban interface areas without a
permit from the code official.
071029 cjs 8260586 32
Exception: Use of approved equipment in habitated premises or designated
campsites that are a minimum of 30 feet (9144 mm) from grass-, grain-,
brush-or forest-covered areas.
4717.4.6 Fireworks. Fireworks shall not be used or possessed in wildland-urban
interface areas.
4717.4.7 Outdoor Fires.
4717.4.7.1 General. No person shall build, ignite or maintain any outdoor fire of any
kind for any purpose in or on any wildland-urban interface area, except by the
authority of a written permit from the code official.
Exception: Outdoor fires within inhabited premises or designated campsites
where such fires are in a permanent barbecue, portable barbecue, outdoor
firepla9~Qrmgrill and are a mini111lU1l of 30 feet (9144 mm) from any
combustible material or nonfire-resistive vegetation.
4717.4.7.2 Permits. Permits shall incorporate such terms and conditions that will
reasonably safeguard public safety and property. Outdoor fires shall not be built,
ignited or maintained in or on hazardous fire areas under the following conditions:
1. When high winds are blowing,
2. When a person 17 years old or over is not present at all times to watch
and tend such fire, or
3. When a public announcement is made that open burning is prohibited.
4717.4.7.3 Restrictions. No person shall use a permanent barbecue, portable
barbecue, outdoor fireplace or grill for the disposal of rubbish, trash or combustible
waste material.
4717.4.8 Outdoor Fireplaces, Permanent Barbecues And Grills. Outdoor
fireplaces, permanent barbecues and grills shall not be built, installed or maintained
mjnwildland-urban interface areas without approval of the fire code official.
Outdoor fireplaces, permanent barbecues and grills shall be maintained in good repair
and in a safe condition at all times. Openings in such appliances shall be provided
with an approved spark arrestor, screen or door.
Exception: When approved by the fire code official, unprotected openings in
barbecues and grills necessary for proper functioning.
4717.4.9 Reckless Behavior. The fire code official is authorized to stop any actions
of a person or persons if the official determines that the action is reckless and could
result in an ignition of fire or spread of fire.
4717.4.10 Planting Vegetation Under Or Adjacent To Energized Electrical
Lines. No vegetation shall be planted under or adjacent to energized power lines that,
at maturity, shall grow within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the energized conductors.
071029 cjs 8260586 33
15.04.585 Section 4717.5 added -Storage control requirements for wildland-urban interface
fire areas.
Section 4717.5 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
4717.5 CONTROL OF STORAGE
4717.5.1 General. In addition to the requirements of the California Fire Code,
storage and use ofthe materials shall be in accordance with Section 4717.5.
4717.5.2 Hazardous materials. Hazardous materials in excess of 10 gallons (37.8 L)
ofliquid, 200 cubic feet (5.66 m 3) of gas, or 10 pounds (4.54 kg) of solids require a
permit and shall comply with nationally recognized standards for storage and use.
4717.5.2.1Liquefied petroleum Gas In.~t3Uations
-47t7:s-:2:t-;1-Generat.-~llrestorage of Itquefred-petroleum-gas-tGP-gas)l:llTd~tlre---mm -----
installation and maintenance of pertinent equipment shall be in accordance with the
California Fire Code and recognized standards.
4717.5.2.1.2 Location of containers. LP-gas containers shall be located within the
defensible space in accordance with the California Fire Code.
4717.5.3 Explosives. Explosives shall not be possessed, kept, stored, sold, offered
for sale, given away, used, discharged, transported or disposed of within wildland-
urban interface areas.
4717.5.4 Combustible Materials.
4717.5.4.1 General. Outside storage of combustible materials such as, but not
limited to, wood, rubber tires, building materials or paper products shall comply with
. the other applicable sections of this code and this section.
4717.5.4.2 Individual Piles. Individual piles shall not exceed 5,000 square feet (465
m 2) of contiguous area. Piles shall not exceed 50,000 cubic feet (1416 m 3) in
volume or 10 feet (3048 mm) in height.
4717.5.4.3 Separation. A clear space of at least 40 feet (12 192 mm) shall be
provided between piles. The clear space shall not contain combustible material or
nonfire-resistive vegetation.
4717.5.4.4 Storage Of Firewood And Combustible Materials
4717.5.4.4.1 General. Firewood and combustible material shall not be stored in
unenclosed spaces beneath buildings or structures, or on decks or under eaves,
canopies or other projections or overhangs. When required by the code official,
071029 cjs 8260586 34
storage of firewood and combustible material stored in the defensible space shall be
located a minimum of 20 feet (6096 mm) from structures and separated from the
crown of trees by a minimum horizontal distance of 15 feet (4572 mm).
4717.5.4.4.2 Storage For Off-Site Use. Firewood and combustible materials not for
consumption on the premises shall be stored so as to not pose a hazard.
15.04.586 Section 4717.6 added -Dumping in wildland-urban interface areas.
Section 4717.6 is added to the California fire Code to read as follows:
4717.6 DUMPING
4717.6.1 Waste Material. Waste material shall not be placed, deposited or dumped
in wildland-urban interface areas, or in, on or along trails, roadways or highways or
_______ --Ca=g=a=il!~L~!t:uctures in wildland-urban interface are<l~~
Exception: Approved public and approved private dumping areas.
4717.6.2 Ashes And Coals. Ashes and coals shall not be placed, deposited or
dumped in or on wildland-urban interface areas.
Exceptions:
1. In the hearth of an established fire pit, camp stove or fireplace.
2. In a noncombustible container with a tight fitting lid, which is kept or
maintained in a safe location not less than 10 feet (3048 mm) from nonfire-
resistive vegetation or structures.
3. Where such ashes or coals are buried and covered with 1 foot (305
mm) of mineral earth not less than 25 feet (7620 mm) from nonfire-resistive
vegetation or structures.
15.04.587 Section 4717.7 added -Protection Of Pumps And Water Storage Facilities.
Section 4717.7 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
4717.7 PROTECTION OF PUMPS AND WATER STORAGE FACILITIES
4717.7.1 General. The reliability of the water supply shall be in accordance with
Section 4717.7.
4717.7.2 Objective. The intent of this section is to increase the reliability of water
storage and pumping facilities and to protect such systems against loss from intrusion
by fire.
4717.7.3 Fuel Modification Area. Water storage and pumping facilities shall be
provided with a defensible space of not less than 30 feet (9144 mm) clear of non-fire-
resistive vegetation or growth around and adjacent to such facilities.
Persons owning, controlling, operating or maintaining water storage and pumping
systems requiring this defensible space are responsible for clearing and removing
071029 cjs 8260586 35
nonfire-resistive vegetation and maintaining the defensible space on the property
owned, leased or controlled by said person.
4717.7.4 Trees. Portions of trees that extend to within 30 feet (9144 mm) of
combustible portions of water storage and pumping facilities shall be removed.
4717.7.5 Protection of Electrical Power Supplies. When electrical pumps are used
to provide the required water supply, such pumps shall be connected to a standby
power source to automatically maintain electrical power in the event of power loss.
The standby power source shall be capable of providing power for a minimum oftwo
hours in accordance with the Electrical Code.
Exception: A standby power source is not required where the primary power
service to pumps are underground as approved by the code official.
15.04.588 Section 4717.8 added -Land use limitations in wildland-urban interface fire areas. ~······-·~~~Section 4717.8 is added to theCallfornia Fire Code to read as follows: ..
4717.8 LAND USE LIMITATIONS
4717.8.1 General. Temporary fairs, carnivals, public exhibitions and similar uses
must comply with all other provisions of this code in addition to enhanced ingress
and egress requirements.
4717.8.2 Objective. The increased public use ofland or structures in wildland-urban
interface areas also increases the potential threat to life safety. The provisions of this
section are intended to reduce that threat.
4717.8.3 Permits. Temporary fairs, carnivals, public exhibitions or similar uses shall
not be allowed in a designated wildland-urban interface area, except by permit from
the code officiaL
. Y<erIl1i1~sh~U il1~orporate such terms and conditions that will reasonably safeguard
pubHc-safety and-property. . .
15.04.590 Addition of Chapter 48 -Life safety requirements for existing high rise
buildings.
Chapter 48 is added to the California Fire Code to read as follows:
CHAPTER 48
LIFE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR EXISTING HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS
SECTION 4801 GENERAL
4801.1 Purpose. The purpose of this appendix is to provide a reasonable degree of
safety to persons occupying existing high-rise buildings by requiring minimum
071029 cjs 8260586 36
standards for exit corridors, exit stairways and elevator shafts, monitored alarm
systems and emergency plans.
4801.2 Scope. The requirements shall apply to all high-rise buildings constructed
prior to January 1, 1994 which have floors used for human occupancy located more
than 75 feet above the lowest level of approved fire department vehicle access or
other physical configuration that qualifies a building as high rise by local ordinance.
4801.3 Permits Required.
1. Building permits shall be obtained as required by the Building Code.
2. Not less than 30 days prior to submitting plans for a building permit, a preplan
review meeting shall be held, including the owner's design team, building official
and the chief~ to determipe the adequa~f the life-safetyemergeUQysystems cou~ept ______ _
for the building. The life-safety emergency systems shall be reflected on the plans for
--------tl)J;~builcling and-become a permanentpartofthebuildingliepa:rtIIrent's recordrih=e-----····--
building official and the chief may require sufficient documentation, based upon
engineering analysis, that the concept meets the intent of nationally recognized good
practices and such guidelines as the building official and chief have published.
4801.4 Enforcement. The provisions of this appendix shall be enforced by the chief.
4801.5 Compliance. All buildings shall be made to conform with the requirements of
Section 4802 within the following time periods:
1. Subsections 4802.11, 4802.12 and 4802.13 shall be completed within six months
of the adoption date of this Chapter.
2. The owners of buildings affected by this appendix or their representatives shall
submit plans to the building official showing intended methods of compliance with
-subsections 4802.1 through 4802.10 on or before June 30, 1990.
3. Subsections 4802.5, 4802.8, and 4802.9 shall be completed On or before January 1, 1991.
4. Subsections 4802.1,4802.2,4802.3,4802.4,4802.5,4802.6 and 4802.8 shall be
completed on or before April 1, 1994.
Note: Regardless of any specific compliance date stipulated above, a building shall
not be deemed in violation of this Chapter until such date has expired.
4801.6 Exceptions. The Fire Chief may grant certain exceptions to the requirements
ofthis Chapter, under the following circumstances:
1. The Fire Chief may allow the use of alternate materials or methods of compliance
upon a finding that the use of such alternate materials or methods of compliance will
071029 cjs 8260586 37
provide levels of fire and life safety equal to or greater than those otherwise required
in this Chapter.
2. The Fire Chief may waive individual requirements of this Chapter or grant
reasonable extensions of time in which to comply with said requirements upon a
finding that such requirements are not practical or possible, or pose an unreasonable
hardship. The determination of whether compliance is not practical or possible, or an
unreasonable hardship, shall be based upon an overall evaluation of the following
factors:
(i) The amount of fire and life safety that would be lost if the requirements were
waived or deferred;
(ii) The cost of complying with the requirements;
(iii) The financial hardship and disruption to occupants
(iv) The type and nature of the use of the building in question; and
(v) Such other factors as in the judgment of Fire Chief will result in providing a
reasonable degree of safety as required by this Uniform Fire Code, to persons
occupying or using the building.
3. The Fire Chief may grant reasonable extensions of time, up to two additional
years, within which to comply with the requirements of subsections 4802.1,4802.2,
4802.3,4802.4,4802.6,4802.7 and 4802.9 of this Chapter, upon making a finding of
hardship based upon the factors set forth in subsection (2) of this subsection
4801.6(t), or upon the agreement of the building owner that within said time, the
building will be 100% sprinklered, in accordance with NFP A 13 .
. 4.Th.~fire.Ghi~f shall preIJare written notice of determination togrant or not to grant
exceptions pursuant-to=tliis-paragraph. The Flre-€hlef-shaIFdlstnoute-thee ::rinlftl:ltti-leCi-e~· o()'· fF·· ==============
determination in the next available council packet; shall mail notice, postage prepaid,
to the affected building owner; and shall publish such notice once in a newspaper of
general circulation not later than five (5) days after the distribution of the notice on
the city council packet. The notice shall state the address and general description of
the subject property and the nature of the determination. The notice shall also state
that the details regarding the decision will be available in the Fire Chiefs office, and
that an appeal may be taken within ten (10) days after the date of publication of the
notice.
4801.7 Appeals.
1. Any person aggrieved or affected by any determination made by the Fire Chief
pursuant to subsection 4801.6 of this Chapter may appeal that determination in
071029 cjs 8260586 38
accordance with this subsection 4801.7.
2. An appeal from the decision ofthe Fire Chief shall be initiated within ten (10) days
after the publication of notice, as provided in Paragraph 4801.6, by the filing at the
office of the City Manager of a written, dated appeal, signed by all parties named as
appellants, stating the names and official mailing addresses of all appellant(s)
participating in the appeal and their relationship to the matter being appealed.
3. The appeal shall contain a statement of all facts supporting the contention of the
appellant(s) and all reasons why the decision of the Fire Chief should be reversed,
modified or set aside.
4. The appeal shall be accompanied by a fee, as set forth in the Municipal Fee
Schedule for Fire Department appeals.
5. Upon receipt of any appeal, the City Manager or designee shall set a date for a
---~heariIlg. Such-hearirrg-shaH-b"C-helrlwithin-fifteentI-5)-days-ofreceiptofthe-appeaL-A----
notice of the time and place of the hearing shall be given to the appellant(s) by the
City Manager or designee in writing. The notice shall be mailed, postage prepaid,
addressed to the appellant( s) at the address( es) listed on the appeal, or it shall be
delivered to the appellant(s) personally, at least ten (10) days prior to the hearing
date. If the appellant is other than the building owner, the building owner shall also
be notified of the hearing.
6. The City Manager or designee (other than any personnel from the Fire
Department), shall hear the appeaL At the time and place set for the hearing, the City
Manager or designee shall receive all testimonial, documentary and tangible evidence
bearing on the issues. The City Manager or designee may continue the hearing from
time to time. The City Manager or designee may approve, modify or disapprove the
determination of the Fire Chief. Within three (3) working days of the close of the
hearing, the City Manager or designee shall render a decision in writing. The decision
shallb~mai1ed,postage prepaid, to the appeUant(s) '1t the address(es) listed on the
appeal or aeltvered-rolhe appeUant(s)-pe-rsmrally:-If theappellantinYthertharrthe
building owner, the building owner shall also be notified of the decision.
7. The decision of the City Manager or designee shall be finaL
4801.8 Penalty. Failure to comply with subsection (e) above is unlawful and any
person, firm or corporation, whether as principal, agent, employee or otherwise,
violating any provisions of the above requirements shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.
Such person, firm or corporation is guilty of a separate offense for each and every day
during any portion of which any violation of these requirements is committed,
continued or permitted by such person, firm or corporation.
4801.9 Severability. Should any section, subsection, paragraph, sentence, clause or
phrase of this appendix be declared unconstitutional or invalid for any reason, such
071029 cjs 8260586 39
decision shall not affect the validity ofthe remaining portions of these requirements.
SECTION 4802 REQUIREMENTS
4802.1 Automatic Sprinklers. All required exit corridors, stairwells, elevator
lobbies, public assembly areas occupied by 100 or more persons and commercial
kitchens shall be protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system meeting the
design criteria ofNFP A 13. One sprinkler head shall be provided on the room side of
every corridor opening.
Exception: Sprinkler heads may be omitted in stairwells of noncombustible
construction.
4802.2 Corridor Doors. All doors opening into required exit corridors shall be in
conformance with the Building Code.
~~~~~~E~ ... !.~~ntion: E:x;isting 1-3/8 inch bQnc!~d, solid:9.Qre wood doors, ifl','!guipr.pe.=..:d=--______ ~
with self-closures, need not be replaced.
4802.3 Corridor Openings. All openings into required exit corridor, other than
doors, shall be in conformance with the Building Code.
4802.4 Exit Stairways. All high-rise buildings shall have a minimum of two
approved exit stairways. The Fire Chief may allow a minimum of one approved
stairway upon a finding that additional automatic sprinkler protection is provided that
meets the spirit of this Appendix and provides at least the equivalent protection of
that prescribed in this Appendix.
4802.5 Exit Stairwell Doors. All stairwell doors which are to be locked from the
stairwell side shall automatically unlock, without unlatching, when the alarm system
activates.
4802.6 Elevator Lobby Separation. All elevators on all floors shall open into
... -elevatorlobbies which are separated from the remainder of the building as is required
for corriaor construction illllie Builaing Coae. Tlie Fire Cliief may waive lliis
requirement upon a finding that additional automatic sprinkler protection is provided
that meets the spirit of this Appendix and provides at least the equivalent protection
of that prescribed in this Appendix.
4802.7 Elevator Recall. All automatic elevators shall be equipped for emergency
operation in conformance with the Building Code.
4802.8 Fire Alarm Systems. All high-rise buildings shall have an alarm system
meeting the requirements of this section. All required fire alarm systems shall be
designed to be heard clearly by all occupants within the building but in no case shall
it be less than 60 dB, or 15 dB above ambient noise levels, as measured in the A
scale, within all habitable areas of the building. All required alarm systems shall
operate automatic~lly by smoke or products of combustion detectors and by manual
071029 cjs 8260586 40
15.05
pull stations as approved by the chief.
4802.9 Fire Alarm Supervision. All fire alarm systems shall be connected to an
approved central station or the local fire department dispatch office in conformance
with the Fire Code as approved by the chief.
4802.10 Exit Illumination. Exits shall be illuminated at any time the building is
occupied with lights having an intensity of not less than I foot-candle at floor level.
Such lighting shall have an independent atternate source of supply such as an
emergency battery pack.
4802.11 Emergency Plan. The management for all buildings shall establish and
maintain a written fire and life safety emergency plan which has been approved by
the chief. The chief shall develop written criteria and guidelines upon which all plans
4802-:12-Posting of Emergency Plan anil-Exit-Plans. Coplesoftlieemergency plan
and exiting plans (including elevator and stairway placarding) shall be posted in
locations approved by the chief.
4802.13 Fire Drills. The management of all buildings shall conduct fire drills for
their staff and employees at least every 120 days. The fire department must be
advised of such drills at least 24 hours in advance. A written record of each drill shall
be maintained in the building management office and made available to the fire
department for review.
INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE
15.05.010
Fire Code.
Adoption of Chapters 3, 4, 5, 25, and Appendix of Chapter 1 of the International
--Chapters 3¥ 4,5, 25, and Appendix of Chapter 1 of the International Fire Code, 2006 Edition,
are adopted, as herein amended. One copy of the International Fire Code is on file and open to
public inspection in the office of the city clerk. Three copies ofthe secondary codes set forth within
the International Fire Code, and the amendments set forth in this chapter, are on file and open to
public inspection in the fire department administrative office.
Whenever the phrase "International Fire Code" appears in this code or in any ordinance
of the city, such phrase shall be deemed and construed to refer to and apply to the "International Fire
Code, 2006 Edition" and this chapter.
15.05.020 Section 308.3.5 deleted -Religious Ceremonies.
Section 308.3.5 of the International Fire Code is deleted.
15.05.030 Sections 311.5 through 311.5.3 deleted -Vacant premises.
071029 cjs 8260586 41
Sections 311.5 through 311.5.3 of the International Fire Code are deleted.
15.05.040 Section 404.2 amended -Fire safety and evacuation plan required.
Section 404.2 of the International Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
404.2 Where Required. An approved fire safety and evacuation plan shall be
prepared and maintained for the following occupancies and buildings.
1. Group A buildings having an occupant load of 100 or more persons.
2. Group B buildings having an occupant load of 500 or more persons, or 2 or
more stories in height.
3. Group E: See §3.l3 Title 19, CCR for regulations.
4. Group H.
5. Group 1. See §3.09 Title 19, CCR for regulations.
6. Group R-l. See §3.09 Title 19, CCR for regulations.
7.JJrotl12R-2 college and university building§. __ ,_
8. Group M buildings having an occupant load of 500 or more persons.
-------9. Coverenlnatls exceedmg-5(:);(:)(:)(:) square feet t4645-m2]iInrggregare-f1uur-------
area.
10. Underground buildings.
15.05.050 Section 404.3.1 amended -Fire evacuation plans.
Section 404.3.1 of the International Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
404.3.1 Fire Evacuation Plans. Fire evacuation plans shall include the following:
1. Emergency egress or escape routes and whether evacuation of the building is to be
complete or, where approved, by selected floors or areas only.
2. Description of what the fire alarm, if required, sounds and looks like (audible
and visual warning devices).
3. Procedures for employees who must remain to operate critical equipment before
evacuating.
4. Procedures for accounting for employees and occupants after evacuation has been
... mcompletedL_
5. ICientffication ana assignment of personnel responsiole for rescue or emergency
medical aid.
6. The preferred and any alternative means of notifYing occupants of a fire or
emergency.
7. The preferred and any alternative means of reporting fires and other emergencies to
the fire department or designated emergency response organization.
8. Identification and assignment of personnel who can be contacted for further
information or explanation of duties under the plan.
9. A description of the emergency voice/alarm communication system alert tone and
preprogramrned voice messages, where provided.
15.05.060 Table 405.2 amended -Fire and evacuation drills.
Table 405.2 of the International Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
071029 cjs 8260586 42
TABLE 405.2
FIRE AND EVACUATION DRILL
FREQUENCY AND PARTICIPATION
GROUP OR FREQUENCY PARTICIPATION OCCUPANCY
Group A Quarterly Employees
Group Bb Annually Employees
Group E See §3.13 Title 19, CCR
r---.......... Group I See §3.13 Title 19, CCR
Group R-1 See §3.13 Title 19, CCR
Group R_2c Four annually All occupants
1. The frequency shall be allowed to be modified in accordance with Section 408.3.2.
b. Group B buildingsnaving an occupairtload of 500 or more persons.
c. Applicable to Group R-2 college and university buildings in accordance with-SectIOn
408.3.
15.05.070 Sections 408.3.1 through 408.3.4 deleted.
Sections 408.3.1 through 408.3.4 of the International Fire Code are deleted.
15.05.075 Sections 408.5.1 through 408.5.5 deleted.
Sections 408.5.1 through 408.5.5 of the International Fire Code are deleted.
15.04.076 Sections 408.6 through 408.6.2 deleted.
Sections 408.6 through 408.6.2 of the International Fire Code are deleted.
15.04.077 Sections 408.7 through 408.7.4 deleted.
Sections 408.7 through 408.7.4 of the International Fire Code are deleted.
=======:::;lt~~8-· -SectioitsA08~8~11mri:rglPHJ8;~leteiJl~. ===========================================
Sections 408.8 through 408.8.3 of the International Fire Code are deleted.
15.05.079 Section 408.9 amended -Group R-2 occupancies.
Section 408.9 of the International Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
408.9 Group R-2 Occupancies. Group R-2 occupancies shall comply with the
requirements of Sections 408.9.1 through 408.9.3 and Sections 401 through 406.
Group R-2 college and university buildings shall comply with the requirements of
Sections 408.9.1 through 408.9.6 and Sections 401 through 406.
15.05.080 Sections 408.9.4 through 408.9.5 added -First Emergency Evacuation Drill.
Sections 408.9.4 through 408.9.5 are added to the International Fire Code to read as follows:
071029 cjs 8260586 43
408.9.4 First Emergency Evacuation Drill. The first emergency evacuation drill of
each school year shall be conducted within 10 days of the beginning of classes.
408.9.5 Time of Day. Emergency evacuation drills shall be conducted at different
hours of the day or evening, during the changing of classes, when the school is at
assembly, during the recess or gymnastic periods, or during other times to avoid
distinction between drills and actual fires.
15.04.090 Sections 408.10 through 408.10.5 deleted.
Sections 408.10 through 408.10.5 of the International Fire Code are deleted.
15.05.100 Section 408.11.1.2 amended -Plan Revisions.
Section 408.11.1.2 of the International Fire Code is amended to read as follows:
-----··············--408.1~1.1....l_Re-visionSr_T.,n~ease.._plall8---sball---b€-4'(.wi8edannually-orasmoften~asi-------
them current.
15.05.110 Section 507.4 added -Roof guards at interior courts.
Section 507.4 is added to Chapter 5 of the International Fire Code to read as follows:
507.4 Roof Guards At Interior Courts. Roof openings into interior courts that are
bounded on all sides by building walls shall be protected with roof guards. The top of
the roof guard shall not be less than 42 inches in height above the adjacent roof
surface that can be walked on. Intermediate rails shall be designed and spaced such
that a 12-inch diameter sphere cannot pass through.
Exception: Interior courts with roof opening greater than 600 square feet in area.
SECTION 2. The Council adopts the findings for local amendments to the California Fire
Code, 2007 Edition, attached hereto as Exhibit ItAIt and incorporated herein by reference.
SECTION-3 n The-CouncH -fjndsthatthis-proJ.e.ctJsexempt-fmmthe-pr.o.:cisions of the
California Environmental Quality Act ("CEQA"), pursuant to Section 15061 of the CEQA
Guidelines, because it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the amendments
herein adopted will have a significant effect on the environment.
III
III
III
071029 cjs 8260586 44
SECTION 4. This Ordinance shall become effective on the commencement of the thirty-first
day after the day of its adoption.
INTRODUCED:
PASSED:
AYES:
NOES:
ABSTENTIONS:
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
071029 cjs 8260586
November 13,2007
November 26, 2007
BARTON, BEECHAM, CORDELL, DREKMEIER, KISHIMOTO,
KLEIN, MORTON, MOSSAR
KLEINBERG
City Mager
~~ Fire Chief
45
EXHIBIT A
Findings for Local Amendments to the
2007 California Fire Code
The following local amendments to the 2007 California Fire Code make modifications as authorized
by the California Health and Safety Code. In accordance with Section 18941.5 of said Code,
Findings are hereby made to show that such modifications or changes are reasonably necessary
because of local climatic, geological or topographical conditions.
PREAMBLE
A. Pursuant toSection 179"58-:-50f-tl1eea:ltfornia Hea:ltlrami-S-a:fetyeooe,tIre-repurtcuntained-----
herein is submitted as the "Findings of Fact" document with regard to the adoption ofthe California
Fire Code, 2007 Edition, and amendments. Under this adopting ordinance, specific amendments
have been established which are more restrictive in nature than those adopted by the State of
California (State Building Code Standards, State Housing and Community Development Codes)
commonly referred to as California Code of Regulations, Titles 19, 24 and 25.
B. These amendments to the California Fire Code, 2007 Edition, have been recognized by the
City of Palo Alto as tools for addressing the fire problems, concerns and future direction by which
the authority can establish and maintain an environment which will afford a level of fire and life
safety to all who live and work within the City's boundaries.
C. Under the provisions of Section 17958.5 of the Health and Safety Code, local amendments
shall be based upon the following: climatic, geological/geographical, and topographical conditions.
The findings of fact contained herein shall address each of these situations and shall present the local
. situationwhich,eitheLsingularlYuor incombination,caused th.eestablisheduamendments to be
adopted.
1. Climactic Conditions:
The district, on an average, experiences an annual rainfall of 16" -18". This rainfall can be expected
between October and April of each year. However, during the summer months there is little, if any,
measurable precipitation. During this dry period the temperatures are usually between 70-90 degrees
with light to gusty westerly winds. These drying winds, combined with the natural vegetation which
is dominant throughout the area, create a hazardous fuel condition which can cause, and has caused
in the past, extensive grass and brush land fires. With more and more development encroaching into
these wooded and grass covered areas, wind-driven fires could have severe consequences, as has
been demonstrated on several occasions in Palo Alto and other areas of the state. Fires in structures
can easily spread to the wildland as well as a fire in the wildland into a structure.
071029 cjs 8260586 46
Because of the weather patterns, a normal rainfall cannot always be relied upon. This can result in
water rationing and water allocation systems, as demonstrated by the drought years of 1986-1991.
Water shortages can also be expected in the future due to the current water storage capacities and
increased consumption. The water supply for the Palo Alto fire department makes use of automatic
fire sprinkler systems feasible as a means to reduce our dependency on large volumes of water for
fire suppression.
2. Geological & Geographical Conditions
Geographical Location. Palo Alto is located at the northern most part of Santa Clara County. Palo
Alto is a major focus of the "Silicon Valley," the center for an expanding and changing electronics
industry, as well as pharmaceutical, biomedical, and genetic research.
Seismic Location. Palo Alto is situated on alluvial solids between San Francisco Bay and the San
____ ~Angreas Fault zone. TheC:;ilY'~ location makesit particularly vuln,~mQl~Jo damag~~!<:U?Ue=r,,-a=n=d~ ___ _
older structures caused by seismic events. The relatively young geological processes that have
-------;>'>;crl'Z!e;7:i'ated-theSa:nFrancisco Bay-Area are stilI-active-tudar.-Scismic'a:Hy;-th-e city sits-betwem-twuro-----
active earthquake faults (San Andreas and the Hayward/Calaveras), and numerous potentially active
faults. Approximately 55% of the City's land surface is in the high-to-moderate seismic hazard
zones.
Seismic and Fire Hazards. Fire following an earthquake has the potential of causing greater loss of
life and damage than the earthquake itself.
The majority of the City's high-rise structures are located in seismic risk zones. Should a significant
seismic event occur, Public Safety resources would have to be prioritized to mitigate the greatest
threat, and may not be available for every structural fire. In such event, individual structures,
including high-rise buildings, should be equipped to help in mitigating the risk of damage.
Other variables may tend to intensify the situation:
a.
b. The extent of isolation due to bridge and!or freeway overpass collapse;
c. The extent of roadway damage and! or amount of debris blocking the roadways;
d. Climatical conditions (hot, dry weather with high winds);
e. Time of day will influence the amount of traffic on roadways and could intensify the risk to
life during normal business hours;
f. The availability of timely mutual aid or military assistance;
g. Many high-rise structures are located near areas of high fire danger necessitating special
precautions.
071029 cjs 8260586 47
Transportation. Palo Alto is dissected by a major state highway (EI Camino Real) and two major
freeways (1-280 and u.s. 101), which potentially could negatively affect response times of fire
suppression equipment.
Soil Conditions. Palo Alto lies at the southern end of San Francisco Bay and is built atop the alluvial
deposits that surround the margins of the Bay. The alluvium was created by the flooding of many
streams emptying into the San Francisco Bay depression, and from intermittent sea water inundation
that has occurred over the last 2 or 3 million years. The areas closest to the Bay are overlain by
unconsolidated fine silty clay, known as Bay Mud which varies in thickness from a few feet to as
much as 30 feet. Generally, the older more stable alluvium is to the south and the younger less stable
material is to the north. Bedrock lies beneath the area at depths of generally 300' or more.
3. Topographical Conditions:
The findings of fact for the topographical element, as would be expected, are closely associated with
~~~~···thegoolugicaI1geugraphica}-elem~t;With1:he-eJevatiun--changeswithirrthe-districr,deveiopmentis'----
of course following the path of least resistance, creating a meandering pattern. This then does not
lend itself to a good systematic street and road layout, which would promote easy traffic flow. It has,
in fact, resulted in few maj or crosstown thoroughfares which tend to be heavily congested, primarily
during commute hours and seasonal periods of the year. This creates barriers which reduce the
response time of fire equipment and other emergency services. The topography of the district is
being burdened by major structures. Employment areas are throughout the district. The people who
work in these complexes have added to the traffic congestion throughout the city, thereby reducing
the fire department's response time capabilities.
Inherent delays caused by the traffic patterns to many of these types of proj ects, make it necessary to
mitigate this problem by requiring additional built-in automatic fire protection systems to provide
early detection and initial control until the arrival of the fire department.
The topography of the district in much of the commercial and residential zones lies within or near a
Jloodplane.Periodicall)" heavy rains andhightides C(iuse region-wide flooding which not only
delays response but also increases demandSlJIlfire personn-el. 'f~e-amendments-iITcrense
safeguards and initialize early response to help compensate for these physical delays.
As a result of the findings of facts which identifY the various climatic, geological/geographical and
topographical elements, those additional requirements as specified in the amendments to adopting
ordinance for the California Fire Code 2007 Edition, by the City of Palo Alto area are considered
reasonable and necessary modifications. The experience of several disastrous fires within the city in
addition to Santa Clara, Monterey, San Mateo, Alameda and Contra Costa counties have
demonstrated the need for other fire protection features, the most significant of which was located in
the OaklandlBerkeley Hills in which over 3,000 homes were destroyed and 25 human lives were lost.
While it is clearly understood that the adoption of such regulations may not prevent the incidence of
fire, the implementation of these various amendments to the Code may reduce the severity and
potential of loss of life and property.
071029 cjs 8260586 48
II. Specific Findings for Local Amendments
The majority oflocal amendments (those not specifically listed below) are made strictly to conform
to other parts of the Palo Alto Municipal Code (PAMC) and for similar administrative purposes.
Based upon the findings of fact described in section I, the City Council also makes the following
specific findings regarding local climatic, geological, and topographic conditions related to local
amendments to the California and International Fire Codes found in Chapters 15.04 and 15.05 of
Title 15 of the Palo Alto Municipal Code ("PAMC"):
1. The local amendments contained in PAMC sections 15.04.030 through 15.04.070 and
sections 15.04.330 through 15.04.441 relating to general conditions for hazardous materials are
necessary modifications to the California Fire Code flammable and hazardous materials sections.
because they maintain consistency with the Hazardous Materials Storage Ordinance which has
been adopted county-'Yid~m~ince 1983. Requirements include safeguards such as monitming~mm
secondary containment, separation of non compatibles which prevent incidents should a seismic
----------,;e""v""'en-t;authorized-release, Of accidentoccur:
2. The local amendment contained in PAMC section 15.04.130-Weed removal-is necessary
to require weeds to be removed from properties when determined to be a hazard at the expense of
the responsible party. Weeds can be a fire hazard that may also contribute to the uncontrolled
spread of fire as a result of the climatic, geographical, and topographical conditions described in
Findings 1, 2, and 3 above.
3. The local amendments contained in PAMC section 15.04.170 through 15.04.190 set forth
measures to limit delays in response time and reduce hazards to firefighters. These measures are
necessary to prevent exacerbation of response delays associated with the Climatic, Geographical
and Topographical conditions listed in Findings 1, 2 and 3 above.
4. The local amendment contained in PAMC section 15.04.210-Immersion Heaters-is
necessary as a fire control measure because it requires additional controls on process heating
devices~whicharmeoftenactivated when unattended. See 2.
5. The local amendments contained in PAMC 15.04.230 -Automatic sprinkler systems,
15.04.240 -Garages and attics, 15.04.250 -Attics and usable crawl spaces, and 15.04.260 -Fire
department connections, are necessary for faster control of fires in the dense populated area of
our community to confine a fire to the area of origin rather than spread to neighboring structures.
The modifications contained in these amendments provide additional fire extinguishing systems
in new construction, major remodels, additions, and occupancy classification changes to help
mitigate the problems identified in Findings 1,2, and 3, above-Climatic, Geographical and
Topographical.
6. The local amendment contained in PAMC section 15.04.270 -Floor control valves-is
necessary to provide fire extinguishing control devices that allow systems to remain partially in
service while repairs or maintenance are ongoing. See Findings 1 and 2.
071029 cjs 8260586 49
7. The local amendments contained in PAMC sections 15.04.280 through 15.04.295 provide
for additional fire and life safety measures during construction and demolition. See Findings 2
and 3.
8. The local amendments contained in P AMC 15.04.300-Definition of "continuous gas
detection system" and sections 15.04.450 through 15.04.502 regarding toxic gases incorporate
requirements established by the Model Toxic Gas Ordinance and California Fire Code.
Administrative and restrictive measures include changes in definitions, quantities regulated, and
utilizes County consensus guidelines established by other regional agencies which share similar
climatic, geological/geographical, and topographical conditions. See Findings 1,2 and 3.
9. . The local amendment contained in PAMC section 15.04.310 -Fire Protection Water
Supply System, requires an adequate water supply in areas used for storage of highly combustible
_ ...... __ .. ~ .. _~@ic\Vastt! materiaJ~. Thi§ requir,~!1lent!!1itigate~ the added Climati<; hazards and l~mited ~~ ___ _
access due to Topographical conditions.
10. The local amendments contained in PAMC section 15.04.510 -Storage and use of
liquefied petroleum gas-place restrictions on liquid petroleum gas where natural gas is provided.
These restrictions are appropriate given Palo Alto's seismically active local geological
conditions because they will reduce portable container releases in the event of seismic activity
and mitigate the geological risk described in Finding 2.
11. The local amendments contained in PAMC sections 15.04.520 through 15.04.588 set
forth protections for urban-wildland interface areas that are necessary to mitigate the additional
fire risks in the Palo Alto foothills hazardous fire zone. The modifications contained in these
amendments provide for additional precautions against fire risks and additional fire extinguishing
systems necessitated by the conditions listed in Findings 1, 2, and 3 above-Climatic,
Geographical and Topographical.
12. The local amendments contained in PAMC section 15.04.590-Life safety requirements
for..existinghighJiseJ:llllldi!1gs-ar~cl~sigl1t!dtoprovicl~Clclclitional fIre ~ aJ1d life safety features in
existing high-rise-butldings-g~rrtIre-seismicanrsensitive geological-conditions described III
Findings 2 and 3.
071029 cjs 8260586 50