HomeMy WebLinkAbout2025-09-02 Finance Committee Summary MinutesFINANCE COMMITTEE
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Regular Meeting
September 2, 2025
The Finance Committee of the City of Palo Alto met on this date in the Community Meeting
Room and by virtual teleconference at 5:30 PM.
Present In-Person: Reckdahl, Lythcott-Haims, Burt (Chair)
Absent: None
Call to Order
Chair Burt called the meeting to order. The clerk called the roll.
Public Comment
None
Agenda Items
1. Recommend the City Council Adopt Voluntary Residential Electric Service Time-of-Use
Rates (E-1 TOU); CEQA Status: Not a Project
Alan Kurotori, Director of Utilities, reiterated that the program in this item was voluntary.
Lisa Bilir, Senior Resource Planner, stated this item had unanimous support of the Utilities
Advisory Commission (UAC). Time of Use (TOU) rates were a way of pricing electricity that
varied depending upon the time of day. A slide was presented showing Peak (4 p.m. to 9 p.m.),
Off-Peak (3 p.m. to 4 p.m. and 9 p.m. to 9 a.m.), and Super Off-Peak (9 a.m. to 3 p.m.) times of
day. It was explained this was a voluntary opt-in rate for residential customers who were
currently on the E-1 rate with an AMI (Advancing Metering Infrastructure) meter and would be
available as of January 1. This program would provide helpful data about demand and cost. It
would be offered to NEM-2 customers in the future. The TOU rates were aligned with the
requirements of Proposition 26 and also marginal cost of electricity at the time of use. It was
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designed to produce the same amount of revenue as E-1 assuming customers did not change
their behavior. Slides were shown which listed proposed TOU rates for winter months (October
through May) and summer months (June through September) including the Peak, Off-Peak, and
Super Off-Peak hours for each. Four factors were considered when determining the TOU time
periods: 1) Marginal Cost of Energy, 2) Distribution System Capacity and Peak Demand, 3)
Greenhouse Gas Intensity of Market Energy, and 4) Best Practices in Ratemaking. These
voluntary TOU rates would be brought to Council in September, and a detailed report on
implementation and communication plans would go to the UAC at the October meeting. Staff
was preparing for the TOU launch by modifying the billing system, developing logistics related
to customer enrollment and information tools, developing measures of program success, and
preparing to analyze changes in customer usage patterns. A smooth roll-out was planned with a
small group of approximately 10 customers in January 2026, with full roll-out being in July. It
was desired that the Finance Committee recommend that the City Council adopt a resolution
adding this voluntary rate schedule for E-1 Time of Use rates for residential customers
beginning in January 2026.
There were no requests to speak for public comment.
Councilmember Reckdahl thought the TOU program matched the City's cost of electricity with
the cost being charged and gave incentive to be environmentally responsible. Councilmember
Reckdahl was concerned about adverse selection by customers of the program causing revenue
to be reduced. Planner Bilir responded that regular updates to the rates and data would be
done. Councilmember Reckdahl asked how E-1 rates were currently set. Director Kurotori
added that if customers used power at a lesser cost, it would reflect on the City's cost of
purchasing power, which was a benefit. Councilmember Reckdahl expressed concern about
customers who did not move to the TOU program and used electricity at a flat fee, causing loss
of revenue.
Chair Burt suspected that the early adopters of the TOU rate program would be people who
were more environmentally conscientious than economically conscientious. Planner Bilir stated
that it was expected to enroll approximately 10 customers per month for January, February and
March, and then possibly a larger number such as 50 customers per month after that. Chair
Burt asked if monitoring would be done on these early customers change-in-use patterns, and
Karla Dailey, Assistant Director of Resources for Utilities, replied yes. Chair Burt felt that
analyzing this small group of early TOU customers would help to expose if there would be loss
of revenue. Assistant Director Dailey reiterated that rates were updated annually and would
adjust over time to account for changes in usage patterns.
Councilmember Reckdahl inquired about how quickly rates could be changed. Assistant
Director Dailey stated that it was not expected that a huge number of customers would shift to
the TOU program right away but that rates could be adjusted more than once a year.
Councilmember Reckdahl hoped that the roll-out could be sped up if things go well. Assistant
Director Dailey noted that it would be explained to all customers that there was a climate
benefit to shifting electricity usage to off-peak hours. Councilmember Reckdahl asked if data
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was being collected from AMI meters. Planner Bilir said that some information had been
gathered and that some preliminary analysis was being done on AMI data.
Councilmember Reckdahl was curious to see if customers' usage patterns would determine if
they would switch to the TOU rate. Planner Bilir confirmed that data would be looked at once it
was collected but admitted that more analytical processes needed to be put in place.
Councilmember Reckdahl wanted to know if the current E-1 rates would be changed at all, and
Planner Bilir confirmed that those rates would not be changed. Councilmember Reckdahl
queried if the end goal was that everyone be on Time of Use rates, and Planner Bilir reiterated
that currently it was only a voluntary rate for interested customers. Director Kurotori added
that it was desired to provide options to customers and programs should be revenue neutral.
Councilmember Reckdahl asked if TOU billing made utility-level batteries more attractive.
Director Kurotori responded that a utility-scale battery project would be in front of the City
Council soon. Director Kurotori indicated that the City as a whole does not over-generate solar
power. Chair Burt stated that the wholesale price of solar power can greatly reduce because of
utility-scale solar, not residential solar.
Councilmember Reckdahl was concerned if the TOU rates would save money for low-income
individuals due of the unavailability of technology. Director Kurotori felt that this program could
help all customers as a whole if there was a shift in reduction of peak hours. It was reminded
that Palo Alto has many utility programs for low-income customers and that income-qualified
customers were offered rates that were approximately 25 percent less.
Councilmember Lythcott-Haims wanted to understand why the TOU pilot group was so small at
10 customers. Assistant Director Dailey indicated that this group would be somewhat hand
selected, i.e., staff who lived in Palo Alto or interested councilmembers, to ensure that all the
systems were working correctly. Councilmember Lythcott-Haims asked what a positive
customer experience would look like when dealing with the complexities of this TOU program.
Assistant Director Dailey replied that correct billing and data would be beneficial and that this
initial small roll-out would allow them to make sure that the billing system was working
properly. Director Kurotori added that the idea was to provide a 12-month look-back to
customers to be able to compare the different rates. Councilmember Lythcott-Haims wondered
how long it would take for NEM customers to be included in TOU rates if they chose. Assistant
Director Dailey acknowledged that it was frustrating that all customers could not immediately
enroll in this rate. It was hoped that a plan would be in place by July 2026 for NEM-2 customers
to be eligible for the program. Because of the billing system, it was not anticipated that NEM-1
customers would ever be eligible for TOU rates.
Councilmember Lythcott-Haims wanted to know some suggestions that would be given to
ratepayers in terms of shifting their usage patterns. Assistant Director Dailey responded that
activities such as charging EVs during the day and running dishwashers and washing machines
after the peak period were examples. It was recognized that activities such as taking a shower
and cooking dinner would be harder to change. Councilmember Lythcott-Haims commented
that it seemed like not much behavior shifting was expected in the beginning of the program.
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Planner Bilir answered that at this point they could only analyze what customers were currently
using. It was expected that after collecting data, a better projection on impact of revenue could
be made annually.
Councilmember Lythcott-Haims queried if there were any predictions about how fast customers
would adopt the TOU rates. Planner Bilir stated that there were no predictions for rate of
adoption, although they would be capping rate of adoption at the beginning. The Cost of
Service study cited an example of another utility where peak demand was reduced by 3 to 6
percent by residential customers utilizing TOU rates.
Councilmember Lythcott-Haims inquired about a question by the UAC concerning maximizing
price differential between super off-peak and peak hours in order to incentivize customers.
Planner Bilir said that they did not set out to maximize those price differentials but instead
reflected marginal costs in those time periods.
Chair Burt opined that because the pilot group would be small, the impacts would be minimal
and revenue changes would be inconsequential. Chair Burt asked when the AMI roll-out would
be complete. Dave Yuan, Utilities Strategic Business Manager, stated that a new bay station was
recently installed at City Hall which allowed for an additional approximately 3000 meters in the
next few months. There were currently approximately 9000 meters for electric, gas, and water.
It was expected that electric would be done at the end of 2025. Chair Burt pointed out that
timeline would precede the TOU program roll-out.
Chair Burt wanted to know about the marketing plan for the TOU rate program and if there was
an intention to promote smart appliances and smart panels. Assistant Director Dailey explained
that implementation and communication was being developed and encouraged the Finance
Committee to share suggestions.
Chair Burt was surprised by the Mayor's recent statement that doubling of electricity demand
was anticipated over the next decade and wondered if that was accurate. Director Kurotori
stated that their projections varied depending on the uptake of electrification and changes in
the customer base. The Utilities Department would not anticipate doubling of demand. Chair
Burt opined that if there was a fairly significant change in time of use of electricity, it levels the
demand. Assistant Director Dailey said they would be coming back to the Finance Committee
with preliminary rates and projections of the future portfolio. Chair Burt assumed that because
the infrastructure within the City was sized for peak use, reducing peak uses would have a
favorable impact on capital investment to expand capacity. Director Kurotori stated that
doubling of the load would be seen more on the residential side, but it would not be pure
doubling because most of the load was commercial. Chair Burt was interested in the band
range of the commercial and industrial side. Director Kurotori explained that load growth was
actively being looked at.
Councilmember Reckdahl asked if the distribution cost could be transformed to higher rates at
peak for TOU customers. Director Kurotori said there needed to be some inherent flexibility in
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transformer distribution costs. TOU rates would not drive reduction of the system but would
hopefully inform customers about the actual price of the costs for energy and allow them to see
the benefits of using power at a different time.
MOTION: Councilmember Reckdahl moved, seconded by Councilmember Lythcott-Haims, that
the Finance Committee recommend the City Council adopt a resolution (Attachment A:
Resolution) adding voluntary Rate Schedule E-1 Time of Use (TOU) applicable to separately
metered single-family residential dwellings receiving electric service effective January 1, 2026
(Attachment B: Rate Schedule E-1TOU).
MOTION PASSED: 3-0
2. Recommend City Council Direct Staff to use Proposition 26 as the Design Principle for
the Gas Cost of Service Analysis and Work with the Utilities Advisory Commission on
Review of a Recommended Gas Rate Schedule Effective by January 2026
Lisa Bilir, Senior Resource Planner, stated the primary guiding principle for the Gas Cost of
Service Analysis (COSA) would be Proposition 26, which required that rates be based on cost
and did not address other policy considerations. The UAC had suggested forming a
subcommittee of UAC members to work with Staff and the ratemaking consultant to develop
the 2026 Gas COSA. A timeline was provided in order to have gas rates effective by January 1,
2026. It was desired that the Finance Committee recommend that City Council direct Staff to
follow the reasonable cost analysis required by Proposition 26 and to accept the tentative gas
rate design schedule. Alternatives were explained which the Finance Committee could consider
including several design principles and an alternative timeline. It was reiterated that if
substantial changes to the timeline were made, there would be impacts to the costs and
schedule.
Kiely Nosé, Assistant City Manager, said that the UAC had a long discussion about this subject
and struggled with identifying specific principles, which was why they came to the conclusion of
using Proposition 26 as the guiding principle.
Public Comment:
1. Hamilton H. stated the staff report did not include the 2016 gas rate design guidelines,
which addressed climate change, needs of low-income residents, and fairness. The
commenter and his colleague, Jeff Levinsky, recommended the Committee adopt the
2016 gas rate design guidelines along with minor changes (previously emailed to the
Committee) for the 2026 Gas COSA.
2. Peter T. (Zoom) proposed to use the 2016 design guidelines with minor modifications: 1)
Adding the word "reasonable" to the 1st guideline to align it better with the
requirements of Proposition 26. 2) Adding "and support" to the 4th guideline to help the
City meet the climate goals. 3) Adding a 6th guideline to help the upcoming and
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subsequent COSAs reflect the Council's recent intent to avoid large discretionary shifts
in charges from one class of customer to another.
Councilmember Lythcott-Haims believed that the UAC subcommittee would parse the details
with Staff to bring a balanced recommendation by January. Councilmember Lythcott-Haims
asked what the legal risk was at this time. Amy Bartell, Assistant City Attorney, explained that
the legal landscape had changed since Prop 26 in 2010 and that Prop 26 does not say much.
Results of litigation had been determined on a case-by-case basis, making it difficult for public
agencies to set rates. Since about 2015 or so, Assistant City Attorney Bartell had seen a
dramatic tightening-up on how the courts were determining Prop 26, which says rates must
reflect the reasonable cost to provide service.
Councilmember Reckdahl was interested in Staff's opinion about the 2016 guidelines. Planner
Bilir stated that the Utilities Department would be happy to provide several items concerning
analysis, including impact to low-income customers. The Utilities Department would also be
happy to show their work and explain all the steps being taken with the UAC and City Council
members. Councilmember Reckdahl queried Assistant City Attorney Bartell if the 2016
guidelines had any flaws that had become apparent. Assistant City Attorney Bartell explained
that the problem was that the cases had evolved since 2016 and felt it should not be
overcomplicated when legally it made sense to work with what was in the Constitution to
ensure that the rates were cost based before any other considerations.
Councilmember Reckdahl pointed out that in Numbers 4 and 5 of the 2016 guidelines, the word
"evaluate" was used and did not see a downside to having those items in the current COSA.
Assistant City Attorney Bartell said those kinds of evaluations would be done as part of a cost
study anyway and that sometimes they could be used against public utilities legally. More
recent California Court of Appeals cases had come up where statements in the record
suggested additional goals and the courts then decided that the city favored those additional
goals over the cost causation. Councilmember Reckdahl opined that the 2016 guidelines were a
good starting point and supported a couple minor edits.
Chair Burt was interested to know where the 2016 guidelines and the proposed edits might be
problematic. Assistant City Attorney Bartell added that none of the rates that the City had
adopted had been arbitrary and were backed by analysis of the cost studies by Staff and
ratemaking consultants. Assistant City Manager Nosé opined that changes in case law had
changed how to determine the Cost of Service. It was confirmed the date of the previous COSA
was 2020. Chair Burt reflected that it was a question of how much they had been informed by
case law since 2020 versus up to 2020.
Chair Burt wished to discuss the proposed edits (sent in an email) to the 2016 guidelines in the
context of more recent case law. Assistant City Attorney Bartell felt the 1st proposed edit was
fine because it was what Prop 26 said anyway. Assistant City Attorney Bartell stated that the
ratemaking expert needed to take a look at the 2nd proposed edit. Assistant City Attorney
Bartell agreed with the 3rd proposed edit and that it goes without saying. Assistant City
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Attorney Bartell would not advise the 4th proposed edit. Chair Burt queried if there was
language that could be included in this proposed edit that would be more defensible, and
Assistant City Attorney Bartell felt that statements such as this were easily legally manipulated.
Concerning the 5th proposed edit, Assistant City Attorney Bartell stated that low-income
customers already had some considerations built into California statutes and felt that this
would be redundant. It was reminded that the Cost of Service study was just supposed to look
at the utility's cost to provide service, not the customer's cost. Chair Burt queried if using the 5th
edit would put the City in jeopardy legally. Assistant City Manager Nosé suggested adding
wording for the 5th edit that referenced alignment with the specific California law, and Assistant
City Attorney Bartell agreed this could be done. For the 6th proposed edit, "to minimize fixed
cost shifts between customer classes and explain any change," Assistant City Attorney Bartell
opined that the City should refrain from trying to direct how the rates were going to be
designed at the start and that it should not be included.
Chair Burt said there was an assertion in the email that the UAC did not receive the 2016
guidelines. Assistant City Manager Nosé confirmed that the 2016 guidelines were cited in the
staff report for the UAC members.
Chair Burt wanted to know what the procedural steps would be for merging what the UAC had
proposed with the 2016 guidelines. Assistant City Manager Nosé clarified that it would go from
the Committee to Council to the UAC, which would be a significant extension in time. To uphold
the January timeframe, it was recommended the Committee come up with the
recommendation to Council on what those principles were.
Planner Bilir clarified that the 4 Design Principles in the staff report were the principles that
Staff proposed to the UAC. Chair Burt suggested that the Finance Committee could propose
those 4 Design Principles in the staff report and proposed edits 1, 3, and 5 from Mr. Hitchings'
email, which were all consistent with Prop 26. Councilmember Reckdahl stated that the
previous analyst and the more recent analyst used different approaches for how fixed costs
were applied and felt that was arbitrary. Assistant City Attorney Bartell opined that this was
probably based on the consultant's and Staff's analysis of the facts at that time but that it was
acceptable as long as the utility could support this with sufficient data. Councilmember
Reckdahl wanted to find a way to include proposed edit #6.
Councilmember Lythcott-Haims was inclined to trust the UAC's guidance and, because of
Assistant City Attorney Bartell's feedback, was concerned with coming up with additional design
guidelines. Chair Burt reiterated that was why they should only consider the edits that the
attorney thought were not problematic. Chair Burt wished to know if the UAC had deliberately
looked at the footnote about the 2016 guidelines. Planner Bilir remembered that Chair Scharff
had the 2016 guidelines printed out and was asking questions about them during the UAC
meeting. Councilmember Lythcott-Haims trusted that Staff had made an informed decision that
the 2016 guidelines were out of date, even if the 2016 guidelines in the staff report were only a
footnote. Assistant City Manager Nosé stated that the UAC did not go point by point through
the 2016 guidelines but at least some of the Commissioners looked at them.
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Assistant City Manager Nosé stated that from what was heard in this meeting, the Finance
Committee's recommendation to Council should be that the UAC would be the body to work
out the details with the following guidelines: Prop 26 would be the overarching principle with
proposed edits 1, 3, and 5 as amended, Design Principles 3 and 4 from the current staff report
would be included, and implementation would be in January. It was repeated that anything
outside of Prop 26 posed a risk.
MOTION: Councilmember Reckdahl moved, seconded by Chair Burt, that the Finance
Committee recommend the City Council direct Staff to follow the reasonable-cost analysis
required by Proposition 26, and that Staff work with the Utilities Advisory Commission on a
recommendation to the Council on revised gas rates effective January 2026, including:
1. Rates must be based on the reasonable cost to serve customers. This is the overriding
principle for the cost-of-service analysis (COSA); all other rate design considerations are
subsidiary to this basic premise.
2. The COSA should involve a review of all existing rate schedules for applicability in the COSA.
3. The impact of any proposed changes on low-income customers should be evaluated in
alignment with California Law.
4. Design Principle 3: Determine the proper allocation of fixed and variable costs and how
those can be implemented in various rate designs.
5. Design Principle 4: Review non-rate revenue sources that may be available for rate discounts
or rebates.
MOTION PASSED: 3-0
Future Meetings and Agendas
Lauren Lai, Director of Administrative Services/CFO, stated the next Finance Committee
meeting would be held on September 16 and would include studying the CalPERS rates and the
actuary report that was recently released and also the connection fees for various utilities.
Adjournment: The meeting was adjourned at 7:21 PM.