HomeMy WebLinkAbout20156-04-12 Utilities Advisory Commission Summary MinutesUtilities Advisory Commission Minutes Approved on: May 4, 2016 Page 1 of 15
UTILITIES ADVISORY COMMISSION MEETING - SPECIAL MEETING
FINAL MINUTES OF APRIL 12, 2016
CALL TO ORDER
Chair Foster called to order at 7:10 p.m. the meeting of the Utilities Advisory Commission
(UAC).
Present: Chair Foster, Vice Chair Cook, Commissioners Ballantine, Danaher, and Schwartz
Absent: Commissioners Eglash and Hall, and Council Liaison Scharff
ORAL COMMUNICATIONS
None.
APPROVAL OF THE MINUTES
Commissioner Schwartz proposed the following changes to the minutes: (1) change the fourth
sentence in the first paragraph under “Reports from Commission Meetings/Events” to: “She
said that it is preferable to provide customers a choice and would be relevant to our discussions
of opt-in, opt-out with respect to the PaloAltoGreen Gas program.”; and (2) change the second
sentence in the second paragraph under “Reports from Commission Meetings/Events” to: “She
said the techniques offer lessons to utilities including Palo Alto, particularly with respect to
opportunities for customers looking to establish or rehabilitate credit ratings.”
Chair Foster moved to approve the minutes from March 2, 2016 UAC meeting with the
proposed changes and Commissioner Ballantine seconded the motion. The motion carried
unanimously (5-0) with Chair Foster, Vice Chair Cook, Commissioners Ballantine, Danaher, and
Schwartz voting yes and Commissioners Eglash and Hall absent.
AGENDA REVIEW AND REVISIONS
None.
REPORTS FROM COMMISSION MEETINGS/EVENTS
Commissioner Schwartz attended the Power Agency of Northern California (PANC) meeting,
which had the new California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) Office of Ratepayer Advocates
director as the speaker. She is trying to bring innovation and the City can learn from what they
will be doing.
Commissioner Schwartz reported that she will be attending the next meeting (April 13) of the
“51st State Initiative” that examines what it will look like if you could start from scratch to
develop a new energy market as a way to discuss innovations around the future of energy.
Utilities Advisory Commission Minutes Approved on: May 4, 2016 Page 2 of 15
UTILITIES DIRECTOR REPORT
1. City of Palo Alto Utilities Ranks in Top 10 for Most Solar Watts per Customer: CPAU
earned a spot on the annual Top 10 utility solar list compiled by SEPA, the Smart Electric Power
Alliance (formerly the Solar Electric Power Association). SEPA ranked CPAU third on the Watts
per Customer list, for 1,846 watts per customer and 861 PV systems installed in 2015. This is
the 3rd time CPAU has made the Top 10 list. Awards were announced this afternoon at the
Utility Solar Conference in Denver. SEPA’s ninth annual survey includes more than 300 utilities
across the country.
2. Palo Alto CLEAN (feed-in tariff) Program: On March 28, the City Council voted to maintain
the 16.5 cents per kWh CLEAN rate to encourage local solar projects despite having a
unanimous recommendation from the Finance Committee to reduce the price to the avoided
cost of about 9 cents per kWh.
3. Mayor’s Green Business Leader Awards: The City’s "Mayor Green Business Leader” Awards
program recognizes and promotes Palo Alto companies who have made major strides in
improving building energy efficiency. In Palo Alto, businesses that benchmark their energy use
and receive ENERGY STAR certification are considered a Green Business Leader. On April 4,
Mayor Burt honored eight companies for their leadership in energy efficient building
management in 2015. Thirty buildings totaling over 2.3 million square feet of office space
qualified for this 4th annual award. CPAU’s news webpage (cityofpaloalto.org/utilities) has
more information about the companies honored.
4. National Mayor’s Challenge for Water Conservation: Mayor Burt has joined the Mayor’s
Challenge for Water Conservation, a national competition in which city mayors encourage their
residents to save water and sign the “My Water Pledge” on behalf of their city. The city with the
most pledges at the end of April wins, and residents are then entered into a chance to win
prizes such as a new Toyota Prius! Sign on to water conservation at mywaterpledge.com
5. April is National Safe Digging Month – Call 811 to Prevent Pipeline Accidents: April is
National Safe Digging Month, a campaign to educate people to "Know What's Below and Call
811 Before You Dig." The City promotes this important safety reminder to our community
throughout the year, but is placing additional emphasis on the message in April. Excavation
damage remains one of the leading causes of gas and other utility pipeline accidents. These
accidents are preventable by first calling 811 prior to digging. The Underground Service Alert
(USA) is a free service that will come out and mark all of your underground utilities.
Visit Call811.com for more information.
6. Recent and Upcoming Events
March 26: Rainwater Harvesting Workshop and Rain Barrel Giveaway
April 13: Learning about California Native Plants Workshop Details and registration for this
and other workshops are available at cityofpaloalto.org/workshops
April 30: Great Race for Saving Water – 5K fun run and walk to raise awareness about water
resources and conservation. This family-friendly race and Earth Day festival is a fun, healthy
way to celebrate the environment and our precious natural resources. Join fellow community
Utilities Advisory Commission Minutes Approved on: May 4, 2016 Page 3 of 15
members at the scenic Baylands for some outdoor recreation, raffle prizes, goodies, and a
chance to catch the “running toilet!” Free bike repairs and tune-ups will be offered by Repair
Café for those who bicycle to the event. Details and registration at cityofpaloalto.org/GreatRace
COMMISSIONER COMMENTS
None.
UNFINISHED BUSINESS
None.
NEW BUSINESS
ITEM 1: ACTION: Staff Recommendation that the Utilities Advisory Commission Recommend
that the City Council Adopt 1) a Resolution Approving the Fiscal Year 2017 Electric Financial Plan
and Amending the Electric Utility Reserves Management Practices, and 2) a Resolution
Increasing Electric Rates by Amending the E-1, E-2, E-2-G, E-4, E-4-G, E-4-TOU, E-7, E-7-G, E-7-
TOU, E-14, and E-16 Rate Schedules, and Repealing Rate Schedules E-18 and E-18-G
Senior Resource Planner Jonathan Abendschein summarized the written report. He explained
that distribution and power supply costs are increasing requiring an 11% rate increase this July
followed by a 10% rate increase next year. He said that this is the first rate change since July
2009 and the first electric rate change since the passage of Proposition 26. A cost of service
analysis (COSA) was completed to support the rates and ensure that they are compliant with
Proposition 26. Abendschein reminded that the UAC reviewed, and the Council adopted,
electric rate design guidelines and that the COSA is to be completed in two phases. The first
phase of the COSA is complete and provided tonight with the second phase starting in late 2016
to examine rate options that need further study and may need advanced metering technologies
such as time-of-use rates.
Abendschein said that the projected cost and revenue profile, which reveals that in FY 2015 and
FY 2016, revenues did not cover costs and that costs are increasing due to new renewable
projects coming on line, increases in capital costs and some increases in operations and
maintenance cost related to deferred maintenance and the difficulty filling vacant positions in
the Operations Division. Abendschein said that the drought caused short-term cost increases
that were funded from reserves. Consistent with the purpose of the reserves, the Rate
Stabilization and Hydro Stabilization Reserves were drawn down in FY 2015 and FY 2016 and
are expected to be exhausted by the end of FY 2017. Although staff would have liked to keep
the rate increase under 10%, the level of reserves requires a larger increase this year and, even
with two years of significant rate increases in FY 2017 and FY 2018, the Supply Operations
Reserve falls $3.9 million below the minimum guideline level. Abendschein said that this is
allowed as long as the Council approves and the financial plan shows the reserve climbing
above the minimum level during the planning period. He added that there is uncertainty in the
hydroelectric generation forecast and the spring rains may increase the generation above what
is in the forecast. Abendschein said that the risk of any negative impact to the bond rating by
falling below the minimum guideline level is very small due to the presence of the significant
balance in the Electric Special Projects Reserve, which provides a substantial cushion for the
financial health of the Electric Fund.
Utilities Advisory Commission Minutes Approved on: May 4, 2016 Page 4 of 15
Commissioner Danaher asked what rate increase would be required to keep the Supply
Operations Reserve above the minimum guideline level. Abendschein said that a 14% rate
increase would be required in July 2016 to ensure that the reserve remain above the minimum
level. Abendschein said that the projected 11% and 10% rate increases do a good job matching
revenues to costs over the next several years. If too large of a rate increase is implemented too
early to refill reserves, there could be a need to reduce rates in the future, which is difficult to
explain.
Abendschein said the Electric Distribution Operations Reserve also goes to minimum guideline
level in FY 2016, but is projected to be above the minimum level for the planning horizon
(through FY 2023).
Abendschein explained that a cost of service analysis (COSA) includes three steps: calculation of
the revenue requirement, determination of how much revenue to collect from each customer
class, and design of rates to collect the revenues. The COSA involves examining the
consumption patterns of each customer group. The result of the new COSA is that there is a
different alignment of costs by customer class since the last Electric COSA was performed. This
is caused by changing consumption patterns for each customer group.
Chair Foster asked if the increased costs for the streetlighting and traffic lights would be paid by
the City’s General Fund. Abendschein confirmed this understanding. Chair Foster said that the
cost for streetlighting doesn’t seem like a cost of service in the same sense it does for other
customer classes. He said that the rate impact for the residents and businesses is softened by
hitting the General Fund with these increased costs. Assistant Director said that this is not the
reason the cost allocation realignment is being done, but agreed that this is the effect of the
change.
Commissioner Danaher said that the goal of the COSA is to have a transparent way to see the
costs for each customer group and that this is an appropriate way to show the costs of services
such as streetlighting. Chair Foster said that he is not surprised by the cost, but is worried that
this new expense for the General Fund will result in other priorities not being able to be funded
since the General Fund has limited sources of funds. Commissioner Danaher asked if the
increase cost was driven by the change of streetlights to more efficient LED lamps. Abendschein
said that the revenue requirement was developed by determining all the costs—capital and
operating—that are needed for the streetlighting and traffic signal service. Abendschein said
that Utilities has coordinated very closely with the City’s Office of Management and Budget on
this proposal.
Chair Foster asked about the large increase in the Municipal Rates (Rate Schedule E-18) and
which customers they would impact. Abendschein said that these customers are the City
facilities and that when the E-18 rate is repealed, the facilities will be assigned to an applicable
rate schedule. He said that this utility—the Electric Fund—is the last utility with these special
rate schedules for City facilities. Utilities has coordinated with the Office of Management and
Budget on these changed proposal. Chair Foster asked if the Palo Alto Unified School District is
part of the customer group. Abendschein responded that it is only City facilities such as City Hall
and the Regional Water Quality Control Plant (RWQCP), but does not include the school district.
Utilities Advisory Commission Minutes Approved on: May 4, 2016 Page 5 of 15
Abendschein said that the bill impact for each facility depends on the new rate schedule that
they would be assigned to and that some facilities could experience rate increases of 35% or
more, but some, such as the RWQCP, will not as that facility will move to the E-7 rate schedule
which has similar rates to the current E-18 rates. The smaller City facilities that are moved to
the E-2 or E-4 rate schedules will have larger increases.
Abendschein explained that the recommended rate design for residential customers (on Rate
Schedule E-1) is for two tiers, instead of the current three tiers, since the two-tier rate design
most closely matches the cost of service. He added that the proposal includes the addition of a
minimum charge for all customers. Abendschein said that the residential rate design proposal is
to be consistent with the cost of service down to the rate level as required by Proposition 26.
He said that the non-residential rates continue with the same rate design as in current rates.
Commissioner Schwartz recommended reviewing Bluebonnet Electric Cooperative’s website,
which has a good explanation of the components of their electric rates.
Abendschein showed the bill impact of the rate changes for residential (E-1) customers as a
result of collapsing the three tiers to two tiers. The largest users have a lesser increase in
percentage terms.
Commissioner Ballantine asked if next year’s anticipated rate increase of 10% will have a
disproportionate impact on residential customers again. Abendschein said that this year’s
changes rebalance the cost of service relationship between the customer classes and the
changes next year should be more proportionate and not impact one customer group much
differently than any other.
Commissioner Ballantine asked about whether staff evaluated the impact of two-tier vs. three-
tier rates when trying to match the rate structure to the cost of service with respect to the
impact on electric vehicle (EV) charging. Abendschein said that there was not sufficient time to
conduct detailed analysis on the impact on EV charging, but that this will be reviewed in more
detail in Phase 2 of the COSA. Commissioner Ballantine said that with higher EV penetration,
the third tier might need to come back or there is some type of fixed cost when peak daytime
load needs to be expanded to accommodate EV charging. He said that the carrying capacity of
the grid may change as it relates to peak demand, but not necessarily energy. Abendschein said
that the City has a fair amount of excess distribution capacity currently and, even with Palo
Alto’s high penetration of EVs, the impact is still not significant enough to cause cost increases
to the distribution system at this time and there will be sufficient time to adjust to a dramatic
increase in EV penetration, if it actually occurs. Abendschein added that the bulk of the
residential EV charging occurs during the middle of the night and not at the distribution
system’s peak times.
Commissioner Danaher noted that the draft Sustainability and Climate Action Plan encourages
EVs and asked whether EV owners would be pushed into the highest price tier. Abendschein
noted that the rate proposal eliminates the highest priced third tier so the impact on EVs is
reduced from current rates.
Utilities Advisory Commission Minutes Approved on: May 4, 2016 Page 6 of 15
Vice Chair Cook said that the community doesn’t like rate increases. However, we have been
blessed with rates that have not changed in 8 years and the rate comparisons show that the
rate increase still results in relatively low rates compared to neighboring utilities. Vice Chair
Cook asked if the rate proposal would result in any discouragement of EVs or of electrification
to reduce GHG emissions. Abendschein said that there are many drivers for electrification and
cost is not necessarily all of it. The rate increase will tend to discourage electrification, but the
elimination of the third tier will encourage electrification. Abendschein noted that gas rates are
projected to increase as well.
Commissioner Ballantine stated that in a recent presentation to the UAC, staff showed that the
economics of solar thermal systems (hot water heating) are challenging. He said that these rate
changes will improve the cost-effectiveness of solar PV, which could push people to use solar
for electricity rather than for its thermal heat. However, this is a less efficient way to use energy
from the sun so this change will push towards thermal use. He said that using heat from the
sun to make heat makes more sense from a physics perspective.
Vice Chair Cook asked whether smart meters will change the cost of service since customers
may adjust their usage based on better information provided to them. Abendschein said that it
was too early to conclude anything since the CustomerConnect program is still underway and
that Phase 2 of the study will show more results as to changing customer behavior that may
change the factors that contribute to the allocation of costs in the cost of service study.
Vice Chair Cook said that the community has enjoyed stable rates for a long time, but will need
to accept the rate increase at this point. He commented that Proposition 26 has taken away
the ability to design rates to some extent, which can be very frustrating. Abendschein reminded
that this is why the rate design guidelines are taken to the UAC for recommendation and the
Council for approval in advance of conducting a new COSA.
Chair Foster asked if the projected 11% in FY 2017, then a 10% rate for FY 2018 followed by a
2% increase in FY 2019 could be spread out more evenly over the those years—for example, 8%
per year in FY 2017 and FY 2018 following by a higher than 2% increase in FY 2019. Abendschein
explained that the reserve would fall far below the minimum in that case. Alternately, the City
would have to cut back on capital improvements or maintenance to reduce cost. Abendschein
referred the Commission to the rapidly escalating costs in FY 2016 and FY 2017 shown in Figure
7 on page 20 of the FY 2017 Electric Financial Plan. He said that rates must follow those costs.
Chair Foster asked how much lower the reserves would go with an 8%, rather than an 11% rate
increase in July. Abendschein said that the reserve would almost be exhausted in that case. He
noted that reducing the increase in FY 2017 and FY 2018 would require a larger increase in FY
2019 and FY 2020 to the extent that rates would then be too high to not only recover costs, but
to refill reserves such that a rate decrease could be needed in the future, which would be
difficult to explain to customers.
Chair Foster would prefer not to hit the General Fund with the cost of streetlights and traffic
lights as he thinks that the General Fund will have to reduce programs and funds elsewhere to
pay the increased cost. He would also like to continue with three tiers for the E-1 rate schedule
to promote conservation. Senior Deputy City Attorney Jessica Mullan said that the streetlights
Utilities Advisory Commission Minutes Approved on: May 4, 2016 Page 7 of 15
rates must be based on the cost of providing the services and any alteration to the proposal
must be cost-justified. Chair Foster said that all residents and businesses benefit from
streetlights including businesses and residents. Chair Foster asked how long the streetlight
service has been provided by Utilities as a “freebie”. Assistant Director Jane Ratchye said that
this is the first time that the Electric Fund will be subject to Proposition 26 since the City hasn’t
changed rates since it was effective in 2010. Mullan added that now that the City is adjusting its
electric rates, it is under Proposition 26 and all electric rates must be cost-justified, which is
why the COSA was so careful to make sure that all rates are based on the cost of service.
Commissioner Ballantine agreed that it’s not only City employees that benefit from streetlights,
but the greater city and community—all ratepayers—that benefit. Vice Chair Cook added that
there are many things that are a common good and asked why ratepayers would pay for that
common good and not roads or other services. Commissioner Ballantine said that the City
doesn’t supply electricity to the roads. Chair Foster said that the City has no ability to raise
taxes for this service. Commissioner Schwartz said that it is more transparent to show the true
cost of providing this service and that if the rates for streetlights were not increased to cover
the cost of providing the service, the rest of the electric rates would have to increase even
more. Chair Foster said that of the $12 million revenue increase for this rate increase, $2 million
is for the increased cost of streetlights. Chair Foster asked how the City would be able to cover
these increased costs. Mullan said that she couldn’t speak to the budget process the Council
will go through to balance the budget, but she wanted to clarify that streetlights are an electric
service and that service must be provided at cost-based rates. Chair Foster said that she would
recommend that the City develop a creative way to fund this cost rather than put it on the
General Fund. Commissioner Ballantine said that the changes to the municipal rates (repealing
the E-18 rate schedule) will also add significant costs to the General Fund. Chair Foster agreed
that the hit to the General Fund is not just the $2 million for the streetlights, but an additional
increase for electric service for municipal facilities. Abendschein said that the total impact to
the General Fund is about $2.5 million since the E-18 rate affects some customers who are not
the General Fund (such as the RWQCP). Vice Chair Cook said that he heard earlier that Utilities
staff worked with the City to coordinate this change. He asked if the General Fund expressed
any concerns. Abendschein said that concerns were expressed, but that staff incorporated the
change and included these increased costs when it prepared the City’s financial forecast last
fall.
Commissioner Schwartz asked if there are public hearings to educate the community about the
rate changes and asked if there should be additional communication efforts given the large
increases. Ratchye added that the Utilities Communication Manager has developed a
comprehensive communication plan for the rate increase. Commissioner Schwartz asked if the
UAC can provide suggestions to improve communications.
Chair Foster asked for Commission comment on two versus three tiers for the E-1 Rate
Schedule. Commissioner Schwartz noted that the investor-owned utilities (IOUs) have gone
from five tiers to four and then three and will soon go to two tiers with an extra charge for high
usage customers, then to default time-of-use (TOU) rates. Abendschein said that it’s nice to be
consistent with other utilities, but the proposal was developed because it is the most consistent
with the cost of service. Commissioner Schwartz commented that a two-tier rate structure is
Utilities Advisory Commission Minutes Approved on: May 4, 2016 Page 8 of 15
better for EV owners. Abendschein said that the rates also provide more of an equitable
incentive for all customers to install PV, instead of only high energy users who are in the highest
(most expensive) tier. It also improves the incentive for all customers to increase efficiency.
Commissioner Ballantine noted that the rate impact percentage-wise is the lowest for the
highest users. He said that the first tier increases by 16%, tier two increases by 30%, but the
third tier falls by 3%. Although the model developed these rates, no rate structure can actually
exactly reflect the cost of service. Abendschein said that the model is used to allocate actual
costs and those decisions have to be explainable and fully justifiable—the method does not
involve averaging, or a statistical scenario—and industry standard methodologies were used to
allocate the costs and develop the rates. Commissioner Ballantine asked if there is any way to
re-create a third tier since the percentage difference is so low.
Commissioner Schwartz asked if a larger increase on high energy users—so that their increase
would be comparable to lower energy users—could potentially fund the streetlights. She said
that he higher energy users may be less price sensitive. Abendschein said that the only way to
do that is to find a cost of service nexus with streetlights and noted that we are constrained by
the imperative to develop rates based on the cost of service. He said that when judgement was
used, staff used the judgement to align as close as possible to the policy guidelines established
by Council, but there are many constraints now that there weren’t in the past. Abendschein
said that the need to have cost of service based rates requires that many of the policy decisions
that were made in the past need to be undone.
Commissioner Ballantine asked if residential rates could be seasonal like the non-residential
rates. Abendschein said that the rates effectively do that since the residential class is a winter-
peaking group and the tier one cutoff reflects the summer usage so that the tier two usage is
for winter usage. Commissioner Ballantine said that EV use is not seasonal. Abendschein said
that if seasonal rates were developed for residents, the rates would be higher in the winter
than in the summer.
Chair Foster asked if there were any recommendations before a motion is made. Commissioner
Ballantine said that perhaps a work group could examine the consultant’s work to see if there is
any strategy to use to change the proposal. Chair Foster said that there is a certain frustration
when presented with rates and COSAs since there seems to be very little that can be done.
Chair Foster said that the dropping of the three tiers could be justified. Abendschein said that
the COSA does not justify three tiers.
Chair Foster said that there seems to be little room to not increase the streetlight costs to the
General Fund. Interim Director Ed Shikada mentioned that the General Fund has anticipated
that it needed to fund streetlights and stated that the transition is recommended by the City
Manager. Chair Foster responded that the hit to the General Fund includes not just for
streetlights, but also for the change to Municipal Rates, and asked if there was any source of
funds that the General Fund can use to pay these increased costs. Shikada said that one source
of funds could be the gasoline tax, which could potentially be used for streetlights, but
revenues from that source are diminishing. He also mentioned that a new transportation tax is
being discussed that could be used for keeping streets in good repair. Shikada concluded that
Utilities Advisory Commission Minutes Approved on: May 4, 2016 Page 9 of 15
the General Fund is aware of these changes and supports the recommendation that the Electric
Fund no longer funds these services.
ACTION:
Vice Chair Cook moved to recommend that the UAC recommend Council approve staff’s
proposal and Commissioner Schwartz seconded the motion. The motion carried unanimously
(5-0) with Chair Foster, Vice Chair Cook, Commissioners Ballantine, Danaher, and Schwartz
voting yes and Commissioners Eglash and Hall absent.
ITEM 2. ACTION: Staff Request that the Utilities Advisory Commission Recommend that City
Council approve the Proposed Net Energy Metering Successor Rate E-EEC-1 and Net Energy
Metering Grandfathering Policy
Resource Planner Aimee Bailey summarized the written report. Bailey stated that a State
requirement requires net energy metering (NEM) until a cap is reached. She explained that
NEM is like “rolling the meter backward” by providing full retail rate compensation for
distributed generation, which in Palo Alto are rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Palo
Alto’s NEM cap is 9.5 MW and when it is reached, a successor program is needed.
Bailey discussed the 8 NEM Successor Program design guidelines that were reviewed by the
UAC in November 2015 and approved by Council in January 2016. She noted that the NEM
successor rate must be consistent with the cost of service and must be compliant with
Proposition 26. Bailey mentioned that the City’s installed NEM capacity was 7.5 MW as of mid-
February and that the City may reach its NEM cap by the end of 2016. However, if a few large
systems were installed by commercial customers, the cap could be reached quickly and,
therefore, a successor program needs to be in place to provide certainty for customers
contemplating installing solar PV.
Bailey noted that there is a proposed bill in the State legislature (Assembly Bill 2339) that may
require the NEM cap to be calculated differently—and could double the City’s NEM cap, but it is
still in the legislative review process and may be amended. If and when the bill is signed into
law, Palo Alto would comply.
Bailey presented the proposed rate: a two-part rate that charged the retail rate for any energy
delivered to the customer and a credit applied for any energy delivered to the grid. The credit
rate is based on the short-term value of solar and would change every year as that value
changes. For FY 2017, the proposed credit rate is 7.485 cents per kilowatt-hour (₵/kWh). Bailey
showed an illustration of a customer with a solar PV system to show when energy usage is
greater than PV generation and when PV generation is greater than usage. She showed an
illustration of a PV customer’s bill with the current NEM program compared to the proposed
NEM successor program.
Bailey described the components of the proposed credit rate for FY 2017 of 7.485 ₵/kWh: 3.02
₵/kWh for avoided energy cost + 1.45 ₵/kWh for the environmental attribute + 0.58 ₵/kWh for
capacity + 2.00 ₵/kWh for avoided transmission costs and ancillary service value + 0.44 ₵/kWh
for avoided transmission and distribution system losses.
Utilities Advisory Commission Minutes Approved on: May 4, 2016 Page 10 of 15
Commissioner Ballantine said that smart inverters, if installed or required in the future, could
increase the value of the ancillary services used in the credit rate calculation. He remarked that
he hoped that an expanded discussion on this topic may be better suited for the upcoming UAC
meeting in June when the rolling calendar shows the subject of storage and microgrids on the
agenda. He asked how the City will encourage people to stabilize the grid using advanced
inverters. Bailey confirmed that the proposed credit rate did not include any additional value
stream that advanced inverters could provide. She said that the City is very interested in this
subject and released a request for proposal for encouraging distributing energy resources.
Commissioner Schwartz noted that Arizona Public Service has a good program for managing
inverters that the City could potentially learn from.
Commissioner Danaher asked why the energy value is only 3.02 ₵/kWh since solar generation is
in the middle of the day. He asked what the City’s energy costs are and how the value was
developed. Bailey explained that the energy value is based on the shape of solar energy
production so that it is higher than energy generation that occurs on a “flat” 24/7 basis. She
said it was a short-term value based on the forward prices for mid-day energy for FY 2017 and
is consistent with all assumptions used to manage the City’s electric portfolio. Commissioner
Danaher asked if the value included the Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). Bailey explained
that the RECs are included and are currently valued at 1.45 ₵/kWh. Bailey said that the energy
value was for the solar generation profile and, therefore, takes into account the timing of the
energy generated at peak demand.
Vice Chair Cook asked how this value compared to the avoided cost of local solar used in the
Palo Alto CLEAN (feed-in tariff) program. Assistant Director Jane Ratchye explained that one of
the fundamental differences between the proposed credit value for the NEM successor
program compared to the avoided cost of solar for the CLEAN program is that the NEM
successor value is based on a short-term avoided cost (for FY 2017) while the CLEAN program is
based on a long-term levelized cost over a 20- or 25-year period.
Commissioner Schwartz asked if the City can use the excess capacity generated by PV systems
in excess of the customer’s usage. Bailey noted that many customers do not export any energy,
but use most or all energy generated on site. She added that solar generation does assist the
City in lowering its peak demand, which reduces its costs for capacity needs and that the
proposed credit rate includes that value of local solar. She said that this value will be re-
evaluated every year, which is part of the reason that the credit rate will be adjusted annually
to ensure that local solar generation is fairly compensated at full value.
Bailey noted that NEM will require a bidirectional meter that would be required to measure
separately the energy delivered to the customer as well as the energy received from the
customer. She said that the meter would be paid for by the utility (all ratepayers) as meter
replacement is part of the long-term plan. However, the customer would pay an
interconnection fee under the Electric Service Connection Fee schedule (Rate Schedule E-15)
that is currently being revisited (estimated to be a one-time fee of $100-$200). She added that
the City would likely be required to issue 1099s for exported energy if its value exceeded $600
annually.
Utilities Advisory Commission Minutes Approved on: May 4, 2016 Page 11 of 15
Bailey noted that customer economics for solar PV depend on many factors including the
fraction of energy used on site versus the amount exported, solar PV costs, federal incentives,
and other tax implications. She said that if all solar energy is used no-site and none is exported
to the grid, the proposed NEM successor program is effectively identical to the current NEM
program and customer economics do not change. Bailey said that this is the case for most
commercial customers who use all the energy they generate on site. Customers who shift
energy usage to times when their PV system is generating would improve the economics of
their system.
Commissioner Schwartz asked about the impact of storage on customer load and whether
there is some optimization that could occur. Bailey said that staff is evaluating that impact in its
evaluation of storage and other distributed energy resources (DERs). She pointed out that this
was discussed in Attachment B of the report, which addresses each of the Council-approved
NEM successor program design guidelines. Bailey mentioned that the proposed rate
encourages storage and other DERs, especially in light of the impact of renewables on the grid
and the “duck curve” issues.
Commissioner Ballantine said that if the maximum amount of roof space in the City was used
for solar PV generation to effectively power Palo Alto, but the one “bad day” occurred with a
power outage, the lack of smart inverters would result in a drop of all the load in Palo Alto. He
encouraged the City to find ways to encourage smart inverters and the local use of storage to
avoid that potential problem.
Bailey described the proposed grandfathering program that would enable NEM customers to
remain on NEM for 20 years from the time of interconnection and to expand their systems by
up to 10% of the original system capacity after the NEM cap is reached.
Public Comment
Tom Kabat said that NEM rules were very valuable to get PV off the ground and the industry did
respond to these incentives resulting in a dramatic lowering of costs. Now the industry has
expanded and costs have come down to between 6 and 9 cents per kWh over the life of the
system. He said that the City’s “game changing” carbon neutral policy makes the investment in
local solar less valuable since the new resources added to the electric portfolio are low-priced
solar located outside the City. He said that the staff estimate of the value of local solar is fair
and is not overpaying as in the Palo Alto CLEAN program. The staff proposal is fair to current PV
customers (by grandfathering them in for the life of their investments), to future PV customer
(by fairly valuing their generation and requiring them to pay the normal cost for energy
delivered to them), and to their shaded neighbors and other non-PV customers (since they
don’t have to pay higher rates to support PV customers). The program also encourages energy
storage (to take on the duck curve problem), and is a policy to encourage electrification, which
is the way to reduce carbon emissions since the City’s electric portfolio is already carbon
neutral.
Gina Goodhill Rosen, a representative of Solar City, supports the NEM grandfathering proposal,
but strongly opposes the successor program as she says it undervalues the solar generation
produced. Without a comprehensive, rigorous analysis of both the costs and benefits of NEM,
Utilities Advisory Commission Minutes Approved on: May 4, 2016 Page 12 of 15
the consideration of the proposal should be delayed. NEM fairly compensates solar customers,
has been working well and is part of the reason the solar industry has been so successful. Solar
has brought many jobs and millions of dollars of investment to the state and city. The proposal
does not fairly compensate PV customers for the benefits they provide to the grid and
compensates them at a significantly lower rate than the Palo Alto CLEAN program does. This
mixed message is confusing to customers and implicitly recognizes that there are benefits of
local solar that are not being recognized in this proposed NEM successor program. This
proposal does not support the City’s and state’s climate goals and is in stark contrast to the
California Public Utilities Commission’s (CPUC’s) decision to continue NEM for the investor-
owned utilities (IOUs) who serve the large majority of the state’s residents and businesses.
Legislation (AB 2339) may expand the NEM cap for municipal utilities or the City could
independently choose to expand its own cap. She said that the City should delay action on the
NEM successor program until the legislation has been enacted.
Chair Foster asked Ms. Rosen to expand upon the CPUC decision with respect to the IOUs. MS
Rosen said that the CPUC adopted basically a continuance of NEM for the IOUs after a year-long
stakeholder review process.
Chair Foster for staff’s comment about the CPUC decision to continue NEM. Bailey said that the
City is not subject to CPUC regulations and the IOUs are not subject to Proposition 26. Bailey
reiterated that the credit rate proposed is a cost-justified rate that was developed in concert
with the Electric Cost of Service Analysis (COSA) and that it is compliant with Proposition 26,
which is the overriding consideration for the development of this rate. Chair Foster asked for
staff’s comments on the disparity between the proposed credit rate of 7.485 ₵/kWh and the
Palo Alto CLEAN price of 16.5 ₵/kWh. Ratchye mentioned that the Palo Alto CLEAN rate is
available to all customers, including residential customers, so customers are free to participate
in the Palo Alto CLEAN program and get the16.5 ₵/kWh rate for all the energy generated by
their PV system. Bailey explained the differences between the CLEAN program price and the
NEM successor credit rate. For one, the CLEAN price is fixed for a 20- or 25-year period, but the
NEM successor rate would change every year as the avoided cost changes (up or down) over
time. Also, the energy component of the rate is calculated using market rate forecasts for what
the City would buy energy from the market for the next year for an energy production profile of
solar energy generation. The energy avoided cost for the CLEAN price was calculated by taking
the average of the best ten proposed prices received in the most recent Request for Proposals
(RFP) for long-term renewable Power Purchase Agreements.
Chair Foster asked if there is any choice on this, or is the City stuck by the Proposition 26
requirement. Deputy Senior Assistant City Attorney Jessica Mullan said that there are always
choices, but the legal requirement is to have rates that are cost justified such as the proposed
rate. Any other proposal would require the consultant to determine that it was cost justified.
Commissioner Ballantine asked whether the Palo Alto CLEAN price is compliant with
Proposition 26. Ratchye explained that the CLEAN price is for resources procured for the whole
portfolio so that the cost is shared by all customers, but that customer rates need to comply
with the cost-based requirement of Proposition 26.
Utilities Advisory Commission Minutes Approved on: May 4, 2016 Page 13 of 15
Commissioner Schwartz noted that Solar City has a different business model than the City. She
said that the City is also tasked with keeping rates and costs low for the ratepayers. She said
that as you look at the evolving industry and that the City has done much to encourage solar,
but this is a place where the City can control costs to residents and not unduly burden those
with lower energy usage or those who cannot install solar on their homes. She said that his is
one place where we can minimize costs to residents and not unduly burden the people who
have shade trees and won’t put solar on their house or if their usage and bills are too low and
the staff recommendation does that and she supports it. Commissioner Schwartz said she was
called by someone selling solar installer today who asked if her bill was under $75 and she said
yes, then they hung up on her.
Commissioner Danaher said he supports continuing NEM as suggested by Ms. Rosen in
Mountain View or other places, but in Palo Alto, we have large contracts for solar energy that
are a less expensive way to provide solar to the City. He only reluctantly supports the CLEAN
program price since he wants to get renewable energy at the lowest possible cost. He supports
the staff proposal, especially until there are smart inverters that could provide an actual extra
local benefit for local solar.
Vice Chair Cook supports continuing NEM, which he said is what this proposal does. He said
that as the technology gets less expensive over time, the same incentive is not required. He said
that continuing the program at a lower cost makes sense.
ACTION:
Commissioner Schwartz moved to recommend that the UAC recommend Council approve
staff’s proposal and Vice Chair Cook seconded the motion. The motion carried unanimously (5-
0) with Chair Foster, Vice Chair Cook, Commissioners Ballantine, Danaher, and Schwartz voting
yes and Commissioners Eglash and Hall absent.
ITEM 3. ACTION: Staff Recommendation that the Utilities Advisory Commission Recommend
that the City Council Adopt: (1) a Resolution Approving the Fiscal Year 2017 Gas Utility
Financial Plan; and (2) a Resolution Increasing Gas Rates by Amending Rate Schedules G-1
(Residential Gas Service), G-1-G (Residential Green Gas Service), G-2 (Residential Master-
Metered and Commercial Gas Service), G-2-G (Residential Master-Metered and Commercial
Green Gas Service), G-3 (Large Commercial Gas Service), G-3-G (Large Commercial Green Gas
Service, G-10 (Compressed Natural Gas Service) and G-10-G (Compressed Natural Green Gas
Service)
Acting Rates Manager Eric Keniston summarized the written report. He explained that gas rates
were proposed to increase by 8%, slightly higher than the 7% shown in the preliminary forecast
in February. Overall rates for a median customer bill would be around 9%.
Keniston explained that gas revenues have been below expenses for several years, and reserves
had been used to make up the shortfall. A series of rate increases would be needed to bring
revenues back in line with cost. Keniston also explained that gas sales had been decreasing over
several years. While commodity rates changed monthly based on market prices, distribution
costs were not, and if consumption continued to decrease, rate increases would need to be
higher to recover shortfalls.
Utilities Advisory Commission Minutes Approved on: May 4, 2016 Page 14 of 15
Keniston showed that, with current sales projections and the proposed rate trajectory,
Operations reserves would fall to near the minimum guideline levels for a few years before
recovering back to target. The proposed rate changes themselves were shown, and Keniston
noted that they resulted in an average 8% increase for most customers.
As was requested by the UAC in February, two additional scenarios were provided, the first
where Operations reserves were allowed to stay at or near the minimum guideline level, the
second where reserves were kept at or near target levels. The first scenario indicated a 24%
rate increase would be needed in FY 2018, the second a 16%, and staff recommended neither
approach.
The Commission had no questions on the proposed rates or FY 2017 Gas Financial Plan
following Keniston’s presentation.
ACTION:
Vice Chair Cook moved to recommend that the UAC recommend Council approve staff’s
proposal and Commissioner Schwartz seconded the motion. The motion carried unanimously
(5-0) with Chair Foster, Vice Chair Cook, Commissioners Ballantine, Danaher, and Schwartz
voting yes and Commissioners Eglash and Hall absent.
ITEM 4. ACTION: Staff Recommendation that the Utilities Advisory Commission Recommend
that the City Council Adopt a Resolution Approving the 2015 Urban Water Management Plan
and Adopt an Ordinance Amending Municipal Code Sections 12.32.010 (Water Use
Restrictions), and 12.32.020 (Enforcement)
Senior Resource Planner Karla Dailey explained that the 2015 UWMP is a regulatory
requirement and has many prescribed elements and data. It is not an internal planning
document that will determine what the City’s plan is with respect to options such as recycled
water and groundwater. She noted that things have changed since the 2010 plan including the
completion of the Emergency Water Supply and Storage Project to refurbish 5 wells, drill 3 new
wells, and install a large new storage reservoir. She said that water demand has fallen due to
the current drought as well. In addition, the Hetch Hetchy system has nearly completed its long-
term capital program, the Water System Improvement Program.
The City is embarking on a holistic plan to evaluate recycled water and groundwater, including
the potential to recharge groundwater with purified recycled water. The 2015 UWMP includes
an evaluation of a group of conservation programs, or “Demand Management Measures”. The
Water Shortage Contingency Plan is a significant part of the 2015 UWMP and new permanent
restrictions are proposed to be added.
The Commission had no questions on the 2015 UWMP following Dailey’s presentation.
ACTION:
Vice Chair Cook made a motion to recommend that the UAC recommend Council approve
staff’s proposal and Commissioner Schwartz seconded the motion. The motion carried
Utilities Advisory Commission Minutes Approved on: May 4, 2016 Page 15 of 15
unanimously (5-0) with Chair Foster, Vice Chair Cook, Commissioners Ballantine, Danaher, and
Schwartz voting yes and Commissioners Eglash and Hall absent.
ITEM 5. ACTION: Selection of Potential Topic(s) for Discussion at Future UAC Meeting
Commissioner Ballantine noted that the forward looking “rolling calendar” shows a schedule for
the UAC to discuss microgrids and storage in June. He asked that staff include a discussion, or at
least an opportunity for the UAC to discuss, the City’s interconnection rules and the benefits of
advanced inverters. Ratchye indicated that the item will be a discussion item and that this
discussion would be appropriate with that item.
ACTION:
None.
ITEM 6. DISCUSSION: Update and Discussion on Impacts of Statewide Drought on Water and
Hydroelectric Supplies
Senior Resource Planner Karla Dailey said that the precipitation and snow pack is above average
and that San Francisco is not planning to ask for water use reductions from its customers. The
state, however, may continue to require reductions in potable water use. A decision will be
made on May 3, 2016. Dailey provided precipitation data at Hetch Hetchy through April 3, 2016
showing above average numbers. Dailey also showed updated graphics of the Regional Water
System storage level and water savings to date in Palo Alto. Dailey said San Francisco Public
Utilities Commission anticipates a lot of water going into storage as the snowmelt occurs. Dailey
concluded with an update of drought impact on Palo Alto’s electric costs. Ratchye explained
that even though water year 2016 is an above average year for precipitation at Hetch Hetchy,
projected hydro generation for fiscal year 2016 will be reflective of a dry year scenario.
Meeting adjourned at 10:10 p.m.
Respectfully submitted,
Marites Ward
City of Palo Alto Utilities