HomeMy WebLinkAbout2020-10-05 City Council Agendas (11)
City of Palo Alto (ID # 11539)
City Council Staff Report
Report Type: Action Items Meeting Date: 10/5/2020
City of Palo Alto Page 1
Summary Title: Percent for Public Art Ordinances
Title: Review and Discuss the City of Palo Alto's Public Art Program and
Direct Staff to Either Amend the Municipal Code to Temporarily Suspend the
one Percent for Public art in Municipal Projects and/or Private Development
Projects for two Years, or Provide Other Direction to Staff
From: City Manager
Lead Department: Community Services
Recommendation
Staff recommends the City Council review and discuss the following report on the Public Art
Program and:
1. Direct staff to return to City Council with an ordinance to amend the municipal code to
temporarily suspend the one percent for public art in municipal projects and/or private
development projects for two years, or
2. Provide other direction to staff.
Executive Summary
Public art enhances the quality of life in a community, promotes cultural understanding,
contributes to public health, fosters economic development and creates vital public spaces.
Currently, cities such as West Hollywood, Berkeley and Santa Monica are looking to their public
art programs to help their communities heal from the devastating effects of COVID-19. The City
of Palo Alto’s (City) two public art ordinances allow for a very broad spectrum of temporary and
permanent artworks and provides opportunities for the City, developers, and artists to create
diverse and exciting art experiences for the community. The Public Art Program oversees
implementation of permanent and temporary art installations throughout the City, including
maintenance of the collection of more than 300 permanently sited and portable works of art
and the exhibition of approximately 200 works of art throughout City facilities. To read more
about the importance of public art in communities, see this 2018 report from Americans for the
Arts. The Public Art Program also manages the Cubberley Artist Studio Program, which
provides studio space for 23 artists and active programming directly to the community.
City of Palo Alto Page 2
There are two ordinances governing the Public Art Program: an ordinance for municipal
projects, (Visual Art in Public Places, Municipal Code Chapter 2.26) and an ordinance for private
development projects, (Public Art for Private Developments, Municipal Code Chapter 16.61).
Together, these ordinances offer parity between what we are doing as a City and what we
require of private developers, ensuring that artwork is integrated into development projects
throughout the City where appropriate.
At the City Council budget hearing on May 26th, City Council directed staff to return to City
Council this fall with a temporary suspension of the one percent for Public Art programs for two
years, and reevaluate at the mid-year budget check-in. This staff report describes the rich
history of the City’s Public Art Program and provides information on how the Program is
implemented today.
Background
Public art can be found throughout the City: inside and outside public buildings, City parks, and
even on private property. Art can take various forms, including sculptures, paintings and
murals, environmental projects, data visualization artworks, and sculptural functional seating
and historic frescoes.
While the City’s collection of artwork began in 1972 and 1973 with a volunteer art panel, the
City of Palo Alto officially began operating a Public Art Program in 1975 when it created the
Visual Arts Jury (later renamed the Public Art Commission) and established the Art in Public
Places Program. That same year, Greg Brown served as the City’s first Artist in Residence
beginning his murals throughout the downtown corridor with grant support. Nude in Steel by
Hans Wehrli was the first outdoor artwork acquired by the City in 1976, and it still stands
outside the Rinconada Library. In the early 1980’s the City acquired several outdoor sculptures,
including the Bruce Johnson’s wood sculpture in Mitchell Park that children love to explore and
the red kinetic Jerome Kirk sculpture that sits adjacent to the Palo Alto Art Center. Byxbee Park
opened in 1991 with major earthworks by Peter Richards and Michael Oppenheimer, and many
of those features are still visible today. In the late 1990’s, the City partnered with California
Avenue businesses to create the “Avenue of the Arts,” commissioning multiple murals and
artworks over a period of six years.
In 2005, the City passed a policy for the 1% for Art in Municipal projects, paving the way for
artworks at the San Francisquito Creek Pump Station, four artworks at Mitchell Park Library and
Community Center, the Palo Alto Art Center and Rinconada Library campus, and the California
Avenue fountain. The Public Art Program has partnered with the Palo Alto Art Center and the
Art Center Foundation to bring community favorites to life such as Patrick Dougherty’s willow
sculpture on Embarcadero Road. King Plaza has been the site of ongoing temporary public art
installations since 2015, drawing visitors to see artworks in a wide range of expressions and
styles, from Burning Man artwork, functional sculpture, to Blue Trees and the meditative
labyrinth there today. See Attachment A for images of some of the recognizable public art in
Palo Alto.
City of Palo Alto Page 3
In nearly 50 years, the public art collection has grown to more than 300 pieces of art valued at
over $2 million. The Public Art Program has received national recognition from the Americans
for the Arts for multiple projects in recent years, including Conversation by Susan Narduli at City
Hall, Tabula by Charles Gadeken and D.V.Rogers on the Visa building, and three temporary
installations.
Discussion
The Public Art Program includes oversight and management of the following major activities,
which are described in detail below:
1. Public art in municipal projects
2. Temporary public art projects; housed within the Municipal Program
3. Public art in private developments and the public art in-lieu fund
4. Cubberley Artist Studios
5. Staff support of the Public Art Commission
Public Art in Municipal Projects
The City of Palo Alto has had a Public Art Program since 1975. In 2006, City Council adopted a
Public Art Policy for art in municipal projects. In 2015, City Council further strengthened its
ongoing commitment and support for the program by amending the Municipal Code to
enhance funding for the Public Art Program. The 2015 ordinance increased funding
commitments by mandating that one percent of the City’s annual Capital Improvement
Program (CIP) budget be set aside for public art and allowed the funding to be pooled. There
are many types of municipal CIP projects that are excluded from the one percent funding
mandate, including:
1. ADA Compliance Projects (not including projects where ADA compliance is a portion of a
larger project);
2. Road, path and sidewalk repairs, including: traffic signals and upgrades, curb and gutter
repairs, sign reflectivity, road and parking sign age, resurfacing of roads or other existing
hardscape areas;
3. Emergency repair projects;
4. Cyclical replacement and repair of trails, outdoor furnishings, or fencing;
5. Studies;
6. Roof replacement;
7. Mechanical, security, A/V equipment, HVAC, and IT installations, upgrades and repairs;
8. Art in Public Places CIP;
9. Utilities projects, except where the project includes construction or reconstruction of a
building;
10. Vehicle repair and replacement;
11. Seismic upgrades and waterproofing;
12. Projects where the majority of the cost is allocated to elements located underground; or
13. Projects where prohibited by federal or state law, including projects or portions of
projects funded by grants from non-City sources that prohibit expenditure of funds for
City of Palo Alto Page 4
art.
Municipal Public Art funds may be used at any appropriate site within Palo Alto for permanent
or temporary public art projects. Additionally, funds from two or more CIP projects may be
pooled to fund a single work of art.
Public Art in Municipal Projects Budget Process and Project Timeline
The one percent for art in municipal projects funding is allocated and tracked in the Art in
Public Spaces capital project (AC-86017). Funds in this project are updated annually as part of
the development and review of the five-year capital improvement plan to ensure the CIPs
required to contribute one percent to the Art in Public Spaces project have been identified. The
Art in Public Places project in the City’s Capital Improvement Fund includes both the new funds
allocated as part of that budget cycle and the funds already encumbered and under contract for
other projects in process as one lump sum. Due to the multi-year nature of public art, many
projects are in process over several budget cycles, making the Art in Public Spaces budget
appear to be much larger in recent years. The one percent allocation has been larger in recent
years due to the Infrastructure Plan projects currently underway and planned for the next few
years. The annual one percent allocation is projected to decrease once the Infrastructure Plan
projects are complete.
The Public Art Commission holds an annual retreat with staff in September to discuss which CIP
projects are on the horizon that will have artwork integrated and what the two-year forecast is
for new projects. This ensures that the art selection and development processes take place at
the same time as the design for the building or facility is taking place. If the building is already
designed and the art is added later that frequently results in costly redesign and complications
to integrate any artwork into the project. As a result, the stakeholder engagement, artist
selection, and design process take place prior to the fiscal year in which the construction is
budgeted and the actual funds for that project are allocated to the Art in Public Spaces CIP.
While the overall construction budget may increase for a project during this time, the artist is
held to the budget amount in their contract. The artist fabrication and installation contract
amount is based on estimates the artist secures that are typically only valid for a certain
amount of time. For that reason, artists occasionally move forward with fabrication in advance
of completion of the construction project to avoid any cost increases on their end. The Public
Art Commission and staff use the 2016 adopted Public Art Master Plan priorities as a guide to
set forth the priorities for the coming year. This Process Chart outlines the general art selection
and approval process for municipal public art projects.
Projects installed and commissioned with municipal CIP funds include the Go With the Flow
crosswalks on Louis Road, Welcome Wagon at Fire Station 3, Birdie at the Palo Alto Municipal
Golf Course, Brilliance sculptures at the Palo Alto Art Center and Rinconada Library campus,
Code:ART, the temporary murals at the California Avenue Garage construction site, Confluence
fountain on California Avenue, Mitchell Park Library and Community Center artworks, and the
Patrick Dougherty willow sculpture commissioned in partnership with the Palo Alto Art Center
City of Palo Alto Page 5
and the Art Center Foundation.
Current artworks commissioned with CIP funds but not yet installed include artworks for the
following Infrastructure Plan projects Charleston/Arastradero corridor, the Highway 101 bike
and pedestrian bridge, and three artworks at the Public Safety Building. In addition, eight
temporary murals in the commercial corridors of University Ave and California Avenue and
artwork commissioned in partnership with the Palo Alto Art Center creating an outdoor gallery
along Embarcadero Road.
Municipal Project Maintenance
Maintenance for the existing collection is allocated in the operating budget for the Community
Services Department in the amount of $30,000 annually. Recent projects maintained and
restored through these funds include the Greg Brown murals downtown, the California Avenue
fountain, and the Nathan Oliveira sculpture at the Art Center.
Temporary Public Art Projects
In addition to the funding provided through the municipal ordinance described above, the
Public Art Program receives baseline funding of $50,000, which is also allocated in the Art in
Public Spaces capital project. This funding is generally reserved for temporary public art, such
as exhibitions on King Plaza. This amount has served to help fund projects in years when the
one percent allocation was small.
Public art in private developments and the public art in-lieu fund
On December 2, 2013, the Palo Alto City Council adopted an Ordinance to add chapter 16.61 to
the Municipal Code establishing a requirement for public art in private development projects.
This requirement applies to projects that: require architectural review, will be over 10,000
square feet, and have an estimated construction value of more than $200,000. The Ordinance
provides the option of commissioning artwork on the development site equal to the cost of one
percent of the estimated construction valuation or paying the one percent to the Public Art
Fund in-lieu of commissioning art on site. Developers must complete in-lieu payments prior to
the issuance of any building permit for the development project. The Private Development
Public Art Ordinance is designed to be fully cost recovery.
The public art in private development ordinance does not apply to:
1. Buildings or structures primarily used for religious worship;
2. Historic renovations;
3. Affordable housing developments;
4. Municipal facilities;
5. Repair or reconstruction of structures damaged by flood, fire, wind, earthquake or other
disaster;
6. Seismic retrofit projects; or
7. Any project exempted by federal or state law.
City of Palo Alto Page 6
Developers that choose to meet the requirements of this ordinance by commissioning their
own public art on site must complete their artist selection, design development process and get
initial and final approvals from the Public Art Commission prior to the issuance of a building
permit. The final artwork must be installed and inspected by Public Art staff prior to the
issuance of a final Certificate of Occupancy. Public Art staff works closely with the Planning
Department, Development Services and the applicants throughout the process. Developers are
required to submit five percent of their overall art budget to the City to offset staff time
associated with oversight of this process. They may also choose to contract with staff to
manage the public art process on site for an additional 15% of their budget. To learn more
about the process, see the public art application packet that is provided to developers.
Artworks installed through the private percent for art include artwork at Avenidas Senior
Center at 450 Bryant Ave, the Stanford Mall at 180 El Camino Real, the Visa Building at 385
Sherman Ave., 430 Forest Ave., VMware at 3421 Hillview Ave., and the Bowman School at 639
Arastradero Rd. More than 60 projects have been subject to the private development
ordinance between 2014 and 2020. To date, a total of 16 projects have been completed
including 6 projects with installed artwork onsite and 12 projects paying the in-lieu contribution
to the Public Art Fund. Currently, there are 40 active projects, including 11 projects with
artwork to be installed onsite, 12 projects planning to pay the in-lieu contribution, and 17
undetermined.
There are projects in the process of fabrication and installation currently, including 1050 Page
Mill Road, 2600 El Camino Real, and 415 Page Mill Road.
The Cubberley Artist Studio Program
The Cubberley Artist Studio Program (CASP) supports the vitality of the arts in Palo Alto by
providing City-sponsored, affordable studio space for artists, building creative community, and
fostering public engagement with the arts and artists. The Cubberley Artist Studio Program
consists of 22 studios, currently housing 23 artists.
In exchange for subsidized studio space, the artists provide free public programming, such as
recent online exhibitions and artist talks, artist portfolio reviews for community artists, and
online workshops. In typical years, they host annual open studio days and community
exhibitions. Additionally, the artists gift a work of art to the City collection in the first term of
their residency. Artists are limited to two four-year residency terms once they are juried into
the program through an open call to artists and a competitive process. The program requires
some public art and CSD staff time but does not have a dedicated budget to run the program.
Staff Support of the Public Art Commission
The Public Art Commission consists of five members who meet monthly to advise City staff on
the placement, funding amounts, and design development of temporary and permanent
artworks on City property as well as on private development projects. Staff suport to the
Commission consists of agenda planning; staffing Commisson meetings, creating minutes and
City of Palo Alto Page 7
delivering meeting follow up items; supporting Commissioners through the artist selection
panel process, public interactions and special events; regular check-ins with the Chair and Vice
Chair regarding press, public letters and current events; and relaying resources about
developing trends and best practices in the Public Art field. The Public Art Commission holds a
retreat during September of each year to set the priorities for the following year in accordance
with the Public Art Master Plan while balancing projects already in progress. The Commission
will be discussing opportunities for temporary and permanent public art projects that support
racial and cultural equity, diversity, community strength and resiliency. This could include
temporary murals along University Avenue and California Avenue, permanent or temporary
artworks resulting from an artist residency within a City department, or a permanent artwork at
a City site focused on racial equity.
Resource Impact
The resource impact of this staff report will vary depending upon what action Council will take.
There is no resource impact if Council chooses to continue the Public Art Program as defined in
the Municipal Code. If Council chooses to suspend new funding allocations for either or both of
the public art programs (municipal projects and private developments) the impacts are detailed
below.
Public Art Program Staffing
The staffing for the Public Art Program is 2.2 FTE. The Public Art Program Director (Senior
Community Services Manager) is partially funded by private percent for art funds and partially
by general fund contributions. Other staff are funded wholly by general fund contributions.
Municipal Projects (Art in Public Places CIP)
Just over $2.0 million is currently allocated for public art related to municipal projects in AC-
86017 in FY2021, which includes approximately $500,000 of funding that was previously
encumbered for public art installations that were started in prior years. Of the $1.5M of
unencumbered funds, $200,000 is associated with the Downtown Garage project and planned
to be shifted back to the Infrastructure Reserve in the Capital Improvement Fund during mid-
year budget adjustments. In FY2022, approximately $190,000 is estimated as the 1% for public
art from eligible FY22 planned capital projects. In addition to these funding allocations, as
described above, the Art in Public Places project receives $50,000 annually as a base allocation
from the Capital Improvement Fund.
FY 2021 funding has not yet been encumbered to projects and could be reallocated by City
Council if the Ordinance is suspended. Approximately $8,000 has been allocated in each fiscal
year to cover staff expenses associated with a part-time Art Preparator / Maintenance position.
This position is needed regardless of whether any new funding is provided for municipal
projects as they are responsible for maintenance of the existing collection. If this ordinance is
suspended, a new funding source for this position will need to be identified. At this time, staff
has not identified an alternative source.
City of Palo Alto Page 8
Private Development Projects
As explained above, Public Art is required on-site for most large developments built in the City
of Palo Alto and is designed to be fully cost recovery. Since this Ordinance was adopted in
2014, developers have contributed approximately $1.83 million in in-lieu fees. Up to twenty
percent of in-lieu fees are used to support the administrative costs associated with managing
the Private Development Program.
One position is partially funded through Public Art In-lieu fees. This position is needed
regardless of whether any new funding is provided for in-lieu projects as they are responsible
for projects already in process as well as for oversight of developers who chose to create their
own public art on developments. In FY2020, in-lieu fees supported approximately $40,000 of
the salary and benefit costs of this position, and staff budgeted a similar level of support in
FY2021 and anticipates this continuing for FY2022. If the Private Development Ordinance is
suspended for two years, a new funding source will need to be identified for this position.
Resource Impact Summary
In summary, suspending FY2021 and FY2022 allocations for the Art in Public Spaces CIP (AC-
86017) could result in approximately $1.3 million of savings in the Capital Improvement Fund in
FY2021 and $0.2 million to reallocate during the development of the FY2022 Capital budget and
2022-2026 Capital Improvement Plan. A new funding source for $16,000 of part-time salary and
benefit costs will also need to be identified. Suspending the FY2021 and FY2022 developer
payments for the Public Art in Private Development In-Lieu fund will result in the loss of
developer paid revenues, which has ranged from $210,000 to $570,000 annually over the past
few years and the need to identify a new funding source for approximately $80,000 in salary
and benefit costs.
Policy Implications
The Public Art Master Plan was approved May 2016 by the Public Art Commission and the City
Council formally adopted the Public Art Master Plan August 15, 2016.
The Art in Public Spaces program is supported by several policies in the 2030 Comprehensive
Plan.
o Policy L-4.4.1 Study the feasibility of using public and private funds to provide and
maintain landscaping and public spaces such as parks, plazas, sidewalks and public art
within commercial areas.
o Policy L-4.8 Ensure that University Avenue/Downtown is pedestrian-friendly and
supports bicycle use. Use public art, trees, bicycle racks and other amenities to create an
environment that is inviting to pedestrians and bicyclists.
o Policy L-8.2 Provide comfortable seating areas and plazas with places for public art
adjacent to library and community center entrances.
o Policy L-8.5 Recognize public art and cultural facilities as a community benefit.
Encourage the development of new and the enhancement of existing public and private
City of Palo Alto Page 9
art and cultural facilities throughout Palo Alto. Ensure that such projects are compatible
with the character and identity of the surrounding neighborhood.
o Policy L-8.6 Seek potential new sites for art and cultural facilities, public spaces, open
space and community gardens.
o Program T1.19.5 Improve amenities such as seating, lighting, bicycle parking, street
trees, public art and interpretive stations along bicycle and pedestrian paths and in City
parks to encourage walking and cycling and enhance the feeling of safety.
o Policy T-1.21 Maintain pedestrian- and bicycle-only use of alleyways Downtown and in
the California Avenue area where appropriate to provide connectivity between
businesses and parking and transit stops, and consider public art in the alleyways as a
way to encourage walking
o Policy C-3.4 Utilize the Public Art Master Plan, as amended, as a guide for the continued
maintenance and preservation of the Public Art Collection.
o Policy C-4.5 Expand the space available in the community for art exhibits, classes and
other cultural activities, studios and galleries and other activities made possible by
technical innovation, while maintaining and enhancing natural areas.
Stakeholder Engagement
The Public Art Program coordinates and collaborates with several City departments, the Public
Art Commission, artists, local businesses, property owners, and the community. All public art
projects include robust stakeholder engagement and involvement throughout the artist
selection and art development process. Projects like Code:ART and the California Avenue Public
Art Master Plan makes the broader engagement with residents and the business community
especially visible. For example, Code:ART drew thousands of visitors to downtown Palo Alto to
talk about the future of our underutilized spaces and alleys, and plans are in place to host a
future CodeART event. The Public Art Commission has discussed the possibility of Council’s
direction to suspend the ordinance at its August 20, 2020 meeting as it relates to the planning
of its September retreat. Public Art staff has discussed the potential implications of a
suspension internally, but broader community engagement has not taken place.
Public Sentiment for the Program
Feedback on the City’s public art projects has been overwhelmingly positive throughout the
years with many public comments and active volunteer participation. A few select quotes
include:
• Feedback on the overall collection of public art
o Public art enhances our shared spaces in Palo Alto, and I love all your temporary
installations as well as the permanent artworks.
o Thank you!!! Your work makes our city such a beautiful town to live and work.
• Feedback on specific installations
o “It has been amazing to see this [Black Lives Matter Mural] unfold and progress
so rapidly. And the finished work is so moving and inspiring. I am proud to know
that Palo Alto and @publicartpa stepped forward to make CA one of 43 states
that have painted this message on pavement. With great appreciation!”
City of Palo Alto Page 10
o This mural [Under the Sun by Mohamed Soumah] always makes me smile -
especially on drizzly winter days.
o [The Year of the Ocean mural in California Avenue bike and pedestrian
underpass] I have always loved this mural since I was a child--so glad to see it
refreshed. It's neat--whimsical and fun, without pretensions.
o Seeing this here [the Blue Trees] makes me happy! Kudos to Konstantin
Dimopolous and Palo Alto Public Art for bringing this thought-provoking
installation to Palo Alto!! You’ve created so many unique art experiences that
enliven our town, turning it into a more interesting, intellectual, cultural, and
arts-rich place.
• Feedback on special events including the Code: Art Event
o Love it! So fun for all ages and anyone can participate. Temporary art is the best.
o There is a feeling and sense of community in this event. We like that.
o Wonderful enhancement to downtown Palo Alto. Would like more of it!
Environmental Review
The recommended action is not considered a Project as defined by the California Environmental
Quality Act.
Attachments:
• ATTACHMENT A Public Art Images
APPENDIX A: Public Art Images
Greg Brown, Boy Fishing, located on the downtown Post Office and Garbage Man with Venusian in Can
located on Hamilton Avenue. Greg Brown began painting his whimsical murals in Downtown Palo Alto in
1975, the same year that the Visual Arts Jury and the Art in Public Spaces Program were formalized by
Council.
Nude in Steel, 1976 by Hans Wehrli
The City’s first acquisition of a
permanently sited outdoor sculpture,
Nude in Steel was originally
temporarily exhibited in front of the
Palo Alto City Hall. Installed at its
current site in front of Rinconada
Library in the 1990s, the sculpture has
welcomed generations of library
visitors and occasionally is found with
a flower tucked behind her ear.
Welcome Wagon, 2019 by Pete Beeman is
the most recently installed permanent
artwork at the new Fire Station 3. The
artist worked closely with Fire
Department staff on the design
development for a kinetic bench
Byxbee Park’s iconic Pole Field is one of several earthwork installations by Peter Richards and Michael
Oppenheimer that is still standing.
Bruce Johnson’s After the Fire was one of several sculptures purchased in the 1980’s and is a favorite for
children playing in Mitchell Park to explore. Push, by Fred Hunnicutt was installed in the same timeframe.
Brad Oldham’s Wise and Whimsy bollards greet visitors to the Mitchell Park Library and Community
Center and offer a seat for those who need it. Roger Stoller’s Cloud Forest design was inspired by the
coastal redwoods and spreading seeds of knowledge at the library. All four artworks at the Mitchell Park
Library and Community Center were developed after extensive stakeholder engagement.
Murals by Chris Johanson, David
Huffman and Joey Piziali are prime
examples of artworks commissioned
in partnership with California Avenue
businesses to create the “Avenue of
the Arts”.
Brilliance, 2014 by Joe O’Connell and
Blessing Hancock is a series of
sculptures that incorporate language
sourced from the Palo Alto
community about biological,
intellectual, and artistic growth. These
six sculptures animate the space
between the Art Center and the
Rinconada Library.
Colin Selig’s creative seating along University Avenue were originally a temporary installation. After a lot of
positive community feedback, the City decided to purchase the works to keep them downtown.
Installation of temporary environmental
sculpture Foraging Island by artists
Mary O’Brien and Daniel McCormick at
Byxbee Park during their artist residency
at the Palo Alto Baylands Nature
Preserve. 69 community volunteers
ranging in age from 6 to 90, donated a
total of 189 hours to help the artists
create Foraging Island.
Two of eight temporary installations from the 2017 Code:ART festival that drew approximately 10,000 visitors
to downtown Palo Alto over three days, animating underutilized alleyways and spaces. The planned
Code:ART2 festival has been postponed to October 2021.
King Plaza has been the site of ongoing
temporary public art installations since
2015, inviting visitors to visit the plaza and
experience something new. The current
installation titled Bucolic Labyrinth by Paz
de la Calzada features an audio guide for
those seeking instruction on how to walk
a labyrinth.
Photo Credits: Palo Alto Camera Club, Jim Colton, Mary O’Brien, and Creative Machines
The Artwork Forge by Toby Atticus Fraley. Over the course of the installation, the sculpture dispensed
approximately 2,000 pieces to the public, twice the amount Public Art staff anticipated. There was an
outpouring of social media engagement with this temporary installation as well as repeat visitors to King
Plaza.